3 i 



THE 



HISTORY 



APPANOOSE COUNTY, 



X o y^ j^. 



CONTAINING 



ji f isinr^ d l\^ Saitnl^, it$ §x{u% ®0mn$^ ^u, 



A Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Vol- 
unteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, 
Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, His- 
tory of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map 
of Appanoose County, Constitution of the 
United States, Miscellaneous 
Matters, &e. 



ILXiTTSTI^^TEX). 



CHICAGO : 
WESTEEN HISTORICAL COMPANY, 

1R78. 






Entered, according to Act ot Congress, in the year 1878, by 

THE WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. G. 



1 a. \\ Vr^ 
X2, 



u ^H'Uoi;^ 



PREFACE. 



~r ESS than half a century has rolled into eternity since the Indian title to any portion 
-^^^ of the soil of Iowa was extinguished, and the Black Hawk Purchase permitted the 
resistless tide of emigration westward to flow across the Mississippi; and only thirty-three 
years ago the Sac and Fox Indians reluctantly left their beautiful hunting-grounds, a por- 
tion of which was the southern part of Appanoose County. Only forty years have 
elapsed since the adventurous Kirby and Wells built the first rade cabins in the 
southern part of the county, followed a few years after by the brave and hardy pioneers 
who settled in the edges of the beautiful groves that deck tlie expanses of prairie within 
its borders But these fleeting years have been replete with eventful changes — of 
history that it has been the purpose of this work to gather, arrange and preserve for 
transmission to posterity as one of the almost countless chapters in the annals of this 
great country. 

In some respects, the task has been an arduous and delicately responsible one. It 
has been a fortunate circumstance for the compiler that the early official records were 
not only made with care and judgment, but they have been preserved with sedulous care. 
The principal events gathered from the memories of the pioneer settlers have been nar- 
rated with honesty of intention and freedom from local prejudice. Great care has been 
taken to give them in substance as they have been related, and in the more important 
circumstances several have been consulted, in order that the details might be preserved 
as nearly as possible. Scarcely anything has heretofore been done to preserve the tra- 
ditional history of Appanoose County, and only a short time would have elapsed ere the 
details would have disappeared forever. One or two matters have been purposely 
omitted, in the sincere belief that every citizen in the county will agree with the com- 
piler that they should be forgotten by all as speedily as possible. 

In the absence of written records, it has often occurred that diiferent individuals 
have given sincere and honest, but, nevertheless, somewhat conflicting, versions of the 
same events, and 'it has been a matter of great delicacy to harmonize these conflicting 
statements. This work has been done with care and discrimination, with the sole pur- 
pose of arriving at the truth. How well this task has been performed the intelligent 
reader must judge. It will be strange, indeed, if in the multiplicity of names, dates and 
events, no errors or omissions shall be detected. The compiler does not dare hope that) 



PREFACE. 

in all its numerous and varied details, this work is absolutely correct, nor is it to 
be expected that it is beyond criticism ; but it is hoped and believed that it will be found 
measurably correct and generally accurate and reliable. Unwearied and studious care 
has been constantly exercised in its preparation in the hope of making a standard work 
of reference, as well as a volume of interest to the general reader. 

Such as it shall be found, however, our work is done, our offering completed, and 
it remains for u.s to tender our grateful acknowledgments to the people of Appanoose 
County for the patronage that has enabled us to present them with this volume, and for 
the courtesy and kindness, almost without exception, extended to our representatives, to 
whom has been intrusted the work of collecting and arranging the historical record herein 
[jreserved to that posterity, who, in the not far distant future, are to take the places of 
the fathers and mothers of to-day, so many of whose names are honorably recorded in 
the following pages. 

Particularly do we desire to express our warmest thanks to the Pioneer Settlers, 
without whose help and anxious care, we could not have succeeded. To all of these — to 
the county officers who have so courteously and kindly aided us and placed the official 
records of the county at our disposal — to the publishers of the county who have gener- 
ously affoided us so free access to their files — to the official representatives of churches, 
lodges and societies, as well as many civil officers, this paragra| h is a tribute of thanks 
for favors willingly bestowed. The writer would gladly linger to cultivate the pleasant 
acquaintance obtained in Appanoose County, whose annals he has conned with so much 
pleasure. Hail and farewell ! 

In conclusion we may be permitted to express the earnest hope that before another 
generation shall have passed, some other and abler pen will have gathered and recorded 
the historic events that are to follow the close of this offering to the people of Appanoose 
County, that its history may be preserved from generation to generation ; and to this end 
public records, private journals and newspaper files should be carefully preserved. 

December, 1878. THE PUBLISHERS. 




CONTENTS. 



BISTORY NORTHWEST ASIO STATE OF IOWA. 



Page. 

History Northwest Territory 19 

Geograpliical Position 19 

Early Explorations 20 

Biecovery of the Ohio 33 

English Explorations and Set- 
tlements 35 

American Settlements (iO 

Division of the Northwest Ter- 
ritory C6 

Tecumseh and the War of 1812 70 
Black Hawk and the Black 

Hawk War 74 

Other Indian Troubles 79 

Present Condition of the North- 
west 86 

Chicago 95 

Illinois .-. 257 

Indiana 259 

Iowa.. 260 

Michigan 2b3 

Wisconsin 264 

Minnesota 266 

Nebraska 267 

History of Iowa : 

Geographical Situation 109 

Topography 109 

Drainage System 110 



Page. 
History ol Iowa : 

Rivers Ill 

Lakes 118 

Springs 119 

Prairies 120 

Geology 120 

Climatology 137 

Discovery and Occupation 139 

Territory 147 

Indians 147 

Pike's Expedition 151 

Indian Wars 152 

Black Hawk War 157 

Indian Purchase, Reserves and 

Treaties 159 

Spanish Grants 163 

Half-Breed Tract 164 

Early Settlements 166 

Territorial History 173 

Boundary Question 177 

State Organization 181 

Growth and Progress 185 

Agricultural College and Farm. 186 

State University 187 

State Historical Society 193 

Penitentiaries 194 



Page. 
History of Iowa: 

Insane Hospitals 195 

College for the Blind 197 

Deaf and Dumb Institution 199 

Soldiers' Orphans' Homes 199 

State Normal School 201 

Asylum for Feeble Minded 

Children 201 

Reform School 202 

Pish Hatching Establishment..2n3 

Public Lands 204 

Public Schools 218 

Political Record 223 

War Record 229 

Infantry 233 

Cavalry 244 

Artillery 247 

Miscellaneous 248 

Promotions from Iowa Reg- 
iments 249 

Number Casual ties — Officers.25u 
Number Casualties — Enlist- 
ed Men 252 

Number Volunteers 254 

Population 255 

Agricultural Statistics 320 



HISTORY APPAXOOSE COUNTY. 



Early History 323 

Dragoon Trail 323 

Bee Trace 323 

First Cabin 324 

First White Child 324 

Mormon Emigration 325 

Indian Occupants 326 

Treaties 328 

First Permanent Settlement. ..329 

Boundary Question 331 

Further Seitlement 332 

Horse -Thieving 333 

Found Dead 334 

Appanoose Created — First Elec- 
tion 334 

Roads and Mail-Routes 334 

First Marriage 3b5 

Early Births 335 

Indians and Whites 335 

Game, etc 335 

Geology 337 

Origin of Coal 338 

Local Observations 339 

Streams 341 

Timber 341 

Civil Divisions 341 

Surveys 342 

Entries 342 

First Flouring-Mills 343 

Religious 344 

First Physicians 344 

Official History 345 

County Organized 345 

Name Changed 347 

Commissioners' Doings 347 

Fii'st Pay- Roll 348 

First Treasurer's Report 348 

Chaldea .349 

Precincts 349 

First Court House 350 

Townships Established 3.50 | 



Page. 
OHicial History : 

First Bridge 351 

Independence 351 

County Judge 353 

First Court Record 353 

Probate Matters 357 

Early Marriages 358 

Pioneer Jurisprudence 359 

Early School Matters 360 

Incidents of Pioneer Life 361 

First'Store-Keeping Christmas.Sei 

Amusements 362 

Mormon Removal 362 

Claim Society 364 

An Infare 366 

Raging Chariton 367 

Fourth of July .367 

Flush Times 368 

The Great Smaah 368 

Liquor Case 369 

Hanging 370 

The Underground Route .371 

Border Thieving 375 

Murphy Case 377 

Lynching 378 

Foster Case 379 

Robt. Low and Marion Wright 381 

Stage Robbery 381 

Ancient Elections 382 

The Williamsons 383 

Book of Judges 383 

Board of Supervisors 384 

Double Murder 384 

Court House 385 

Murder of Capt. Bashore 387 

Serious Accident 388 

Big Snake, etc 388 

Eclipse, 1869 388 

Recent Events 392 

Death of a Pioneer 393 

Railroads 393 



Paob. 

Old Settlers' Association 395 

Agricultural Society 396 

Patrons of Husbandry 398 

Educational 399 

County Officers 401 

AVar History 403 

Press 431 

Jail 433 

Poor-Farm 433 

Centerville 433 

Municipal 437 

Fire Department 438 

Educational 438 

Religious 439 

Masons 442 

Odd Fellows 443 

Red Riblion Club 445 

Moulton 445 

Cincinnati 451 

Bellair and Numa 450 

Iconium 460 

Union ville 461 

Moravia 464 

Walnut City 466 

Hibbsville 468 

Dean and Hilltown 470 

Orleans 471 

Albany 472 

Exline 472 

New Hope 473 

Caldwell 473 

Sedan 474 

MilledgevlUe 474 

Sharon 475 

Johns Township 47G 

A Parting Word 477 

Missing Book Fi/und 477 

Assessment, 1878 483 

Tax Levy, 1878 484 

Vote, 1878 485 

Vote, 1877 480 



CONTENTS. 



Pagr. 

JMouth of the Mississippi 21 

Source of the Mississippi 21 

Wild Prairie 23 

La Salle Landing on the Shore of 

Green Bay 25 

Buffalo Hunt 27 

Trapping 29 

Hunting 32 

Iroquois Chief 34 

Pontiac, the Ottawa Chieftain 43 

Indians Attacking Frontiersmen.. 56 
A Prairie Storm 59 



IliLiFSTRATIONS. 

P.\GE. ] 

A Pioneer Dwelling 61 ; 

Breaking Prairie G3 

Tecumseli, the Shawanoe Chieftain 69 

Indians Attacking a Stockade 72 

Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 75 

Big Eagle 80 

Captain Jack, the Modoc Chieftain 83 

Kinzie House 85 ! 

A Representative Pioneer 86 I 

Lincoln Monument 87 

A Pioneer School House 88 



Page. 

Pioneers' First Winter 94 

Great Iron Bridge of C, R. I. & P. 
R. R., Crossing the Miasissippi at 

Davenport, Iowa 91 

Chicago in 1833 95 

Old Fort Dearborn, 1830 98 

Present Site Lake Street Bridge, 

Chicago, 1833 98 

Ruins of Chicago 104 

View of the City of Chicago 106 

Hunting Prairie Wolves 268 



APPANOOSE COUKTY VOI.UKTEEKS. 



Infantry: Page. 

Sixth 406 

Seventh 408 

Eighteenth 409 

Thirty-sixth 410 

Thirty-seventh 416 



Infantry: Page. [ Cavalry : Page. 

Forty-sixth 416 Eighth 419 

Forty-seventh 416 ' Southern Border Brigade 421 

Cavalry: i Missouri Regiments 422 

Third 417 Kansas Regiments 422 

Seventh 419 ; Miscellaneous 426 



BIOORAPHICAE TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY. 



Page. 

Bellair 539 

Center 487 

Chariton 544 

Caldwell 568 

Douglas 623 

Franklin 530 



Page. 

Indepenendce 584 

Johns 575 

Lincoln 611 

Pleasant 592 

Sharon 542 

Taylor 603 



Page 

Union 618 

Udell 520 

Walnut 560 

Washington 504 

Wells 5.56 



ElTHOGRAPHIt' PORTRAITS. 



Page. 

Udell, Nathan 355 

Johnson, W. S 389 



Page 

Maring, J. B 423 

Worthington, J. H 457 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE liAWS. 



Page. 

Adoption of Children 303 

Bills of Exchange and Promissory 

Notes 293 

Commercial Terms 305 

Capital Punishment 298 

Charitable, Scieulific and Religious 

Associations 316 

Descent 293 

Damages from Trespass 300 

Exemptions from Execution .298 

Estrays 299 

Forms : 

Articles of Agreement 3f'7 

Bills of Sale 308 

Bond for Deed 315 

Bills of Purchase 306 



Page. 1 
Forms : 

Chattel Mortgage 314 

Confession of Judgment 306 

Lease 312 

Mortgages 310 

Notice to Quit 309 

Notes 306,313 

Orders 306 

Quit Claim Deed 315 

Receipts 306 

Wills and Codicils 309 

Warranty Deed 314 

Fences 300 

Interest 293 

Intoxicating Liquors 317 

Jurisdiction of Courts 297 



Page. 

Jurors 297 

Limitation of Actions 297 

Landlord and Tenant 304 

Married Women 298 

Marks and Brands 300 

Mechanics' Liens. 301 

Koads and Bridges 302 

Surveyors and Surveys 303 

Suggestions to Persons Purchasing 

Books by Subscription 319 

Support of Poor 303 

Taxes 295 

Wills and Estates 293 

Weights and Measures 305 

Wolf Scalps 300 



Page. 

Map of AiJpanoose County Front. 

Constitution of United States 269 

Vote for President, Governor and 

Congressmen 283 

Practical Rules for Every-Day Use..284 
United States Government Land 

Measure 287 



MISCEL.l.Al!8EOlJ!!t. 

Page. 

Surveyor's Measure 288 

How to Keep Accounts 288 

Interest Table 289 

Miscellaneous Ta''le 289 

Names of the States of the Union 

and their Significations 290 

Population of the United States 291 



Page. 

Population of Fifty Principal Cities 
of the United States 291 

Population and Area of the United 
States 292 

Population of the Principal Coun- 
tries in the World 292 



reoj^. 




\70N. 



'6s:n: 



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The Northwest Territory. 



GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. 

When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States 
by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the 
Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the 
United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States 
of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of 
Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United 
States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi 
River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary 
of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the 
Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National 
domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the 
'' New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern 
Territory. " 

In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast 
magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater 
in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, 
including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected 
eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- 
tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of 
the entire population of the United States. 

Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent 
flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- 
stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the 
highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent 
on the globe. 

For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- 
west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United 
States. 

(19) 



20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 

In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New 
World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel 
of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than 
half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence 
to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no 
settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that 
he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and 
disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery 
for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize 
upon any news. from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by 
DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer 
took advantage of these discoveries. 

In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the 
wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- 
trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which 
run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the 
first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from 
the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian 
envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, 
below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent 
result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders 
attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, 
nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by 
Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude 
Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the 
Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette 
founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two 
years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- 
eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the 
present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a 
grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were 
taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken 
of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at 
Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. 

During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. 
Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied 
— as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's 
children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. 
Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



21 





r g 



22 THE NORTHWEST TEREITG^Y. 

request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his 
king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico 
or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- 
dition, prepared for the undertaking. 

On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- 
ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of 
discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were 
astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade 
them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as 
exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of 
frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, 
nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he 
was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region 
they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which 
the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they 
separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the 
adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and 
Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- 
quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, 
which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to 
thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in 
giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to 
which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the 
year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed 
in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. 
He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to 
Joliet, said: " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- 
tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths 
of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct 
them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on 
the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to 
witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet 
ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, 
returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, 
which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown 
waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck 
out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were 
now upon the bosom of th3 Father of Waters: The mystery was about 
to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is 
beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been 
clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



23 



Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand 
"reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of 
France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared 
on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a 
country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- 
itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- 
tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. 




THE WILD PRAIRIE. 



On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon 
the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the 
boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a 
village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a 
half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most 
hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a wliite person. 
After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to 
about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being 
satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course 



24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, 
rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point 
to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, ''did we see 
such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, 
swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." 
The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and 
reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of 
which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by 
the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette 
returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them 
until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the 
mouth of a stream — going with, his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked 
to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, 
he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time 
passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found 
him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefull}^ passed away while at 
prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place 
fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving 
the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been 
called Marquette. 

While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in 
the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- 
paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun 
by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. 

After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see 
the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French 
trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of 
those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an 
expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, 
when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind 
of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- 
lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous 
western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to 
Frontenac, Governor General cf Canada, and laid before him the plan, 
dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that 
LaSalle's idea to coiinect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf 
of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un- 
measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- 
tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. 

LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who 
warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also receivad 
from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



25 



alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at 
once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on 
these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined 
by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He 
passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and 
into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were 
some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded e fort, and passed 
on to Green Bay, the " Bale des Puans " of the French, where he found 
a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with' 
these, and placing her under the care of a, pilot and fourteen sailors. 




LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY. 

started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard 
of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- 
ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working 
men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. 

By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by 
the Indians, "Thcakeke," wolf, because of the tribes of Indians called 
by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The 
Frencli pronounced it Kiakihi, which became corrupted to Kankakee. 
"Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the 
country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- 
nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment 



26 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs» 
took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- 
ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes 
under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village 
of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, 
the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, 
on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have 
been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-wi, that 
is, a place ivhere there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met 
with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent 
some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that 
place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were 
trying to disturb the good feeling which existed; and some of his men 
were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. 
He called this fort '^ Crevecoeur^'' (broken-heart), a name expressive of the 
very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship. 
Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the 
part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause 
him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was 
placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. 

While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to 
look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to 
return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in 
the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party 
to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- 
ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and 
was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a 
bad season of the year. He safely reached Cana ^a, and set out again for 
the object of his search. 

Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February, 
1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he 
found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to 
Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after 
leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the 
icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River 
by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a 
band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- 
nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- 
age they found several beautiful lakes, and " saw some charming prairies." 
Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux 
nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when 
they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



27 



in honor of his patron yaint. Here they took the land, and traveling 
nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages. 
Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their 
captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen, 




BUFFALO HUNT. 

headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- 
trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior ; and with these fellow- 
countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the 
borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had 
returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went 
to France, where he published an account of his adventures. 



28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his 
vain endeavor to find gold and precioas gems. In the following Spring, 
De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- 
ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, 
reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered 
about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- 
selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan- 
tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it 
would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of 
Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. 

They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi; but, 
being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, 
and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. 

To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the 
first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess 
this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of 
explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed 
the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February, 
reached the banks of the Mississippi. 

On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they 
pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- 
covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters 
into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event : 

" We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three 
leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle 
went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti 
meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found, the main 
outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a 
little above its confluence Avith the sea, to find a dry place beyond the 
reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about 
twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to 
the column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription : 

Louis Le Grand, Roi Da France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvisme Avril, 16S2. 

The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Beum, and then, after 
a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi," the column Avas erected by M. de 
La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of 
the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- 
sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where 
another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two 
succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along 
the shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



29 



treachery of his followers, and tlie object of his expeditions was not 
accomplished until 1699, when D"Iberville, under the authority of the 
crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth 
of the "Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives 
'''■ Malhouchia,"" and by the Spaniards, " Za Palismde,"' from the great 








TRAPPING. 

number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, 
and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western 
outlet, and returned to France. 

An avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved. 
In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- 
nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by 
France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by 



30 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory 
of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the 
charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat 
and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown 
open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; 
had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one 
settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- 
ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them 
(unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecceur,) 
it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were 
peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of 
the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be, known and honored." 

The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the 
year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, 
and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary 
station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- 
lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of 
these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, 
dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de ITmmaculate Conception de 
la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of 
Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while 
Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecceur. This must have l)een 
about the year 1700. The post at -Vincennes on the Oubache river, 
(pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly') was estab- 
lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- 
able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia 
and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain 
were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- 
tions, with those established further north, Avere the earliest attempts to 
occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being 
made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- 
ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England 
in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the 
famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law, 
who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his 
scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. 

From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the 
French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- 
sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated 

* There is considerable dispute about tliis date, some asserting it was founded as late as 1742. When 
the new court house at Vincennes was erectetl, all authorities on the subject were carefully examined, and 
iV02 fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house. 



THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. 31 

injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company 
did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened 
the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains 
indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of 
the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the 
attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the 
New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary 
among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort 
Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: "We have here whites, negroes and 
Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, 
and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues 
situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred 
whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The 
three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all 
told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise w^heat, cattle, pigs and 
horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can 
be consumed ; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New 
Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and 
save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were 
found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France 
by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- 
ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the 
mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low 
to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially 
occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I 
think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, 
bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork 
and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty 
vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, 
plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of 
Germans, some ten leagues up the liver. At Point Coupee, thirty -five 
leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five 
or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther 
up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners 
through fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise 
excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, 
where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river 
traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred 
leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at 
the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the 
Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to 



32 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



work them as tliey deserve." Father Marest, writmg from tlie post at 
Vincennesin 1812, makes the same observation. Vivier also says : " Some 
individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. 
Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are 
like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find 
silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also 
in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large 
pieces are found in the streams." 







HUNTING. 



At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the 
lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at 
the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what 
may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest 
they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, 
at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, 
Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of 
LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of 
this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another 
nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 3,5 

and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for 
securing the great profits arising therefrom. 

The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the 



DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. 

This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- 
Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet 
and Marquette. 

While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found 
leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. 
He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed 
to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident 
soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. 

While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the 
Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a 
distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- 
ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. 
LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great 
rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to 
embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to 
the commerce of China and Japan. 

He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- 
ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant» 
Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- 
vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- 
pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, 
and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, 
the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred 
dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the 
necessary supplies for the outfit. 

On the 6tli of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, 
embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes 
carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the 
bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the 
Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present 
City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to 
conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. 

The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected 
that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After 
waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian 



34 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them 
that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. 

On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they 
heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving 




1KU<4U01S CUIKF. 

among the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned 
from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. 
Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume 
their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the 
arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved 
to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. He 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35 

had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines 
on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. 
He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the 
lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in 
that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the 
expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the 
Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet 
with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and 
after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at 
Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, 
Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. 

These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted 
no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron 
saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June 
without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. 

After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois 
village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a 
tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far 
as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the 
persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. 

The account of the latter pra-t of his journey is found in an anony- 
mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle 
himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count 
Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he 
discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as 
an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio 
Vallej' upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony 
of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French 
had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec 
replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries 
of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to 
make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." 



ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. 

When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters 
and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts 
already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- 
ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States 
of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet 
under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty 



86 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 
1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to 
secure the country west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In 
Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov- 
ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- 
sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, b}^ that 
power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain 
to this unexplored wilderness. 

England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a 
discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants 
to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. 
She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- 
ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward, Gov- 
ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the 
great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- 
das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were 
taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. 
They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 
1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed 
was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has 
often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was 
made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of 
Virginia," for which the Indians received <£200 in gold and a like sum in 
goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. 
The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel 
William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was 
called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with 
presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- 
nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings 
regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, 
and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the 
cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In 
1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant 
of land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government 
of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- 
dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of 
June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was 
made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 
acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French 
were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a footliold in tlie 
West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 37 

settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain 
possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- 
reuil, Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the 
consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading- 
posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further 
secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- 
eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds 
and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which 
were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and 
within the memory of residents now living along the "• Oyo," as the 
beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found 
with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and 
rf copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the 
plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, 
among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, 
however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and 
though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and 
it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the 
frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio 
Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, 
on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He' 
afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down 
the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, 
and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- 
ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the 
Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were bus}'- in preparing 
their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party 
of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- 
lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and 
Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of 
the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. 
(They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were 
carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burniKl. This 
fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the 
king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- 
tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some 
variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones 
Pickaweke." 

' The following Is a translation of tlie inscription on the plate: "In the year 1749. reign of Louis XV., 
King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Uallisomcre, tom- 
mander-in-chlif of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have 
buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradalcoin. Mils twenty- nintli of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise 
Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession whicli we have taken of the said river, and all its 
tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France liave enjoyed it, and maintained it by tlieir arms and 
treaties; especially by those of Ryswiclt, Utrecht, and Aix La Ciiapelle." 



88 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 

This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and 
occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about 
forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- 
ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- 
mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they Avished to 
occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- 
ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and 
Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the 
natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- 
caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, 
these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the 
north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- 
burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- 
doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize 
the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, 
the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a 
chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their 
favor. This he did, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing 
a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a 
settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should 
not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first 
treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valle}^ 

Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trying to out-mancEuvre 
each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally 
outwitted the Indians, and failed in mau}^ instances to fulfill their con- 
tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further 
increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- 
tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : " The Indians on the Ohio 
leftf you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were 
coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The 
French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The 
Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when 
we wanted help, forsook us." 

At the beginning of 1658, the English thought they had secured by 
title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon 
and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- 
lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until 
the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans 
of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them 
away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts 
already begun, and would not abandon the field. 

Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 

ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of 
Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from 
them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young 
man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank 
of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This 
personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, wlio then 
held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just 
twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied 
by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's 
Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon- 
gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to 
Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of 
the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and 
also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- 
lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to 
turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. 
Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to 
Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the 
French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery 
of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing 
of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 
11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here 
he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, took his 
observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one 
but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, 
notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their 
homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet 
they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. 

From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by 
Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would 
not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made 
in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French 
finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, 
and gathered their forces to be in readiness. 

The Okl Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great 
activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring 
colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac 
men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised 
two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river the}' were 
gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent 
had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were 



40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of 
the Ohio, to which l)Oth parties were looking with deep interest. 

" The first birds of Spring filled the air with their sOng ; the swift 
river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of 
Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian 
scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, 
that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent 
in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten 
miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- 
ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and 
swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning 
of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw 
upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and 
three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and 
stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecoeur, 
and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men 
and tools, marched up the Monongahela." 

The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la 
Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and 
English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the 
French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi 
and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue 
of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- 
foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The 
first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the 
English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted 
disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed 
the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured, 
and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- 
ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. 
He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- 
self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called 
by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of 
French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked 
in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the 
morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. 

The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one 
against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort 
Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, 
and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. 
The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General 
Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 

acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This 
occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle 
of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with 
various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- 
ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- 
tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to 
carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, 
under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, 
against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against 
Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a 
desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the 
Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie 
captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, 
of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was 
found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, 
rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the 
name to Fort Pitt. 

The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of 
Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to 
reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to 
capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant 
Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga 
and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- 
able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated 
Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement 
Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, 
marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of 
defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was 
fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It 
resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. 
The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was 
surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it 
was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England 
were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and 
under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of 
the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same 
time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 

On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent 
from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post 
in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- 
moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, 
Beletre^ refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the 



42 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d 
under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, 
no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the 
purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was 
assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not 
desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much 
to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while 
on their journey home. 

Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one 
month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence 
across the present State of Ohio directly to the, fort. This was the com- 
mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of 
the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, 
crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon 
John's Town " on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White 
Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town 
on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one 
hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of 
cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across 
Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. 

The Northwest ■ Territory was now entirely under the English rule. 
New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large 
trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises 
with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- 
trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. 

The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these 
atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading 
events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this 
noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named 
Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as 
far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, 
but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his 
hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian 
to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached 
him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He 
declared that no treaty had been made with them; no presents sent 
them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. 
He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was 
civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. 

The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, 
were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified 
February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



la 




PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. 



44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

upon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. 
Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander 
of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares 
and Mingoes, who had, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite 
in this enterprise. 

The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 1768. 
Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow 
of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. 

Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. 
Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing 
the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, 
however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when 
Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian 
chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed 
musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He 
saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He 
endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt 
was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe 
reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. 

Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and ui:til the treaty of peace 
between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, 
continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular 
commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, 
which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At 
the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went 
further south, living many years among the Illinois. 

He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a 
time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis 
in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a 
quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon 
afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern 
Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. 

Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan 
for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly 
have been carried out. 

It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- 
ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest 
feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and 
were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, 
Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their 
French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : 
*' Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 

yet conquered us I We are not your slaves ! These lakes, these woods, 
these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, 
and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like 
the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you 
ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided 
food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." 

He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, 
no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. 
Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after 
the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no 
doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the 
French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the 
English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going 
on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. 

In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- 
vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters 
of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- 
tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. 
Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States 
and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great 
Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these 
sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and 
twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to 
Franca^ and by France sold to the United States. 

In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecoeur by 
LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- 
tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been 
noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract 
of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. 
Louis. 

By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including 
all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; 
but they do not appear to have btsn taken possession of until 1765, when 
Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- 
self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage, 
dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- 
olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their 
effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. 
It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the 
war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that 
chieftain By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- 



46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 
1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- 
eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- 
tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom 
he afterward lost his life. 

As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began 
rapidly to survey the country and prepare fpr occupation. During the 
year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces 
explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga- 
hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This 
was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- 
ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford 
and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- 
burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen. 
miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which 
were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. 

Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- 
tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This- 
same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. 
He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only 
forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and 
at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year 
or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally 
Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who sti[\ main- 
tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts 
was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and 
flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the 
policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension 
of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal 
proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the 
sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance 
of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement 
without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy 
reach of Great Britain. 

The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the 
course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they 
extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for 
themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother 
country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow." 

In accordance with this policy. Gov. Gage issued a proclamation 
in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- 
tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 

strenuously obiected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to 
remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its 
change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French 
population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned 
the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which 
was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- 
ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present 
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. 

In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- 
ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disjaosed to favor 
that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the 
early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side 
of the war for independence. 

In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration 
to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the 
pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. 
One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the 
Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it 
Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for 
settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed 
portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the 
famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and 
driven across the Ohio. 

During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies 
and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- 
lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land 
speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held 
in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling 
themselves the " Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the 
Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on 
the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- 
chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes 
as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On 
the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 
37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested 
by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in 
the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- 
panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all 
were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of 
April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the 
" United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made 



48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all 
signally failed. 

When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- 
ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. 

In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated thac at that time 
" Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- 
habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- 
tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were 
east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- 
tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 
negroes." 

From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and 
nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a leport 
made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following 
extract is made : 

"Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which 
appears to have contained nearly eighty families fi'om the beginning of 
the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la 
Prairie du Roehers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There 
are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five 
miles further up the river." 

St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- 
tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one 
hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country 
west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until 
ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the 
country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there 
were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 
1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more 
than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged 
in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here 
relate. 

It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by 
Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an 
oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. 
As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent 
resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space 
between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house 
(near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, 
and was bordered in front by tiie Detroit River. It was surrounded by 
oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had 
four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first tln-ee of these 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49 

gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- 
pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a 
parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running 
east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen 
feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten 
to fifteen feet in^width. 

At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the 
enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present 
northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was 
inclosed by pickets, and witliiii it were erected barracks of wood, two 
stories high, suflBcient to contain ten oflGcers, and also barracks sufficient 
to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The 
citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The okl town of 
Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, 
with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some 
hewn and some round. Tliere was one building of splendid appearance, 
called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east 
gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned 
by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and 
the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of 
twenty -four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning 
between nine and ten o'clock, Each furnished four sentinels, who weie 
relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who per- 
formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset; 
even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were 
delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened 
in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter 
town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- 
ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of 
every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were 
restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were 
allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they Avere admitted only 
at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the 
Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house 
near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. 
The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two 
hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by 
fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present •' new " 
town was laid out. 

On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of 
importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of 
Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests, 



60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORT. 

and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in 
this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those 
within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their 
civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway, 
burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. 
Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held 
in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived 
in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which 
had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty 
was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented 
her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move 
unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the 
British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. Ht 
saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy 
access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British 
intended to penetrate the country from the north and soutn, ana annihi- 
late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, 
afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not 
unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could 
the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives 
might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, 
he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements 
might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the 
project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on 
November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, 
Burgoj'ne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly 
encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at 
once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been 
agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark 
came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the 
scene of action to be able to guide them. 

Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his 
plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, 
the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven 
companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three 
months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him 
to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand 
at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. 

With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather 
to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed 
in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 51 

ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required 
number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their 
own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to 
join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private 
volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he 
navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified 
Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, 
Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may 
yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him 
with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and 
as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to 
the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, 
and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 
24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured 
no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with 
his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go b}'- water as 
far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. 
Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to 
Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he 
intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the 
Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- 
mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the 
United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois 
country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to 
believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the 
most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With 
this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would" 
cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- 
tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. 

The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, 
and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort 
near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without 
the loss of a single man or b}^ killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently 
working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- 
fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the 
great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity 
from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- 
itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked 
for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and 
when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- 
panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place 
surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus 



52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English 
into the possession of Virginia. 

In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a 
powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession 
of the Northwest aed treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- 
daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. 
St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken 
before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that 
he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection 
with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, 
in cora23any with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of 
peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence 
that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to 
the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, 
placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his 
men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, 
erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who 
had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. 
In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature 
of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, 
and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of 
the Old Dominion through their Legislature. 

In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the 
natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- 
giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, 
having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down 
the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing 
the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the 
rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, 
dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- 
ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. 
Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly 
surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at 
the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- 
ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the 
fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to 
the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he .saw the 
force in the garrison. 

Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was 
contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four 
hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 

and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the 
Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he 
saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless 
he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the 
news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- 
ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi 
a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and 
Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. 

On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and 
twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching 
through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring 
rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at 
once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- 
woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the 
intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- 
ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was 
sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. 
During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes 
to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, 
and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General," 
by which he was ever afterward known. 

Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising 
Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being 
apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- 
cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. 
Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in 
uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West 
would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny 
Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from 
the commencement, by the British. 

" But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the 
union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might 
have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." 

At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- 
ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the 
British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- 
Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- 
pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the 
Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, 
marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These 
expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled 
to sue for peace. 



54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia 
were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the 
pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian 
conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed 
to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the 
settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at 
forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature 
sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many 
of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These 
gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and 
continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided 
three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who 
came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 
10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the 
next year (1780^^ the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis- 
sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in 
relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States 
to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right 
to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below 
the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- 
ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- 
ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the 
West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. 

The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a 
friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had 
been friendly to the Colonies during their straggle for independence, 
and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the 
refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the 
satisfaction of both nations. 

The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones 
ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the 
"Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few 
pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians 
and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it 
in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting 
colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the 
inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were 
compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the 
settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable 
manner, they fled the country in great haste. 

About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- 
cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55 

and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New 
York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- 
gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for 
the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress 
during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- 
tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States 
claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. 
This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative 
measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same 
year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might 
have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished 
him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew 
that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 
and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the 
territory. 

Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- 
ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town 
of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of 
American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the . 
United States. 

Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d 
day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United 
States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and 
the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was 
anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies 
were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in 
consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. 
Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of 
American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter 
of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian 
Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the 
frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of 
their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, 
a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. 
For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians 
committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 
1772 in the history of the Northwest. 

During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and 
frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- 
dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, 
many of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious 



56 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. 



frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, 
was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio 
valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, 
in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill 
and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- 




india:ss attacking fiiontieksmen. 

tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the AmericarU 
banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had 
been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- 
querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October 
preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of 
April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 

proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next 
September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle 
was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West 
were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of 
the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; 
thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi 
River; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line 
east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- 
tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and 
thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. 

Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts 
were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these 
was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements 
with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose 
lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by 
the proper treaty. 

To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to 
treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- 
tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the 
year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, liowever, 
not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest 
she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of 
December preceding authorized the whole of her possessions to be deeded 
to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and 
the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. 
To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred 
and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the 
Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region 
opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is uow the dilapidated village of 
Clarksville, about'raidway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- 
son ville, Indiana. 

While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit 
refused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do 
so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring 
of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur 
Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian 
council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in 
appearance. He says : 

" Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who 
live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or 
even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being 
bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- 



58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and 
money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a 
priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." 

Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and 
was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A 
land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take 
defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, 
incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 
1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no 
entries were recorded until 1787. 

The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They 
held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress 
adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the 
surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the 
Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made 
with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made 
in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land 
was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply 
with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel 
their adherence to its provisions, force was used. Daring the year 1786, 
the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused 
various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to 
excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised 
bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the 
unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- 
tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared 
its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded 
between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- 
ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some 
grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- 
necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as 
the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a 
large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once 
took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company 
were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction 
of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 
750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the 
seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on 
the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without 
the reservations. In addition to this. Congress afterward granted 100,000 
acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the 
resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



59 



While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing- 
its claims before Congress, that bod}^ was bringing into form an ordinance 
for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the 
cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. 
A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition 
of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, 
and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina! 
By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states. 




v..<i'«*--^^ 



A PRAIRIE STORM. 



by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten 
states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the 
northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- 
sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- 
potamia and Pelisipia. 

There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of 
names,— the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- 
tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries 
of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles 



60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- 
ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the 
subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into 
not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by 
the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was 
again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year 
and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, 
and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com- 
pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, 
and to it the reader is referred. 

The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company 
was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves 
Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. 
This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, 
being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the 
New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury 
Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following 
year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company 
were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 
23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, 
under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six 
boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur- 
veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- 
ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as 
soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 8d of October, 
had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and 
to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur 
St. Clair Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. 

AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. 

The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com- 
plete, and notwithstanding the uncertaint}^ of Indian affairs, settlers from 
the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England 
Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over 
the Alleghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into 
Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike 
from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter daiys they toiled 
on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had 
been built, and at once started for tlie Muskingum. Here they arrived 
on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded 
as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



61 



Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwast, not having 
yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by 
being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed 
to administer them. 

Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the 
Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under 
such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. 
Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know 
many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- 
lated to promote the welfare of such a community." 







A PIONEKU DAV^ELLING. 



On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held 
on the banks of the Muskingum, " for th§ purpose of naming the new- 
born city and its squares." As yet the settlement was known as the 
"Muskingum,"' but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor 
of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block -houses stood 
was called ''Campus Martius ;'' square number 19, '' CajntoUum T square 
number 61, "• Cecilia T and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra 
Via.'' Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum, 
who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the 
judicial bench of the territory on the IGth of October, 1787. On July 9, 
Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act 
of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest, 



62 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a 
governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon 
the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th 
of July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the 
next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country 
that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the 
County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the 
doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the 
2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing 
ceremonies. 

The emigration westward at this time was very great. Tlie com- 
mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four 
thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb- 
ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the 
"Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been 
ready to receive them. 

On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating 
the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In 
January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest 
in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon 
which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third -of this locality, he 
sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the 
three, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which 
was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouth of which 
they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the 
town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had 
been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in resjDCct to 
its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that 
were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being 
interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os. the 
mouth ; L. of Licking." 

Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse 
teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays- 
ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here 
Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789 
caused the " Point," as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under 
water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers 
removed to the mouth of the Miami. Before Symmes and his colony left 
the " Point," two settlements had l)een made on his purchase. The first 
was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a 
colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami, 
whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



63 



been made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr. 
Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788, 
with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain 
through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they 
were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood 
of 1789. 

On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States 
went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug- 
urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer, 
an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The 
President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General 
Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but 




BEEAKING PRAIRIE. 

was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne, 
Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were 
the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair 
was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians ; but while 
lie was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee, 
he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men. 

General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794, 
he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete 
victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the 
Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the 
treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large 
tract of country was ceded to the United States. 

Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort 
Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati. 
Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the 



64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures, 
known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon- 
chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago, 
Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west 
of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a 
rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of 
strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks 
were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters 
were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished. 
The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an 
acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles. 

The 'logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground 
upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets 
of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, noAv 
Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of 
of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river, 
immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the 
Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by 
small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of 
laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame Iiouse, 
familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of 
the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished 
and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was 
for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments 
of the Northwestern Territory. 

Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec- 
ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain 
from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands. 
These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous 
schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war. 
On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain 
was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured. 

No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlements began 
to pour rapidly into the W^est. The great event of the year 1796 was the 
occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was 
this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British 
forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel 
justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit 
and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were 
called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who 
had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before 
the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head- 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 65 

quarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after 
him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan^ 
and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were 
formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle- 
town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators 
began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland 
was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and 
Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red- 
stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy 
houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous 
to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians, 
Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that 
part of the Northwest. 

The election of representatives for the territory had taken place, 
and on the 4th of Februarj'-, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now 
known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and 
considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom 
the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with 
a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly 
adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named 
the Pj-esident selected as members of the council, Henry Vandenburo-, 
of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob 
Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th 
of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th the two 
houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President 
of the Council. 

The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature 
September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to 
Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes 
cast, being a majority of one over his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of 
Gen. St. Clair. 

The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by 
the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received 
his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to 
the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro- 
tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the 
80th of December tlie President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to tlie 
office of Secretary of the Teiritory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to 
Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day. 



66 THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. 



DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain, 
and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct 
the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action 
of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to 
divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a 
committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. 
This committee, on the 3d of March, reported thai : 

" In the three western countries there has been but one court having 
cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders 
experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim- 
inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements 
in such society. The extreme necessit}^ of judiciary attention and assist- 
ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * Xo 
minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee 
that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and 
separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made 
by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running 
directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States 
and Canada." 

The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its 
suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri- 
tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these : 

" That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of 
the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward 
of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the 
Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north 
until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and 
Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a 
separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory. ' 

After providing for the exercise of the civil and criminal powers of 
the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides: 

" That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the 

'said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the 

seat of government of tlie Territory of the United States northwest of the 

Ohio River ; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the 

seat of government for the Indiana Territory." 

Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana 
Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut 
also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 67 

was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon 
thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven 
hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November 
the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year, 
the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no 
township 'containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of 
October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the 
King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province 
of Louisiana. 

In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char- 
tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western 
colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787, 
newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read 
throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the 
Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern 
territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of 
the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit- 
ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to 
a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a 
census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number, 
and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits, 
and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio, 
so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came 
into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known, 
but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly 
within the territory of Indiana. 

Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties 
with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is 
memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from 
France by the United States for f 16,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode, 
the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of 
country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction 
of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early 
part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits 
of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year 
large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of 
Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the 
College Township in the district of Cincinnati. 

Before the close of the year, Gen. Harrison obtained additional 
grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present 
limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at 
St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the 



68 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in 
and about Detroit. 

C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri- 
tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post : 

" The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles 
square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now, 
from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those 
two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town 
and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four 
acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm. 
Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The 
pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The 
streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right 
angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant." 

During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the sup- 
port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these 
wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to 
fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also, 
a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two 
portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of 
government, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the 
domain of Gen. Harrison. 

On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed, 
Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the 
•<3hange to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire 
occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place. 
When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in 
ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild- 
ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more 
houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built. 

While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade 
of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large 
tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian, 
Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause 
of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the 
settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the 
British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at 
the battle of the Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest, 
we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life, 
and his connection with this conflict. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 



6y 




TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN. 



fO THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812. 

This famous Indian chief was born about the year 1768, not far from 
the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa, 
was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his 
mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same 
people. They removed from Florida about the middle of the last century 
to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be 
chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum- 
seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was 
declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of the 
present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he 
returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In 
1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced 
himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given 
them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chiei 
comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age, 
was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of 
enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas- 
ing, and he Avas, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed 
by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi- 
dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who 
afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first 
house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered 
upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of 
land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the 
Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land 
could be made save by the consent of this confederation. 

He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south 
to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a 
matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect. 

Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move- 
ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was 
forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseli's 
plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning 
artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity. 

During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre- 
paring for the work. In that year. Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty 
with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians 
and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon 
the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71 

as one principal reason that he did not want the Indians to give up any 
lands north and west of the Ohio River. 

Tecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and 
held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly 
angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after 
departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. 

Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief's headquarters at 
Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the 
Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the 
prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten- 
tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped 
near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he 
was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of 
Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken 
up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his 
brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating 
the war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans. 

Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned 
from the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time 
previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go 
as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never 
made. 

In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at 
Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against 
the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his 
people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened with a cold indif- 
ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew 
his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai- 
den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard. 

He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the 
Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was, 
however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow- 
ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan- 
tonly murder the captive. 

In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victor}'' on Lake Erie occurred, and 
shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the 
27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for 
the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai- 
den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand- 
wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of 
the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. 
Mc Arthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. 



72 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

On the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor, 
whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed. 
Early in the engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column 
of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief- 
tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in 
.the Northwest, 




INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADE. 



Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ; 
but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson, 
who fired at him with a pistol, the shot proving fatal. 

In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a 
beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged 
by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His 
plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated 
and he was compelled to flee the country for safety. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 73 

In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a 
treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the 
United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about 
Detroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored 
to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby 
slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts, 
however, all signally failed. 

In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory. 
This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western 
part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year, 
the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and 
then began the events already narrated. 

While this war was in progress, emigration to the West went on with 
surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the 
first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of 
the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the 
" monster." It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the 
close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being 
nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its 
downward trip. 

The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It 
effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not 
fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green- 
ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States 
and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should 
cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such, 
happily, was not the case, and on the 24th of December the treaty 
of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United 
States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various 
Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again 
restored in this part of the new world. 

On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city. 
It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its 
manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed 
to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties 
organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first 
election of state oflficers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings 
was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, and 
on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For 
some time the seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central 
location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana), 
was laid out January 1, 1825. 



74 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was 
chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were 
under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish bran-^ihes 
at different convenient points. 

Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the 
privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the 
northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a 
more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col- 
umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State. 
Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was 
chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state 
the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable 
to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend. 

In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her 
northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich- 
igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes 
was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of 
revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that 
the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to 
navigate the bosom of that inland sea. 

Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War, 
but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were 
opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common, schools were estab- 
lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan 
University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were 
becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended, 
and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the 
record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros- 
perity. ' 

BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in 
the Northwestern his-tory, being the last war with the Indians in this part 
of the United States. 

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal 
Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the 
Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ; 
his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early 
distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted 
to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he 
Went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one 



THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. 



75 




BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN. 



76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

■of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was 
permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the 
head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the 
Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to 
his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce 
battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The 
Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Oherokees 
for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City 
of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of 
the " Medicine Bag," at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation. 
He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the 
head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged 
war "against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled 
successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered. 

Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to 
the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his " Spanish 
Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason, 
he did not want two fathers. 

The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the 
United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines 
Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who 
at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of 
the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was 
garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties 
with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812 
followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by 
giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the 
Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five 
hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on 
his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn Massacre 
' " a few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British 
. ernment but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended 
the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort Howard 
was defeated. 

In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi 
were notified that peace had been declared between the United States 
and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not 
sign any treaty, however, until May of the following year. He then recog- 
nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of 
signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he 
and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life. 

Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 7? 

Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Father of 
Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of 
whicli Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal, 
and was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of 
the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set- 
tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his 
native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and 
his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been 
acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would 
have been prevented. 

Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted 
warrior. He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three 
miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived 
many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them, 
they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their 
time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village 
and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who 
from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From 
one pretext to another, and from one step to another, the crafty white 
men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained 
deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were 
finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the 
lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the 
authorities of Illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he 
was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged 
the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty 
made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to 
enforce his removal, had retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the 
river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On 
the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a 
band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were 
defeated. 

This attack and its result aroused the whites. A large force of men 
was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the 
lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of 
the Indians. On the 24th of June, Black Hawk, with 200 warriors, was 
repulsed by Major Demont between Rock River and Galena. The Ameri- 
can army continued to move up Rock River toward the main body of 
the Indians, and on the 21st of July came upon Black Hawk and his band, 
and defeated them near the Blue Mounds. 

Before this action. Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main 
army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the 

KoTE.— The above Is the Renerally accepted version of the cause of the Black Hawk War, but In our History of 
Jo Daviess County. 111., wo had uccaskn to go to the bottom of this matter, and have, we think, found the actual 
cause of the war, which will be found on page 157. 



78 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the 
Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle 
which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He 
fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites. 

On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con- 
cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they 
ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain 
peaceable .with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi- 
sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that 
Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs 
of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure 
of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons. 

The next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken 
to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe, 
"there to remain until the conduct of their nation was such as to justify 
their being set at liberty." They were retained here until the 4th of 
June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal 
cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white 
people. Everywhere they were observed by thousands, the name of the 
old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they 
reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon 
after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth- 
place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village 
where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had 
hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer. 

On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and 
his lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder 
of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re- 
mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among 
the Indians, living with her upward of forty years. 

Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel- 
ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all 
times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten- 
tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County, 
Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem. 
In September, 1838, while on his way to Rock Island to receive his 
annuity from the Government, he contracted a severe cold which resulted 
in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 3. 
His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned cleeply 
during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform pre- 
sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried io 
a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 79 

body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a 
seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him 
by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it. 
Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some 
Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons." 

No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began 
rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, 
now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had 
grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence. 
In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed, 
but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became 
a part of the Federal Union. 

The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of 
Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial 
wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this 
region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 1830 was 
made a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State 
was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a 
State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various, 
divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from 
the time it was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances 
compelled its present division. 

OTHER INDIAN TROUBLES. 

Before leaving this part of the narrative, we will narrate briefly the 
Indian troubles in Minnesota and elsewhere b}^ the Sioux Indians. 

In August, 1862, the Sioux Indians living on the western borders of 
Minnesota fell upon the unsuspecting settlers, and in a few hours mas- 
sacred ten or twelve hundred persons. A distressful panic was the 
immediate result, fully thirty thousand persons fleeing from their homes 
to districts supposed to be better protected. The military authorities 
at once took active measures to punish the savages, and a large number 
were killed and captured. About a year after, Little Crow, the chief, 
was killed by a Mr. Lampson near Scattered Lake. Of those captured, 
thirty were hung at Mankato, and the remainder, through fears of. mob 
violence, were removed to Camp McClellan, on the outskirts of the City 
of Davenport. It was here that Big Eagle came into prominence and 
secured his release by the following order : 



80 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 




BIG EAGLE. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 81 

"Special Order, No. 430. "War Department, 

" Adjutant General's Office, Washington, Dec. 3, 1864. 

'•Big Eagle, an Indian now in confinement at Davenport, lovva,^ 
will, upon the receipt of this order, be immediately released from confine- 
ment and set at liberty. 

" By order of the President of the United States. 
" Official : " E. D. Townsend, AssH Adft aen. 

" Capt. James Vanderventer, Corny Sub. Vols. 

" Through Com'g Gen'l, Washington, D. C." 

Another Indian who figures more prominently than Big Eagle, and 
who was more cowardly in his nature, with his band of Modoc Indians, 
is noted in the annals of tlie New Northwest: we refer to Captain Jack. 
This distinguished Indian, noted for his cowardly murder of Gen. Canby^ 
was a chief of a Modoc tribe of Indians inhabiting the border lands 
between California and Oregon. This region of country comprises what 
is known as the " Lava Beds," a tract of land described as utterly impene- 
trable, save by those savages who had made it their home. 

The Modocs are known as an exceedingly fierce and treacherous 
race. They had, according to their own traditions, resided here for many 
generations, and at one time were exceedingly numerous and powerful. 
A famine carried off nearly half their numbers, and disease, indolence 
and the vices of the white man have reduced them to a poor, weak and 
insignificant tribe. 

Soon after the settlement of California and Oregon, complaints began 
to be heard of massacres of emigrant trains passing through the Modoc 
country. In 1847, an emigrant train, comprising eighteen souls, was en- 
tirely destroyed at a place since known as " Bloody Point." These occur- 
rences caused the United States Government to appoint a peace commission^ 
who, after repeated attempts, in 1864, made a treaty with the Modocs, 
Snakes and Klamaths, in which it was agreed on their part to remove to 
a reservation set apart for them in the southern part of Oregon. 

With the exception of Captain Jack and a band of his followers, who 
remained at Clear Lake, about six miles from Klamath, all the Indians 
complied. The Modocs who went to the reservation were under chief 
Schonchin. Captain Jack remained at the lake without disturbance 
until 1869, when he was also induced to remove to the reservation. The 
Modocs and the Klamaths soon became involved in a quarrel, and Captain 
Jack and his band returned to the Lava Beds. 

Several attempts were made by the Indian Commissioners to induce 
them to return to the reservation, and finally becoming involved in a 



82 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

difficulty with the commissioner and his military escort, a fight ensued, 
in which the chief and his band were routed. They were greatly enraged, 
and on their retreat, before the day closed, killed eleven inoffensive whites. 

The nation was aroused and immediate action demanded. A com- 
mission was at once appointed by the Government to see what could be 
done. It comprised the following persons : Gen. E. R. S. Canby^ Rev. 
Dr. E. Thomas, a leading Methodist divine of California; Mr. A. B. 
Meacham, Judge Rosborough, of California, and a Mr. Dyer, of Oregon. 
After several interviews, in which the savages were always aggressive, 
often appearing with scalps in their belts. Bogus Charley came to the 
commission on the evening of April 10, 1873, and informed them that 
Capt. Jack and his band would have a " talk " to-morrow at a place near 
Clear Lake, about three miles distant. Here the Commissioners, accom- 
panied by Charley, Riddle, the interpreter, and Boston Charley repaired. 
After the usual greeting the council proceedings commenced. On behalf 
of the Indians there were present : Capt. Jack, Black Jim, Schnac Nasty 
Jim, Ellen's Man, and Hooker Jim. They had no guns, but carried pis- 
tols. After short speeches by Mr. Meacham, Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas, 
Chief Schonchiu arose to speak. He had scarcely proceeded when, 
as if by a ^preconcerted arrangement, Capt. Jack drew his pistol and shot 
Gen. Canby dead. In less than a minute a dozen shots were fired by the 
savages, and the massacre completed. Mr. Meacham was shot by Schon- 
chin, and Dr. Thomas by Boston Charley. Mr. Dyer barely escaped, being 
fired at twice. Riddle, the interpreter, and his squaw escaped. The 
troops rushed to the spot where they found Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas 
dead, and Mr. Meacham badly wounded. The savages had escaped to 
their impenetrable fastnesses and could not be pursued. 

The whole country was aroused by this brutal massacre ; but it was 
not until the following May that the murderers were brought to justice. 
At that time Boston Charley gave himself up, and offered to guide the 
troops to Capt. Jack's stronghold. This led to the capture of his entire 
gang, a number of whom were murdered hy Oregon volunteers while on 
their way to trial. The remaining Indians were held as prisoners until 
July when their trial occurred, which led to the conviction of Capt. 
Jack, Schonchiu, Boston Charley, Hooker Jim, Broncho, alias One-Eyed 
Jim, and Slotuck, who were sentenced to be hanged. These sentences 
were approved by the President, save in the case of Slotuck and Broncho 
whose sentences were commuted to imprisonment for life. The others 
were executed at Fort Klamath, October 3, 1873. 

These closed the Indian troubles for a time in the Northwest, and for 
several years the borders of civilization remained in peace. They were 
again involved in a conflict with the savages about the country of the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 




CAPTAIN JACK, THE MODOC CHIEFTAIN. 



jJ4 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

Black Hills, in which war the gallant Gen. Custer lost his Hfe. Just 
now the borders of Oregon and California are again in fear of hostilities ; 
but as the Government has learned how to deal with the Indians, they 
will be of short duration. The red man is fast passing away before the 
march of the white man, and a few more generations will read of the 
Indians as one of the nations of the past. 

The Northwest abounds in memorable places. We have generally 
noticed them in the narrative, but our space forbids their description in 
detail, save of the most important places. Detroit, Cincinnati, Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia and their kindred towns have all been described. But ere we 
leave the narrative we will present our readers with an account of the 
Kinzie house, the old landmark of Chicago, and the discovery of the 
source of the Mississippi River, each of which may well find a place in 
the annals of the Northwest. 

Mr. John Kinzie, of the Kinzie house, represented in the illustra- 
tion, established a trading house at Fort Dearborn in 1804. The stockade 
had been erected the year previous, and named Fort Dearborn in honor 
of the Secretary of War. It had a block house at each of the two angles, 
on the southern side a sallyport, a covered way on the north side, that led 
down to the river, for the double purpose of providing means of escape, 
and of procuring water in the event of a siege. 

Fort Dearborn stood on the south bank of the Chicago River, about 
half a mile from its mouth. When Major Whistler built it, his soldiers 
hauled all the timber, for he had no oxen, and so economically did he 
work that the fort cost the Government only fifty dollars. For a while 
the garrison could get no grain, and Whistler and his men subsisted on 
acorns. Now Chicago is the greatest grain center in the world. 

Mr. Kinzie bought the hut of the first settler, Jean Baptiste Point au 
Sable, on the site of which he erected his mansion. Within an inclosure 
in front he planted some Lombardy poplars, seen in the engraving, and in 
the rear he soon had a fine garden and growing orchard. 

In 1812 the Kinzie house and its surroundings became the theater 
of stirring events. The garrison of Fort Dearborn consisted of fifty-four 
men, under the charge of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant 
Lenai T. Helm (son-in-law to Mrs. Kinzie), and Ensign Ronan. The 
surgeon was Dr. Voorhees. The only residents at the post at that time 
were the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieutenant Helm and a few of the 
soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a fcAv Canadian voyagers with their 
wives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most 
friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and the Winnebagoes, the prin- 
cipal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attach- 
ment to the British. 



THE NORTHWEST TERRTTORY. 



85 



After the battle of Tippecanoe it was observed that some of the lead- 
ing chiefs became sullen, for some of their people had perished in that 
conflict with American troops. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing his violin and his 
children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing into 
the house pale with terror, and exclaiming, " The Indians ! the Indians ! " 
" What ? Where ? " eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. " Up at Lee's, killing 
and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, when the alarm was 
given, was attending Mrs. Burns, a newly-made mother, living not far off. 




KINZIE HOUSE. 

Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river in boats, and took refuge in 
the fort, to which place Mrs. Burns and her infant, not a day old, were 
conveyed in safety to the shelter of the guns of Fort Dearborn, and the 
rest of the white inhabitants fled. The Indians were a scalping party of 
Winnebagoes, who hovered around the fort some days, when they dis- 
appeared, and for several weeks the inhabitants were not disturbed by 
alarms. 

Chicago was then so deep in the wilderness, that the news of the 
declaration of war against Great Britain, made on the 19th of June, 1812, 
did not reach the commander of the garrison at Fort Dearborn till the 7th 
of August. Now the fast mail train will carry a man from New York to 
Chicago in twenty -seven hours, and such a declaration might be sent, 
every word, by the telegraph in less than the same number of minutes. 



86 



THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. 



PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST. 

Preceding chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk 
war, and we now turn to the contemplation of the growth and prosperity 
of the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili- 
zation. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow 




A EEPRESENTATIVE PIONEER. 



of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The 
inciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in 
the '30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the 
region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the 
Black Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then 
had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the 
former city to Kaskaskia led almost through a wilderness. Vegetables 
and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoining the 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



87 



lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in 
Illinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation, 
and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over 
the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south 
ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind 




them but one small railway in the coal regions, thirty miles in length, 
and made their way to the Northwest mostly with ox teams, finding in 
Northern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the 
southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The 
water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the 
second great army of immigrants, and about 1850 railroads were 
pushed to that extent that the crisis of 18.37 was precipitated upon us. 



88 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



from the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered 
at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies 
fully alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting 

i,i|.ii„i4>,MI11'BnNi\V |/| 




the vast armies of the Union fell largely to the Governors of the Western 
States. The struggle, on the whole, had a marked effect for the better on the 
new Northwest, giving it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have 
produced. In a large degree, this prosperity was an inflated one; and, with 
the rest of the Union, we have since been compelled to atone therefor by four 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 89 

years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of 
fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining 
regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its 
end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in oyr industries, has been 
quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers have 
cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of 
fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and 
sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is 
becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from 
the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the 
seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. 

At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the 
Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works 
of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the 
purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving the 
nation at large. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid 
fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines 
of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies. 
The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer 
season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates; but experienced 
navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard 
the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has 
become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West 
Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi 
and Missouri. 

As to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly, 
and our schools would be creditable to any section of the Union. 

More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the 
fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the 
next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi 
absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward 
securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location. 

Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain- 
ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that 
for the past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the 
principles which should govern the country. 

In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for 
generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one 
can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements 
of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may 
bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on 
a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of 



90 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

the same radical change in our great Northwest which characterizes its 
history for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural 
geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the 
cattle raising districts of the southwest. 

Our prime interest will for some years doubtless be the growth of 
the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all 
competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile 
plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new 
empire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions there is a 
continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must 
look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of 
the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe, 
many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and 
transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new 
enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in 
Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European 
consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense. 
English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway 
loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in 
lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East 
St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily 
grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro- 
gressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality 
of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing 
display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest 
in the matter is on the increase. 

To attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would 
be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and 
quality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving 
the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity 
to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at 
the outbreak of the great panic of 1873, when Canadian purchasers, 
fearing the prostration of business might bring about an anarchical condition 
of affairs, went to that city with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure 
their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly 
claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave 
the nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries, 
and their labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the 
government was able to reach hy its most intense efforts of legislation 
and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for 
farm products have already, by the anticipation common to all commercial 



I 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITOBY. 



91 



nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so 
long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone. 

Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bids 
fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly 



» 




our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time 
support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As 
to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except 
food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly 
increasing beyond those of any other region. 



92 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 

The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the 
panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the 
depression of tlie times caused almost a total suspension of operations. 
Now that prosperity is returning to our stricken country we witness its 
anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions, 
and leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities. 
The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter 
to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly 
transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for 
the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting 
through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the 
northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a 
thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes 
to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger 
agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as 
as far as the interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge 
structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by 
the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre- 
gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee 
and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines 
running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with 
the states to the southward. The chief projects now under discussion 
are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to 
Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con- 
nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our 
latest new road is the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines, 
and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne 
and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in operation, the 
piogress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches, 
and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as 
this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order 
of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the 
railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern 
lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now 
being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and 
their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages. 

Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade 
of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold $24,000,000 of 
dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add 
seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots 
and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have 
placed here their distributing agents or their factories ; and in groceries 



THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 



93 



Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages 
over New York. 

Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a 
financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle 
regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti- 
tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months, 
they are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the 
prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial 
operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on 
behalf of home interests. 

It is impossible to forecast thp destiny of this grand and growing 
section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might 
seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision. 




I 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 



95 



¥ 



CHICAGO. 

It is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch 
of such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the 
Prairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water, 
and next of fire ; sown in weakness, and raised in power ; planted among 
the willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains ; 
sleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea , 




CUICAG-O IJV I600. 



the youngest city of the world, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas- 
cus, the oldest city of the world, is the eye of the desert. With a com- 
merce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to 
the East ; with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou- 
sand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber ; 



96 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

with schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens : with liberties more con- 
spicuous than those of the old republics ; with a heroism equal to the first 
Carthage, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem — set 
your thoughts on all this, lifted into the eyes of all men by the miracle of 
its growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the 
divinity of its resurrection, and you will feel, as I do, the utter impossi- 
bility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her 
importance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized 
world. 

When the doubt of her calamity was removed, and the horrid fact 
was accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all 
lands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not 
shake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red- 
dened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All 
eyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the 
scenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Therraopyloe, or 
Salarais, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill. 

Its calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the common 
property of mankind. 

The early history of the city' is full of interest, just as the early his- 
tory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property, 
and is cherished by every patriot. 

Starting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000 
acres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com- 
mands general attention. 

The first settler — Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the 
West Indies — came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John 
Kinzie became his successor in 1804, in which year Fort Dearborn was 
erected. 

A mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time 
of the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a 
cock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set- 
tlement about the fort was incorporated as a town. The voters were 
divided on the propriety of such corporation, twelve voting for it and one 
against it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced 
660 acres. 

The produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain 
and flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first 
exportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports 
first in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so 
weak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the 
wagon-load in the street. 

I remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 97 

line of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the 
bags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of 
business had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators 
will hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce 
handled in a year is $215,000,000, and the produce weighs 7,000,000 
tons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each 
minute, all the year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United 
States is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of 
grain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in 
1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and 
doubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest grain 
markets in Europe. 

The manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In 
1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives ; in 1876, 60,000. The 
manufactured product in 1875 was worth $177,000,000. 

No estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate 
that did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came 
thundering along our streets canals were the hope of our country. But 
who ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets? In June, 1852, 
there were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The 
old Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now, 
who can count the tra,ins and measure the roads that seek a terminus or 
connection in this city ? The lake stretches away to the north, gathering 
in to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north 
of us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads, 
you will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the world, 
as New York is the commercial city of this continent ; and, second, that 
the railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is 
this city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this 
seems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See 
the eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections. 

Pass round the circle, and view their numbers and extent. There 
is the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping 
along the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior 
regions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left, 
swinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months 
in the year, and reaching oat for the wealth of the great agricultural 
belt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another 
branch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State. 
Another pushing lower down the Mississippi — all these make many con- 
nections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
Iowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road, 
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, running out a goodly number of 



98 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




OLD FORT DEARBORN, 1830. 




PRESENT SITE OF LAKE STREET BRIDGE, CHICAGO, IN 1833. 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 99 

branches, and reaping the great fields this side of tlie Missouri River. 
I can only mention the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, our Illinois Central, 
described elsewhere, and the Chicago & Rock Island. Further around 
we come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The 
Chicago, Indianapolis & St. Louis, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & 
Chicago, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen- 
tral and Great Western, give us many highways to the seaboard. Thus we 
reach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf 
itself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts- 
burgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water 
courses of the lakes and the rivers, broken just enough at this point to 
make a pass. Through this, from east to west, run the long lines that 
stretch from ocean to ocean. 

This is the neck of the glass, and the golden sands of commerce 
must pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles 
of railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth 
in our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible 
instinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure 
one of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her 
citizens, and that taken simply as an investment. Coming in the natural 
order of events, they will not be easily diverted. 

There is still another showing to all this. The connection between 
New York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit- 
ably through Cliicago. St. Louis wants the Southern Pacific or Kansas 
Pacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne. 
But before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to 
Kansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav- 
ing St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota, 
Montana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi- 
cago. 

But these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or 
fifteen new roads that have just entered, or are .just entering, our city. 
Their names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago & St. Paul, look- 
ing up the Red River country to the British possessions , the Chicago, 
Atlantic & Pacific ; the Chicago, Decatur & State Line ; the Baltimore & 
Ohio; the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes^ the Chicago & LaSalle Rail- 
road ; the Chicago, Pittsburgh & Cincinnati : the Chicago and Canada 
Southern ; the Chicago and Illinois River Railroad. These, with their 
connections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in 
process of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new 
tributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be 
added to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not 
less than $1,000,000,000. 



100 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

Add to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine 
minutes of the business hours of the season of navigation ; add, also, the 
canal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time — and 
you will see something of the business of the city. 

THE COMMERCE OF THIS CITY 

has been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country 
around us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of 
820,000,000. In 1870 it reached i-100,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed 
up above $150,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that. 

One-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain 
enough is exported directly from our docks to the old world to employ a 
semi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This branch is 
not likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal 
is completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean 
vessels will continue to control the trade. 

The banking capital of Chicago is $24,431,000. Total exchange in 
1875, $659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was $294,000,000. 
The rate of taxes is less than in any other great city. 

The schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu- 
lation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six 
and twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record. 

In 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went 
on foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what papers 
and news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often only one mail 
a week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post- 
master nailed up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes 
for the nabobs and literary men. 

It is an interesting fact in the growth of the young city that in the 
active life of the business men of that day the mail matter has grown to 
a daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the 
intelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place, 
that the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to 
Chicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory 
immediately tributary to St. Louis. 

The improvements that have characterized the city are as startling 
as the city itself. In 1831, Mark Beaubien established a ferry over the 
river, and put himself under bonds to carry all the citizens free for the 
privilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large brido-es 
and two tunnels. 

In 1833 the government expended $30,000 on the harbor. Then 
commenced that series of mauceuvers with the river that has made it one 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 101 

of the world's curiosities. It used to wind around in the lower end of 
the town, and make its way rippling over the sand into the lake at the 
foot of Madison street. They took it up and put it down where it now 
is. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts 
had to go up through the willows and cat's tails to the point near Lake 
street bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in 
which to turn around. 

In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank 
roads, which acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping you 
out of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The 
wooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was 
delivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty-five horse- 
power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets 
till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The 
first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859. 
Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association was organized in 1858, and horse railroads carried them 
to their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm 
telegraph adopted in 1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city 
grew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes 
amounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed |60 more for 
opening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan 
of $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather than 
plunge the town into such a gulf. 

Now the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has 30 miles 
of water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed 
by a crib sea-wall. One-third of the city has been raised up an average 
of eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water 
of the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels 
extending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy- 
sis fails to detect any,impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface, 
it is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in 
diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per 
day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long, 
running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal- 
lons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water- 
mains. 

The three grand engineering exploits of the city are : First, lifting 
the city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting 
the business, thus giving us good drainage ; second, running the tunnels 
under the lake, giving us the best water in the world ; and third, the 
turning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the 
old abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about 



102 HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

equally to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and 
to the health of the city. 

That wliich really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul, 
the way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been 
touched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely 
women marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk- 
ward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch- 
ed, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire them. 
But when once they are aroused on some subject, they put on new pro- 
portions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out 
from its unseemly ambush, and captures us at will. They have power. 
They have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder 
why they are in such high demand. So it is with our city. 

There is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of Avater, the 
other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it, a push, a breadth, 
a power, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon 
ceases to believe in impossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are 
disappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has 
been there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all 
the capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation. 

The two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are, 
first, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and 
receiving points ; second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that 
do this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities. 
They neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Both 
these laws help Chicago. 

The tide of trade is eastward — not up or down the map, but across 
the map. The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the 
business. Commerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year, 
and the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the 
great region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping 
south into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis- 
tricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati, 
instead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of 
dominion. They are far enough away to give sea-room, — farther off than 
Paris is from London, — and yet they are near enough to prevent the 
springing up of any other great city between them. 

St. Louis will be helped by the opening of the Mississippi, but also 
hurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running 
over into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up 
the Texas and Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea- 
port at New Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis. 

Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of one- 



HISTORY OP THE NORTHWEST. 103 

fourth of the territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast 
divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, 
Baltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created for the 
South in the next decade. But Chicago has a dozen empires casting their 
treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery 
of the world for 500 centuries ; in a garden that can feed the race by the 
thousand years; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a 
summer resort equaled by no great city in the land ; with a climate that 
insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits 
of natural wealth in mines aud forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder 
of to-day, and will be the city of the future. 

MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN. 

During the war of 1812, Fort Dearborn became the theater of stirring 
<9vents. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of 
Captain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs. 
Kinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi- 
dents at the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu- 
tenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and 
a few Canadian voyageurs^ with their wives and children. The soldiers 
and Mr. Kinzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies 
and Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not 
win them from their attachment to the British. 

One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and 
his children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing 
into the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming : " The Indians ! the 
Indians!" "What? Where?" eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. "Up 
at Lee's, killing and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who, 
when the alarm was given, was attending Mrs. Barnes (just confined) 
living not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took 
refuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day 
old were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the 
fort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who 
hovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and for several 
weeks the inhabitants were undisturbed. 

On the 7th of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to 
Captain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United 
States property to the Indians in the neighborhood — a most insane order. 
The Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom 
than the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make 
the distribution. Said he : " Leave the fort and stores as they are, and 
let the Indians make distribution for themselves ; and while they are 
engaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne." 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 105 

Captain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon of 
the 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed 
that treachery was designed — that the Indians intended to murder the 
white people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain 
Heald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displaying a 
cannon pointing directly upon the council, and by that means saved 
his life. 

Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not 
to confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions among 
them, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites. 
Acting upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of 
war ; and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other 
property had been made, the powder, ball and liquors were thrown into 
the river, the muskets broken up and destroyed. 

Black Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said : 
*' Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the 
march you are going to take." On that dark night vigilant Indians had 
crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty 
going on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the 
surface of the river. The savages were exasperated and made loud com- 
plaints and threats. 

On the following day when preparations were making to leave the 
fort, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend- 
ing danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon 
the Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far 
distant, with a band of mounted Miamis, of whose tribe he was chief, 
having been adopted by the famous Miami warrior. Little Turtle. When 
news of Hull's surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this 
force to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late. 
Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and 
arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the morning of the 15th. 

It was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications 
were positive that the savages intended to murder the white people ; and 
when they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was 
like a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa- 
sion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. 

Capt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token 
of his fate, took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt. 
Heald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped b}'" his 
personal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied 
them, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendly Indian, to be 
taken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event of 
his death. 



106 



HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 




HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 107 

The procession moved slowly along the lake shore till they reached 
the sand-hills between the prairie and the beach, when the Pottawattamie 
escort, under the leadership of Blackbird, filed to the right, placing those 
hills between them and the white people. Wells, with his Miamis, had 
kept in the advance. They suddenly came rushing back, Wells exclaim- 
ing, " They are about to attack us ;' form instantly." These words were 
quickly followed by a storm of bullets, which came whistling over the 
little hills which the treacherous savages had made the covert for their 
murderous attack. The white troops charged upon the Indians, drove 
them back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged between fifty- 
four soldiers, twelve civilians and three or four women (the cowardly 
Miamis having fled at the outset) against five hundred Indian warriors. 
The white people, hopeless, resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible. 
Ensign Ronan wielded his weapon vigorously, even after falling upon his 
knees weak from the loss of blood. Capt. Wells, who was by the side of 
his niece, Mrs. Heald, when the conflict began, behaved with the greatest 
coolness and courage. He said to her, " We have not the slightest chance 
for life. We must part to meet no more in this world. God bless you." 
And then he dashed forward. Seeing a young warrior, painted like a 
demon, climb into a wagon in which were twelve children, and tomahawk 
them all, he cried out, unmindful of his personal danger, " If that is your 
game, butchering women and children, I will kill too." He spurred his 
horse towards the Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and 
papooses, hotly pursued by swift-footed young warriors, who sent bullets 
whistling after him. One of these killed his horse and wounded him 
severely in the leg. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him 
their prisoner and reserve him for torture. He resolved not to be made 
a captive, and by the use of the most provoking epithets tried to induce 
them to kill him instantly. He called a fiery young chief a squaiu, when 
'the enraged warrior killed Wells instantly with his tomahawk, jumped 
upon his body, cut out his heart, and ate a portion of the warm morsel 
with savage delight ! 

In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. Mrs. Heald 
was an excellent equestrian and an expert in the use of the rifle. She 
fought the savages bravely, receiving several severe wounds. Though 
faint from the loss of blood, she managed to keep her saddle. A savage 
raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face, 
and with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice said, in his own language, 
" Surely you will not kill a squaw ! " The arm of the savage fell, and 
the life of the heroic woman was saved. 

Mrs. Helm, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, had an encounter with 
a stout Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, 
she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same instant. 



108 • HISTORY OF THE NORTHWEST. 

seized the savage round the neck with her arms and endeavored to get 
hold of his scalping knife, which hung in a sheath at his breast. While 
she was thus struggling she was dragged from her antagonist by anc':hei 
powerful Indian, who bore her, in spite of her struggles, to the margin 
of the lake and plunged her in. To her astonishment she was held by 
him so that she would not drown, and she soon perceived that she was 
in the hands of the friendly Black Partridge, who had saved her life. 

The wife of Sergeant Holt, a large and powerful woman, behaved as 
bravely as an Amazon. She rode a fine, high-spirited horse, which the 
Indians coveted, and several of them attacked her with the butts of their 
guns, for the purpose of dismounting her ; but she used the sword which 
she had snatched from her disabled husband so skillfully that she foiled 
them ; and, suddenly wheeling her horse, she dashed over the prairie, 
followed by the savages shouting, " The brave woman ! the brave woman ! 
Don't hurt her ! '* They finally overtook her, and while she was fighting 
them in front, a powerful savage came up behind her, seized her by the 
neck and dragged her to the ground. Horse and woman were made 
captives. Mrs. Holt was a long time a captive among the Indians, but 
was afterwards ransomed. 

In this sharp conflict two-thirds of the white people were slain and 
wounded, and all their horses, baggage and provision were lost. Only 
twenty-eight straggling men now remained to fight five hundred Indians 
rendered furious hy the sight of blood. They succeeded in breaking 
through the ranks of the murderers and gaining a slight eminence on the 
prairie near the Oak Woods. The Indians did not pursue, but gathered 
on their flanks, while the chiefs held a consultation on the sand-hills, and 
showed signs of willingness to parley. It would have been madness on 
the part of the whites to renew the fight ; and so Capt. Heald went for- 
ward and met Blackbird on the open prairie, where terms of surrender 
were soon agreed upon. It was arranged that the white people should 
give up their arms to Blackbird, and that the survivors should become 
prisoners of war, to be exchanged for ransoms as soon as practicable. 
With this understanding captives and captors started for the Indian 
camp near the fort, to which Mrs. Helm had been taken bleeding and 
suffering by Black Partridge, and had met her step-father and learned 
that her husband was safe. 

A new scene of horror Avas now opened at the Indian camp. The 
wounded, not being included in the terms of surrender, as it was inter- 
preted by the Indians, and the British general, Proctor, having offered a 
liberal bounty for American scalps, delivered at Maiden, nearly all the 
wounded men were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was 
afterwards paid by the British government. 



THE STATE OF IOWA. 



GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION. 

The State of Iowa has an outline figure nearly approaching that of a rec- 
tangular parallelogram, the northern and southern boundaries being nearly due 
east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries determined by 
southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east, and the Missouri, together 
with its tributary, the Big Sioux, on the west. The northern boundary is upon 
the parallel of forty-three degrees thirty minutes, and the southern is approxi- 
mately upon that of forty degrees and thirty-six minutes. The distance from 
the northern to the southern boundary, excluding the small prominent angle at 
the southeast corner, is a little more than two hundred miles. Owing to the 
irregularity of the river boundaries, however, the number of square miles does 
not reach that of the multiple of these numbers ; but according to a report of 
the Secretary of the Treasury to the United States Senate, March 12, 1863, 
the State of Iowa contains 35,228,200 acres, or 55,044 square miles. When it 
is understood that all this vast extent of surface, except that which is occupied 
'bj our rivers, lakes and peat beds of the northern counties, is susceptible of the 
highest cultivation, some idea may be formed of the immense agricultural 
resources of the State. Iowa is nearly as large as England, and twice as lai'ge 
as Scotland; but when we consider the relative area of surface which may be 
made to yield to the wants of man, those countries of the Old World will bear 
no comparison with Iowa. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

No complete topographical survey of the State of Iowa has yet been made. 
Therefore all the knowledge we have yet upon the subject has been obtained 
from incidental observations of geological corps, from barometrical observations 
by authority of the General Government, and levelings done by railroad en- 
gineer corps within the State. 

Taking into view the facts that the highest point in the State is but a little 
more than twelve hundred feet above the lowest point, that these two points are 
nearly three hundred miles apart, and that the whole State is traversed by 
109 



110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gently flowing rivers, it will be seen that in reality the State of Iowa rests 
wholly within, and comprises a part of, a vast plain, with no mountain or hill 
ranges within its borders. 

A clearer idea of the great uniformity of the surface of the State may be 
obtained from a statement of the general slopes in feet per mile, from point to 
point, in straight lines across it : 

From the N. E. corner to the S. E. corner of the State 1 foot 1 inch per mile. 

From the N. E. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feet 5 inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to Spirit Lake 5 feetO inches per mile. 

From the N. W. corner to the S. W. corner of the State 2 feet inches per mile. 

From the S. W corner to the highest ridge between the two 

great rivers (in Ringgold County) 4 feet 1 inch per mile 

From the dividing ridge in the S. E. corner of the State 5 feet 7 inches per mile. 

From the highest point in the State (near Spirit Lake) to the 
lowest point in the State (at the mouth of Des Moines 
River) 4 feet inches per mile. 

It will be seen, therefore, that there is a good degree of propriety in regard- 
ing the whole State as a part of a great plain, the lowest point of which within 
its borders, the southeast corner of the State, is only 444 feet above the level of 
the sea. The average height of the whole State above the level of the sea is 
not far from eight hundred feet, although it is more than a thousand miles 
inland from the nearest sea coast. These remarks are, of course, to be under- 
stood as applying to the surface of the State as a whole. When we come to 
consider its surface feature in detail, we find a great diversity of surface by the 
formation of valleys out of the general level, which have been evolved by the 
action of streams during the unnumbered years of the terrace epoch. 

It is in the northeastern part of the State that the river valleys are deepest ; 
consequently the country there has the greatest diversity of surface, and its 
physical features are most strongly marked. 

DRAINAGE SYSTEM. 

The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers form the eastern and western bounda- 
ries of the State, and receive the eastern and western drainage of it. 

The eastern drainage system comprises not far from two-thirds of the en- 
tire surface of the State. The great watershed which divides these two systems 
is formed by the highest land between those rivers along the whole length of a 
line running southward from a point on the northern boundary line of the State 
near Spirit Lake, in Dickinson County, to a nearly central point in the northern 
part of Adair County. 

From the last named point, this highest ridge of land, between the two great 
rivers, continues southward, without change of character, through Ringgold 
County into the State of Missouri ; but southward from that point, in Adair 
County, it is no longer the great watershed. From that point, another and 
lower ridge bears off more nearly southeastward, through the counties of Madi- 
son, Clarke, Lucas and Appanoose, and becomes itself the great watershed. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 

RIVERS. 

All Streams that rise in Iowa rise upon the incoherent surface deposits, 
occupying at first only slight depressions in the surface, and scarcely percept- 
ible. These successively coalesce to form the streams. 

The drift and bluff deposits are both so thick in Iowa that its streams not 
only rise upon their surface, but they also reach considerable depth into these 
deposits alone, in some cases to a depth of nearly two hundred feet from the 
general prairie level. 

The majority of streams that constitute the western system of Iowa drainage 
run, either along the whole or a part of their course, upon that peculir deposit 
known as bluff deposit. Their banks are often, even of the small streams, 
from five to ten feet in height, quite perpendicular, so that they make the 
streams almost everywhere unfordable, and a great impediment to travel across 
the open country where tliere are no bridges. 

The material of this deposit is of a slightly yellowish ash color, except 
where darkened by decaying vegetation, very fine and silicious, but not sandy, 
not very cohesive, and not at all plastic. It forms excellent soil, and does not 
bake or crack in drying, except limy concretions, which are generally dis- 
tributed throughout the mass, in shape and size resembling pebbles ; not a 
stone or pebble can be found in the whole deposit. It was called " silicious 
marl " by Dr. Owen, in his geological report to the General Government, and 
its origin referred to an accumulation of sediment in an ancient lake, which 
was afterward drained, when its sediment became dry land. Prof Swallaw 
gives it the name of "bluff," which is here adopted; the term Lacustral would 
have been better. The peculiar properties of this deposit are that it will stand 
securely with a precipitous front two hundred feet high, and yet is easily 
excavated with a spade. Wells dug in it require only to be walled to a point just 
above the water line. Yet, compact as it is, it is very porous, so that water 
which falls on its surface docs not remain, but percolates through it; neither 
does it accumulate within its mass, as it does upon the surface of and within 
the drift and the stratified formations. 

The bluff deposit is known to occupy a region through which the Missouri 
runs almost centrally, and measures, as far as is known, more than two hun- 
dred miles in length and nearly one hundred miles in width. The thickest 
part yet known in Iowa is in Fremont County, where it reaches two hundred 
feet. The boundaries of this deposit in Iowa are nearly as follows : Com- 
mencing at the southeast corner of Fremont County, follow up the watershed 
between the East Nishnabotany and the West Tarkio Rivers to the southern 
boundary of Cass County ; thence to the center of Audubon County ; thence 
to Tip Top Station, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway ; thence by a 
broad curve westward to the northwest corner of Plymouth County. 

This deposit is composed of fine sedimentary particles, similar to tfiat 
which the Missouri River now deposits from its waters, and is the same which 



112 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF IOWA. 

that river did deposit in a broad depression in the surface of the drift that 
formed a hike-like expansion of that river in the earliest period of the history 
of its valley. That lake, as shown by its deposit, which now remains, was 
about one hundred miles wide and more than twice as long. The water of the 
river was muddy then, as now, and the broad lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment which the river brought down, before its valley had enough in the lower 
portion of its course to drain it. After the lake became filled with the sedi- 
ment, the valley below became deepened by the constant erosive action of the 
waters, to a depth of more than sufficient to have drained the lake of its first 
waters ; but the only effect then was to cause it to cut its valley out of the de- 
posits its own muddy waters had formed. Thus along the valley of that river, 
so far as it forms the western boundary of Iowa, the bluffs which border it are 
composed of that sediment known as bluff deposit, forming a distinct border 
alono-the broad, level flood plain, the width of which varies from five to fifteen 
miles, while the original sedimentary deposit stretches far inland. 

All the rivers of the western system of drainage, except the Missouri itself, 
are quite incomplete as rivers, in consequence of their being really only 
branches of other larger tributaries of that great river , or, if they empty into 
the Missouri direct, they have yet all the usual characteristics of Iowa rivers, 
from their sources to their mouths. 

CJiariton and G-rand Rivers both rise and run for the first twenty-five miles 
of their courses upon the drift deposit alone. The first strata that are exposed 
by the deepening valleys of both these streams belong to the upper coal meas- 
ures, and they both continue upon the same formation until they make their 
exit from the State (the former in Appanoose County, the latter in Ringgold 
County), near the boundary of which they have passed nearly or quite through 
the whole of that formation to the middle coal measures. Their valleys gradu- 
ally deepen from their upper portions downward, so that within fifteen or twenty 
miles they have reached a depth of near a hundred and fifty feet below the gen- 
eral level of the adjacent high land. When the rivers have cut their valleys 
down through the series of limestone strata, they reach those of a clayey com- 
position. Upon these they widen their valleys and make broad flood plains 
(commonly termed "bottoms "), the soil of which is stiff and clayey, except 
where modified by sandy washings. 

A considerable breadth of woodland occupies the bottoms and valley sides 
along a great part of their length ; but their upper branches and tributaries are 
mostly prairie streams. 

Platte River. — This river belongs mainly to Missouri. Its upper branches 
pass through Ringgold County, and, with the west fork of the Grand River, 
drain a large region of country. 

Here the drift deposit reaches its maximum thickness on an east and west 
line across the State, and the valleys are eroded in some instances to a depth of 
two hundred feet, apparently, through this deposit alone. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 113 

The term " drift deposit " applies to the soil and sub-soil of the greater part 
of the State, and in it alone many of our wells are dug and our forests take 
root. It rests upon the stratified rocks. It is composed of clay, sand, gravel 
aud boulders, promiscuously" intermixed, without stratification, varying in char- 
acter in different parts of the State. 

The proportion of lime in the drift of Iowa is so great that the water of all 
our wells and springs is too " hard " for washing purposes ; and the same sub- 
stance is so prevalent in the drift clays that they are always found to have sufii- 
cient flux when used for the manufacture of brick. 

One Hundred and Two River is represented in Taylor County, the valleys 
of which have the same general character of those just described. The country 
around and between the east and west forks of this stream is almost entirely 
prairie. 

Nodaway River. — This stream is represented by east, middle and west 
branches. The two former rise in Adair County, the latter in Cass County. 
These rivers and valleys are fine examples of the small rivers and valleys of 
Southern Iowa. They have the general character of drift valleys, and Avith 
beautiful undulating and sloping sides. The Nodaways drain one of the finest 
agricultural regions in the State, the soil of which is tillable almost to their very 
banks. The banks and the adjacent narrow flood plains are almost everywhere 
composed of a rich, deep, dark loam. 

Nishnabotany River. — This river is represented by east and west branches, 
the former having its source in Anderson County, the latter in Shelby County. 
Both these branqhes, from their sojirce to their confluence — and also the main 
stream, from thence to the point where it enters the great flood plain of the 
Missouri — run through a region the surface of which is occupied by the bluff 
deposit. The West Nishnabotany is probably without any valuable mill sites. 
In the western part of Cass County, the East Nishnabotany loses its identity 
by becoming abruptly divided up into five or six different creeks. A few 
good mill sites occur here on this stream. None, however, that are thought 
reliable exist on either of these rivers, or on the main stream below the 
confluence, except, perhaps, one or two in Montgomery County. The 
valleys of the two branches, and the intervening upland, possess remarkable 
fertility. 

Boyer River. — Until it enters the flood plain of the Missouri, the Boyer 
runs almost, if not quite, its entire course through the region occupied by the 
bluff deposit, and has cut its valley entirely through it along most of its pas- 
sage. The only rocks exposed are the upper coal measures, near Reed's mill, in 
Harrison County. The exposures are slight, and are the most northerly now 
known in Iowa. The valley of this river has usually gently sloping sides, and an 
ndistinctly defined flood plain. Along the lower half of its course the adjacent 
upland presents a surface of the billowy character, peculiar to the bluff deposit. 
The source of this river is in Sac County. 



114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldier River. — The east and middle branches of this stream have their 
source in Crawford County, and the west branch in Ida County. The whole 
course of this river is through the bluff deposit. It has no exposure of strata 
along its course. 

Little Sioux River. — Under this head are included both the main and west 
branches of that stream, together with the Maple, which is one of its branches. 
The west branch and the Maple are so similar to the Soldier River that they 
need no separate description. The main stream has its boundary near the 
northern boundary of the State, and runs most of its course upon drift deposit 
alone, entering the region of the bluff deposit in the southern part of Cherokee 
County. The two principal upper branches, near their source in Dickinson 
and Osceola ,Counties, are small prairie creeks, with indistinct valleys. On 
entering Clay County, the valley deepens, and at their confluence has a depth 
of one hundred feet, which still further increases until along the boundary line 
between Clay and Buena Vista Counties, it reaches a depth of two hundred 
feet. Just as the valley enters Cherokee County, it turns to the southward and 
becomes much widened, with its sides gently sloping to the uplands. When the 
valley enters the region of the bluff deposit, it assumes the billowy appearance. 
No exposures of strata of any kind have been found in the valley of the Little 
Sioux or any of its branches. 

Floyd River. — This river rises upon the drift in O'Brien County, and flow- 
ing southward enters the region of the bluff deposit a little north of the center 
of Plymouth County. Almost from its source to its mouth it is a prairie stream, 
with slightly sloping valley sides, which blend gradually with the uplands. A 
single slight exposure of sandstone of cretaceous age occurs in the valley near 
Sioux City, and which is the only known exposure of rock of any kind along 
its whole length. Near this exposure is a mill site, but farther up the stream 
it is not valuable for such purposes. 

Rock River. — This stream passes through Lyon and Sioux Counties. It 
was evidently so named from the fact that considerable exposures of the red 
Sioux quartzite occur along the main branches qf the stream in Minnesota, a 
few miles north of our State boundary. Within this State the main stream and 
its branches are drift streams, and strata are exposed. The beds and banks of 
the streams are usually sandy and gravelly, with occasional boulders intermixed. 

Big Sioux River. — The valley of this river, from the nortliwest corner of 
the State to its mouth, possesses much the same character as all the streams of 
the surface deposits. At Sioux Falls, a few miles above the northwest corner 
of the State, the stream meets with remarkable obstructions from the presence 
of Sioux quartzite, which outcrops directly across the stream, and causes a fall 
of about sixty feet within a distance of half a mile, producing a series of cas- 
cades, for the first twenty-five miles above its mouth, the valley is very broad, 
with a broad, fiat flood plain, with gentle slopes occasionally showing indistinctly 
defined terraces. These terraces and vallev bottoms constitute some of the finest 



I 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 115 

agricultural land of the region. On the Iowa side of the valley the upland 
presents abrupt bluffs, steep as the materials of which they are composed will 
stand, and from one hundred to nearly two hundred feet high above the stream. 
At rare intervals, about fifteen miles from its mouth, the cretaceous strata are 
found exposed in the flice of the bluffs of the Iowa side. No other strata are 
exposed along that part of the valley which borders our State, with the single 
exception of Sioux quartzite at its extreme northwestern corner. Some good mill 
sites may be secured along that portion of this river which borders Lyon County, 
but below this the fall will probably be found insufficient and the location for 
dams insecure. 

Blissouri River. — This is one of th« muddiest streams on the globe, and its 
waters are known to be very turbid far toward its source. The chief pecul- 
iarity of this river is its broad flood plains, and its adjacent bluff deposits. 
Much the greater part of the flood plain of this river is upon the Iowa side, and 
continuous from the south boundary line of the State to Sioux City, a distance 
of more than one hundred miles in length, varying from three to five miles in 
width. This alluvial plain is estimated to contain more than half a million acres 
of land within the State, upward of four hundred thousand of which are now 
tillable. 

The rivers of the eastern system of drainage have quite a different character 
from those of the western, system. They are larger, longer and have their val- 
leys modified to a much greater extent by the underlying strata. For the lat- 
ter reason, water-power is much more abundant upon them than upon the 
streams of the western system. 

Des Moines River. — This river has its source in Minnesota, but it enters 
Iowa before it has attained any size, and flows almost centrally through it from 
northwest to southeast, emptying into the Mississippi at the extreme southeast- 
ern corner of the State. It drains a greater area than any river within the 
State. The upper portion of it is divided into two branches known as the east 
and west forks. These unite in Humboldt County. The valleys of these 
branches above their confluence are drift-valleys, except a few small exposures 
of subcarboniferous limestone about five miles above their confluence. These 
exposures produce several small mill-sites. The valleys vary from a few hun- 
dred yards to half a mile in width, and are the finest agricultural lands. In the 
northern part of Webster County, the character of the main valley is modified 
by the presence of ledges and low cliffs of the subcarboniferous limestone and 
gypsum. From a point a little below Fort Dodge to near Amsterdam, in Ma- 
rion County, the river runs all the way through and upon the lower coal-mcas 
ure strata. Along this part of its course the flood-plain varies from an eighth 
to half a mile or more in width. From Amsterdam to Ottumwa the subcarbon- 
iferous limestone appears at intervals in the valley sides. Near Ottumwa, the sub- 
carboniferous rocks pass beneath the liver again, bringing down the coal-measure 
strata into its bed ; but they rise again from it in the extreme northwestern part 



116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Van Buren County, and subcarboniferous strata resume and keep their place 
along the valley to the north of the river. From Fort Dodge to the northern 
part of Lee County, the strata of the lower coal measures are present in the 
valley. Its flood plain is frequently sandy, from the debris of the sandstone 
and sandy shales of the coal measures produced by their removal in the process 
of the formation of the valley. 

The principal tributaries of the Des Moines are upon the western side. 
These are the Raccoon and the three rivers, viz.: South, Middle and North Riv- 
ers. The three latter have their source in the region occupied by the upper 
coal-measure limestone formation, flow eastward over the middle coal measures, 
and enter the valley of the Des Moines upon the lower coal measures. These 
streams, especially South and Middle Rivers, are frequently bordered by high, 
rocky cliffs. Raccoon River has its source upon the heavy surface deposits of 
the middle region of Western Iowa, and along the greater part of its course it 
has excavated its valley out those deposits and the middle coal measures alone. 
The valley of the Des Moines and its branches are destined to become the seat 
of extensive manufactures in consequence of, the numerous mill sites of immense 
power, and the fact that the main valley traverses the entire length of the Iowa 
coal fields. 

Skunk River. — This river has its source in Hamilton County, and runs 
almost its entire course upon the border of the outcrop of the lower coal meas- 
ures, or, more properly speaking, upon the subcarboniferous limestone, just where 
it begins to pass beneath the coal measures by its southerly and westerly dip. 
Its general course is southeast. From the western part of Henry County, up 
as far as Story County, the broad, flat flood plain is covered with a rich deep 
clay soil, which, in time of long-continued rains and overflows of the river, has 
made the valley of Skunk River a terror to travelers from the earliest settle- 
ment of the country. There are some excellent mill sites on the lower half of 
this river, but they are not so numerous or valuable as on other rivers of the 
eastern system. 

Iowa River. — This river rises in Hancock County, in the midst of a broad^ 
slightly undulating drift region. The first rock exposure is that of subcarbon- 
iferous limestone, in the southwestern corner of Franklin County. It enters 
the region of the Devonian strata near the southwestern corner of Benton 
County, and in this it continues to its confluence with the Cedar in Louisa 
County, Below the junction with the Cedar, and for some miles above that 
point, its valley is broad, and especially on the northern side, with a well 
marked flood plain. Its borders gradually blend with the uplands as they slope 
away in the distance from the river. The Iowa furnishes numerous and valua- 
ble mill sites. 

Cedar River. — This stream is usually understood, to be a branch of the 
Iowa, but it ought, really, to be regarded as the main stream. It rises by 
numerous branches in the northern part of the State, and flows the entire length 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. Ill 

of the State, through the region occupied by the Devonian strata and along the 
trend occupied by that formation. 

The valley of this river, in the upper part of its course, is narrow, and the 
sides slope so gently as to scarcely show where the lowlands end and the up- 
lands begin. Below the confluence with the Shell Rock, the flood plain is more 
distinctly marked and the valley broad and shallow. The valley of the Cedar 
is one of the finest regions in the State, and both the main ' stream and its 
branches afford abundant and reliable mill sites. 

Wapsipinnicon River. — This river has its source near the source of the 
Cedar, and runs parallel and near it almost its entire course, the upper half 
upon the same formation — the Devonian. In the northeastern part of Linn 
County, it enters the region of the Niagara limestone, upon which it continues 
to the Mississippi. It is one hundred miles long, and yet the area of its drain- 
age is only from twelve to twenty miles in width. Hence, its numerous mill 
sites are unusually secure. 

Turkey River. — This river and the Upper Iowa are, in many respects, un- 
like other Iowa rivers. The diff"erence is due to the great depth they have 
eroded their valleys and the different character of the material through which 
they have eroded. Turkey River rises in Howard County, and in Winnesheik 
County, a few miles from its source, its Valley has attained a depth of more than 
two hundred feet, and in Fayette and Clayton Counties its depth is increased to 
three and four hundred feet. The summit of the uplands, bordering nearly the 
whole length of the valley, is capped by the Maquoketa shales. These shales 
are underlaid by the Galena limestone, between two and three hundred feet 
thick. The valley has been eroded through these, and runs upon the Trenton 
limestone. Thus, all the formations along and within this valley are Lower 
Silurian. The valley is usually narrow, and without a well-marked flood plain. 
Water power is abundant, but in most places inaccessible. 

Upper Iowa River. — This river rises in Minnesota, just beyond the north- 
ern boundary line, and enters our State in Howard County before it has attained 
any considerable size. Its course is nearly eastward until it reaches the Mis- 
sissippi. It rises in the region of the Devonian rocks, and flows across the out- 
crops, respectively, of the Niagara, Galena and Trenton limestone, the lower 
magnesian limestone and Potsdam sandstone, into and through all of which, 
except the last, it has cut its valley, which is the deepest of any in Iowa. The 
valley sides are, almost everywhere, high and steep, and cliffs of lower magne- 
sian and Trenton limestone give them a wild and rugged aspect. In the lower 
part of the valley, the flood plain reaches a width sufficient for the location of 
small farms, but usually it is too narrow for such purposes. On the higher 
surface, however, as soon as you leave the valley you come immediately upon a 
cultivated country. This stream has the greatest slope per mile of any in Iowa, 
consequently it furnishes immense water power. In some places, where creeks 
come into it, the valley widens and affords good locations for farms. The town 



118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of Decorah. in Winnesheik County, is located in one of these spots, which 
makes it a lovely location ; and the power of the river and the small spring 
streams around it offer fine facilities for manufacturing. This river and its 
tributaries are the only trout streams in Iowa. 

Mississippi River. — This river may be described, in general terms, as a broad 
canal cut out of the general level of the country through which the river flows. 
It is bordered by abrupt hills or bluffs. The bottom of the valley ranges fi-om 
one to eight miles in width. The whole space between the bluffs is occupied by 
the river and its bottom, or flood plain only, if we except the occasional terraces 
or remains of ancient flood plains, which are not now reached by the highest 
floods of the river. The river itself is from half a mile to nearly a mile in 
width. There are but four points along the whole length of the State where the 
bluffs approach the stream on both sides. The Lower Silurian formations com- 
pose the bluffs in the northern part of the State, but- they gradually disappear 
by a southerly dip, and the bluffs are continued successively by the Upper 
Silurian, Devonian, and subcarboniferous rocks, which are reached near the 
southeastern corner of the State. 

Considered in their relation to the present general surface of the state, the 
relative ages of the river valley of Iowa date back only to the close of the 
glacial epoch ; but that the Mississippi, and all the rivers of Northeastern Iowa, 
if no othei"s, had at least a large part of the rocky portions of their valleys 
eroded by pre-glacial, or perhaps even by palaeozoic rivers, can scarcely be 
doubted. 

LAKES. 

The lakes of Iowa may be properly divided into two distinct classes. The 
first may be called drift lakes, having had their origin in the depressions left 
in the surface of the drift at the close of the glacial epoch, and have rested upon 
the undisturbed surface of the drift deposit ever since the glaciers disappeared. 
The others may be properly termed fluvatile or alluvial lakes, because they have 
had theii- origin bv the action of rivers while cuttinor their own vaUevs out from 
the surface of the drift as it existed at the close of the glacial epoch, and are now 
found resting upon the alluvium, as the others rest upon the drift. By the term 
alluvium is meant the deposit which has accumulated in the valleys of rivers by 
the action of their own currents. It is largely composed of sand and other 
coarse material, and upon that deposit are some of the best and most productive 
soils in the State. It is this deposit which form the flood plains and deltas of 
our rivers, as well as the terraces of their valleys. 

The regions to which the drift lakes are principally confined are near the 
head waters of the principal streams of the State. We consequently find them 
in those regions which lie between the Cedar and Des Moines Rivers, and the 
Des Moines and Little Sioux. No drift lakes are found in Southern Iowa. 
The largest of the lakes to be found in the State are Spirit and Okoboji, in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 119 

Dickinson County ; Clear Lake, in Cerro Gordo County ; and Storm Lake, in 
Bunea Vista County. 

Spirit Lake. — The width and length of this lake are about equal , and it 
contains about twelve square miles of surface, its northern border resting directly 
on the boundary of the State. It lies almost directly upon the great watershed. 
Its shores are mostly gravelly, and the country about it fertile. 

Okohoji Lake. — This body of water lies directly south of Spirit Lake, and 
has somewhat the shape of a horse-shoe, with its eastern projection within a few 
rods of Spirit Lake, where it receives the outlet of the latter. Okoboji Lake 
extends about five miles southward from Spirit Lake, thence about the same 
distance westward, and then bends northward about as far as the eastern projec- 
tion. The eastern portion is narrow, but the western is larger, and in some 
places a hundred feet deep. The surroundings of this and Spirit Lake are very 
pleasant. Fish are abundant in them, and they are the resort of myriads of 
water fowl. 

Clear Lake. — This lake is situated in Cerro Gordo County, upon the 
watershed between the Iowa and Cedar Rivers. It is about five miles long, 
and two or three miles wide, and has a maximum depth of only fifteen 
feet. Its shores and the country around it are like that of Spirit Lake. 

Storm Lake. — This body of water rests upon the great water shed in Buena 
Vista County. It is a clear, beautiful sheet of water, containing a surface area 
of between four and five square miles. 

The outlets of all these drift-lakes are dry during a portion of the year, ex- 
cept Okoboji. 

Walled Lakes. — Along the water sheds of Northern Iowa great numbers of 
small lakes exist, varying from half a mile to a mile in diameter. One of the lakes 
in Wright County, and another in Sac, have each received the name of '• Walled 
Lake," on account of the existence of embankments on their borders, which are 
supposed to be the work of ancient inhabitants. These embankments are from 
two to ten feet in height, and from five to thirty feet across. They are the 
result of natural causes alone, being referable to the periodic action of ice, aided, 
to some extent, by the force of the waves. These lakes are very shallow, and 
in winter freeze to the bottom, so that but little unfrozen water remains in the 
middle. The ice freezes fast to everything upon the bottom, and the expansive 
power of the water in freezing acts in all directions from the center to the cir- 
cumference, and whatever was on the bottom of the lake has been thus carried 
to the shore, and this has been going on from year to year, from century to 
century, forming the embankments which have caused so much wonder. 

SPRINGS. 

Springs issue from all formations, and from the sides of almost every valley, 
but they are more numerous, and* assume proportions which give rise to the 
name of sink-holes, along the upland borders of the Upper Iowa River, owing 



120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to the peculiar fissured and laminated character and great thickness of the strata 
of the ao-e of the Trenton limestone which underlies the whole region of the 
valley <>f that stream. 

No mineral sprint's, properly so called, have yet been discovered in Iowa, 
thouf^h the water of several artesian wells is frequently found charged with 
soluble mineral substances. 

ORIGIN OF THE PRAIRIES. 

It is estimated that seven-eighths of the surface of the State was prairie 
when first settled. They are not confined to level surfaces, nor to any partic- 
ular variety of soil, for within the State they rest upon all formations, from 
those of the Azoic to those of the Cretaceous age, inclusive. Whatever may 
have been their origin, their present existence in Iowa is not due to the influ- 
ence of climate, nor the soil, nor any of the underlying formations. Tue real 
cause is the prevalence of the annual fires. If these had been prevented fifty 
years ago, Iowa would now be a timbered country. The encroachment of forest 
trees upon prairie farms as soon as the bordering woodland is protected from 
tiie annual prairie fires, is well known to farmers throughout the State. 

The soil of Iowa is justly famous for its fertility, and there is probably no 
equal area of the earth's surface that contains so little untillable land, or whose 
soil has so high an average of fertility. Ninety-five per cent, of its surface is 
tillable land. 

GEOLOGY. 

The soil of Iowa may be separated into three general divisions, which not 
only possess different physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their 
origin. These are drift, bluff" and alluvial, and belong respectively to the 
deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the 
surface of the State than both the others. The bluff" has the next greatest area 
of surface, and the alluvial least. 

All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived, to a 
considerable extent, from the rocks of Minnesota ; but the greater part of Iowa 
drift was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been transported but a 
short distance. In genei'al terms the constant component element of the drift 
soil is that portion which was transported from the north, while the inconstant 
elements are those portions which were derived from the adjacent or underlying 
strata. For example, in Western Iowa, wherever that cretaceous formation 
known as the Ni.s]inabotany sandstone exists, the soil contains more sand than 
elsewhere. The .same may be said of the soil of some parts of the State occu- 
pied by the lower coal measures, the sandstones and sandy shales of that forma- 
tion furnishing tlie sand. 

In Northern and Northwestern Iowa, the drift contains more sand and 
gravel than elsewhere. This sand and gravel was, doubtless, derived from the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 



121 



cretaceous rocks that now do, or formerly did, exist there, and also in part 
from the conglomerate and pudding-stone beds of the Sioux quartzite. 

In Southern Iowa, the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. This preponder- 
ating clay is doubtless derived from the clayey and shaly beds which alternate 
with the limestones of that region. 

The bluff soil is that which rests upon, and constitutes a part of, the bluff 
deposit. It is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to the 
Missouri River. Although it contains less than one per cent, of clay in its 
composition, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. 

The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bottom 
lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for 
agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the 
highest floods, and is very productive. 

The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclu- 
sive : but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those 
of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in 
their order : 



SYSTEMS. 

AGES. 

Cretaceous 

Carboniferous.. 

Devonian 

Upper Silurian 

Lower Silurian 
Azoic 



GROaPS. 

PERIODS. 



f Post Tertiary. 



Lower Cretaceous. 



Coal Measures. 



Subcarboniferous. 

L 

Hamilton 

Niagara 

'Cincinnati 



Trenton. 

Primordial. 
Huronian 



FORMATIONS. 

EPOCHS. 

Drift 

Inoceramous bed 

Woodbury Sandstone and Shales. 

Nishnabotany Sandstone 

Upper Coal Measures 

Middle Coal Measures 

Lower Coal Measures , 

St. Louis Limestone 

Keokuk Limestone 

Burlington Limestone 

Kinderhook beds 

Hamilton Limestone and Shales 

Niagara Limestone 

Maquoketa Shales 

Galena Limestone 

Trenton Limestone 

St. Peter's Sandstone 

Lower Magnesian Limestone.... 

Potsdam Sandstone 

Sioux Quartzite 



THICKNESS. 

IN FEET. 



10 



to 200 

50 
130 
100 
200 
200 
200 

75 

90 
196 
175 
200 
350 

80 
250 
200 

80 
250 
300 

50 



THE AZOIC SYSTEM. 

The Sioux quartzite is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few 
acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big 
Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux Quartzite has been 
given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and a 
color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of 
metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the 
rock is almost everywhere of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees 
to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and westward. This 



122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

rock may be quarried in a few rare cases, but usually it cannot be secured in 
dry forms except that into which it naturally cracks, and the tendency is to 
angular pieces. It is absolutely indestructible. 

LOWER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

PRIMORDIAL GROUP. 

Potsdam Sandstone. — This formation is exposed only in a small portion of 
the northeastern portion of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the 
bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It may be seen 
underlying the lower magnesian limestone, St. Peter s sandstone and Trenton 
limestone, in their regular order, along the bluffs of the Mississippi from the 
northern boundary of the State as far south as Guttenburg, along the Upper 
Iowa for a distance of about twenty miles from its mouth, and along a few of 
the streams which empty into the Mississippi in Allamakee County. 

It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. 

No fossils have been discovered in this formation in Iowa. 

Lower Magnesium Limestone. — This formation has but little greater geo- 
graphical extent in Iowa than the Potsdam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity 
of texture and stratification, owing to which it is not generally valuable for 
building purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation in Iowa are a few traces of crinoids, 
near McGregor. 

St. Peter s Sandstone. — This formation is remarkably uniform in thickness 
throughout its known geographical extent ; and it is evident it occupies a large 
portion of the northern half of Allamakee County, immediately beneath the 
drift. 

TRENTON GROUP. 

Tretiton Limestone. — With the exception of this, all the limestones of both 
Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestones — nearly pure 
dolomites. This formation occupies large portions of Winnesheik and Alla- 
makee Counties and a portion of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for 
economic purposes, yet there are in some places compact and evenly bedded 
layers, which afford fine material for window caps and sills. 

In this formation, fossils are abundant, so much so that, in some places, the 
rock is made up of a mass of shells, corals and fragments of tribolites, cemented 
by calcareous material into a solid rock. Some of these fossils are new to 
science and peculiar to Iowa. 

The G-alena Limestone. — This is the upper formation of the Trenton group. 
It seldom exceeds twelve miles in width, although it is fully one hundred and 
fifty miles long. The outcrop traverses portions of the counties of Howard, 
Winnesheik, Allamakee, Fayette, Clayton, Dubuque and Jackson. It exhibits 
its greatest development in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite, 
with a slight admixture of silicious matter. It is usually unfit for dressing, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 123 

though sometimes near the top of the bed good blocks for dressing are found. 
This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The 
lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the 
vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical fissures, which traverse the 
rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have 
a north and south direction. The ore is mostly that known as Galena, or sul- 
phuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. 

CINCINNATI GROUP. 

Maquoketa Shales. — The surface occupied by this formation is singularly 
long and narrow, seldom reaching more than a mile or two in width, but more 
than a hundred miles in length. Its most southerly exposure is in the bluffs of 
the Mississippi near Bellevue, in Jackson County, and the most northerly yet 
recognized is in the western part of Winnesheik County. The whole formation 
is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arena- 
ceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- 
face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. Its economic 
value is very slight. 

Several species of fossils which characterize the Cincinnati group are found 
in the Maquoketa shales ; but they contain a larger number that have been 
found anywhere else than in these shales in Iowa, and their distinct faunal char- 
acteristics seem to warrant the separation of the Maquoketa shales as a distinct 
formation from any others of the group. 

UPPER SILURIAN SYSTEM. 

NIAGARA GROUP. 

Niagara Limestone. — The area occupied by the Niagara limestone is nearly 
one hundred and sixty miles long from north to south, and forty and fifty miles, 
wide. 

This formation is entirely a magnesian limestone, with in some places a con- 
siderable proportion of silicious matter in the form of chert or coarse flint. A 
large part of it is evenly bedded, and probably affords the best and greatest 
amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, LeClaire and 
Farley are all opened in this formation. 

DEVONIAN SYSTEM. 

HAMILTON GROUP. 

Hamilton Limestone. — The area of surflice occupied by the Hamilton lime- 
stone and shales is fully as great as those by all the formations of both Upper 
and Lower Silurian age in the State. It is nearly two hundred miles long and 
from forty to fifty miles broad. The general trend is northwestward and south- 
eaatww:fl. 

Although a large part of the material of this formation is practically quite 
■worthless, yet other portions are valuable for economic purposes ; and having a 



]24 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

large geographical extent in the State, is one of the most important formations, 
in a practical point of view. At Waverly. Bremer County, its value for the 
.production of hydraulic lime has been practically demonstrated. The heavier 
and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other 
material requiring strength and durability. 

All the Devonian strata of Iowa evidently belong to a single epoch, and re- 
ferable to the Hamilton, as recognized by New York geologists. 

The most conspicuous and characteristic fossils of this formation are bra- 
chiopod. mollusks and corals. The coral Acervularia Davidsoni occurs near 
Iowa City, and is known as " Iowa City Marble," and " bird's-eye marble." 

CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. 

Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous system, 
viz., the subcarboniferous, coal measures and permian, only the first two are 
found in Iowa. 

SUBCARBONIFEROUS GROUP. 

The area of the surface occupied by this group is very large. Its eastern 
border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with consider- 
able directness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington 
County. Here it makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking 
the Mississippi River at Muscatine. The southern and western boundary is to 
a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the coal field. 
From the southern part of Pocahontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, 
thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- 
dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of 
Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigourney, in Keokuk County, thence 
to the northeastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles 
eastward to the southeast corner of Van Buren County. Its area is nearly two 
hundred and fifty miles long, and from twenty to fifty miles wide. 

The Kinderhook Beds. — The most southerly exposure of these beds is near 
the mouth of Skunk River, in Des Moines County. The most northerly now 
known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than two hundred 
miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs 
which border the Mississippi and Skunk Rivers, where they form the eastern 
and northern boundary of Des Moines County, along English River, in Wash- 
ington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Frank- 
lin Counties ; and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. 

The economic value of this formation is very considerable, particularly in 
the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt 
Counties it is almost invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are 
found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building pur- 
poses. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this 
formation, and the quarries near LeGrand are very valuable. At this point 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 125 

some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into 
ornamental and useful objects. 

In Tama County, the oolitic member is well exposed, where it is manufac- 
tured into lime. It is not valuable for building, as upon exposure to atmosphere 
and frost, it crumbles to pieces. 

The remains of fishes are the only fossils yet discovered in this formation 
that can be referred to the sub-kingdom vertebrata ; and so far as yet recog- 
nized, they all belong to the order selachians. 

Of ARTICULATES, only two species have been recognized, both of which 
belong to the genus phillipsia. 

The sub-kingdom MOLLUSCA is largely represented. 

The RADIATA are represented by a few crinoids, usually found in a very im- 
perfect condition. The sub-kingdom is also represented by corals. 

The prominent feature, in the life of this epoch was molluscan ; so much so 
in fact as to overshadow all other branches of the animal kingdom. The pre- 
vailing classes are: lamellihranchiates, in the more arenaceous portions; and 
brachiopods, in the more calcareous portions. 

No remains of vegetation have been detected in any of the strata of this 
farmation. 

The Burlington Limesto7ie.- -This formation consists of two distmct calca- 
reous divisions, which are separated by a series of silicious beds. Both divi- 
sions are eminently crinoidal. 

The southerly dip of the Iowa rocks carries the Burlington limestone down, 
so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, 
near the southern boundary of Des Moines County. The most northerly point 
at which it has been recognized is in the northern part of Washington County. 
It probably exists as far north as Marshall County. 

This formation affords much valuable material for economic purposes. The 
upper division furnishes excellent common quarry rock. 

Tlie great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be 
more than three hundred, have justly attracted the attention of geologists in all 
parts of the world. 

The only remains of vertebrates discovered in this formation are those of 
fishes, and Consist of teeth and spines ; bone of bony fishes, like those most 
connnon at the present day, are found in these rocks. On Bufiington Creek, in 
Louisa County, is a stratum in an exposure so fully charged with these remains 
that it might with propriety be called bone breccia. 

Remains of articulates are rare in this formation. So far as yet discovered, 
they are confined to two species of tribolites of the genus phillipsia. 

Fossil shells are very common. 

The two lowest classes of the sub-kingdom radiata are represented in tlie 
genera zaphrentis, amplexus and syringapora, while the highest class — echino- 
derms — are found in most extraordinary profusion. 



126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Keokuk Limestone. — It is only in the four counties of Lee, Van 
Buren, Henry and Des Moines that this formation is to be seen. 

In some localities the upper silicious portion of this formation is known as 
the Geode bed. It is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, 
nor in connection with it Avhere it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. 

The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less spherical masses of silex, 
usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz. The outer crust is rough and 
unsightly, but the crystals Avhich stud the interior are often very beautiful. 
They vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. 

The economic value of this formation is very great. Large quantities of its 
stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the 
post offices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the 
banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. 

The only vertebrate fossils found in the formation are fishes, all belonging 
to the order selachians, some of which indicate that their owners reached a 
length of twenty-five or thirty feet. 

Of the articulates, only two species of the genus phillipsia have been found 
in this formation. 

Of the mollusks, no cephalopods have yet been recognized in this formation in 
this State ; gasteropods are rare ; brachiopods and polyzoans are quite abundant. 

Of radiates, corals of genera zaphrentes, amplexus and aulopera are found, 
but crinoids are most abundant. 

Of the low forms of animal life, the protozoans, a small fossil related to the 
sponges, is found in this formation in small numbers. 

The St. Louis Limestone. — This is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous 
group in Iowa. The superficial area it occupies is comparatively small, because 
it consists of long, narrow strips, yet its exten*- is very great. It is first seen 
resting on the geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keokuk. Pro- 
ceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields 
in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska 
Counties. It is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone 
River, where it again passes out of view under the coal measures until it is 
ne^t seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in 
Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct subdivisions — the magnesian, arena- 
ceous and calcareous. 

The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when 
quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, 
large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of little 
economic value. The lower or magnesian division furnishes a valuable 
and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren 
County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. 

Of the fossils of this formation, the vertebrates are represented only by the 
remains of fish, belonging to the two orders, selachians and ganoids. The 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 127 

articulates are represented by one species of the trilobite, genus pMllipsia, and 
two ostracoid, genera, cythre and beyricia. The mollusks distinguish this 
formation more than any other branch of the animal kingdom. Radiates are 
exceedingly rare, showing a marked contrast between this formation and the 
two preceding it. 

The rocks of the subcarboniferous period have in other countries, and in 
other parts of our own country, furnished valuable minerals, and even coal, but 
in Iowa the economic value is confined to its stone alone. 

The Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian and Devonian rocks of Iowa are largely 
composed of limestone. Magnesia also enters largely into the subcarbon- 
iferous group. With the completion of the St. Louis limestone, the 
production of the magnesian limestone seems to have ceased among the rocks of 
Iowa. 

Although the Devonian age has been called the age of fishes, yet so far as 
Iowa is concerned, the rocks of no period can compare with the subcarbon- 
iferous in the abundance and variety of the fish remains, and, for this reason, 
the Burlington and Keokuk limestones will in the future become more 
famous among geologists, perhaps, than any other formations in North 
America. 

It will be seen that the Chester limestone is omitted from the subcarbon- 
iferous group, and which completes the full geological series. It is probable 
the whole surface of Iowa was above the sea during the time of the 
formation of the Chester limestone to the southward about one hundred 
miles. 

At the close of the epoch of the Chester limestone, the shallow seas in 
which the lower coal measures were formed again occupied the land, extending 
almost as far north as that sea had done in which the Kinderhook beds were 
formed, and to the northeastward its deposits extended beyond the subcarbon- 
iferous groups, outlines of which are found upon the next, or Devonian rock. 

THE COAL-MEASURE GROUP. 

The coal-measure group of Iowa is properly divided into three formations, 
viz., the lower, middle and upper coal measures, each having a vertical thick- 
ness of about two hundred feet. 

A line drawn upon the map of Iowa as follows, will represent the eastern 
and northern boundaries of the coal fields of the State : Commencinsr at ,the 
southeast corner of Van Buren County, carry the line to the northeast corner 
of Jefferson County by a slight easterly curve through the western portions of 
Lee and Henry Counties. Produce this line until it reaches a point six or 
eight miles northward from the one last named, and then carry it northwest- 
ward, keeping it at about the same distance to the northward of Skunk River 
and its north branch that it had at first, until it reaches the southern boundary 
of Marshall County, a little west of its center. Then carry it to a point 



128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

three or four miles northeast from Eldora, in Hardin County ; thence west- 
ward to a point a little north of Webster City, in Hamilton County; and 
thence further westward to a point a little north of Fort Dodge, in Webster 
County. 

Loiver Coal Measures. — In consequence of the recedence to the southward 
of the borders of the middle and upper coal measures, the lower coal measures 
alone exist to the eastward and northward of Des Moines River. They also 
occupy a large area westward and southward of that river, but their southerly 
dip passes them below the middle coal measures at no great distance from the 
river. 

No other formation in the whole State possesses the economic value of the 
lower coal measures. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes 
a large amount of material for potters' use. The sandstone of these measures 
is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as near Red Rock, in Marion 
County, blocks of large dimensions are obtained which make good building 
material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. 
On the whole, that portion of the State occupied by the lower coal measures, 
is not well supplied with stone. 

But few fossils have been found in any of the strata of the lower coal meas- 
ures, but such animal remains as have been found are without exception of 
marine origin. 

Of fossil plants found in these measures, all probably belong to the class 
acrogens. Specimens of calamites, and several species of ferns, are found in 
all of the coal measures, but the genus lepidodendron seems not to have existed 
later than the epoch of the middle coal measures. 

Middle Coal 3Ieasures. — This formation within the State of Iowa occupies 
a narrow belt of territory in the southern central portion of the State, embrac- 
ing a superficial area of about fourteen hundred square miles. The counties 
more or less underlaid by this formation are Guthrie, Dallas, Polk, Madison, 
Warren, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wayne and Appanoose. 

This formation is composed of alternating beds of clay, sandstone and lime- 
stone, the clays or shales constituting the bulk of the formation, the limestone 
occurring in their bands, the lithological peculiarities of which offer many con- 
trasts to the limestones of the upper and lower coal measures. The formation 
is also characterized by regular wave-like undulations, with a parallelism which 
indicates a widespread disturbance, though no dislocation of the strata have 
been discovered. 

Generally speaking, few species of fossils occur in these beds. Some of the 
shales and sandstone have afforded a few imperfectly preserved land plants — 
three or four species of ferns, belonging to the genera. Some of the carbonif- 
erous shales aff"ord beautiful specimens of what appear to have been sea-weeds. 
Radiates are represented by corals. The mollusks are most numerously repre- 
sented. Trilobites and ostraooids are the only remains known of articulates. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 129 

Vertebrates are only known by the remains of salaehians, or sharks, and 
ganoids. 

Upper Coal Pleasures. — The area occupied by this formation in Iowa is 
very great, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the 
State. It adjoins by its northern and eastern boundaries the area occupied by 
the middle coal measures. 

The prominent lithological features of this formation are its limestones, yet 
it contains a considerable proportion of shales and sandstones. Although it is 
known by the name of upper coal measures, it contains but a single bed of coal, 
and that only about twenty inclies in maximum thickness. 

The limestone exposed in this formation furnishes good material for building 
as in Madison and Fremont Counties. The sandstones are quite worthless. No 
beds of clay for potter's use are found in the whole formation. 

The fossils in this formation are much more numerous than in either the 
middle or lower coal measures. The vertebrates are represented by the fishes 
of the orders selachians and ganoids. The articulates are represented by the 
trilobites and ostracoids. Mollusks are represented by the classes ctphalapoda, 
gasteropoda, lamelli, branchiata, brachiapoda and polyzoa. Radiates are more 
numerous than in the lower and middle coal measures. Protogoans are repre- 
sented in the greatest abundance, some layers of limestone being almost entirely 
composed of their small fusiform shells. 

CRETACEOUS SYSTEM. 

There being no rocks, in Iowa, of permian, triassic or Jurassic age, the 
next strata in the geological series are of the cretaceous age. They are found 
in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations 
upon which they rest, to the southward and westward, but have a general dip 
of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. 
Although the actual exposures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is 
reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally 
occupied by them ; but being very friable, they have been removed by denuda- 
tion, which has taken place at two separate periods. The first period was 
during its elevation from the cretaceous sea, and during the long tertiary age 
that passed between the time of that elevation and the commencement of the 
glacial epoch. The second period was during the glacial epoch, when the ice 
produced their entire removal over considerable areas. 

It is difficult to indicate the exact boundaries of these rocks ; the following 
will approximate the outlines of the area : 

From the northeast corner to the southwest corner of Kossuth County ; 
thence to the southeast corner of Guthrie County; thence to the southeast 
corner of Cass County; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Mont- 
gomery County ; thence to the middle of the north boundary of Pottawattamie 
County ; thence to the middle of the south boundary of Woodbury County ;. 



130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

thence to Sergeant's bluffs; up the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers to the 
northwest corner of the State ; eastward along the State line to the place of 
beginning. 

All the cretaceous rocks in Iowa are a part of the same deposits farther up 
the Missouri River, and in reality form their eastern boundary. 

Xishnahotany Sandstone. — This rock has the most easterly and southerly 
extent of the cretaceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of 
Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the north- 
ward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing 
beneath the inoceramus, or chalky, beds. This sandstone is, with few excep- 
tions, almost valueless for economic purposes. 

The only fossils found in this formation are a few fragments of angiosper- 
mous leaves. 

WooiJhury Sandstones and Shales. — These strata rest upon the Xishna- 
botany sandstone, and have not been observed outside of TVoodbury County, 
hence their name. Their principal exposure is at Sergeants Bluffs, seven 
miles below Sioux City. 

This rock has no value except for purposes of common masonry. 

FossQ remains are rare. Detached scales of a lepidoginoid species have 
been detected, but no other vertebrate remains. Of remains of vegetation. 
leaves of saUx meekii and sassafi-as cretaceum have been occasionally found. 

Inoceramus Beds. — These beds rest upon the Woodbury sandstones and 
shales. They have not been observed in Iowa, except in the bluffs which 
border the Big Sioux River in Woodbury and Plymouth Counties. They are 
composed almost entirely of calcareous material, the upper portion of which is 
extensivelv used for lime. No building material is to be obtained from these 
beds ; and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at 
some time may be useful on the soil of the adjacent region. 

The only vertebrate remains found in the cretaceous rocks are the fishes. 
Those in the inoceramus beds of Iowa are two species of squoloid selachians. 
or cestratront. and three genera of teliosts. Molluscan remains are rare. 

PEAT. 

Extensive beds of peat exist in Xorthem Middle lowu. which, it is esti- 
mated, contain the following areas : 

Countiis. Acre*. 

Cerro Gordo 1,500 

Worth 2.1 00 

Winnebago 2,000 

Hancock 1,500 

Wright 500 

Kossuth 700 

Dickinson 80 

Several other counties contain peat beds, but the character of the peat is 
inferior to that in the northern part of the Stat«. The character of the peat 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 131 

named is equal to that of Ireland. The beds are of an average depth of four 
feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish two hundred and 
fifty tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present, owing to the sparse- 
ness of the population, this peat is not utilized ; but, owing to its great distance 
from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when their 
value will be realized, and the fact demonstrated that Nature has abundantly 
compensated the deficiency of other fuel. 

GYPSUM. 

The only deposits of the sulphates of the alkaline earths of any economic 
value in Iowa are those of gypsum at and in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, in 
Webster County. All others are small and unimportant. The deposit occupies 
a nearly central position in Webster County, the Des Moines River running 
nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen 
in the form of ordinary rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in 
similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of 
the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. 

The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth 
of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River, and almost adjoining 
the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been 
found exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from this northerly point 
before mentioned. Our knowledge of the width of the area occupied by it is 
limited by the exposures seen in the valleys of the small streams and in the 
ravines which come into the valley within the distance mentioned. As one goes 
up these ravines and minor valleys, the gypsum becomes lost beneath the over- 
lying drift. There can be no doubt that the different parts of this deposit, now 
disconnected by the valleys and ravines having been cut through it, were orig- 
inally connected as a continuous deposit, and there seems to be as little reason 
to doubt that the gypsum still extends to considerable distance on each side of 
the valley of the river beneath the drift which covers the region to a depth of 
from twenty to sixty feet. 

The country round about this region has the prairie surface approximating 
a general level which is so characteristic of the greater part of the State, and 
which exists irrespective of the character or geological age of the strata beneath, 
mainly because the drift is so deep and uniformly distributed that it frequently 
almost alone gives character to the surface. The valley sides of the Des Moines 
River, in the vicinity of Fort Dodge, are somewhat abrupt, having a depth there 
from the general level of the upland of about one hundred and seventy feet, 
and consequently presents somewhat bold and interesting features in the land- 
scape. 

As one walks up and down the creeks and ravines which come into the 
valley of the Des Moines River there, he sees the gypsum exposed on 
either side of them, jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of 



132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ledges and bold quarry fronts, having almost the exact appearance of 
ordinary limestone exposures, so horizontal and regular are its lines of 
stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The 
principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below 
Fort Dodge. 

The reader will please bear in mind that the gypsum of this remarkable 
deposit does not occur in "heaps " or " nests," as it does in most deposits of 
gypsum in the States farther eastward, but that it exists here in the form of a 
regularly stratified, continuous formation, as uniform in texture, color and 
quality throughout the whole region, and from top to bottom of the deposit 
as the granite of the Quincy quarries is. Its color is a uniform gray, result- 
ing from alternating fine horizontal lines of nearly white, with similar lines 
of darker shade. The gypsum of the white lines is almost entirely pure, the 
darker lines containing the impurity. This is at intervals barely sufficient in 
amount to cause the separation of the mass upon those lines into beds or layers, 
thus facilitating the quarrying of it into desired shapes. These bedding sur- 
faces have occasionally a clayey feeling to the touch, but there is nowhere any 
intercalation of clay or other foreign substance in a separate form. The deposit 
is known to reach a thickness of thirty feet at the quarries referred to. but 
although it will probably be found to exceed this thickness at some other points, 
at the natural exposures, it is seldom seen to be more than from ten to twenty 
feet thick. 

Since the drift is usually seen to rest directly upon the gypsum, with noth- 
ing intervening, except at a few points where traces appear of an overlying bed 
of clayey material without doubt of the same age as the gypsum, the latter 
probably lost something of its thickness by mechanical erosion during the 
glacial epoch ; and it has, doubtless, also sufi"ered some diminution of thickness 
since then by solution in the waters which constantly percolate through the 
drift from the surface. The drift of this region being somewhat clayey, partic- 
ulary in its lower part, it has doubtless served in some degree as a protection 
against the diminution of the gypsum by solution in consequence of its partial 
imperviousness to water. If the gypsum had been covered by a deposit of sand 
instead of the drift clays, it would have no doubt long since disappeared by 
being dissolved in the water that would have constantly reached it from the sur- 
face. Water merely resting upon it would not dissolve it away to any extent, 
but it rapidly disappears under the action of running water. Where little rills 
of water at the time of every rain run over the face of an unused quarry, from 
the surface above it, deep grooves are thereby cut into it, giving it somewhat the 
appearance of melting ice around a waterfall. The fact that gypsum is now 
suffering a constant, but, of course, very slight, diminution, is apparent in the 
fact the springs of the region contain more or less of it in solution in their 
waters. An analysis of water from one of these springs will be found in Prof. 
Emery's report. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 133 

Besides the clayey beds that arc sometimes seen to rest upon the gypsum, 
there are occasionally others seen beneath them that arg also of the same 
age, and not of the age of the coal-measure strata upon which they rest. 

Age of the Gypsum Deposit. — In neither the gypsum nor the associated 
clays has any trace of any fossil remains been found, nor has any other indica- 
tion of its geological age been observed, except that which is afforded by its 
stratigraphical relations ; and the most that can be said with certainty is that it 
is newer than the coal measures, and older than the drift. The indications 
afforded by the stratigraphical relations of the gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge 
are, however, of considerable value. 

As already shown, »it rests in that region directly and unconformably upon 
the lower coal measures ; but going southward from there, the wdiole series of 
coal-measure strata from the top of the subcarboniferous group to the upper 
coal measures, inclusive, can be traced Avithout break or unconformability. 
The strata of the latter also may be traced in the same manner up into the 
Permian rocks of Kansas; and through this long series, there is no place or 
horizon which suggests that the g3^psum deposit might belong there. 

Again, no Tertiary deposits are known to exist within or near the borders 
of Iowa to suggest that the gypsum might be of that age ; nor are any of the 
palaeozoic strata newer than the subcarboniferous unconformable upon each 
other as the other gypsum is unconformable upon the strata beneath it. It 
therefore seems, in a measure, conclusive, that the gypsum is of Mesozoic age, 
perhaps older than the Cretaceous. 

LitJiological Origin. — As, little can be said with certainty concerning the 
lithological origin of this deposit as can be said concerning its geological age, 
for it seems to present itself in this relation, as in the former one, as an isolated 
fact. None of the associated strata show any traces of a double decomposition 
of pre-existing materials, such as some have supposed all deposits of gypsum to 
have resulted from. No considerable quantities of oxide of iron nor any trace 
of native sulphur have been found in connection with it ; nor has any salt been 
found in the waters of the region. These substances are common in association 
with other gypsum deposits, and are regarded by some persons as indicative of 
the method of or resulting from their origin as such. Throughout the whole 
region, the Fort Dodge gypsum has the exact appearance of a sedimentary 
deposit. It is arranged in layers like the regular layers of limestone, and the 
whole mass, from top to bottom, is traced with fine horizontal laminj^ of alter- 
nating white and gray gypsum, parallel with the bedding surfaces of the layers, 
but the whole so intimately blended as to form a solid mass. The darker lines 
contain • almost all the impurity there is in the gypsum, and that impurity is 
evidently sedimentary in its character. Frc^n these facts, and also from the 
further one that no trace of fossil remains has been detected in the gypsum, it 
seems not unreasonable to entertain the opinion that the gypsum of Fort Dodge 
originated as a chemical precipitation in comparatively still waters which were 



134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

saturated with sulphate of lime and destitute of life ; its stratification and 
impurities being deposited at the same time as clayey impurities which had been 
held suspended in the same waters. 

Pliysieal Properties. — Much has already been said of the physical proper- 
ties or character of this gypsum, but as it is so different in some respects from 
that of other deposits, there are yet other matters worthy of mention in connec- 
tion Avith those. According to the results of a complete and exhaustive anal- 
ysis by Prof. Emery, the ordinary gray gypsum contains only about eight per 
cent, of impurity ; and it is possible that the average impurity for the whole 
deposit will not exceed that proportion, so uniform in quality is it from to top 
to bottom and from one end of the region to the other. 

When it is remembered that plaster for agricultural purposes is sometimes 
prepared from gypsum that contains as much as thirty per cent, of impurity, it 
will be seen that ours is a very superior article for such purposes. The impu- 
jities are also of such a character that they do not in any way interfere with its 
value for use in the arts. Although the gypsum rock has a gray color, it 
becomes quite white by grinding, and still whiter by the calcining process nec- 
essary in the preparation of plaster of Paris. These tests have all been practi- 
cally made in the rooms of the Geological Survey, and the quality of the plaster 
of Paris still further tested by actual use and experiment. No hesitation, 
therefore, is felt in stating that the Fort Dodge gypsum is of as good a quality 
as any in the country, even for the finest uses. 

In view of the bounteousness of the primitive fertility of our Iowa soils, 
many persons forget that a time may come when Nature will refuse to respond 
so generously to our demand as she does now, without an adequate return. 
Such are apt to say that this vast deposit of gypsum is valueless to our com- 
monwealth, except to the small extent that it may be used in the arts. This 
is undoubtedly a short-sighted view of the subject, for the time is even now 
rapidly passing away when a man may purchase a new farm for less money 
than he can re-fertilize and restore the partially wasted primitive fertility of the 
one he now occupies. There are farms even now in a large part of the older 
settled portions of the State that would be greatly benefited by the proper 
application of plaster, and such areas will continue to increase until it will be 
difficult to estimate the value of the deposit of gypsum at Fort Dodge. It 
should be remembered, also, that the inhabitants of an extent of country 
adjoining our State more than three times as great as its own area will find it 
more convenient to obtain their supplies from Fort Dodge than from any other 
source. 

For want of direct railroad communication between this region and other 
parts of the State, the only use yet made of the gypsum by the inhabitants is 
for tlie purposes of ordinary building stone. It is so compact that it is found 
to be comparatively unaffected by the frost, and its ordinary situation in walls 
of houses is such that it is protected from the dissolving action of water, which 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 135 

can at most reach it only from occasional rains, and the effect of these is too 
slight to be perceived after the lapse of several years. 

One of the citizens of Fort Dodge, Hon. John F. Duncombe, built a large, 
fine residence of it. in 1861, the walls of which appear as unaffected by 
exposure and as beautiful as they were when first erected. It has been so long 
and successfully used for building stone by the inhabitants that they now prefer 
it to the limestone of good quality, which also exists in the immediate vicinity. 
This preference is due to the cheapness of the gypsum, as compared with the 
stone. The cheapness of the former is largely due to the facility with which it 
is quarried and wrought. Several other houses have been constructed of it in 
Fort Dodge, including the depot building of the Dubuque k Sioux City Rail- 
road. The company have also constructed a large culvert of the same material 
to span a creek near the town, limestone only being used for the lower courses, 
which came in contact with the water. It is a fine arch, each stone of gypsum 
being nicely hewn, and it will doubtless prove a very durable one. Many of 
the sidewalks in the town are made of the slabs or flags of gypsum which occur 
in some of the quarries in the form of thin layers. They are more durable 
than their softness would lead one to suppose. They also possess an advantage 
over stone in not becoming slippery when worn. 

The method adopted in quarrying and dressing the blocks of gypsum is 
peculiar, and quite unlike that adopted in similar treatment of ordinary stone. 
Taking a stout auger-bit of an ordinary brace, such as is used by carpenters, 
and filing the cutting parts of it into a peculiar form, the quarryman bores his 
holes into the gypsum quarry for blasting, in the same manner and with as 
great facility as a carpenter would bore hard wood. The pieces being loosened 
by blasting, they are broken up with sledges into convenient sizes, or hewn 
into the desired shapes by means of hatchets or ordinary chopping axes, or cut 
by means of ordinary wood-saws. So little grit does the gypsum contain that 
these tools, made for working wood, are found to be better adapted for working 
the former substance than those tools are which are universally used for work- 
ing stone. 

MINOR DEPOSITS OF SULPHATE OF LIME. 

Besides the great gypsum deposit of Fort Dodge, sulphate of lime in the 
various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite, and small, amorphous masses, has 
also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, includ- 
ing the coal -measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quanti- 
ties, quite independently of the great gypsum deposit there. The quantity of 
gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, 
and frequently minute. They usually occur in shales and shaly clays, asso- 
ciated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron (iron pyrites). 
Gypsum has thus been detected in the coal measures, the St. Louis limestone, 
the cretaceous strata, and also in the lead caves of Dubuqiie. In most of these 
cases it is evidently the result of double decomposition of iron pyrites and car- 



136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

bonate of lime, previously existing there ; in which cases the gypsum is of course 
not an original deposit as the great one at Fort Dodge is supposed to be. 

The existence of these comparatively minute quantities of gypsum in the 
shales of the coal measures and the subcarboniferous limestone which are exposed 
within the region of and occupy a stratigraphical position beneath the great 
gvpsum deposits, suggests the possibility that the former may have originated as 
a precipitate from percolating waters, holding gypsum in solution which they 
had derived from that deposit in passing over or through it. Since, however, 
the same substance is found in similar smill quantities and under similar con- 
ditions in regions where they could have had no possible connection with that 
deposit, it is believed that none of those mentioned have necessarily originated 
from it, not even those that are found in close proximity to it. 

The gypsum found in the lead caves is usually in the form of efflorescent 
fibers, and is always in small quantity. In the lower coal-measure shale near 
Fprt Dodge, a small mass was found in the form of an intercalated layer, which 
had a distinct fibrous structure, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of 
the layer. The same mass had also distinct, horizontal planes of cleavage at 
right angles with the perpendicular fibers. Thus, being more or less transpa- 
rent, the mass combined the characters of both fibrous gypsum and selenite. 
No anhydrous sulphate of lime [anhydrite) has been found in connection with 
the great gypsum deposit, nor elsewhere in Iowa, so far as yet known. 

SULPHATE OF STRONTIA. 
( Celes'.ine. ) 

The only locality at which this interesting mineral has yet been found in 
Iowa, or, so far as is known, in the great valley of the Mississippi, is at Fort 
Dodge. It occurs there in very small quantity in both the shales of the lower 
coal measures and in the clays that overlie the gypsum deposit, and which are 
regarded as of the same age with it. The first is just below the city, near Rees' 
coal bank, and occurs as a layer intercalated among the coal measure shales, 
amounting in quantity to only a few hundred pounds' Aveight. The mineral is 
fibrous and crystalline, the fibers being perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 
Breaking also with more or less distinct horizontal planes of cleavage, it resem- 
bles, in physical character, the layer of fibro-crystalline gypsum before men- 
tioned. Its color is light blue, is transparent and shows crystaline facets upon 
both the upper and under surfaces of the layer ; those of the upper surface 
being smallest and most numerous. It breaks up readily into small masses 
along the lines of the perpendicular fibers or columns. The layer is probably 
not more than a rod in extent in any direction and about three inches in maxi- 
mum thickness. Apparent lines of stratification occur in it, corresponding with 
those of the shales which imbed it. 

The other deposit was still smaller in amount, and occurred as a mass of 
crystals imbedded in the clays that overlie the gypsum at Cummins' quarry in 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 137 

the valley of Soldier Creek, upon the north side of the town. The mineral is 
in this case nearly colorless, and but for the form of the separate crystals would 
closely resemble masses of impure salt. The crystals are so closely aggregated 
that they enclose but little impurity in the mass, but in almost all cases their 
fundamental forms are obscured. This mineral has almost no real practical 
value, and its occurrence, as described, is interesting only as a mineralogical 
fact. 

SULPHATE OF BARYTA. 

[Barytes, Heavy Spar.) 

This mineral has been found only in minute quantities in Iowa. It has 
been detected in the coal-measure shales of Decatur, Madison and Marion 
Counties, the Devonian limestone of Johnson and Bremer Counties and in the 
lead caves of Dubuque. In all these cases, it is in the form of crystals or small 
crystalline masses. 

SULPHATE OF MAGNESIA. 

[Epsomite.) 

Epsomite, or native epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, 
we have thus recognized in Iowa all the sulphates of the alkaline earths of 
natural origin ; all of them, except the sulphate of lime, being in very small 
quantity. Even if the sulphate of magnesia were produced in nature, in large 
quantities, it is so very soluble that it can accumulate only in such positions as 
afford it complete shelter from the rains or running water The epsomite 
mentioned was found beneath the overhanging cliff of Burlington limestone, 
near Starr's mill, which are represented in the sketch upon another page, illus- 
trating the subcarboniferous rocks. It occurs in the form of efflorescent encrus- 
tations upon the surface of stones and in similar small fragile masses among the 
fine debris that has fallen down beneath the overhanging cliff. The projection 
of the cliff over the perpendicular face of the strata beneath amounts to near 
twenty feet at the point where epsomite was found. Consequently the rains 
never reach far beneath it from any quarter. The rock upon which the epsom- 
ite accumulates is an impure limestone, containing also some carbonate of mag- 
nesia, together with a small proportion of iron pyrites in a finely divided con- 
dition. It is doubtless by double decomposition of these that the epsomite re- 
sults. By experiments Avith this native salt in the office of the Survey, a fine 
article of epsom salts was produced, but the quantity that might be annually 
obtained there would amount to only a few pounds, and of course is of no prac- 
tical value whatever, on account of its cheapness in the market. 

CLIMATOLOGY. 

No extended record of the climatology of Iowa has been made, yet much of 
great value may be learned from observations made at a single point. Prof T, 
S. Parvin, of the State University, has recorded observations made from 1839 
to the present time. Previous to 1860, these observations were made at Mus- 



138 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



catine. Since that date, they were made in Iowa City. The result is that the 
atmospheric conditions of the climate of Iowa are in the highest degree favor- 
able to health. 

The highest temperature here occurs in August, while July is the hottest 
month in the year by two degrees, and January the coldest by three degrees. 

The mean temperature of April and October most nearly corresponds to the 
mean temperature of the year, as well as their seasons of Spring and Fall, 
while that of Summer and Winter is best represented in that of August and 
December. 

The period of greatest heat ranges from June 22d to August 31st ; the next 
mean time being July 27th. The lowest temperature extends from December 
16th to February 15th, the average being January 20th — the range in each 
case being two full months. 

The climate of Iowa embraces the range of that of New York, Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The seasons are not characterized by the 
frequent and sudden changes so common in the latitudes further south. The 
temperature of the Winters is somewhat lower than States eastward, but of other 
seasons it is higher. The atmosphere is dry and invigorating. The surface of 
the State being free at all seasons of the year from stagnant water, with good 
breezes at nearly all seasons, the miasmatic and pulmonary diseases are 
unknown. Mortuary statistics show this to be one of the most healthful States 
in the Union, being one death to every ninety-four persons. The Spring, 
Summer and Fall months are delightful ; indeed, the glory of Iowa is her 
Autumn, and nothing can transcend the splendor of her Indian Summer, which 
lasts for weeks, and finally blends, almost imperceptibly, into Winter. 




HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION. 

Iowa, in the symbolical and expressive lauguage of the aboriginal inhab- 
itants, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied to this 
magnificent and fruitful region by its ancient owners, to express their apprecia- 
tion of its superiority of climate, soil and location. Prior to 1803, the Mississippi 
River was the extreme western boundary of the United States. All the great 
empire lying west of the " Father of Waters," from the Gulf of Mexico on the 
south to British America on the north, and westward to the Pacific Ocean, was 
a Spanish province. A brief historical sketch of the discovery and occupation 
of this grand empire by the Spanish and French governments will be a fitting 
introduction to the history of the young and thriving State of Iowa, which, 
until the commencement of the present century, was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in America. 

Early in the Spring of 1*542, fifty years after Columbus discovered the New 
World, and one hundred and thirty years before the French missionaries discov- 
ered its upper waters, Ferdinand De Soto discovered the mouth of the Mississippi 
River at the mouth of the Washita. After the sudden death of De Soto, in 
May of the same year, his followers built a small vessel, and in July, 1543, 
descended the great river to the Gulf of Mexico. 

In accordance Avith the usage of nations, under which title to the soil was 
claimed by right of discovery, Spain, having conquered Florida and discovered 
the Mississippi, claimed all the territory bordering on that river and the Gulf of 
Mexico. But it was also held by the European nations that, while discovery 
gave title, that title must be perfected by actual possession and occupation. 
Although Spain claimed the territory by right of first discovery, she made no 
effort to occupy it; by no permanent settlement had she perfected and held her 
title, and therefore had forfeited it when, at a later period, the Lower Mississippi 
Valley was re-discovered and occupied by France. 

The unparalleled labors of the zealous Fic nc'i Jesuits of Canada in ])enetrating 
the unknown region of the West, commencing in 1611, form a history of no ordi- 
nary interest, but have no particular connection with the scope of the present 
work, until in the Fall of 1665. Pierre Claude Allouez, who had entered Lake 
Superior in September, and sailed along the southern coast in search of copper, 
had arrived at the great village of tlie Chippewas at Chegoincegon. Here a 
grand council of some ten or twelve of the principal Indian nations was held. 
The Pottawatomies of Lake Michigan, the Sacs and Foxes of the West, the 
Hurons from the North, the Illinois from the South, and the Sioux from the 
land of the prairie and wild rice, were all assembled there. The Illinois told 



140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the story of their ancient glory and about the noble river on the banks of -which 
they dwelt. The Sioux also told their white brother of the same great river, 
and Allouez promised to the assembled tribes the protection of the French 
nation against all their enemies, native or foreign. 

The purpose of discovering the great river about which the Indian na- 
tions had given such glowing accounts appears to have originated with Mar- 
quette, in 1669. In the year previous, he and Claude Dablon had established 
the Mission of St. Mary's, the oldest white settlement within the present limits 
of the State of Michigan. Marquette was delayed in the execution of his great 
undertaking, and spent the interval in studying the language and habits of the 
Illinois Indians, among whom he expected to ti\avel. 

About this time, the French Government had determined to extend the do- 
minion of France to the extreme western borders of Canada. Nicholas Perrot 
was sent as the agent of the government, to propose a grand council of the 
Indian nations, at St. Mary's. 

When Perrot reached Green Bay, he extended the invitation far and near ; 
and, escorted by Pottawatomies, repaired on a mission of peace and friend- 
ship to the Miamis, who occupied the region about the present location of 
Chicago. 

In May, 1671, a great council of Indians gathered at the Falls of St. 
Mary, from all parts of the Northwest, from the head Avaters of the St. Law- 
rence, from the valley of the Mississippi and from the Red River of the North. 
Perrot met with them, and after grave consultation, formally announced to the 
assembled nations that their good French Father felt an abiding interest in their 
welfare, and had placed them all under the powerful protection of the French 
Government. 

Marquette, during that same year, had gathered at Point St. Ignace the 
vemn ants of one branch of the Hurons. This station, for a long series of 
years, was considered the key to the unknown West. 

The time was now auspicious for the consummation of Marquette's grand 
project. The successful termination of Perrot's mission, and the general friend- 
liness of the native tribes, rendered the contemplated expedition much less per- 
ilous. But it was not until 1673 that the intrepid and enthusiastic priest was 
finally ready to depart on his daring and perilous journey to lands nevpr trod by 
white men. 

The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to witness his departure, 
were astounded at the boldness of the proposed undertaking, and tried to dis- 
courage him, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel 
and bloodthirsty, and would resent the intrusion of strangers upon their domain. 
The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters, who could 
swallow both canoes and men. 

But Marquette was not to be diverted from his purpose by these fearful re- 
ports. He assured his dusky friends that he was ready to make any sacrifice, 
even to lay down his life for the sacred cause in which he was engaged. He 
prayed with them ; and having implored the blessing of God upon his undertak- 
ing, on the 13th day of May, 1673, with Joliet and five Canadian-French voy- 
ageurs, or boatmen, he left the mission on his daring journey. Ascending 
Green Bay and Fox River, these bold and enthusiastic pioneers of religion and 
discovery proceeded until they reached a Miami and Kickapoo village, where 
Marquette was delighted to find " a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the 
town, ornamented with wliite skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which 
these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank Him for 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOWA.^ 141 

the pity He had bestowed on them during the Winter, in having given them 
abundant chase." 

This was the extreme point beyond which the explorations of the French 
missionaries had not then extended. Here Marquette was instructed by his 
Indian hosts in the secret of a root that cures the bite of the venomous rattle- 
snake, drank mineral water with them and was entertained Avith generous hos- 
pitality. He called together the principal men of the village, and informed 
them that his companion, Joliet, had been sent by the French Governor of Can- 
ada to discover new countries, to be added to the dominion of France ; but that 
he. himself, had been sent by the Most High God, to carry the glorious religion 
of the Cross ; and assured his wondering hearers that on this mission he had 
no fear of death, to which he knew he would be exposed on his perilous journeys. 

Obtaining the services of two Miami guides, to conduct his little band to the 
Wisconsin River, he left the hospitable Indians on the 10th of June. Conduct- 
ing them across the portage, their Indian guides returned to their village, and 
the little party descended the Wisconsin, to the great river which had so long 
been so anxiously looked for, and boldly floated down its unknown waters. 

On the 25th of June, the explorers discovered indications of Indians on the 
west bank of the river and land -d a little above the mouth of the river now 
known as Des Moines, and for the first time Europeans trod the soil of Iowa. 
Leaving the Canadians to guard the canoes, Marquette and Joliet boldly fol- 
lowed the trail into the interior for fourteen miles (some authorities say six), to 
an Indian village situate on the banks of a river, and discovered two other vil- 
lages, on the rising ground about half a league distant. Their visit, while it 
cre:;ted much astonishment, did not seem to be entirely unexpected, for there 
was a tradition or prophecy among the Indians tliat white visitors were to come 
to rhera. They were, therefore, received with great respect and hospitality, and 
were cordially tendered the calumet or pipe of peace. They were informed that 
this band was a part of the lUini nation and that their village was called Mon- 
in-gou-raa or Moingona, Avhich was the name of the river on which it stood. 
This, from its similarity of sound, Marquette corrupted into Des Moines 
(Monk's River), its present name. 

Here the voyagers remained six days, learning much of the manners and 
customs of their new friends. The new religion they boldly preached and the 
authority of the King of France they proclaimed were received without hos- 
tility or remonstrance by their savage entertainers. On their departure, they 
were accompanied to their canoes by the chiefs and hundreds of warriors. 
Marquette received from them the sacred calumet, the emblem of peace and 
safeguard among the nations, and re-embarked for the rest of his journey. 

It is needless to follow him further, as his explorations beyond his discovery 
of Iowa more properly belong to the history of another State. 

In 1682, La Salle descended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in 
the name of the King of France, took formal possession of all the immense 
region Avatered by tlie great river and its tributaries from its source to its mouth, 
and named it Louisiana, in honor of his master, Louis XIY. The river he 
called " Colbert," after the French Minister, and at its mouth erected a column 
and a cross bearing the inscription, in the French language, 

"Louis the Great, King of France and Navarre, 
Reigning April 9th, 1682." 

At the close of the seventeenth century, France claimed, by right of dis- 
covery and occupancy, the whole valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
including Texas, as far as the Rio del Norte. 



142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA 

The province of Louisiana stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the sources 
of the Tennessee, the Kanawha, the Allegheny and the Monongahela on the 
east, and the Missouri and the other great tributaries of the Father of Waters 
on the Avest. Says Bancroft, " France had obtained, under Providence, the 
guardianship of this immense district of country, not, as it proved, for her own 
benefit, but rather as a trustee for the infant nation by which it was one day to 
be inherited." 

By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions 
in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. France still retained 
Louisiana ; but tlie province had so far failed to meet the expectations of the 
crown and the people that a change in the government and policy of the country 
was deemed indispensable. Accordingly, in 1711, the province was placed in 
the hands of a Governor General, with headquarters at Mobile. This govern- 
ment was of brief duration, and in 1712 a charter was granted to Anthony 
Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, giving him the entire control and mo- 
nopoly of all the trade and resources of Louisiana. But this scheme also failed. 
Crozat met with no success in his commercial operations ; every Spanish harbor 
on the Gulf was closed against his vessels ; the occupation of Louisiana was 
deemed an encroachment on Spanish territory ; Spain was jealous of the am- 
bition of France. 

Failing in his efforts to open the ports of the district, Crozat "sought to 
develop the internal resources of Louisiana, by causing trading posts to be 
opened, and explorations to be made to its remotest borders. But he 
actually accomplished nothing for the advancement of the colony. The only 
prosperity which it ever ])ossessed grew out of the enterprise of humble indi- 
viduals, who had succeeded in instituting a little barter b?twejn themselves 
and the natives, and a petty trade with neighboring European settlements. 
After a persevering effort of nearly five years, he surrendered his charter in 
August, 1717." 

Immediately following the surrender of his charter by Crozat, another and 
more magnificent scheme was inaugurated. The national government of France 
was deeply involved in debt; the colonies were nearly bankrupt, and John Law 
appeared on the scene with his famous Mississippi Company, as the Louisiana 
branch of the Bank of France. The charter granted to this company gave it a 
legal existence of twenty-five years, and conferred upon it more extensive powers 
and privileges than had been granted to Crozat. It invested the new company 
with the exclusive privilege of the entire commerce of Louisiana, and of New 
France, and with authority to enforce their rights. The Company was author- 
ized to monopolize all the trade in the country ; to make treaties with the 
Indians; to declare and prosecute war; to grant lands, erect forts, open mines 
of precious metals, levy taxes, nominate civil officers, commission those of the 
army, and to appoint and remove judges, to cast cannon, and build and equip 
ships of war. All this was to be done with the paper currency of John Law's 
Bank of France. He had succeeded in getting His Majesty the French King 
to adopt and sanction his scheme of financial operations both in France and in 
the colonies, and probably there never was such a huge financial bubble ever 
blown by a visionary theorist. Still, such Avas the condition of France that it 
was accepted as a national deliverance, and Law became tlic most powerful man 
in France. He became a Catholic, and was appointed Comptroller General of 
Finance. 

Among the first operations of the Company was to send eight hundred 
emigrants to Louisiana, who arrived at Dauphine Island in 1718. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 143 

In 1719, Philipc Francis Renault arrived in Illinois with two hundred 
miners and artisans. The war between France and Spain at this time rendered 
it extremely probable that the Mississippi Valley might become the theater of 
Spanish hostilities against the French settlements ; to prevent this, as well as to 
extend French claims, a chain of forts was begun, to keep open the connection 
between the mouth and the sources of the Mississippi. Fort Orleans, high up 
the Mississippi River, was erected as an outpost in 1720. 

The Mississippi scheme was at the zenith of its power and glory in January, 
1720, but the gigantic bubble collapsed more suddenly than it had been inflated, 
and the Company was declared hopelessly bankrupt in May following. France 
was impoverished by it, both private and public credit were overthrown, capi- 
talists suddenly found themselves paupers, and labor was left without employ- 
ment. The effect on the colony of Louisiana was disastrous. 

While this was going on in Lower Louisiana, the region about the lakes was 
the theater of Indian hostilities, rendering the passage from Canada to Louisiana 
extremely dangerous for many years. The English had not only extended their 
Indian trade into the vicinity of the French settlements, but through their 
friends, the Iroquois, had gained a marked ascendancy over the Foxes, a fierce 
and powerful tribe, of Iroquois descent, whom they incited to hostilities against 
the French. The Foxes began their hostilities with the siege of Detroit in 
1712, a siege which they continued for nineteen consecutive days, and although 
the expedition resulted in diminishing their numbers and humbling their pride, 
yet it was not until after several successive campaigns, embodying the best 
military resources of New France, had been directed against them, that were 
finally defeated at the great battles of Butte des Morts, and on the Wisconsin 
River, and driven west in 1746. 

The Company, having found that the cost of defending Louisiana exceeded 
the returns from its commerce, solicited leave to surrender the Mississippi 
wilderness to the home government. Accordingly, on the 10th of April, 1732, 
the jurisdiction and control over the commerce reverted to the crown of France. 
The Company had held possession of Louisiana fourteen years. In 1735, Bien- 
ville returned to assume command for the King. 

A glance at a few of the old French settlements will show the progress made 
in portions of Louisiana during the early part of the eighteenth century. As 
early as 1705, traders and hunters had penetrated the fertile regions of the 
Wabash, and from this region, at that early date, fifteen thousand hides and 
skins had been collected and sent to Mobile for the European market. 

In the year 1716, the French population on the Wabash kept up a lucrative 
commerce with Mobile by means of traders and voyageurs. The Oliio River 
was comparatively unknown. 

In 1746, agriculture on the Wabash had attained to greater prosperity than 
in any of the French settlements besides, and in that year six hundred barrels 
of flour were manufactured and shipped to New Orleans, together with consider- 
able quantities of hides, peltry, tallow and beeswax. 

In the Illinois country, also, considerable settlements had been made, so that, 
in 1730, they embraced one hundred and forty French families, about six 
hundred "converted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. 

In 1753, the first actual ponflict arose between Louisiana and the Atlantic 
colonies. From the earliest advent of the Jesuit fathers, up to the period "of 
which we speak, the great ambition of the French had been, not alone to preserve 
their possessions in the West, but by every possible means to prevent the 
slightest attempt of the English, east of the mountains, to extend their settle- 



144 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

ments toward the Mississippi. France was resolved on retaining possession of 
the great territory which her missionaries had discovered and revealed to the 
world. French commandants had avowed their purpose of seizing every 
Englishman within the Ohio Valley. 

The colonies of Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia were most affected by 
the encroachments of France in the extension of her dominion, and particularly 
in the great scheme of uniting Canada with Luuisiana. To carry out this 
purpose, the French had taken possession of a tract of country claimed by Vir- 
ginia, and had commenced a line of forts extending from the lakes to the Ohio 
River. Virginia was not only alive to her own interests, but attentive to the 
vast importance of an immediate and effectual resistance on the part of all 
the English colonies to the actual and contemplated encroachments of the 
French, 

In 17o3, Governor Dinwiddle, of Virginia, sent George Washington, then a 
young man just twenty-one, to demand of the French commandant " a reason 
for invading British dominions while a solid peace subsisted." Washington met 
the French commandant, Gardeur de St. Pierre, on the head waters of the 
Alleghany, and having communicated to him the object of his journey, received 
the insolent answer that the French would not discuss the matter of right, but 
would make prisoners of every Englishman found trading on the Ohio and its 
waters. The country, he said, belonged to the French, by virtue of the dis- 
coveries of La Salle, and they would not withdraw from it. 

In January, 1754, Washington returned to Virginia, and made his report to 
the Governor and Council. Forces were at oftce raised, and Washington, us 
Lieutenant Colonel, was dispatched at the head of a hundred and fifty men, to 
the forks of the Ohio, with orders to "finish the fort already begun there by the 
Ohio Company, and to make prisoners, kill or destroy all who interrupted the 
English settlements." 

On his march through the forests of Western Pennsylvania, Washington, 
through the aid of friendly Indians, discovered the French concealed among the 
rocks, and as they ran to seize their arms, ordered his men to fire upon them, at 
the same time, with his own musket, setting the example. An action lasting 
about a quarter of an hour ensued ; ten of the Frenchmen were killed, among 
them Jumonville, the commander of the party, and twenty-one were made pris- 
oners. The dead were scalped by the Indians, and the chief, bearing a toma- 
hawk and a scalp, visited all the tribes of the Miamis, urging them to join the 
Six Nations and the English against the French. The French, however, were 
soon re-enforced, and Col. Washington was compelled to return to Fort 
Necessity. Here, on the 3d day of July, De Villiers invested the fort with 
600 French troops and lOD Indians. "^On the 4th, Washington accepted 
terms of capitulation, and the English garrison withdrew from the valley of 
the Ohio. 

This attack of Washington upon Jumonville aroused the indignation of 
France, and war was formally declared in May, 1756, and the " French and 
Indian War" devastated the colonies for several years. Montreal, Detroit 
and all Canada were surrendered to the English, and on the 10th of February, 
1763, by the treaty of Paris — which had been signed, though not formally ratified 
by the respective governments, on the 3dof November, 1762 — France relinquished 
to Great Britian all that portion of the province of Louisiana lying on the east 
side of the Mississippi, except the island and town of New Orleans. On the 
same day that the treaty of Paris was signed, France, by a secret treaty, ceded 
to Spain all her possessions on the west side of the Mississippi, including the 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 145 

whole country to the head waters of the Great River, and west to the Rocky 
Mountains, and the jurisdiction of France in America, which had lasted nearly 
a century, was ended. 

At the close of the Revolutionary war, by the treaty of peace between Great 
Britain and the United States, the English Government ceded to the latter 
all the territory on the east side of the Mississippi River and north of the thirty- 
first parallel of north latitude. At the same time, Great Britain ceded to 
Spain all the Floridas, comprising all the territory east of the Mississippi and 
south of the southern limits of the United States. 

At this time, therefore, the present State of Iowa was a part of the Spanish 
possessions in North America, as all the territory west of the Mississippi River 
was under the dominion of Spain. That government also possessed all the 
territory of the Floridas east of the great river and south of the thirty-first 
parallel of north latitude. The Mississippi, therefore, so essential to the pros- 
perity of the western portion of the United States, for the last three hundred 
miles of its course flowed wholly within the Spanish dominions, and that govern- 
ment claimed the exclusive right to use and control it below the southern boun- 
dary of the United States. 

The free navigation of the Mississippi was a very important question during 
all the time that Louisiana remained a dependency of the Spanish Crown, and 
as the final settlement intimately affected the status of the then future State 
of Iowa, it will be interesting to trace its progress. 

The people of the United States occupied and exercised jurisdiction over 
the entire eastern valley of the Mississippi, embracing all the country drained 
by its eastern tributaries ; they had a natural right, according to the accepted in- 
ternational law, to follow these rivers to the sea, and to the use of the Missis- 
sippi River accordingly, as the great natural channel of commerce. The river 
was not only necessary but absolutely indispensable to the prosperity and growth 
of the western settlements then rapidly rising into commercial and political 
importance. They were situated in the heart of the great valley, and with 
wonderfully expansive energies and accumulating resources, it was very evident 
that no power on earth could deprive them of the free use of the river below 
them, only while their numbers were insuificient to enable them to maintain 
their right by force. Inevitably, therefore, immediately after the ratification of 
the treaty of 1783, the Western people began to demand the free navigation 
of the Mississippi — not as a favor, but as a right. In 1786, both banks of 
the river, below the mouth of the Ohio, were occupied by Spain, and military 
posts on the east bank enforced her power to exact heavy duties on all im- 
ports by way of the river for the Ohio regioVi. Every boat descending the 
river was forced to land and submit to the arbitrary revenue exactions of the 
Spanish authorities. Under the administration of Governor Miro, these rigor- 
ous exactions were somewhat relaxed from 1787 to 1790 ; but Spain held it as 
her right to make them. Taking advantage of the claim of the American people, 
that the Mississippi should be opened to them, in 1791, the Spanish Govern- 
ment concocted a scheme for the dismembership of the Union. The plan was 
to induce the Western people to separate from the Eastern States by liberal land 
grants and extraordinary commercial privileges. 

Spanish emissaries, among the people of Oliio and Kentucky, informed them 
that the Spanish Government would grant them favorable commercial privileges, 
provided they would secede from the Federal Government east of the mountains. 
The Spanish Minister to the United States plainly declared to his confidential 
correspondent that, unless the Western people Avould declare their independence 



146 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and refuse to remain in the Union, Spain was determined never to grant the 
free navigation of the Mississippi. 

By the treaty of Madrid, October 20, 1795, however, Spain formally stip- 
ulated that the Mississippi River, from its source to the Gulf, for its entire width, 
should be free to American trade and commerce, and that the people of the 
United States should be permitted, for three years, to use the port of New 
Orleans as a port of deposit for their merchandise and produce, duty free. 

In November, 1801, the United States Government received, through Rufus 
King, its Minister at the Court of St. James, a copy of the treaty between Spain 
and France, signed at Madrid March 21, 1801, by which the cession of Loui- 
siana to France, made the previous Autumn, was confirmed. 

The change offered a favorable opportunity to secure the just rights of the 
United States, in relation to the free navigation of the Mississippi, and ended 
the attempt to dismember the Union by an effort to secure an independent 
government west of the Alleghany Mountains. On the 7th of January, 1803, 
the American House of Representatives adopted a resolution declaring their 
" unalterable determination to maintain the boundaries and the rights of navi- 
gation and commerce through the River Mississippi, as established by existing 
treaties." 

In the same month, President Jefferson nominated and the Senate confirmed 
Robert R. Livingston and James Monroe as Envoys Plenipotentiary to the 
Court of France, and Charles Pinckney and James Monroe to the Court of 
Spain, with plenary powers to negotiate treaties to effect the object enunciated 
by the popular branch of the National Legislature. These envoys were in- 
structed to secure, if possible, the cession of Florida and New Orleans, but it 
does not appear that Mr. Jefferson and his Cabinet had any idea of purchasing 
that part of Louisiana lying on the west side of the Mississippi. In fact, on 
the 2d of March following, the instructions were sent to our Ministers, contain- 
ing a plan which expressly left to France "all her territory on the west side of 
the Mississippi." Had these instructions been followed, it might have been that 
there would not have been any State of Iowa or any other member of the glori- 
ous Union of States west of the "Father of Waters." 

In obedience to his instructions, however, Mr. Livingston broached this 
plan to M. Talleyrand, Napoleon's Pri;ne Minister, when that courtly diplo- 
matist quietly suggested to the American Minister that France tnight be willing 
to cede the whole French domain in North America to the United States, and 
asked how much the Federal Government would be willing to give for it. Liv- 
ingston intimated that twenty millions of francs might be a fair price. Talley- 
rand thought that not enough, but asked the Americans to " think of it." A 
few days later, Napoleon, in an interview with Mr. Livingston, in effect informed 
the American Envoy that he had secured Louisiana in a contract with Spain 
for the purpose of turning it over to the United States for a mere nominal sum. 
He had been compelled to provide for the safety of that province by the treaty, 
and he was " anxious to give the United States a magnificent bargain for a 
mere trifle." The price proposed was one hundred and twenty-five million 
francs. This was subsequently modified to fifteen million dollars, and on this 
basis a treaty was negotiated, and was signed on the 30th day of April, 1808. 

This treaty was ratified by the Federal Government, and by act of Congress, 
approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United States was authorized 
to take possession of the territory and provide for it a temporary government. 
Accordingly, on the 20th day of December following, on behalf of the Presi- 
dent, Gov. Claii-borno and Gen. Wilkinson took possession of the Louisiana 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 147 

purchase, and raised the American flag over the newly acquired domain, at New 
Orleans. Spain, although it had by treaty ceded the province to France in 
1801, still held quasi possession, and at first objected to the transfer, but with- 
drew her opposition early in 1804. 

By this treaty, thus successfully consummated, and the peaceable withdrawal 
of Spain, the then infant nation of the New World extended its dominion west 
of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, and north from the Gulf of Mexico to 
British America. 

If the original design of Jefferson's administration had been accomplished, 
the United States would have acquired only that portion of the French territory 
lying east of the Mississippi River, and while the American people would thus 
have acquired the free navigation of that great river, all of the vast and fertile 
empire on the west, so rich in its agricultural and inexhaustible mineral 
resources, Avould have remained under the dominion of a foreign power. To 
Napoleon's desire to sell the whole of his North American possessions, and Liv- 
ingston's act transcending his instructions, which was acquiesced in after it was 
done, does Iowa owe her position as a part of the United States by the 
Louisiana purchase. 

By authority of an act of Congress, aj^proved March 26, 1804, the newly 
acquired territory was, on the 1st day of October following, divided : that part 
lying south of the 33d parallel of north latitude was called the Territory of 
Orleans, and all north of that parallel the District of Louisiana, which was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory, until July 4, 1805, when 
it was organized, with territorial government of its own, and so remained until 
1812, when the Territory of Orleans became the State of Louisiana, and the 
name of the Territory of Louisiana was changed to Missouri. On the 4th of 
July, 1814, that part of Missouri Territory comprising the present State of 
Arkansas, and the country to the westward, was organized into the Arkansas 
Territory. 

On the 2d of March, 1821, the State of Missouri, being a part of the Terri- 
tory of that name, was admitted to the Union. June 28, 1834, the territory 
west of the Mississippi River and north of Missouri was made a part of the 
Territory of Michigan ; but two years later, on the 4th of July, 1836, Wiscon- 
sin Territory was erected, embracing within its limits the present States of 
Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 

By act of Congress, approved June 12, 1838, the 

TERRITORY OF IOWA 

was erected, comprising, in addition to the present State, much the larger part 
of Minnesota, and extending north to the boundary of the British Possessions. 

THE ORIGINAL OWNERS. 

Having traced the early history of the great empire lymg west of the Mis- 
sissippi, of which the State of Iowa constitutes a part, from the earliest dis- 
covery to the organization of the Territory of Iowa, it becomes necessary to 
give some history of 

THE INDIANS OF IOWA. 

According to the policy of the European nations, possession perfected title 
to any territory. We have seen that the country west of the Mississippi was first 
discovered by the Spaniards, but afterward, was visited and occupied by the 
French. It was ceded by France to Spain, and by Spain back to France again, 



148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and then was purchased and occupied by the United States. During all that 
time, it does not appear to have entered into the heads or hearts of the high 
contracting parties that the country they bought, sold and gave away was in 
the possession of a race of men who, although savage, owned the vast domain 
before Columbus first crossed the Atlantic. Having purchased the territory, 
the United States found it still in the possession of its original owners, who had 
never been dispossessed ; and it became necessary to purchase again what had 
already been bought before, or forcibly eject the occupants; therefore, the his- 
tory of the Indian nations wdio occupied Iowa prior to and during its early set- 
tlement by the whites, becomes an important chapter in the history of the State, 
that cannot be omitted. 

For more than one hundred years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin 
soil of Iowa, not a single settlement had been made or attempted ; not even a 
trading post had been established. The whole country remained in the undis- 
puted possession of the native tribes, who roamed at will over her beautiful and 
fertile prairies, hunted in her woods, fished in her streams, and often poured out 
their life-blood in obstinately contested contests for supremacy. That this State 
so aptly styled "The Beautiful Land," had been the theater of numerous, 
fierce and bloody struggles between rival nations, for possession of the favored 
region, long before its settlement by civilized man, there is no room for doubt. 
In these savage wars, the weaker party, Avhether aggressive or defensive, was 
either exterminated or driven from their ancient hunting grounds. 

In 1673, when Marquette discovered Iowa, the lUini were a very powerful 
people, occupying a large portion of the State ; but when the country was again 
visited by the whites, not a remnant of that once powerful tribe remained on 
the west side of the Mississippi, and Iowa was principally in the possession of 
the Sacs and Foxes, a warlike tribe which, originally two distinct nations, 
residing in New York and on the waters of the St. Lawrence, had gradually 
fought their way westward, and united, probably, after the Foxes had been driven 
out of the Fox River country, in 1846, and crossed the Mississippi. The death 
of Pontiac, a famous Sac chieftain, was made the pretext for war against the 
mini, and a fierce and bloody struggle ensued, which continued until the Illinois 
were nearly destroyed and their hunting grounds possessed by their victorious 
foes. The lowas also occupied a portion of the State for a time, in common 
with the Sacs, but they, too, were nearly destroyed by the Sacs and Foxes, and, 
in "The Beautiful Land," these' natives met their equally warlike foes, the 
Morthern Sioux, with whom they maintained a constant warfare for the posses- 
sion of the country for many years. 

When the L^nited States came in possession of the great valley of the Mis- 
sissippi, by the Louisiana purchase, the Sacs and Foxes and lowas possessed 
the entire territory now comprising the State of Iowa. The Sacs and Foxes, 
alsor occupied the most of the State of Illinois. 

The Sacs had four principal villages, wdiere most of them resided, viz. : 
Their largest and most important town — if an Indian village may be called 
such — and from which emanated most of the obstacles and difficulties encoun- 
tered by the Government in the extinguishment of Indian titles to land in this 
region, was on Rock River, near Rock Island ; another was on the east bank of 
the Mississippi, near the mouth of Henderson River ; the third was at the 
head of the Des iSIoines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose, and the fourth 
was near the mouth of the Upper Iowa. 

The Foxes had three principal villages, viz. : One on the west side of the 
Mississippi, six miles above the rapids of Rock River ; another about twelve 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 149 

miles from the river, in the rear of the Dubuque lead mines, and the third on 
Turkey River. 

The loAvas, at one time identified Avith the Sacs, of Rock River, had with- 
drawn from them and become a separate tribe. Their principal village was on 
the Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, on the site Avhere lowaville now 
stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the lowas 
was fought, in Avhicli Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division 
of the attacking forces. The following account of the battle has been given : 

" Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was commenced in the day 
time, the attending circumstances justifying this departure from the well settled usages of Indian 
warfare. The battle field was a level river bottom, about four miles in lecgth, and two miles 
wide near the middle, narrowing to a point at either end. The m^in area of this bottom rises 
perhaps twenty feet above the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along the shore, covered 
with trees that belted the prairie on the river side with a thick forest, and the immediate bank of 
the river was fringed with a dense growth of willows. Near the lower end of this prairie, near 
the river bank, was s.tuated the Iowa village. About two miles above it and near the middle of 
the prairie is a mound, covered at the time with a tuft of small trees and underbrush growing on 
its summit. In the rear of this little elevation or mound lay a belt of wet prairie, covered, at that 
lime, with a dense growth of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie on the north, the 
country rises abruptly into elevated broken river bluffs, covered with a heavy forest for many 
miles in extent, and in places thickly clustered with undergrowth, affording a convenient shelter 
for the stealthy approach of the foe. 

" Through this forest the Sac and Fox war party made their way in the night and secreted 
themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to remain in ambush during the day and 
make such observations as this near proximity to their intended victim might afford, to aid them 
in their contemplated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation their 
spies could take a full survey of the village, and watch every movement of the inhabitants, by 
which means they were soon convinced that the lowas had no suspicion of their presence. 

" At the foot of themound above mentioned, the lowas had their race course, where they diverted 
themselves with the excitement of horse racing, and schooled their young warriors in cavalry 
evolutions. In these exercises mock battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and 
defense carefidly inculcated, by which meansaskill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled. 
Unfortunately for them this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and wholly uncon- 
scious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the race ground, leaving most of 
their arms in the village and their old men and women and children unprotected. 

" Pash-a-po-po, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived at once the 
advantage this state of things afforded for a complete surprise of his now doomed victims, and 
ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warriors through the tall grass and gain tlie cover 
of the timber along the river bank, am-! with the utmost speed reach the village and commence 
the battle, while he remained with his division in the ambush to make a simultaneous as-ault on 
the unarmed men whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the races. The plan 
was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black Hawk with his forces reached the 
village undiscovered, and made a furious onslaught upon the defenseless inhabiiants, by firing 
one general volley into their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalp- 
ing knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as soon as the 
fire brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 

" On the instant ot the report of fire arms at the village, the forces under Pash-a-po-po 
leaped from their couchant position in the grass and sprang tiger-like upon the astonished and 
unarmed lowas in the mi<lst of their racing sports. The fir^t impulse of the latter naturally led 
them to make tlie utmost speed toward their arms in the village, and protect if possible their 
wives and ch.l Iren from the attack of their merciless assailants. The distance from tlie pl.ics of 
attack on the prairie was two miles, ami a great number fell in their flight by the bullets and 
tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a running fire the whole way, and 
the survivors only reached their tuwn in time to witness the horrors of its destruction. Tiieir 
whole village was in flames, and the dearest objects of their lives lay in slaugiiterod heaps 
amidst the devouring clement, and the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with ih > exultin" 
shouts of the victorious foe, filled their hearts with maddening despair. Their wives and cliildren 
who had been spared the general massacre were prisoners, and together with tlieir arms were in 
the hands of the victors ; and all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and 
defenseless forces, and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines River, 
which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position among the Soap Creek 
Hills." 

The Sacs and Foxes, prior to the settlement of their village on Rock River, 
had a fierce conflict with the Winnebagoes, subdued them and took Dossession 



150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of their lands. Their village on Rock River, at one time, contained upward of 
sixty lodges, and was among the largest Indian villages on the continent. In 
1825, the Secretary of War estimated the entire number of the Sacs and Foxes 
at 4,600 souls. Their village was situated in the immediate vicinity of the 
upper rapids of the Mississippi, where the beautiful and flourishing towns of 
Rock Island and Davenport are now situated. The beautiful scenery of the 
island, the extensive prairies, dotted over with groves ; the picturesque bluffs 
along the river banks, the rich and fertile soil, producing large crops of corn, 
squash and other vegetables, with little labor ; the abundance of wild fruit, 
game, fish, and almost everything calculated to make it a delightful spot for an 
Indian village, which was found there, had made this place a favorite home of 
the Sacs, and secured for it the strong attachment and veneration of the whole 
nation. 

North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the 
Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed possession with their 
rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
Western Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
hunting grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
and Foxes ; and after many a conflict and bloody struggle, n, boundary line was 
established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty 
held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difficulties, 
caused them to quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespasses upon 
each others side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so unre- 
lenting that, in 1830, Government bought of the respective tribes of the Sacs 
and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width, on both sides 
of the line, and thus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between them 
a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. Both the 
Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux, however, were allowed to fish and hunt on this 
ground unmolested, provided they did not interfere with each other on United 
States territory. The Sacs and Foxes and the Sioux were deadly enemies, and 
neither let an opportunity to punish the other pass unimproved. 

In April, 1852, a fight occurred between the Musquaka band of Sacs and 
Foxes and a band of Sioux, about six miles above Algona, in Kossuth County, 
on the west side of the Des Moines River. The Sacs and Foxes were under 
the leadership of Ko-ko-wah, a subordinate chief, and had gone up from their 
home in Tama County, by way of Clear Lake, to what was then the "neutral 
ground." At Clear Lake, Ko-ko-wah was informed that a party of Sioux were 
encamped on the west side of the East Fork of the Des Moines, and he deter- 
mined to attack them. With sixty of his warriors, he started and arrived at a 
point on the east side of the river, about a mile above the Sioux encampment, 
in the night, and concealed themselves in a grove, Avhere they were able to dis- 
cover the position and strength of their hereditary foes. The next morning, 
after many of the Sioux braves had left their camp on hunting tours, the vin- 
dictive Sacs and Foxes crossed the river and suddenly attacked the camp. The 
conflict was desperate for a short time, but the advantage was with the assail- 
ants, and the Sioux were routed. Sixteen of them, including some of their 
women and children, were killed, and a boy 14 years old was captured. One 
of the Musquakas was shot in tlie breast by a squaw as they were rushing into 
the Sioux's camp. He started to run away, when the same brave squaw shot 
him through the body, at a distance of twenty rods, and he fell dead. Three 
other Sac braves were killed. But few of the Sioux escaped. The victorious 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 151 

party hurriedly buried their own dead, leaving the dead Sioux above ground, 
and made their way home, with their captive, with all possible expedition. 

pike's expedition. 

Very soon after the acquisition of Louisiana, the United States Government 
adopted measures for the exploration of the new territory, having in view the 
conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and, 
also, the selection of proper sites for the establishment of military posts and 
trading stations. The Army of the West, Gen. James Wilkinson commanding, 
had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post, Captains Lewis and Clark, 
with a sufficient force, were detailed to explore the unknown sources of the 
Missouri, and Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head waters of the Mis- 
sissippi. Lieut. Pike, with one Sergeant, two Corporals and seventeen privates, 
left the military camp, near St. Louis, in a keel-boat, with four months' rations, 
on the 9th day of August, 1805. On the 20th of the same month, the expe- 
dition arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines 
Rapids, where Pike met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian 
Agent at this point, a French interpreter and four chiefs and fifteen Sac and 
Fox warriors. 

At the head of the Rapids, where Montrose is now situated. Pike held a 
council with the Indians, in which he addressed them substantially as follows : 
" Your great Father, the President of the United States, wished to be more 
intimately acquainted with the situation and wants of the different nations of 
red people in our newly acquired territory of Louisiana, and has ordered the 
General to send a number of his warriors in different directions to take them by 
the hand and make such inquiries as might afford the satisfaction required." 
At the close of the council he presented the red men with some knives, whisky 
and tobacco. 

Pursuing his way up the river, he arrived, on the 23d of August, at what is 
supposed, from his description, to be the site of the present city of Burlington, 
which he selected as the location of a military post. He describes the place as 
being " on a hill, about forty miles above the River de Moyne Rapids, on the 
west side of the river, in latitude about 41° 21' north. The channel of the 
river runs on that shore; the hill in front is about sixty feet perpendicular; 
nearly level on top ; four hundred yards in the rear is a small prairie fit for 
gardening, and immediately under the hill is a limestone spring, sufficient for 
the coijsumption of a whole regiment." In addition to this description, which 
corresponds to Burlington, the spot is laid down on his map at a bend in the 
river, a short distance below the mouth of the Henderson, which pours its waters 
into the Mississippi from Illinois. The fort was built at Fort Madison, but from 
the distance, latitude, description and maj) furnished by Pike, it could not have 
been the place selected by him, while all the circumstances corroborate the 
opinion that the place he selected was the spot where Burlington is now located, 
called by the early voyagers on the Mississippi, "Flint Hills." 

On the 24th, with one of his men, he went on shore on a hunting expedition, 
and following a stream which they supposed to be a part of the Mississippi, they 
were led away from their course. Owing to the intense heat and tall grass, his 
two favorite dogs, which he had taken with him, became exhausted and he left 
them on the prairie, supposing that they would follow him as soon as they 
should get rested, and went on to overtake his boat. Reaching the river, he 
waited sometime for his canine friends, but they did not come, and as he deemed 
it inexpedient to detain the boat longer, two of his men volunteered to go in pur- 



152 - HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

suit of them, and he continued on his way up the river, expecting that the two 
men woukl soon overtake hira. They lost their way, however, and for six days 
were without food, except a few morsels gathered from the stream, and might 
have perished, had they not accidentally met a trader from St. Louis, who in- 
duced two Indians to take them up the river, and they overtook the boat at 
Dubuque. 

At Dubuque, Pike was cordially received by Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman, 
who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain. Dubuque had an old field 
piece and fired a salute in honor of the advent of the first Americans who had 
visited that part of the Territory. Dubuque, however, was not disposed to pub- 
lish the wealth of his mines, and the young and evidently inquisitive officer 
obtained but little information from him. 

After leaving this place, Pike pursued his way up the river, but as he passed 
beyond the limits of the present State of Iowa, a detailed history of his explo- 
rations on the upper waters of the Mississippi more properly belongs to the his- 
tory of another State. 

It is sufficient to say that on the site of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, at the 
mouth of the Minnesota River, Pike held a council with the Sioux, September 
23, and obtained from them a grant of one hundred thousand acres of land. 
On the 8th of January, 1806, Pike arrived at a trading post belonging to the 
Northwest Company, on Lake De Sable, in latitude 47°. At this time the 
then powerful Northwest Company carried on their immense operations from 
Hudson's Bay to the St. Lawrence; up that river on both sides, along the great 
lakes to the head of Lake Superior, thence to the sources of the Red River of 
the north and west, to the Rocky Mountains, embracing within the scope of 
their operations the entire Territory of Iowa. After successfully accomplishing 
his mission, and performing a valuable service to Iowa and the whole Northwest, 
Pike returned to St. Louis, arriving there on the 30th of April, 1806. 

INDIAN AVARS. 

The Territory of Iowa, although it had been purchased by the United States, 
and was ostensibly in the posses:>ion of the Government, was still occupied by 
the Indians, who claimed title to the soil by right of ownership and possession. 
Before it could be open to settlement by the whites, it was indispensable that 
the Indian title should be extinguished and the original owners removed. The 
accomplishment of this purpose required the expenditure of large sums of 
money and blood, and for a long series of years the frontier was disturbed by 
Indian wars, terminated repeatedly by treaty, only to be renewed by some act 
of oppression on the part of the whites or some violation of treaty stipulation. 

As previously shown, at the time when the United States assumed the con- 
trol of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State 
was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, a powerful and Avarlike nation, who 
were not disposed to submit without a struggle to what they considered the 
encroachments of the pale faces. 

Among the most noted chiefs, and one whose restlessness and hatred of the 
Americans occasioned more trouble to the Government than any other of his 
tribe, Avas Black Hawk, who was born at the Sac village, on Rock River, in 
1767. He was simply the chief of his own band of Sac Avarriors, but by his 
energy and ambition he became the leading spirit of the united nation of Sacs 
and Foxes, and one of the prominent figures in the history of the country from 
1804 until his death. In early manhood he attained some distinction as a 
fighting chief, having led campaigns against the Osages, and other neighboring 



I 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 153 

tribes. About the beginning of the present century he began to appear prom- 
inent in affairs on the Mississippi. Some liistorians have added to the statement 
that " it does not appear that he was ever a great general, or possessed any of 
the qualifications of a successful leader." If this was so, his life was a marvel. 
How any man who had none of the qualifications of a leader became so prom- 
inent as such, as he did, indicates either that he had some ability, or that his 
cotemporaries, both Indian and Anglo-Saxon, had less than he. He is said 
to have been the " victim of a narrow prejudice and bitter ill-Avill against the 
Americans," but the impartial historian must admit that if he was the enemy 
of theAmericans, it was certainly not without some reason. 

It will be remembered that Spain did not give up possession of the country 
to France on its cession to the latter power, in 1801, but retained possession of 
it, and, by the authority of France, transferred it to the United States, in 1804. 
Black Hawk and his band were in St. Louis at the time, and Avere invited to be 
present and witness the ceremonies of the transfer, but he refused the invitation, 
and it is but just to say that this refusal was caused probably more from 
regret that the Indians were to be transferred from the jurisdiction of the 
Spanish authorities than from any special hatred toward the Americans. In 
his life he says : " I found many sad and gloomy faces because the United 
States were about to take possession of the town and country. Soon after the 
Americans came, I took my band and went to take leave of our Spanish father. 
The Americans came to see him also. Seeing them approach, we passed out 
of one door as they entered another, and immediately started in our canoes for 
our village, on Rock River, not liking the change any more than our friends 
appeared to at St, Louis. On arriving at our village, we gave the news that 
strange people had arrived at St. Louis, and that we should never see our 
Spanish father again. The information made all our people sorry." 

On the 3d day of November, 1804, a treaty was concluded between William 
Henry Harrison, then Governor of Indiana Territory, on behalf of the United 
States, and five chiefs of the Sac and Fox nation, by which the latter, in con- 
sideration of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars' worth of goods 
then delivered, and a yearly annuity of one thousand dollars to be paid in 
goods at just cost, ceded to the United States all that land on the east side of 
the Mississppi, extending from a point opposite tlie Jefferson, in Missouri, to 
the Wisconsin River, embracing an area of over fifty-one millions of acres. 

To this treaty Black Hawk always objected and always refused to consider 
it binding upon his people. He asserted that the chiefs or braves who made it 
had no authority to relinquish the title of the nation to any of the lands they 
held or occupied ; and, moreover, that they had been sent to St. Louis on quite 
a different errand, namely, to get one of their people released, who had been 
imprisoned at St. Louis for killing a white man. 

The year following this treaty (1805), Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike came up 
the river for the purpose of holding friendly councils with the Indians and select- 
ing sites for forts within the territory recently acquired from France by the 
United States. Lieutenant Pike seems to have been the first American whom 
Black Hawk ever met or had a personal interview with ; and he Avas very much 
prepossessed in Pike's favor. He gives the following account of his visit to 
Rock Island : 

" A boat came up the river with a young American chief and a small party 
of soldiers. We heard of them soon after they passed Salt River. Some of our 
young braves watclied them every day, to see what sort of people he had on 
board. The boat at length arrived at Rock River, and the young chief came on 



154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

shore with his interpreter, and made a speech and gave us some presents. We 
in turn presented them with meat and such other provisions as we had to spare. 
We were well pleased with the young chief. He gave us good advice, and said 
our American father would treat us well." 

The events which soon followed Pike's expedition were the erection of Fort 
Edwards, at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and Fort Madison, on the site of the 
present town of that name, the latter being the first fort erected in Iowa. These 
movements occasioned great uneasiness among the Indians. When work was 
commenced on Fort Edwards, a delegation from their nation, headed by some- of 
their chiefs, went down to see what the Americans were doing, and had an in- 
terview with the commander ; after which they returned home apparently satis- 
fied. In like manner, when Fort Madison was being erected, they sent down 
another delegation from a council of the nation held at Rock River. Accord- 
ing to Black Hawk's account, the American chief told them that he was build- 
ing a house for a trader who Avas coming to sell them goods cheap, and that the 
soldiers were coming to keep him company— a statement which Black Hawk 
says they distrusted at the time, believing that the fort was an encroachment 
upon their rights, and designed to aid in getting their lands away from them. 

It lias been held by good American authorities, that the erection of Fort 
Madison at the point where it was located was a violation of the treaty of 1804. 
By the eleventh article of that treaty, the United States had a right to build a 
fort near the mouth of the Wisconsin River ; by article six they had bound 
themselves " that if any citizen of the United States or any other Avhite persons 
should form a settlement upon their lands, such intruders should forthwith be 
removed." Probably the authorities of the United States did not regard the 
establishment of military posts as coming properly within the meaning of the 
term "settlement," as used in the treaty. At all events, they erected Fort 
Madison within the territory reserved to the Indians, who became very indig- 
nant. Not long after the fort was built, a party led by Black Hawk attempted 
its destruction. They sent spies to watch the movements of the garrison, who 
ascertained that the soldiers Avere in the habit of marching out of the fort every 
morning and evening for parade, and the plan of the party was to conceal them- 
selves near the fort, and attack and surprise them Avhen they were outside. On 
the morning of the proposed day of attack, five soldiers came out and Avere fired 
upon by the Indians, two of them being killed. The Indians were too hasty in 
their movement, for the regular drill had not yet commenced. HoAvever, they 
kept up the attack for several days, attempting the old Fox strategy of setting 
fire to the fort Avith blazing arrows ; but finding their efforts unavailing, they 
soon gave up and returned to Rock River. 

When Avar was declared between the United States and Great Britain, in 
1812, Black HaAvk and his band allied themselves with the British, partly 
because he was dazzled by their specious promises, and more probably because 
they had been deceived by the Americans. Black HaAvk himself declared that 
they were "forced into the war by being deceived." He narrates the circum- 
stances as folloAvs : " Several of the chiefs and head men of the Sacs and 
Foxes were called upon to go to Washington to see their Great Father. On 
their return, they related what had been said and done. They said the Great 
Father wished them, in the event of a Avar taking place with England, not to 
interfere on either side, but to remain neutral. He did not want our help, but 
wished us to hunt and support our families, and live in peace. He said that 
British traders Avould not be permitted to come on the Mississippi to furnish us 
with goods, but that we should be supplied with an American trader. Our 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 155 

chiefs then told him that the British traders always gave them credit in the 
Fall for guns, powder and goods, to enable us to hunt and clothe our families. 
He repeated that the traders at Fort Madison would have plenty of goods ; 
that we should go there in the Fall and he would supply us on credit, as the 
British traders had done. ' 

Black Hawk seems to have accepted of this proposition, and he and his 
people were very much pleased. Acting in good faith, they fitted out for their 
Winter's hunt, and went to Fort Madison in high spirits to receive from the 
trader their outfit of supplies. But, after waiting some time, they were told by 
the trader that he would not trust them. It was in vain that they pleaded the 
promise of their great father at Washington. The trader was inexorable ; and, 
disappointed and crestfallen, they turned sadly toward their own village. ''Few 
of us," says Black Hawk, "slept that night; all was gloom and discontent. In 
the morning, a canoe was seen ascending the river ; it soon arrive<l, bearing an 
express, who brought intelligence that a British trader had landed at Rock 
Island with two boats loaded with goods, and requested us to come up imme- 
diately, because he had good news for us, and a variety of presents. The 
express presented us with tobacco, pipes and wampum. The news ran through 
our camp like fire on a prairie. Our lodges were soon taken down, and all 
started for Rock Island. Here ended all hopes of our remaining at peace, 
having been forced into the war by being deceived." 

He joined the British, who flattered him, styled him " Gen. Black Hawk," 
decked him with medals, excited his jealousies against the Americans, and 
armed his band ; but he met with defeat and disappointment, and soon aban- 
doned the service and came home. 

With all his skill and courage. Black Hawk was unable to lead all the Sacs 
and Foxes into hostilities to the United States. A portion of them, at the head 
of whom was Keokuk ("the Watchful Fox"), were disposed to abide by the 
treaty of 1804, and to cultivate friendly relations with the American people. 
Therefore, when Black Hawk and his band joined the fortunes of Great 
Britain, the rest of the nation remained neutral, and, for protection, organized, 
with Keokuk for their chief. This divided the nation into the " War and the 
Peace party." 

Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that the 
nation, which had been reduced to so small a body of fighting men, were unable 
to defend themselves in case the Americans should attack them, and having all 
the old men and women and children belonging to the warriors who had joined 
the British on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was agreed 
that Quash-qua-me (the Lance) and other chiefs, together with the old men, 
women and children, and such others as chose to accompany them, should go to 
St. Louis and place themselves under the American chief stationed there. 
They accordingly went down, and were received as the "friendly band " of the 
Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On 
Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says Keokuk was introduced 
to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. He inquired how he 
had become chief, and was informed that their spies had seen a large armed 
force going toward Peoria, and fears were entertained of an attack upon the 
village ; whereupon a council was held, which concluded to leave the village 
and cross oyer to the west side of the Mississippi. Keokuk had been standing 
at the door of the lodge where the council was held, not being allowed to enter 
on account of never having killed an enemy, where he remained until Wa-co-me 
came out. Keokuk asked permission to speak in the council, which Wa-co-rae 



156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

obtained for him. Keokuk then addressed the chiefs ; he remonstrated against 
the desertion of their village, their own homes and tlie graves of their fathers, 
and offered to defend the village. The council consented that he should be 
their war chief. He marshaled his braves, sent out spies, and advanced on the 
trail leading to Peoria, but returned without seeing the enemy. The Americans 
•did not disturb the village, and all were satisfied with the appointment of 
Keokuk. 

Keokuk, like Black Hawk, was a descendant of the Sac branch of the 
nation, and was born on Rock River, in 1780. He was of a pacific disposition, 
but possessed the elements of true courage, and could fight, when occasion 
required, with a cool judgment and heroic energy. In his first battle, he en- 
countered and killed a Sioux, which placed him in the rank of warriors, and he 
Was honored with a public feast by his tribe in commemoration of the event. 

Keokuk has been described as an orator, entitled to rank with the most 
gifted of his race. In person, he was tall and of portly bearing ; in his public 
speeches, he displayed a commanding attitude and graceful gestures ; he spoke 
rapidly, but his enunciation was clear, distinct and forcible ; he culled his fig- 
ures from the stores of nature and based his arguments on skillful logic. Un- 
fortunately for the reputation of Keokuk, as an orator among white people, he 
was never able to obtain an interpreter who could claim even a slight acquaint- 
ance with philosophy. With one exception only, his interpreters were unac- 
quainted with the elements of their mother-tongue. Of this serious hindrance 
to his fame, Keokuk was well aware, and retained Frank Labershure, who had 
received a rudimental education in the French and English languages, until the 
latter broke down by dissipation and died. But during the meridian of his 
career among the white people, he was compelled to submit his speeches for 
translation to uneducated men, whose range of thought fell below the flights of 
a gifted mind, and the fine imagery drawn from nature was beyond their power 
of reproduction. He had sufficient knowledge of the English language to make 
him sensible of this bad rendering of his thoughts, and often a feeling of morti- 
fication at the bungling efforts was depicted on his countenance while speaking. 
The proper place to form a correct estimate of his ability as an orator was in 
the Indian council, where he addressed himself exclusively to those who under- 
stood his language, and witness the electrical effect of his eloquence upon his 
audience. 

Keokuk seems to have possessed a more sober judgment, and to have had a 
more intelligent view of the great strength and resources of the United States, 
than his noted and restless cotemporary. Black Hawk. He knew from the first 
that the reckless war which Black Hawk and his band had determined to carry on 
could result in nothing but defeat and disaster, and used every argument against 
it. The large number of warriors whom he had dissuaded from followino- Black 
Hawk became, however, greatly excited with the war spirit after Stillman's 
defeat, and but for the signal tact displayed by Keokuk on that occasion, would 
have forced him to submit to their wishes in joining the rest of the warriors in 
the field. A war-dance was held, and Keokuk took part in it, seeming to be 
moved with the current of the rising storm. When the dance was over, he 
called the council to pre])are for war. He made a speech, in which lie admitted 
the justice of their complaints against the Americans. To seek redress Avas a 
noble aspiration of their n.ature. The blood of their brethren had been shed by 
the white man, and the spirits of their braves, slain in battle, called loudly for 
vengeance. ''I am your chief," he said, "• and it is my duty to lead you to bat- 
tle, if, after fully considering the matter, you are determined to go. But before 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 157 

you decide on taking this important step, it is "wise to inquire into the chances of 
success." He then portrayed to them the great power of tlie United States, 
against whom they woukl have to contend, that their chance of success was 
utterly hopeless. " But," said he, "if you do determine to go upon the war- 
path, I Avill agree to lead you, on one condition, viz.: that before we go, we will 
kill all our old men and our wives and children, to save them from a lingering 
death of starvation, and that every one of us determine to leave our homes on 
the other side of the Mississippi." 

This was a strong but truthful picture of the prospect before them, and was 
presented in such a forcible light as to cool their ardor, and cause them to aban- 
don the rash undertaking. 

But during the war of 1832, it is now considered certain that small bands of 
Indians, from the west side of the Mississippi, made incursions into the white 
settlements, in the lead mining region, and committed some murders and dep- 
redations. 

When peace was declared between the United States and England, Black 
Hawk was required to make peace with the former, and entered into a treaty 
at Portage des Sioux, September 14, 1815, but did not " touch the goose-quill 
to it until May 13, 1816, when he smoked the pipe of peace with the great 
white chief," at St. Louis. This treaty was a renewal of the treaty of 1804, 
but Black Hawk declared he had been deceived ; that he did not know that by 
signing the treaty he was giving away his village. This weighed upon his mind, 
already soured by previous disappointment and the irresistible encroachments of 
the whites ; and when, a few years later, he and his people were driven from 
theii" possessions by the military, he determined to return to the home of his 
fathers. 

It is also to be remarked that, in 1816, by treaty Avith various tribes, the 
Lnited States relinquished to the Indians all the lands lying north of a line 
drawn from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan west to the Mississippi, 
except a reservation five leagues square, on the Mississippi River, supposed then 
to be sufficient to include all the mineral lands on and adjacent to Fever River, 
and one league square at the mouth of the Wisconsin River. 

THE BLACK HAWK WAR. 

The immediate cause of the Indian outbreak in 1830 was the occupation of 
Black Hawk's village, on the Rock River, by the whites, during the absence of 
tbe chief and his braves on a hunting expedition, on the Avest side of the 
Mississippi. When they returned, they found their Avigwams occupied by Avhite 
families, and their own women and children Avere shelterless on the banks of 
the liver. The Indians Avere indignant, and determined to repossess their village 
at all hazards, and early in the Spring of 1831 recrossed the Mississippi and 
menacingly took possession of their own cornfields and cabins. It may be Avell 
to remark here that it Avas expressly stipulated in the treaty of lb04, to which 
they attributed all their troubles, that the Indians should not be obliged to 
leave their lands until they were sold ])y the United States, and it does not 
appear that they occupied any lands other than those owned by the Government. 
If this Avas true, the Indians had good cause for indignation and complaint. 
But the Avhites, driven out in turn by the returning Indians, became so clamorous 
against Avhat they termed the encroachments of the natives, that Gov. Reynolds, of 
Illinois, ordered Gen Gaines to Rock Island Avith a military force to drive the 
Indians again from their homes to the Avcst side of the Mississippi. Black Hawk 
says he did not intend to be provoked into Avar by anything less than the blood of 



158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

some of his own people ; in other words, that there would be no war unless it should 
be commenced by the pale faces. But it was said and ])robably thought by the mili- 
tary commanders along the frontier that the Indians intended to unite in a general 
war against the whites, from Rock River to the Mexican borders. But it does not 
appear that the hai-dy frontiersmen themselves had any fears, for their experi- 
ence had been that, when well treated, their Indian neighbors were not danger- 
ous. Black Hawk and his band had done no more than to attempt to repossess the 
the old homes of which they had been deprived in their absence. No blood 
had been shed. Black Hawk and his chiefs sent a flag of truce, and a new 
treaty was made, by which Black Hawk and his band agreed to remain forever 
on the Iowa side and never recross the river without the permission of the 
President or the Governor of Illinois. Whether the Indians clearly understood 
the terms of this treaty, is uncertain. As was usual, the Indian traders had 
dictated terms on their behalf, and they had received a large amount of pro- 
visions, etc., from the Government, but it may well be doubted whether the 
Indians comprehended that they could never revisit the graves of their fathers 
without violating their treaty. They undoubtedly thought that they had agreed 
never to recross the Mississippi with hostile intent. However this may be, on 
the 6th day of April, 18o2, Black Hawk and liis entire band, with their women 
and children, again recrossed the Mississippi in plain view of the garrison of 
Fort; Armstrong, and went up Rock River. Although this act was construed 
into an act of hostility by the military authorities, who declared that Black 
Hawk intended to recover his village, or the site where it stood, by force ; but 
it does not appear that he made any such attempt, nor did his apearance 
create any special alarm among the settlers. They knew that the Indians never 
went on the war path encumbered with the old men, their women and their 
children. 

The Galenian, printed in Galena, of May 2, 1832, says that Black Hawk 
was invited by the Prophet and had taken possession of a tract about forty 
miles up Rock River ; but that he did not remain there long, but commenced 
his march up Rock River. Capt. W. B. Gi'een, who served in Capt. Stephen- 
son's company of mounted rangers, says that " Black Hawk and h's band 
crossed the river with no hostile intent, but that his l)and had had bad luck in 
hunting during the previous Winter, were actually in a starving condition, and 
had come over to s})end the Summer with a friendly tribe on the head waters of 
the Rock and Illinois Rivers, by invitation from their chief. Other old set- 
tlers, who all agree that Black Hawk had no idea of fighting, say that he came 
back to the west side expecting to negotiate another treaty, and get a new 
supply of provisions. The most reasonable explanation of this movement, which 
resulted so disastrously to Black Hawk and his starving people, is that, during 
the Fall and Winter of 1831-2, his people became deeply indebted to their 
favorite trader at Fort Armstrong (Rock Island). They had not been f;)rtunate 
in hunting, and he was likely to lose heavily, as an Indian debt was outlawed 
in one year. If, therefore, the Indians could be induced to come over, and the 
fears of the military could be sufficiently aroused to pursue them, another treaty 
could be negotiated, and from the payments from the Government the shrewd 
trader could get his pay. Just a week after Black Hawk crossed the river, on 
the 13th of April, 1832, George Davenport wrote to Gen. Atkinson : " I am 
informed that the British band of Sac Indians are determined to make war on 
the frontier settlements. * * * From every information that I have 
received, I am of the opinion that the intention of the British band of Sac 
Indians is to commit depredations on the inhabitants of the frontier." And 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 159 

yet, from the 6th day of April until after Stillman's men commenced war by 
firing on a flag of truce from Black Hawk, no murders nor depredations were 
committed by the British band of Sac Indians. 

It is not the purpose of this sketch to detail the incidents of tlie Black 
Hawk war of 1832, as it pertains rather to the history of the State of Illinois. 
It is sufficient to say that, after the disgraceful aifair at Stillman's Run, Black 
Hawk, concluding that the whites, refusing to treat with him, were determined 
to exterminate his people, determined to return to the Iowa side of the Missis- 
sippi. He could not return by the way lie came, for the army was behind him, 
an army, too, that would sternly refuse to recognize the white flag of peace. 
His only course was to make his way northward and reach the Mississippi, if 
possible, before the troops could overtake him, and this he did ; but, before he 
could get his Avomen and children across the Wisconsin, he was overtaken, and a 
battle ensued. Here, again, he sued for peace, and, through his trusty Lieu- 
tenant, "the Prophet," the whites were plainly informed that the starving 
Indians did not wish to fight, but would return to the west side of the Missis- 
sippi, peaceably, if they could be permitted to do so. No attention Avas paid to 
tliis second eff'ort to negotiate peace, and, as soon as supplies could be obtained, 
the pursuit was resumed, the flying Indians were overtaken again eight miles 
before they reached the mouth of the Bad Axe, and the slaughter (it should not 
be dignified by the name of battle) commenced. Here, overcome by starvation 
and the victorious Avhites, his band was scattered, on the 2d day of August, 
1832. Black Hawk escaped, but was brought into camp at Prairie du Chien 
by three Winnebagoes. He was confined in Jefferson Barracks until the 
Spring of 1833, Avhen he was sent to Washington, arriving there April 22. On 
the 26th of April, they were taken to Fortress Monroe, where they remained 
till the 4th of June, 1833, when orders were given for them to be liberated and 
returned to their own country. By order of the President, he Avas brought 
back to Iowa through the principal Eastern cities. Crowds flocked to see him 
all along his route, and he was very much flattered by the attentions he 
received. He lived among his people on the Iowa River till that reservation 
Avas sold, in 1836, when, Avith the rest of the Sacs and Foxes, he removed to 
the Des Moines Reservation, Avhere he remained till his death, which occurred 
on the 3d of October, 1838. 



INDIAN PURCHASES, RESERVES AND TREATIES- 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, in 1832, a treaty Avas made at a 
council held on the west bank of the Mississippi, Avhere now stands the thriving 
city of Davenport, on grounds noAv occupied by the Chicago, Rock Island & 
Pacific Railroad Company, on the 21st day of September, 1832. At this 
council, the United States were represented by Gen. Wmfield Scott and Gov. 
Reynolds, of Illinois. Keokuk, Pash-a-pa-ho and some thirty other chiefs and 
Avarriors of the Sac and Fox nation Avere present. By this treaty, the Sacs and 
Foxes ceded to the United States a strip of land on the eastern border of Iowa 
fifty miles Avide, from the northern boundary of Missouri to the mouth of the 
Upper Iowa River, containing about six million acres. The western line of the 
purchase Avas parallel Avith the Mississippi. In consideration of this cession, 
the United States Government stipulated to pay annually to the confederated 
tribes, for thirty consecutive years, twenty thousand dollars in specie, and to 
pay the debts of the Indians at Rock Island, which had been accumulating for 



160 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

seventeen years and amounted to fifty thousand dollars, due to Davenport & 
Farnham, Indian traders. The Government also generously donated to the 
Sac and Fox women and children wliose husbands and Withers had fallen in the 
Black Hawk war, thirty-five beef cattle, twelve bushels of salt, thirty barrels of 
pork, fifty barrels of flour and six thousand bushels of corn. 

This territory is knoAvn as the "Black Hawk Purchase." Although it was 
not the first portion of Iowa ceded to the United States by the Sacs and Foxes, 
it was the first opened to actual settlement by the tide of emigration that flowed 
across the Mississippi as soon as the Indian title was extinguished. The treaty 
was ratified February 13, 1833, and took effect on the 1st of June following, 
when the Indians quietly removed from the ceded territory, and this fertile and 
beautiful region was opened to white settlers. 

By the terms of the treaty, out of the Black Hawk Purchase was reserved for 
the Sacs and Foxes 400 square miles of land situated on the Iowa River, and in- 
Icuding Avithin its limits Keokuk's village, on the right bank of that river. This 
tract Avas known as " Keokuk's Reserve, ' and Avas occupied by the Indians until 
1836, when, by a treaty made in September between them and Gov. Dodge, of 
Wisconsin Territory, it was ceded to the United States. The council was held 
on the banks of the Mississippi, above Davenport, and was the largest assem- 
blage of the kind ever held by the Sacs and Foxes to treat for the sale of lands. 
About one thousand of their chiefs and braves were present, and Keokuk was 
their leading spirit and principal speaker on the occasion. By the terms of the 
treaty, the Sacs and Foxes Avere removed to another reservation on the Des 
Moines River, where an agency was established for them at what is noAv the 
town of Agency City. 

Besides the Keokuk Reserve, the Government gave out of the Black HaAvk 
Purchase to Antoine Le Claire, interpreter, in fee simple, one section of land 
opposite Rock Island, and another at the head of the first rapids above the 
island, on the loAva side. This Avas the first land title granted by the United 
States to an individual in loAva. 

Soon after the removal of the Sacs and Foxes to their new reserA^ation 
on the Des Moines River, Gen. Joseph M. Street Avas transferred from the 
agency of the Winnebagoes, at Prairie du Chien, to establish an agency 
among them. A farm was selected, on which the necessary buildings Avere 
erected, including a comfortable farm house for the agent and his family, at 
the expense of the Indian Fund. A salaried agent Avas employed to su2)erin- 
tend the farm and dispose of the crops. Tavo mills Avere erected, one on Soap 
Creek and the other on Sugar Creek. The latter was soon swept aAvay by a 
flood, but the former remained and did good service for many years. . Connected 
with the agency were Joseph Smart and John Goodell, interpreters. The 
latter was interpreter for Hard Fish's band. Three of the Indian chiefs, Keo- 
kuk, Wapello and Appanoose, had each a large field improved, the tAvo former 
on the right bank of the Des Moines, back from the river, in Avhat is noAV 
"Keokuk's Prairie," and the latter on the present site of the city of Ottumwa. 
Among the traders connected with the agency Avere the Messrs. Ewing, from 
Ohio, and Phelps & Co., from Illinois, and also Mr. J. P. Eddy, Avho estab- 
lished his post at Avhat is now the site of Eddyville. 

The Indians at this agency became idle and listless in the absence of their 
natural and Avonted excitements, and many of them plunged into dissipation. 
Keokuk himself became dissipated in the latter years of his life, and it has 
been reported that he died of delirium fremens after his removal Avith his 
tribe to Kansas. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 161 

In May, 1843, most of the Indians were removed up the Des Moines River, 
above the temporary line of Red Rock, having ceded the remnant of their 
lands in Iowa to the United States on the 21st of September, 1837, and on the 
11th of October, 1842. By the terms of the latter treaty, they held possession 
of the "New Purchase" till the Autumn of 1845, when the most of them 
were removed to their reservation in Kansas, the balance being removed in the 
Spring of 1846. 

1. Th^eaty with the Sioux — Made July 19, 1815 ; ratified December 16, 1815. This treaty 
was made at Portage des Sioux, between the Sioux of Minnesota and Upper Iowa and the United 
States, by William Clark and Ninian Edwards, <?'ommissioners, and was merely a treaty of peace 
and friendship on the part of those Indians toward the United States at the close of the war of 
1812. 

2. Treaty irith the Sacs. — A similar treaty of peace was made at Portage des Sioux, between 
the United States and the Sacs, by AVilliam Clark, Ninian Edwards and Auguste Choteau, on the 
loth of September, 1815, and ratified at the same date as the above. In this, the ti'eaty of 180-1 
was re-affirmed, and the Sacs here represented promised for themselves and their bands to keep 
entirely separate from the Sacs of Rock River, who, under Black Hawk, had joined the British 
in the war just then closed. 

3. Treaty with the Foxes. — A separate treaty of peace was made with the Foxes at Portage 
des Sioux, by the same Commissioners, on the 14th of September, 1815, and ratified the same as 
the above, wherein the Foxes re-affirmed the treaty of St. Louis, of November 3, 180-1:, and 
agreed to deliver up all their prisoners to the officer in command at Fort Clark, now Peoria, 
Illinois. 

4. Treaty with the lowas. — A treaty of peace and mutual good will was made between the 
United States and the Iowa tribe of Indians, at Portage des Sioux, by the same Commissioners 
as above, on the 16th of September, 1815, at the close of the war with Great Britain, and ratified 
at the same date as the others. 

5. Treaty with the Sacs of Rork R'ver — Made at St. Louis on the 13th of May, 1816, between 
the United States and the Sacs of Rock River, by the Commissioners, William Clark, Ninian 
Edwards and Auguste Choteau, and ratified December 30, 1816. In this treaty, that of 1804 
was re- established and confirmed by twenty-two chiefs and head men of the Sacs of Rock River, 
and Black Hawk himself attached to it his signature, or, as he said, " touched the goose quill." 

6. Treaty of 1S24- — On the 4th of August, 1824, a treaty was made between the United 
States and the Sacs and Foxes, in the city of Washington, by William Clark, Commissioner, 
wherein the Sac and Fox nation relinquished their title to all lands in Missouri and that portion 
of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " Half-Breed Tract" was set off and reserved for 
the use of the half-breeds of the Sacs and Foxes, they holding title in the same manner as Iu~ 
dians. Ratified January 18, 1825. 

7. Treaty of Auyust 19, 1S25. — At this date a treaty was made by William Clark and Lewis 
Cass, at Prairie du Chien, between the United States and the Chippewas, Sacs and Foxes, Me- 
nomonees, Winnebagoes and a portion of the Ottawas and Pottawatomies. In this treaty, in 
order to make peace between the contending tribes as to the limits of their respective hunting 
grounds in Iowa, it was agreed that the United States Government should run a boundary line 
between the Sioux, on the north, and the Sacs and Foxes, on the south, as follows : 

Commencing at the mouth of the Upper Iowa River, on the west bank of the IMississippi^ 
and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork ; thence up the fork to its source ; thence cross- 
ing the fork of Red Cedar River in a direct line to the second or upper fork of the Des Moinea 
River ; thence in a direct line to the lower fork of the Calumet River, and down that I'iver to its 
junction with the ]\lissouri River. 

8. Treaty of 1S30. — On the 15th of July, 1830, the confederate tribes of the Sacs and Foxes 
ceded to the United States a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty miles in width, 
and extending along the line aforesaid from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. The Sioux 
also, whose possessions were north of the line, ceded to the Government, in the same treaty, a 
like strip on the north side of the boundary. Thus the United States, at the ratification of this 
treaty, February 24, 1831, came into possession of a portion of Iowa forty miles wide, extend- 
ing along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. This 
territory was known as the " Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were 
allowed to fish and hunt on it unmolested till it was made a Winnebago reservation, and the 
Winnebagoes were removed to it in 1841. 

9. Treaty wiih the Sacs and Fuxcs and other Tribes. — At the same time of the above treaty re- 
specting the " Neutral Ground" (July 15, 1830), the Sacs and Foxes, Western Sioux, Omahas, 
lowas and Missouris ceded to the United States a portion of the western slope of Iowa, the boun- 
daries of which were defined as follows : Beginning at the upper fork of the Des Moines River, 
and passing the sources of the Little Sioux and Floyd Rivers, to the fork of the first creek that 
falls into the Big Sioux, or Calumet, on the east side ; thence down said creek and the Calumet 



162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

River to the Missouri River ; thence down said Missouri River to the Missouri State line above 
the Kansas ; thence along said line to the northwest corner of said State ; thence to the high lands 
between the waters falling into the Missouri and Des Moines, passing to said high lands along 
the dividing ridge between the forks of the Grand River ; thence along said high lands or ridge 
separating the waters of the Missouri from those of the Des Moines, to a point opposite the source 
of the Boyer River, and thence in a direct line to the upper fork of the Des Moines, the place of 
beginning. 

It was understood that the lands ceded and relinquished by this treaty were to be assigned 
and allotted, under the direction of the President of the United States, to the tribes then living 
thereon, or to such other tribes as the President might locate thereon for hunting and other pur- 
poses. In consideration of three tracts of land ceded in this treaty, the United States agreed to 
pay to the Sacs three thousand dollars ; to the Foxes, thi-ee thousand dollars ; to the Sioux, 
two thousand dollars; to the Yankton and Santie bands of Sioux, three thousand dollars; to the 
Omahas, two thousand five hundred dollars; and to the Ottoes and Missouris, two thousand five 
hundred dollars — to be paid annually for ten t'uccessive years. In addition to these annuities, 
the Government agreed to furnish some of the tribes with blacksmiths and agricultural imple- 
ments to the amount of two hundred dollars, at the expense of the United States, and to set apart 
three thousand dollars annually for the education of the children of these tribes. It does not 
appear that any fort was erected in this territory prior to the erection of Fort Atkinson on the 
Neutral Ground, in 1840-41. 

This treaty was made by William Clark, Superintendent of Indian affairs, and Col. Willouahby 
Morgan, of the United States First Infantry, and came into effect by proclamation, February 
24, 1831. 

10. Treaty with the Winnebagoes. — Made at Fort Armstrong, Rock Island, September 15, 1832, 
by Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. John Reynolds, Governor of Illinois. In this treaty the Win- 
nebagoes ceded to the United States all their land lying on the east side of the Mississippi, and 
in part consideration therefor the United States granted to the Winnebagoes, to be held as other 
Indian lands are held, that portion of Iowa known as the Neutral Ground. The exchange of the 
two tracts of country was to take place on or before the 1st day of June, 1833. In addition to 
the Neutral Ground, it was stipulated that the United States should give the Winnebagoes, begin- 
ning in September, 1833, and continuing for twenty-seven successive years, ten thousand dollars 
in specie, and establish a school among them, with a farm and garden, and provide other facili- 
ties for the education of their children, not to exceed in cost three thousand dollars a year, and 
to continue the same for twenty-seven successive years. Six agriculturists, twelve yoke of oxen 
■and plows and other farming tools .were to be supplied by the Government. 

11. Treaty of 1SS2 with the Sacs and Foxes. — Already mentioned as the Black Hawk purchase. 

12. Treaty of 1S36, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's Reserve to the United States; 
for which the Government stipulated to pay thirty thousand dollars, and an annuity of ten thou- 
sand dollars for ten successive years, together with other sums and debts of the Indians to 
various parties. 

13. Treaty of 18S7.— On the 21st of October, 1837, a treaty was made at the city of Wash- 
ington, between Carey A. Harris, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and the confederate tribes of 
Sacs and Foxes, ratified February 21, 1838, wherein another slice of the soil of Iowa was obtained, 
described in the treaty as follows: "A tract of country containing 1,250,000 acres, lying west 
and adjoining the tract conveyed by them to the United States in the treaty of September 21, 
1832. It is understood that the points of termination for the present cession shall be the north- 
ern and southern points of said tract as fixed by the survey made under the authority of the 
United States, and that a line shall be drawn between them so as to intersect a line extended 
westwardly from the angle of said tract nearly opposite to Rock Island, as laid down in the above 
survey, so far as may be necessary to include the number of acres hereby ceded, which last 
mentioned line, it is estimated, will be about twenty-five miles." 

This piece of land was twenty-five miles wide in the middle, and ran off to a point at both 
ends, lying directly back of the Black Hawk Purchase, and of the same length. 

14 Treaty of Relinrjuishment. — At the same date as the above treaty, in the city of Washing- 
ton, Carey A. Harris, Commissioner, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United States all their 
right and interest in the country lying south of the boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes 
and Sioux, as described in the treaty of August 19, 1825, and between the Mississippi and Mis- 
souri Rivers, the United States paying for the same one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. 
The Indians also gave up all claims and intei-ests under the treaties previously made with them, 
for the satisfaction of which no appropriations had been made. 

15. Treaty of 1842. — The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842; 
ratified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox agency (Agency City), by John 
Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this treaty the Sac and Fox Indians 
" ceded to the United States all their lands west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim 
or title." By the terms of this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expira- 
tion of three years, and all who remained after that were to move at their own expense. Part 
of them were removed to Kansas in the Fall of 1845, and the rest the Spring following. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 163 



SPANISH GRANTS. 

While the territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was under Spanish 
rule as a part of its province of Louisiana, certain claims to and grants of land 
were made by the Spanish authorities, with which, in addition to the extinguishment 
of Indian titles, the United States had to deal. It is proper that these should 
be briefly reviewed. 

Dubuque. — On the 22d day of September, 1788, Julien Dubuque, a French- 
man, from Prairie du Chien, obtained from the Foxes a cession or lease of lands 
on the Mississippi River for mining purposes, on the site of the present city of 
Dubuque. Lead had been discovered here eight years before, in 1780, by the 
wife of Peosta Fox, a warrior, and Dubuque's claim embraced nearly all the lead 
bearing lands in that vicinity. He immediately took possession of his claim and 
commenced mining, at the same time making a settlement. The place became 
known as the "Spanish Miners," or, more commonly, "Dubuque's Lead 
Mines." 

In 1796, Dubuque filed a petition with Baron de Carondelet, the Spanish 
Governor of Louisiana, asking that the tract ceded to him by the Indians might 
be granted to him by patent from the Spanish Government. In this petition, 
Dubuque rather indefinitely set forth the boundaries of this claim as " about 
seven leagues along the Mississippi River, and three leagues in width from the 
river," intending to include, as is supposed, the river front between the Little 
Maquoketa and the Tete des Mei tz Rivers, embracing more than twenty thou- 
sand acres. Carondelet granted the prayer of the petition, and the grant was 
subsequently confirmed by the Board of Land Commissioners of Louisiana. 

In October, 1804, Dubuque transferred the larger part of his claim to 
Auguste Choteau, of St. Louis, and on the 17th of May, 1805, he and Choteau 
jointly filed their claims with the Board of Commissioners. On the 20th of 
September, 1806, the Board decided in their favor, pronouncing the claim to be 
a regular Spanish grant, made and completed prior to the 1st day of October, 
1800, only one member, J. B. C. Lucas, dissenting. 

Dubuque died March 24, 1810. The Indians, understanding that the claim 
of Dubuque under their former act of cession was only a permit to occupy the 
tract and work the mines during his life, and that at his death they reverted to 
them, took possession and continued mining operations, and were sustained by 
the military authority of the United States, notwithstanding the decision of the 
Commissioners. When the Black Hawk purchase was consummated, the Du- 
buque claim thus held by the Indians was absorbed by the United States, as the 
Sacs and Foxes made no reservation of it in the treaty of 1832. 

The heirs of Choteau, however, were not disposed to relinquish then- claim 
without a struggle. Late in 1832, they employed an agent to look after their 
interests, and authorized him to lease the right to dig lead on the lands. The 
miners who commenced work under this agent were compelled by the military to 
abandon their operations, and one of the claimants went to Galena to institute 
legal proceedings, but found no court of competent jurisdiction, although he did 
bring an action for the recovery of a quantity of lead dug at Dubu<|ue, for the 
purpose of testing the title. Being unable to identify the lead, however, he was 
non-suited. 

By act of Congress, approved July 2, 1836, the town of Dubuque was sur- 
veyed and platted. After lots had been sold and occupied by the purchasers, 
Henry Choteau brought an action of ejectment against Patrick Malony, who 



164 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

held land in Dubuque under a patent from the United States, for the recovery 
of seven undivided eighth parts of the Dubuque claim, as purchased by Augusta 
Choteau in 1804. The case was tried in the District Court of the United States 
for the District of Iowa, and was decided adversely to the plaintiff. The case was 
carried to the Supreme Court of the United States on a writ of error, when it 
was heard at the December term, 1853, and the decision of the lower court Avas 
affirmed, the court holding that the permit from Carondolet was merely a lease 
or permit to work the mines ; that Dubuque asked, and the Governor of Louisiana 
granted, nothing more than the " peaceable possession " of certain lands obtained 
from the Indians ; that Carondelet had no legal authority to make snch a grant 
as claimed, and that, even if he had, this was but an " inchoate and imperfect 
title." 

Criard. — In 1795, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Louisiana granted to 
Basil Giard five thousand eight hundred and sixty acres of land, in what is now 
Clayton County, known as the "Giard Tract." He occupied the land during 
the time that Iowa passed from Spain to France, and from France to the United 
States, in consideration of which the Federal Government granted a patent of 
the same to Giard in his own right. His heirs sold the whole tract to James H. 
Lockwood and Thomas P. Burnett, of Prairie du Chien, for three hundred dollars. 

Honori. — March 30, 1799, Zenon Trudeau, Acting Lieutenant Governor of 
Upper Louisiana, granted to Louis Honori a tract of land on the site of the 
present town of Montrose, as follows : " It is permitted to Mr. Louis (Fresson) 
Henori, or Louis Honore Fesson, to establish himself at the head of the rapids 
of the River Des Moines, and his establishment once formed, notice of it shall be 
given to the Governor General, in order to obtain for him a commission of a space 
sufficient to give value to such establishment, and at the same time to render it 
useful to the commerce of the peltries of this country, to watch the Indians and 
keep them in the fidelity which they owe to His Majesty." 

Honori took immediate possession of his claim, which he retained until 1805. 
While trading with the natives, he became indebted to Joseph Robedoux, Avho 
obtained an execution on which the property was sold May 13, 1803, and was 
purchased by the creditor. In these proceedings the property was described as 
being " about six leagues above the River Des Moines." Robedoux died soon 
after he purchased the proprerty. Auguste Choteau, his executor, disposed of 
the Honori tract to Thomas F. Reddeck, in April, 1805, up to which time 
Honori continued to occupy it. The grant, as made by the Spanish government, 
was a league square, but only one mile square was confirmed by the United 
States. After the half-breeds sold their lands, in which the Honori grant was 
included, various claimants resorted to litigation in attempts to invalidate the 
title of the Reddeck heirs, but it was finally confirmed by a decision of the 
Supreme Court of the United States in 1839, and is the oldest legal title to any 
land in the State of Iowa. 



THE HALF-BREED TRACT. 

Before any permanent settlement had been made in the Territory of Iowa, 
white adventurers, trappers and traders, many of whom were scattered along 
the Mississippi and its tributaries, as agents and employes of the American Fur 
Company, intermarried with the females of the Sac and Fox Indians, producing 
a race of half-breeds, whose number was never definitely ascertained. There 
were some respectable and excellent people among them, children of men of 
some refinement and education. For instance : Dr. Muir, a gentleman educated 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 165 

at Edinburgh, Scotland, a surgeon in the United States Army, stationed at a 
military post located on the present site of Warsaw, married an Indian woman, 
and reared his family of three daughters in the city of Keokuk. Other exam- 
ples might be cited, but they are probably exceptions to the general rule, and 
the race is now nearly or quite extinct in Iowa. 

A treaty was made at Washington, August 4, 1824, between the Sacs and 
Foxes and the United States, by which that portion of Lee County was reserved 
to the half-breeds of those tribes, and which was afterward known as " The 
Half-Breed Tract." This reservation is the triangular piece of land, containing 
about 119,000 acres, lying between the Mississippi andDes Moines Rivers. It is 
bounded on the north by the prolongation of the northern line of Missouri. 
This line was intended to be a straight one, running due east, which would have 
caused it to strike the Mississippi River at or below Montrose ; but the surveyor who 
run it took no notice of the change in the variation of the needle as he proceeded 
eastward, and, in consequence, the line he run was bent, deviating more and more 
to the northward of a direct line as he approached the Mississippi, so that it 
struck that river at the lower edge of the town of Fort Madison. " This errone- 
ous line," says Judge Mason, "has been acquiesced in as well in fixing the 
northern limit of the Half-Breed Tract as in determining the northern boundary 
line of the State of Missouri." The line thus run included in the reservation 
a portion of the lower part of the city of Fort Madison, and all of the present 
townships of Van Buren, Charleston, Jefferson, Des Moines, Montrose and 
Jackson. 

Under the treaty of 1824, the half-breeds had the right to occupy the soil, 
but could not convey it, the reversion being reserved to the United States. But 
on the 30th day of January, 1834, by act of Congress, this reversionary right 
was relinquished, and the half-breeds acquired the lands in fee simple. This 
was no sooner done, than a horde of speculators rushed in to buy land of the 
half-breed owners, and, in many instances, a gun, a blanket, a pony or a few 
quarts of whisky was sufficient for the purchase of large estates. There was 
a deal of sharp practice on both sides ; Indians would often claim ownership of 
land by virtue of being half-breeds, and had no difficulty in proving their mixed 
blood by the Indians, and they would then cheat the speculators by selling land 
to which they had no rightful title. On the other hand, speculators often 
claimed land in Avhich they had no ownership. It was diamond cut diauK^nd, 
until at last things became badly mixed. There were no authorized surveys, 
and no boundary lines to claims, and, as a natural result, numerous conflicts and 
quarrels ensued. 

To settle these difficulties, to decide the validity of claims or sell them for 
the benefit of the real owners, by act of the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory, 
approved January 16, 1838, Edward Johnstone, Thomas S. Wilson and David 
Brigham were appointed Commissioners, and clothed with power to effect these 
objects. The act provided that these Commissioners should be paid six dollars 
a day each. The commission entered upon its duties and continued until the 
next session of the Legislature, when the act creating it was repealed, invalidat- 
ing all that had been done and depriving the Commissioners of their pay. The 
repealing act, however, authorized the Commissioners to commence action against 
the owners of the Half-Breed Tract, to receive pay for their services, in the Dis- 
trict Court of Lee County. Two judgments were obtained, and on execution 
the whole of the tract was sold to Hugh T. Reid, the Sheriff executing the 
deed. Mr. Reid sold portions of it to various parties, but his own title was 
questioned and he became involved in litigation. Decisions in favor of Reid 



166 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and those holding under him were made by both District and Supreme Courts, 
but in December, 1850, these decisions were finally reversed by the Supreme 
Court of the United States in the case of Joseph Webster, plaintiff in error, vs. 
Hugh T. Reid, and the judgment titles failed. About nine years before the 
"judgment titles " were finally abrogated as above, another class of titles were 
brought into competition with them, and in the conflict between the two, the 
final decision was obtained. These were the titles based on the " decree of 
partition " issued by the United States District Court for the Territory of Iowa, 
on the 8th of May, 1841, and certified to by the Clerk on the 2d day of June of 
that year. Edward Johnstone and Hugh T. Reid, then law partners at Fort 
Madison, filed the petition for the decree in behalf of the St. Louis claimants of 
half-breed lands. Francis S. Key, author of the Star Spangled Banner, wlio 
was then attorney for the New York Land Company, which held heavy interests 
in these lands, took a leading part in the measure, and drew up the document in 
which it was presented to the court. Judge Charles Mason, of Burlington, pre- 
sided. The plan of partition divided the tract into one hundred and one shares 
and arranged that each claimant should draw his proportion by lot, and should 
abide the result, whatever it might be. The arrangement was entered into, the 
lots drawn, and the plat of the same filed in the Recorder's ofiice, October 6, 
1841. Upon this basis the titles to land in the Half-Breed Tract are now held. 



EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 

The first permanent settlement by the whites within the limits of Iowa was 
made by Julien Dubuque, in 1788, when, with a small party of miners, he set- 
tled on the site of the city that now bears his name, where he lived until his 
death, in 1810. Louis Honori settled on the site of the present town of Mon- 
trose, probably in 1799, and resided there until 1805, when his property passed 
into other hands. Of the Giard settlement, opposite Prairie du Chien, little is 
known, except that it was occupied by some parties prior to the commencement 
of the present century, and contained three cabins in 1805. Indian traders, 
although not strictly to be considered settlers, had established themselves at 
various points at an early date. A Mr. Johnson, agent of the American Fur 
Company, had a trading post below Burlington, where he carried on traffic with 
the Indians some time before the United States possessed the country. In 
1820, Le Moliese, a French trader, had a station at what is now Sandusky, six 
miles above Keokuk, in Lee County. In 1829, Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a set- 
tlement on the Lower Rapids, at Avhat is now Nashville. 

The first settlement in Lee County was made in 1820, by Dr. Samuel C. 
Muir, a surgeon in the United States army, who had been stationed at Fort 
Edwards, now Warsaw, 111., and who built a cabin where the city of Keokuk 
now stands. Dr. Muir was a man of strict integrity and irreproachable char- 
acter. While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, he had 
married an Indian woman of the Fox nation. Of his marriage, the following 
romantic account is given : 

The post at which he was stationed was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native 
name, unfortunately, has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave un- 
moor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, 
according to the superstitious belief of her race, that, in her dreams, she had seen her future 
husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir, she instantly recognized 
him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to 
him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devo- 
tion, the doctor honorably married her; but after a while, the sneers and gibes of his brother 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 167 

officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and 
when his regiment was ordered down the river, to Bellefontaine, it is said he embraced the 
opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little 
dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. But, with her infant child, this in- 
trepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and, after many days of weary labor and a 
lonely journey of nine hundred miles, she, at last, reached him. She afterward remarked, when 
speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there 
I was all perished away — so thin ! " The doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her 
to his heart, and ever after, until his death, treated her with marked respect. She always pre- 
sided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her native style of dress. In 
1819-20, he was stationed at Fort Edward, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother 
officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. 

After building his cabin, as above stated, he leased his claim for a term of years to Otis 
Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe, afterward Galena, where he 
practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to 
him four children — Louise (married at Keokuk, since dead), James, (drowned at Keokuk), Mary 
and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera, in 1832, but left his property in such condition 
that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and 
penniless, became discouraged, and, with her children, disappeared, and, it is said, returned to 
her people on the Upper Missouri. 

Messrs. Reynolds & Culver, who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk, 
subsequently employed as their agent Mr. Moses Stillwell, who arrived with 
his family in 1828, and took possession of Muir's cabin. His brothers-in-law, 
Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. 

His daughter, Margaret Stillwell (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1831, 
at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puch-a-she-tuck, where Keokuk 
now stands. She was probably the first white American child born in Iowa. 

In 1831, Mr. Johnson, Agent of the American Fur Company, who had a 
station at the foot of the rapids, removed to another location, and, Dr. Muir 
having returned from Galena, he and Isaac IJ.. Campbell took the place and 
buildings vacated by the Company and carried on trade with the Indians and 
half-breeds. Campbell, who had first visited and traveled through the southern 
part of Iowa, in 1821, was an enterprising settler, and besides trading with the 
natives carried on a farm and kept a tavern. 

Dr. Muir died of cholera in 1832. 

In 1830, James L. and Lucius H. Langworthy, brothers and natives of 
Vermont, visited the Territory for the purpose of working the lead mines at Du- 
buque. They had been engaged in lead mining at Galena, Illinois, the former 
from as early as 1824, The lead mines in the Dubuque region were an object 
of great interest to the miners about Galena, for they were known to be rich in 
lead ore. To explore these mines and to obtain permission to work tliem was 
therefore eminently desirable. . 

In 1829, James L. Langworthy resolved to visit the Dubuque mines. Cross- 
ing the Mississippi at a point now known as Dunleith, in a canoe, and swim- 
ming his horse by his side, he landed on the spot now known as Jones Street 
Levee. Before him spread out a beautiful prairie, on which the city of Du- 
buque now stands. Two miles south, at the mouth of Catfish Creek, Avas a vil- 
lage of Sacs and Foxes. Thither Mr. Langworthy proceeded, and was well re- 
ceived by the natives. He endeavored to obtain permission from them to mine 
in their hills, but this they refused. He, however, succeeded in gaining the con- 
fidence of the chief to such an extent as to be allowed to travel in the interior 
for three weeks and explore the country. He employed two young Indians as 
guides, and traversed in different directions the whole region lying between the 
Maquoketa and Turkey Rivers. He returned to the village, secured the good 
will of the Indians, and, returning to Galena, formed plans for future opera- 
tions, to be executed as soon as circumstance? would permit. 



f 
168 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

In 1830, with his brother, Lucius H,, and others, having obtained the con- 
sent of the Indians, Mr. Langworthy crossed the Mississippi and commenced 
mining in the vicinity around Duburjue. 

At this time, the lands were not in the actual possession of the United States. 
Although they had been purchased from France, the Indian title had not been 
extinguished, and these adventurous persons were beyond the limits of any State 
or Territorial government. The first settlers were therefore obliged to be their 
own law-makers, and to agree to such regulations as the exigencies of the case 
demanded. The first act resembling civil legislation within the limits of the 
present State of Iowa was done by the miners at this point, in June, 1830. They 
met on the bank of the river, by the side of an old cottonwood drift log, at 
what is now the Jones Street Levee, Dubuque, and elected a Committee, con- 
sisting of J. L. Langworthy, H. F. Lander, James McPhetres, Samuel Scales, 
and E. M. Wren. This may be called the first Legislature in Iowa, the mem- 
bers of which gathered around that old cottonwood log, and agreed to and re- 
ported the following, written by Mr. Langworthy, on a half sheet of coarse, un- 
ruled paper, the old log being the writing desk : 

We, a Committee having been chosen to draft certain rules and regulations (laws) by 
which we as miners will be governed, and having duly considered the subject, do unanimously 
agree that we will be governed bj' the regulations on the east side of the Mississippi River,* with 
the following exceptions, to wit : 

Articlk I. That each and every man shall hold 200 yards square of ground by working 
said ground one day in six. 

Article II. We further agree that there shall be chosen, by the majority of the miners 
present, a person who shall hold this article, and who shall grant letters of arbitration on appli- 
cation having been made, and that said letters of arbitration shall be obligatory on the parties so 
applying. 

The report was accepted by the miners present, who elected Dr. Jarote, in 
accordance with Article 2. Here, then, we have, in 1830, a primitive Legisla- 
ture elected by the people, the laAv drafted by it being submitted to the people 
for approval, and under it Dr. Jarote was elected first Governor within the 
limits of the present State of Iowa. And it is to be said that the laws thus 
enacted Avere as promptly obeyed, and the acts of the executive ofiicer thus 
elected as duly respected, as any have been since. 

The miners who had thus erected an independent government of their own 
on the west side of the Mississippi River continued to work successfully for a 
long time, and the new settlement attracted considerable attention. But the 
west side of the Mississippi belonged to the Sac and Fox Indians, and the Gov- 
ernment, in order to preserve peace on the frontier, as Avell as to protect the 
Indians in their rights under the treaty, ordered the settlers not only to stop 
mining, but to remove from the Indian territory. They Avere simply intruders. 
The execution of this order was entrusted to Col. Zachary Taylor, then in com- 
mand of the military post at Prairie du Chien, who, early in July, sent an officer 
to the miners with orders to forbid settlement, and to command the miners to 
remove within ten days to the east side of the Mississippi, or they would be 
driven off by armed force. The miners, however, were reluctant about leaving 
the rich " leads " they had already discovered and opened, and were, not dis- 
posed to obey the order to remove with any considerable degree of alacrity. In 
due time, Col. Taylor dispatched a detachment of troops to enforce his order. The 
miners, anticipating their arrival, liad, excepting tliree, recrossed the river, and 
from the east bank saw the troops land on the western shore. The three who 
had lingered a little too long Avere, however, permitted to make their escape 

* Established by the Superintendent of U. S. Lead Mines at Fever Riyer. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 169 

unmolested. From this time, a military force was stationed at Dubuque to 
prevent the settlers from returning, until June, 1832. The Indians returned, 
and were encouaged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white 
occupants. 

In June, 1832, the troops were ordered to the east side to assist in the 
annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the 
west side. Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war, and the negotia- 
tions of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded to 
the United States the tract known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," the set- 
tlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned 
and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared 
large quantities of lead for market. Dubuque was becoming a noted place on 
the river, but the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners 
were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that 
the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although 
they had withdrawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Col. Taylor was again 
ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, 
troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. 
This was a serious and perhaps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the settlers. 
They were compelled to abandon their cabins and homes in mid-winter. It 
must now be said, simply, that "red tape" should be respected. The purchase 
had been made, the treaty ratified, or was sure to be ; the Indians had retired, 
and, after the lapse of nearly fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this 
rigorous action of the Government can be given. 

But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. 
Many of the settlers recrossed the river, and did not return ; a few, however, 
removed to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, 
in which to store their lead until Spring, when they could float the fruits of 
their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could remain until the treaty 
went into force, when they could return. Among these were James L. Lang- 
worthy, and his brother Lucius, Avho had on hand about three hundred thousand 
pounds of lead. 

Lieut. Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Col. 
Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons 
and other property to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on 
the part of a subordinate clothed with a little brief authority was sternly 
rebuked by Col. Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieut. George Wil- 
son, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, who were only 
waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. 

June 1, 1833, the treaty formally went into effect, the troops were withdrawn, 
and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed 
possession of their home claims and mineral prospects, and from this time the 
first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa must date. Mr. John P. 
Sheldon Avas appointed Superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a 
system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that 
which had been in operation at Galena, since 182.5, under Lieut. Martin Thomas 
and Capt. Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primitive law enacted by the 
miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830 was adopted and 
enforced by the United States Government, except that miners were re(|uired to 
sell their mineral to licensed smelters and tlie smelter was required to give bonds 
for the payment of six per cent, of all lead manufactured to the Government. 
This was the same rule adopted in the United States mines on Fever River in 



170 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Illinois, except that, until 1830, the Illinois miners were compelled to pay 10 
per cent. tax. This tax upon the miners created much dissatisfaction among 
the miners on the west side as it had on the east side of the Mississippi. They 
thought they had suffered hardships and privations enough in opening the way 
for civilization, without being subjected to the imposition of an odious Govern- 
ment tax upon their means of subsistence, when the Federal Government could 
better afford to aid than to extort from them. The measure soon became unpop- 
ular. It was difficult to collect the taxes, and the whole system was abolished 
in about ten years. 

During 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, about five hun- 
dred people arrived at the mining district, about one hundred and fifty of them 
from Galena. 

In the same year, Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school house 
in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the now populous and thriving 
City of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he 
first landed become the site of a city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, the small 
school house which he aided in constructing replaced by three substantial edifices, 
wherein tAvo thousand children were being trained, churches erected in every 
part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which 'he first explored 
with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, 
while on a trip over the Dubuque & Southwestern Kailroad, at Monticello, 
and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. 

Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and 
influential of the old settlers of this section of Iowa. He died, greatly lamented 
by many friends, in June, 1865. 

The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners at a meeting 
held in 1834. 

In 1832, Captain James White made a claim on the present site of Montrose. 
In 1834, a military post was established at this point, and a garrison of cavalry 
was stationed here, under the command of Col. Stephen W. Kearney. The 
soldiers were removed from this post to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1837. 

During the same year, 1832, soon after the close of the Black Hawk War, 
Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, 
Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort 
Madison. In 1833, these claims were purchased by John and Nathaniel 
Knapp, upon which, in 1835, they laid out the town. The next Summer, lots 
were sold. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United 
States Government. 

At the close of the Black Hawk War, parties who had been impatiently 
looking across upon "Flint Hills," now Burlington, came over from Illinois 
and made claims The fii-st was Samuel S. White, in the Fall of 1832, who 
erected a cabin on the site of the city of Burlington. About the same time, 
David Tothero made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the 
river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. In the Winter of 
that year, they were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders 
upon the rights of the Indians, and White's cabin was burnt by the soldiers. 
He retired to Illinois, where he spent the Winter, and in the Summer, as soon 
as the Indian title was extinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White 
was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the original town 
of Burlington in 1834, 

All along the river borders ofthe Black Hawk Purchase settlers were flocking 
into Iowa. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in Septem- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 171 

ber, 1832, Col. George Davenport made the first claim on the spot where the 
thriving city of Davenport now stands. As early as 1827, Col. Davenport had 
established a flatboat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of 
Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Mississippi. 
In 1833, Capt. Benjamin W. Clark moved across from Illinois, and laid the 
foundation of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual 
settlement within the limits of that county. Among other early settlers in this 
part of the Territory were Adrian H. Davenport, Col. John Sullivan, Mulli- 
gan and Franklin Easly, Capt. John Coleman, J. M. Camp, William White, 
H. W. Higgins, Cornelius Harrold, Richard Harrison, E. H. Shepherd and 
Dr. E. S. Barrows. 

The first settlers of Davenport were Antoine LeClaire, Col. George Daven- 
port, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gordon, Philip Harabough, Alexan- 
der W. McGregor, Levi S. Colton, Capt. James May and others. Of Antoine 
LeClaire, as the representative of the two races of men who at this time occu- 
pied Iowa, Hon. C. C. Nourse, in his admirable Centennial Address, says : 
" Antoine LeClaire was born at St, Joseph, Michigan, in 1797. His father 
was French, his mother a granddaughter of a Pottowatomie chief In 1818, 
he acted as official interpreter to Col. Davenport, at Fort Armstrong (now Rock 
Island). He was well acquainted with a dozen Indian dialects, and was a man 
of strict integrity and great energy. In 1820, he married the granddaughter 
of a Sac chief. The Sac and Fox Indians reserved for him and his wife two 
sections of land in the treaty of 1833, one at the town of LeClaire and one at 
Davenport. The Pottawatomies, in the treaty at Prairie du Chien, also 
reserved for him two sections of land, at the present site of Moline, 111. He 
received the appointment of Postmaster and Justice of the Peace in the Black 
Hawk Purchase, at an early day. In 1833, ho bought for $100 a claim on the 
land upon which the original town of Davenport was surveyed and platted in 
1836. In 1836, LeClaire built the hotel, known since, with its valuable addi- 
tion, as the LeClaire House. He died September 25, 1861." 

In Clayton County, the first settlement was made in the Spring of 1832, 
on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further 
settlement was made in this part of the State till the beginning of 1836. 

In that portion now known as Muscatine County, settlements were made in 
1834, by Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, who were the first 
settlers. E. E. Fay, William St, John, N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jona Petti- 
bone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whiting, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. 
Abernethy and Alexis Smith were early settlers of Muscatine. 

During the Summer of 1835, William Bennett and his family, from Galena, 
built the first cabin within the present limits of Delaware County, in some 
timber since known as Eads' Grove. 

The first post office in Iowa was established at Dubuque in 1833. Milo H. 
Prentice was appointed Postmaster. 

The first Justice of the Peace was Antoine Le Claire, appointed in 1833, as 
" a very suitable person to adjust the difficulties between the white settlers and 
the Indians still remaining there." 

The first Methodist Society in the Territory was formed at Dubuque on 
the 18th of May, 1834, and the first class meeting was held June 1st of that 
year. 

The first church bell brought into Iowa was in March, 1834. 

The first mass of the Roman Catholic Church in the Territory was celebrated 
at Dubuque, in the house of Patrick Quigley, in the Fall of 1833. 



172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The j5rst school house in the Territory was erected by the Dubuque miners 
in 1833. 

The first Sabbath school was organized at Dubuque early in the Summer 
of 1834. 

The first woman who came to this part of the Territory with a view to per- 
manent residence was Mrs. Noble F. Dean, in the Fall of 1832. 

The first family that lived in this part of Iowa was that of Hosea T. Camp, 
in 1832. 

The first meeting house was built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, at 
Dubu(}ue, in 1834. 

The first newspaper in Iowa was the Dubuque Visitor^ issued May 11th, 1836. 
John King, afterward Judge King, was editor, and William C. Jones, printer. 

The pioneers of Iowa, as a class, were brave, hardy, intelligent and 
enterprising people. 

As early as 1824, a French trader named Hart had established a trading 
post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as 
" Mynster Spring," within the limits of the present city of Council Bluffs, and 
had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of 
the American Fur Company as Lacote de Hart, or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827, 
an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped 
in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broad- 
way, and afterward settled there. In 1839, a block house was built on the 
bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawatomie Indians occupied this part 
of the State until 1846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to 
Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers 
in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arrival of the Mormons 
under the lead of Brigham Young. These people on their way westward halted 
for the Winter of 1846-7 on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five 
miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had 
reached the eastern bank of the river the Spring before, in season to plant a 
crop. In the Spring of 1847, Young and a portion of the colony pursued their 
journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and 
settled mainly within the limits of Pottawattamie County. The principal settle- 
ment of this strange community was at a place first called "Miller's Hollow," 
on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Col. Kane, of 
Pennsylvania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement 
extended over the county and into neighboring counties, wherever timber and 
water furnished desirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, lawyer and editor, was 
installed as President of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State 
remained under Mormon control for several years. In 1846, they raised a bat- 
talion, numbering some five hundred men, for the Mexican war. In 1848, Hyde 
started a paper called the Fi'ontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, after 
many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons 
in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828, but they were not 
all within the limits of Pottawattamie County. This county was organized in 
1848, all the first officials being Mormons. In 1852, the order Avas promulgated 
that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked 
in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. 

May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on 
board the steamer lone, arrived at the present site of the capital of the State, 
Des Moines. The lone was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River 
to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 173 

Court avenue, Des Moines, and Capt. Allen returned in the steamer to Fort 
Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time 
they, too, arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Raccoon Fork, at its 
confluence with the Des Moines, and named Fort Des Moines. Soon aftei' the 
arrival of the troops, a trading post was established on the east side of the river, 
by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. 

Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa Avere Benjamin Bryant, J. B. 
Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kinzie, Alexander 
Turner, Peter Newcomer, and others. 

The Western States have been settled by many of the best and most enter- 
prising men of the older States, and a large immigration of the best blood of 
the Old World, who, removing to an arena of larger opportunities, in a more 
fertile soil and congenial climate, have developed a spirit and an energy 
peculiarly Western. In no country on the globe have enterprises of all kinds 
been pushed forward with such rapidity, or has there been such independence 
and freedom of competition. Among those who have pioneered the civiliza- 
tion of the West, and been the founders of great States, none have ranked 
higher in the scale of intelligence and moral worth than the pioneers of Iowa, 
who came to the territory when it was an Indian country, and through hardship, 
privation and suffering, laid the foundations of the populous and prosperous 
commonwealth which to-day dispenses its blessings to a million and a quarter 
of people. From her first settlement and from her first organization as a terri- 
tory to the present day, Iowa has had able men to manage her affairs, wise 
statesmen to shape her destiny and frame her laws, and intelligent and impartial 
jurists to administer justice to her citizens ; her bar, pulpit and press have been 
able and widely influential ; and in all the professions, arts, enterprises and 
industries which go to make up a great and prosperous commonwealth, she has 
taken and holds a front rank among her sister States of the West. 



TERRITORIAL HISTORY. 

By act of Congress, approved October 31, 1803, the President of the United 
States was authorized to take possession of the territory included in the 
Louisiana purchase, and provide for a temporary government. By another act 
of the same session, approved March 26, 1804, the newly acquired country was 
divided, October 1, 1804 into the Territory of Orleans, south of the thirty-third 
parallel of north latitude, and the district of Louisiana, which latter was placed 
under the authority of the officers of Indiana Territory. 

In 1805, the District of Louisiana was organized as a Territory with a gov- 
ernment of its own. In 1807, Iowa was included in the Territory of Illinois, 
and in 1812 in the Territory of Missouri. When Missouri was admitted as a 
State, March 2, 1821, "Iowa," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "was left a political 
orphan," until by act of Congress, approved June 28, 1834, the Black Hawk 
purchase having been made, all the territory west of the Mississippi and north 
of the northern boundary of Missouri, was made a part of Michigan Territory. 
Up to this time there had been no county or other organization in what is now 
the State of Iowa, although one or two Justices of the Peace had been appointed 
and a post office was established at Dubuque in 1833. In September, 1834, 
however, the Territorial Legislature of Michigan created two counties on the 
west side of the Mississippi River, viz. : Dufjuque and Des Moines, separated 
by a line drawn westward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were 



174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partially organized. John King was appointed Chief Justice of Dubuque 
County, and Isaac Leffler, of Burlington, of Des Moines County. Two 
Associate Justices, in each county, were appointed by the Governor. 

On the first Monday in October, 1835, Gen. George W. Jones, now a citi- 
zen of Dubuque, was elected a Delegate to Congress from this part of Michigan 
Territory. On the 20th of April, 1836, through the efforts of Gen. Jones, 
Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into 
operation, July 4, 1836, and Iowa was then included in 

THE TERRITORY OF WISCONSilN, 

of which Gen. Henry Dodge was appointed Governor; John S. Horner, Secre- 
tary of the Territory ; Charles Dunn, Chief Justice ; David Irwin and William 
C. Frazer, Associate Justices. 

September 9, 1836, Governor Dodge ordered the census of the new Territory 
to be taken. This census resulted in showing a population of 10,531 in the 
counties of Dubuque and Des Moines. Under the apportionment, these two 
counties were entitled to six members of the Council and thirteen of the House 
of Representatives. The Governor issued his proclamation for an election to be 
held on the first Monday of October, 1836, on which day the following members 
of the First Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin were elected from the two 
counties in the Black Hawk purchase : 

Dubuque Counts/. — Council: John Fally, Thomas McKnight, Thomas Mc- 
Craney. House : Loring Wheeler, Hardin Nowlan, Peter Hill Engle, Patrick 
Quigley, Hosea T. Camp. 

Des Moines County. — Council: Jeremiah Smith, Jr., Joseph B. Teas, 
Arthur B. Ingram. House: Isaac Leffler, Thomas Blair, Warren L. Jenkins, 
John Box, George W. Teas, Eli Reynolds, David R. Chance. 

The first Legislature assembled at Belmont, in the present State of Wiscon- 
sin, on the 25th day of October, 1836, and was organized by electing Henry T. 
Baird President of the Council, and Peter Hill Engle, of Dubuque, Speaker of 
the House. It adjourned December 9, 1836. 

The second Legislature assembled at Burlington, November 10, 1837. 
Adjourned January 20, 1838. The third session was at Burlington ; com- 
menced June 1st, and adjourned June 12, 1838. 

During the first session of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature, in 1836, 
the county of Des Moines Avas divided into Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Henry, 
Muscatine and Cook (the latter being subsequently changed to Scott) and defined 
their boundaries. During the second session, out of the territory embraced in 
Dubuque County, were created the counties of Dubuque, Clayton, Fayette, 
Delaware, Buchanan, Jackson, Jones, Linn, Clinton and Cedar, and their boun- 
daries defined, but the most of them were not organized until several years 
afterward, under the authority of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa. 

The question of a separate territorial organization for Iowa, which was then 
a part of Wisconsin Territory, began to be agitated early in the Autumn of 
1837. The wishes of the people found expression in a convention held at Bur- 
lington on the 1st of November, which memorialized Congress to organize a 
Territory west of the Mississippi, and to settle the boundary line between Wis- 
consin Territory and Missouri. The Territorial Legislature of Wisconsin, then 
in session at Burlington, joined in the petition. Gen. George W. Jones, of 
Dubuque, then residing at Sinsinawa Mound, in what is now Wisconsin, was 
Delegate to Congress from Wisconsin Territoi-y, and labored so earnestly and 
successfully, that "An act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to estab- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 175 

lish the Territorial Government of Iowa," was approved June 12, 1838, to take 
effect and be in force on and after July 3, 1838. The new Territory embraced 
" all that part of the present Territory of Wisconsin which lies west of the Mis- 
sissippi River, and west of a line drawn due north from the head water or 
sources of the Mississippi to the territorial line." The organic act provided 
for a Governor, whose term of office should be three years, and for a Secretary, 
Chief Justice, two Associate Justices, and Attorney and Marshal, who should 
serve four years, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate. The act also provided for the election, by the white 
male inhabitants, citizens of the United States, over twenty-one years of age, 
of a House of Representatives, consisting of twenty-six members, and a Council, 
to consist of thirteen members. It also appropriated $5,000 for a public library, 
and $20,000 for the erection of public buildings. 

President Van Buren appointed Ex-Governor Robert Lucas, of Ohio, to be 
the first Governor of the new Territory. William B. Conway, of Pittsburgh, 
was appointed Secretary of the Territory ; Charles Mason, of Burlington, 
Chief Justice, and Thomas S. Wilson, of Dubuque, and Joseph Williams, of 
Pennsylvania, Associate Judges of the Supreme and District Courts; Mr. Van 
Allen, of New York, Attorney; Francis Gehon, of Dubuque, Marshal; Au 
gustus C. Dodge, Register of the Land Office at Burlington, and Thomas Me- 
Knight, Receiver of the Land Office at Dubuque. Mr. Van Allen, the District 
Attorney, died at Rockingham, soon after his appointment, and Col. Charles 
Weston was appointed to fill his vacancy. Mr. Conway, the Secretary, also 
died at Burlington, during the second session of the Legislature, and Jameii 
Clarke, editor of the Grazette, was appointed to succeed him. 

Immediately after his arrival, Governor Lucas issued a proclamation for tht) 
election of members of the first Territorial Legislature, to be held on the lOtL 
of September, dividing the Territory into election districts for that purpose, and 
appointing the 12th day of November for meeting of the Legislature to b(5 
elected, at Burlington. 

The first Territorial Legislature was elected in September and assembled at 
Burlington on the 12th of November, and consisted of the following members : 

Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, 
Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M 
Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stepheii 
Hempstead. 

House. — William Patterson, Hawkins Taylor, Calvin J. Price, James 
Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, 
George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler,'' 
William G. Coop, William H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John Frierson, 
William L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel 
Summers, t Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas 
Cox and Hardin Nowlin. 

Notwithstanding a large majority of the members of both branches of the 
Legislature were Democrats, yet Gen. Jesse B. Browne (Whig), of Lee County, 
was elected President of the Council, and Hon. William H. Wallace (Whig), of 
Henry County, Speaker of the House of Representatives — the former unani- 
mously and the latter with but little opposition. At that time, national politics 

♦Cyrus S. Jacobs, who was elected for Bes Moines County, was killed in an unfortunate encounter at Burlington 
before tlie meeting of tho Legislature, and Mr. Beeler was elected to fill the vacancy. 

t Samuel R. Murray was returned as elected from Clinton County, but Uis seat was succeBsfully contested by 
Burchard. 



176 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

were little heeded by the people of the new Territory, but in 1840, during the 
Presidential campaign, party lines were strongly drawn. 

At the election in September, 1838, for members of the Legislature, a Con- 
gressional Delegate was also elected. There were four candidates, viz. : William 
W. Chapman and David Rohrer, of Des Moines County ; B. F. Wallace, of 
Henry County, and P. H. Engle, of Dubuque County. Chapman was elected, 
receiving a majority of thirty -six over Engle. 

The first session of the Iowa Territorial Legislature was a stormy and excit- 
ing one. By the organic law, the Governor was clothed with almost unlimited 
veto power. Governor Lucas seemed disposed to make free use of it, and the 
independent Hawkeyes could not quietly submit to arbitrary and .absolute rule, 
and the result was an unpleasant controversy between the Executive and Legis- 
lative departments. Congress, however, by act approved March 3, 1889, 
amended the organic law by restricting the veto power of the Governor to the 
two-thirds rule, and took from him the power to appoint Sheriffs and Magistrates. 

Among the first important matters demanding attention was the location of 
the seat of government and provision for the erection of public buildings, for 
which Congress had appropriated $20,000. Governor Lucas, in his message, 
had recommended the appointment of Commissioners, with a view to making a 
central location. The extent' of the future State of Iowa was not known or 
thought of. Only on a strip of land fifty miles wide, bordering on the Missis- 
sippi River, was the Indian title extinguished, and a central location meant some 
central point in the Black Hawk Purchase. The friends of a central location 
supported the Governor's suggestion. The soutliern members were divided 
between Burlington and Mount Pleasant, but finally united on the latter as the 
proper location for the seat of government. The central and southern parties 
were very nearly equal, and, in consequence, much excitement prevailed. The 
central party at last triumphed, and on the 21st day of January, 1839, an act 
was passed, appointing Chauncey Swan, of Dubuque County ; John Ronalds, 
of Louisa County, and Robert Ralston, of Des Moines County, Commissioners, 
to select a site for a permanent seat of Government within the limits of John- 
son County. 

Johnson County had been created by act of the Territorial Legislature of 
Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1837, and organized by act passed at the 
special session at Burlington in June, 1838, the organization to date from July 
4th, following. Napoleon, on the Iowa River, a few miles below the future 
Iowa City, was designated as the county seat, temporarily. 

Then there existed good reason for locating the capital in the county. The 
Territory of Iowa was bounded on the north by the British Possessions ; east, by 
the Mississippi River to its source ; thence by a line drawn due north to the 
northern boundary of the United States; south, by the State of Missouri, and west, 
by the Missouri and White Earth Rivers. But this immense territory was in un- 
disputed possession of the Indians, except a strip on the Mississippi, known as 
the Black Hawk Purchase. Johnson County was, from north to south, in the 
geographical center of this purchase, and as near the east and west geographical 
center of the future State of Iowa as could then be made, as the boundary line 
between the lands of the United States and the Indians, established by the 
treaty of October 21, 1837, was immediately west of the county limits. 

The Commissioners, after selecting the site, were directed to lay out 640 
acres into a town, to be called Iowa City, and to proceed to sell lots and erect 
public buildings thereon, Congress having granted a section of land to be 
selected by the Territory for this purpose. The Commissioners met at Napo- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 177 

leon, Johnson County, May 1, 1839, selected for a site Section 10, in Town- 
ship 79 North of Range 6 West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and immedi- 
ately surveyed it and laid off the town. The first sale of lots took place Auo-ust 
16, 1839. The site selected for the public buildings was a little west of the 
geographical center of the section, where a square of "ten acres on the elevated 
grounds overlooking the river was reserved for the purpose. The capitol is 
located in the center of this square. The second Territorial Legislature, which 
assembled in November, 1839, passed an act requiring the Commissioners to 
adopt such plan for the building that the aggregate cost when complete should 
not exceed $51,000, and if they had already adopted a plan involving a greater 
expenditure they were directed to abandon it. Plans for the building were designed 
and drawn by Mr. John F. Rague, of Springfield, 111., and on the 4th day of July, 
1840, the corner stone of the edifice was laid with appropriate ceremonies. 
Samuel C. Trowbridge was Marshal of the day, and Gov. Lucas delivered the 
address on that occasion. 

When the Legislature assembled at Burlington in special session, July 13, 
1840, Gov. Lucas announced that on the 4th of that month he had visited Iowa 
City, and found the basement of the capitol nearly completed. A bill author- 
izing a loan of $20,000 for the building was passed, January 15, 1841, the 
unsold lots of Iowa City being the security offered, but only $5,500 was 
obtained under the act. 

THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 

The boundary line between the Territory of Iowa and the State of Missouri 
was a difficult question to settle in 1838, in consequence of claims arising from 
taxes and titles, and at one time civil war was imminent. In defining the 
boundaries of the counties bordering on Missouri, the Iowa authorities had fixed 
a line that has since been established as the boundary between Iowa and Mis- 
souri. The Constitution of Missouri defined her northern boundary to be the 
parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the Des Moines River. 
The lower rapids of the Mississippi immediately above the mouth of the Des 
Moines River had always been known as the Des Moines Rapids, or " the 
rapids of the Des INIoines River." The Missourians (evidently not well versed 
in history or geography) insisted on running the northern boundary line from 
the rapids in the Des Moines River, just below Keosauqua, thus taking from 
Iowa a strip of territory eight or ten miles wide. Assuming this as her 
northern boundary line, Missouri attempted to exercise jurisdiction over the 
disputed territory by assessing taxes, and sending her Sheriffs to collect them by 
distraining the personal property of the settlers. The lowans, however, were 
not disposed to submit, and the Missouri officials were arrested by the Sheriffs 
of Davis and Van Buren Counties and confined in jail. Gov. Boggs, of 
Missouri, called out his militia to enforce the claim and sustain the officers of 
Missouri. Gov. Lucas called out the militia of Iowa, and both parties made 
active preparations for war. In Iowa, about 1,200 men were enlisted, and 
500 were actually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend 
the integrity of the Territory. Subsequently, Gen. A. C. Dodge, of Burlington, 
Gen. Churchman, of Dubuque, and Dr. Clark, of Fort Madison, were sent to 
Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment 
of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the County Commissioners 
of CKarke County, Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, 
and that Gov. Boggs had despatched messengers to the Governor of Iowa proposing 



178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to submit an agreed case to the Supreme Court of the United States for the 
final settlement of the boundary question. This proposition was declined, but 
afterward Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy, which was insti- 
tuted, and which resulted in a judgment for Iowa. Under this decision, 
William G. Miner, of Missouri, and Henry B, Hendershott were appointed 
Commissioners to survey and establish the boundary. Mr. Nourse remarks 
that " the expenses of the war on the part of Iowa were never paid, either by 
the United States or the Territorial Government. The patriots who furnished 
supplies to the troops had to bear the cost and charges of the struggle." 

The first legislative assembly laid the broad foundation of civil equality, on 
which has been constructed one of the most liberal governments in the Union. 
Its first act was to recognize the equality of woman with man before the law by 
providing that " no action commenced by a single woman, who intermarries 
during the pendency thereof, shall abate on account of such marriage. ' ' This prin- 
ciple has been adopted by all subsequent legislation in Iowa, and to-day woman 
has full and equal civil rights with man, except only the right of the ballot. 

Religious toleration was also secured to all, personal liberty strictly guarded, 
the rights and privileges of citizenship extended to all white persons, and the 
purity of elections secured by heavy penalties against bribery and corruption. 
The judiciary power was vested in a Supreme Court, District Court, Probate 
Court, and Justices of the Peace. Real estate was made divisible by will, and 
intestate property divided equitably among heirs. Murder was made punishable 
by death, and proportionate penalties fixed for lesser crimes. A system of free 
schools, open for every class of Avhite citizens, was established. Provision was 
made for a system of roads and highways. Thus under the territorial organi- 
zation, the country began to emerge from a savage wilderness, and take on the 
forms of civil government. 

By act of Congress of June 12, 1838, the lands which had been purchased 
of the Indians were brought into market, and land offices opened in Dubuque 
and Burlington. Congress provided for military roads and bridges, which 
greatly aided the settlers, who were now coming in by thousands, to make their 
homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa — " the Beautiful Land." The fame of the 
country had spread far and wide ; even before the Indian title was extinguished, 
many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over and stake out their 
claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new Territory. As 
soon as the country Avas open for settlement, the borders, the Black Hawk 
Purchase, all along the Mississipi, and up the principal rivers and streams, and 
out over the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land 
hunters and immigrants, seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the 
eyes of all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque 
hills and valleys, broad and fertile prairies extending as far as the eye could 
reach, with a soil surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It 
is not to be Avondered at that immigration into Iowa was rapid, and that Avithin 
less than a decade from the organization of the Territory, it contained a hundred 
and fifty thousand people. 

As rapidly as the Indian titles were extinguished and the original owners 
removed, the resistless tide of emigration flowed Avestward. The folloAving extract 
from Judge Nourse's Centennial Address shoAvs hoAv the immigrants gathered 
on the Indian boundary, ready for the removal of the barrier : 

In obedience to our progressive and aggressive spirit, the Government of the United States 
made another treaty with the Sac and Fox Indians, on the 11th day of August, 1842, for the 
remaining portion of their land in Iowa. The treaty provided that the Indians should retain 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 179 

possession of all the lands thus ceded until May 1, 1843, and should occupy that portion of the 
ceded territory west of a line running; north and south through Redrock, until October 11, 1845. 
These tribes, at this time, had their principal village at Ot-tum-wa-no, now called Ottumwa. As 
soon as it became known that the treaty bad been concluded, there was a rush of immigration to 
Iowa, and a great number of temporary settlements were made near the.lndian boundary, wait- 
ing for the 1st day of May. As the day approached, hundreds of families encamped along the 
line, and their tents and wagons gave the scene the appearance of a military expedition. The 
country beyond had been thoroughly explored, but the United States military authorities had 
prevented any settlement or even the making out of claims by any monuments whatever. 

To aid them in making out their claims when the hour should arrive, the settlers had placed 
piles of dry wood on the rising ground, at convenient distances, and a short time before twelve 
o'clock of the night of the 30th of April, these were lighted, and when the midnight hour arrived, 
it was announced by the discharge of firparms. The night was dark, but this army of occupa- 
tion [)ressed forward, torch in hand, with axe and hatchet, blazing lines with all manner of 
curves and angles. When daylight came and revealed the confusion of these wonderful surveys, 
numerous disputes arose, settled generally by compromise, but sometimes by violence Between 
midnight of the 30th of April and sundown of the 1st of May, over one thousand families had 
settled on their new purchase. 

AVhile this scene was transpiring, the retreating Indians were enacting one more impressive 
and melancholy. The Winter of 1842-43 was one of unusual severity, and the Indian prophet, 
who had disapproved of the treaty, attributed the severity of the Winter to the anger of the Great 
Spirit, because they had sold their country. Many religious rites were performed to atone for 
the crime. When the time for leaving Ot-tum-wa-no arrived, a solemn silence pervaded the Indian 
camp, and the faces of their stoutest men were bathed in tears; and when their cavalcade was 
put in motion, toward the setting sun, there was a spontaneous outburst of frantic grief from the 
entire procession. 

The Indians remained the appointed time beyond the line running north and south through 
Redrock. The government established a trading post and military encampment at the Raccoon 
Fork of the Des Moines River, then and for many years known as Fort Des Moines. Here the 
red man lingered until the 11th of October, 184-5, when the same scene that we have before 
described was re-enacted, and the wave of immigration swept over the remainder of the " New 
Purchase." The lands thus occupied and claimed by the settlers still belonged in fee to the Gen- 
eral Government. The surveys were not completed until some time after the Indian title was 
extinguished. After their survey, the lands were publicly proclaimed or advertised for sale at 
public auction. Under the laws of the United States, a pre-emption or exclusive right to purchase 
public lands could not be acquired until after the lands had thus been publicly offered and not 
sold for want of bidders. Then, and not until then, an occupant making improvements in good 
faith might acquire a right over others to enter the land at the minimum price of $1.25 per 
acre. The "claim laws" were unknown to the United States statutes. They originated in the 
" eternal fitness of things," and were enforced, probably, as belonging to that class of natural 
rights not enumerated in the constitution, and not impaired or disparaged by its enumeration. 

The settlers organized in every settlement prior to the public land sales, appointed officers, 
and adopted their own rules and regulations. Each man's claim was duly ascertained and 
recorded by the Secretary. It was the duty of all to attend the sales. The Secretary bid off the 
lands of each settler at $1.25 per acre. The others were there, to see, first, that he did his duty 
and bid in the land, and, secondly, to see that no one else bid. This, of course, sometimes led to 
trouble, but it saved the excitement of competition, and gave a formality and degree of order 
and regulai-ity to the proceedings they would not otherwise have attained. As far as practicable, 
the Territorial Legislature recognized the validity of these " claims " upon the public lands, and 
in 1839 passed an act legalizing their sale and making their transfer a valid consideration to sup- 
port a promise to pay for the same. (Acts of 1843, v). 456). The Supreme Territorial Court 
held this law to be valid. (See Hill v. Smith, 1st Morris Rep. 70). The opinion not only con- 
tains a decision of the question involved, but also contains much valuable erudition upon that 
"spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty" which the Iowa settlers unquestionably inherited in a direct 
line of descent from the said " Anglo-Saxons." But the early settler was not always able to pay 
even this dollar and twenty-five cents per acre for his land. 

Many of the settlers had nothing to begin with, save their hands, health and 
courage and their family jewels, "the pledges of love," and the "consumers of 
bread." It was not so easy to accumulate money in the early days of the State, 
and the "beautiful prairies," the "noble streams," and all that sort of poetic 
imagery, did not prevent the early settlers from becoming discouraged. 

An old settler, in speaking of the privations and trials of those early days, 
says: 

Well do the "old settlers ' of Iowa remember the days from the first settlement to 1840. 
Those were days of sadness and distress. The endearments of home in another land had been 



180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

broken up; and all that was hallowed on earth, the home of childhood and the scenes of youth, 
we severed ; and we sat down by the gentle waters of our noble river, and often " hung our harps 
on the willows." 

Another, from another part of the State, testifies : 

There was no such thing as getting money for any kind of labor. I laid brick at $.3.00 
per thousand, and took my pay in anything I could eat or wear. I built the first Methodist 
Church at Keokuk, 42x60 feet, of brick, for $600, and took my pay in a subscription paper, part 
of which I never collected, and upon which I only received $50 00 in money. Wheat was hauled 
100 miles from the interior, and sold for 37J cents per bushel. 

Another old settler, speaking of a later period, 1843, says : 

Land and everything had gone down in value to almost nominal prices. Corn and oats 
could be bought for six or ten cents a bushel ; pork, $1.00 per hundred ; and the best horse a 
man could raise sold for $50.00, Nearly all were in debt, and the Sheriff and Constable, with 
legal processes, were common visitors at almost every man's door. These were indeed " the times 
that tried men's souls." 

"A few," says Mr. Nourse, "who were not equal to the trial, returned to 
their old homes, but such as had the courage and faith to be the worthy founders 
of a great State remained, to more than realize the fruition of their hopes, and 
the reward of their self-denial." 

On Monday, December 6, 1841, the fourth Legislative Assembly met, at 
the new capital, Iowa City, but the capitol building could not be. used, and the 
Legislature occupied a temporary frame house, that had been erected for that 
purpose, during the session of 1841-2. At this session, the Superintendent of 
Public Buildings (who, with the Territorial Agent, had superseded the Commis- 
sioners first appointed), estimated the expense of completing the building at 
$33,330, and that rooms for the use of the Legislature could be completed for 
$15,600. 

During 1842, the Superintendent commenced obtaining stone from a new 
quarry, about ten miles northeast of the city. This is now known as the " Old 
Capitol Quarry," and contains, it is thought, an immense quantity of excellent 
building stone. Here all the stone for completing the building was obtained, 
and it was so far completed, that on the 5th day of December, 1842, the Legis- 
lature assembled in the new capitol. At this session, the Superintendent esti- 
mated that it would cost $39,143 to finish the building. This was nearly 
$6,000 higher than the estimate of the previous year, notwithstanding a large 
sum had been expended in the meantime. This rather discouraging discrep- 
ancy was accounted for by the fact that the ofiicers in charge of the work were 
constantly short of funds. Except the congressional appropriation of $20,000 
and the loan of $5,500, obtained from the Miners' Bank, of Dubuque, all the 
funds for the prosecution of the work were derived from the sale of the city 
lots (which did not sell very rapidly), from certificates of indebtedness, and from 
scrip, based upon unsold lots, which was to be received in payment for such lots 
when they were sold. At one time, the Superintendent made a requisition for 
bills of iron and glass, which could not be obtained nearer than St. Louis. To 
meet this, the Agent sold some lots for a draft, payable at Pittsburgh, Pa., for 
which he was compelled to pay twenty-five per cent, exchange. This draft, 
amounting to $507, that officer reported to be more than one-half the cash 
actually handled by him during the entire season, when the disbursements 
amounted to very nearly $24,000. 

With such uncertainty, it could not be expected that estimates could be very 
accurate. With all these disadvantages, however, the work appears to have 
been prudently prosecuted, and as rapidly as circumstances would permit. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 181 

Iowa remained a Territory from 1838 to 1846, during which the office of 
Governor was held by Robert Lucas, John Chambers and James Clarke. 



STATE ORGANIZATION. 

By an act of the Territorial Legislature of Iowa, approved February 12, 

1844, the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for 
the election of Delegates to a convention to be convened for that purpose was 
submitted to the people, to be voted upon at their township electims in April 
following. The vote was largely in favor of the measure, and the Delegates 
elected assembled in convention at Iowa City, on the 7th of October, 1844. 
On the first day of November following, the convention completed its work and 
adopted the first State Constitution. 

The President of the convention, Hon. Shepherd Leffler, was instructed to 
transmit a certified copy of this Constitution to the Delegate in Congress, to be 
by him submitted to that body at the earliest practicable day. It was also pro- 
vided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that 
might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval 
or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. 

The boundaries of the State, as defined by this Constitution, were as fol- 
lows : 

Beginning in the middle of the channel of the Mississippi River, opposite mouth of the 
Des Moines River, thence up the said river Des Moines, in the middle of the main channel 
thereof, to a point where it is intersected by the Old Indian Boundary line, or line run by John 
C. Sullivan, in the year 1816 ; thence westwardly along said line to the " old " northwest corner 
of Missouri ; thence due west to the middle of tlie main channel of the Missouri River ; thence 
up in the middle of the main channel of the river last mentioned to the mouth of the Sioux or 
Calumet River ; thence in a direct line to the middle of the main channel of the St. Pelerd River, 
where the \Vatonwan River — according to Nicollet's map — enters the same ; thence down the 
middle of the main channel of said river to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi 
River ; thence down the middle of the main channel of said river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries were rejected by Congress, but by act approved IMarch 3, 

1845, a State called Iowa was admitted into the Union, provided the people 
accepted the act, bounded as follows : 

Beginning at the mouth of the Des Moines River, at the middle of the Mississippi, thence 
by the middle of the channel of that river to a parallel of latitude passing Ihrough the mouth of 
the Mankato or Blue Earth River; thence west, along said parallel of latitude, to a point where 
it is intersected by a meridian line seventeen degrees and thirty minutes west of ttie iiu'ridiiui 
of Washington City ; thence due south, to the northern boundary line of the State of Missouri; 
thence eastwardly, following that boundary to the point at which the same intersects the Des 
Moines River ; thence by the middle of the channel of that river to the place of beginning. 

These boundaries, had they been accepted, would have placed the northern 
boundary of the State about thirty miles north of its present location, and would 
have deprived it of the Missouri slope and the boundary of that river. The 
western boundary Avould have been near the west line of what is now Kossuth 
County. But it was not so to be. In consequence of this radical and unwel- 
come change in the boundaries, the people refused to accept the act of Congress 
and rejected the Constitution at the election, held August 4, 1845, by a vote of 
7,656 to 7,2.35. 

A second Constitutional Convention assembled at Iowa City on the 4th day 
of May, 1846, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution for the 
new State with the present boundaries, was adopted and submitted to the people 
for ratification on the 3d day of August following, Avhen it was accepted ; U,492 
votes were cast "for the Constitution," and 9,086 "against the Constitution." 



182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The Constitution was approved by Congress, and by act of Congress approved 
December 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American 
Union. 

Prior to this action of Congress, however, the people of the new State held 
an election under the new Constitution on the 26th day of October, and elected 
Oresel Briggs, Governor ; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secretary of State ; Joseph T. 
Fales, Auditor ; Morgan Reno, Treasurer ; and members of the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

At this time there were twenty-seven organized counties in the State, with 
a population of nearly 100,000, and the frontier settlements were rapidly push- 
ing toward the Missouri River. The Mormons had already reached there. 

The first General Assembly of the State of Iowa was composed of nineteen 
Senators and forty Representatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30, 
1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. 

At the first session of the State Legislature, the Treasurer of State reported 
that the capitol building was in a very exposed condition, liable to injury from 
storms, and expressed the hope that some provision would be made to complete 
it, at least sufiiciently to protect it from the weather. The General Assembly 
responded by appropriating $2,500 for the completion of the public buildings. 
At the first session also arose the question of the re-location of the capital. The 
western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward 
the eastern and southern boundary of the State ; this was conceded. Congress 
had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and 
toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location 
of the seat of government, involving to some extent the location of the State 
University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to a deal of 
discussion and parliamentary maneuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. 
It provided for the appointment of three Commissioners, who were authorized to 
make a location as near the geographical center of the State as a healthy and 
eligible site could be obtained ; to select the five sections of land donated by 
Congress ; to survey and plat into town lots not exceeding one section of the 
land so selected ; to sell lots at public sale, not to exceed two in each block. 
Having done this, they were then required to suspend further operations, and 
make a report of their proceedings to the Governor. The bill passed both 
Houses by decisive votes, received the signature of the Governor, and became a 
law. Soon after, by "An act to locate and establish a State University," 
approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, 
together with the ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted 
for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General 
Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions Avere made by law. 

The Commissioners forthwith entered upon their duties, and selected four 
sections and two half sections in Jasper County. Two of these sections are in 
Avhat is now Des Moines ToAvnship, and the others in Fairview Township, in the 
southern part of that county. These lands are situated between Prairie City 
and Monroe, on the Keokuk & Des Moines Railroad, which runs diagonally 
through them. Here a town was platted, called Monroe City, and a sale of 
lots took place. Four hundred and fifteen lots were sold, at prices that were 
not considered remarkably remunerative. The cash payments (one-fourth) 
amounted to $1,797.43, while the expenses of the sale and the claims of the 
Commissioners for services amounted to $2,206.57. The Commissioners made 
a report of their proceedings to the Governor, as required by law, but the loca- 
tion was generally condemned. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 183 

When the report of the Commissioners, showing this brilliant financial ope- 
ration, had been read in the House of Representatives, at the next session, and 
while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as 
the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select Committee 
of Five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Monroe Avas under 
water and how much was burned." The report was referred, without the 
instructions, however, but Monroe City never became the seat of government. 
By an act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been 
made was repealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchas- 
ers of lots being refunded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of govern- 
ment at Iowa City, and precluded, for the time, the occupation of the building 
and grounds by the University. 

At the same session, $3,000 more were appropriated for completing the 
State building at Iowa City. In 1852, the further sum of $5,000, and in 1854 
$4,000 more were apppropriated for the same purpose, making the whole cost 
$123,000, paid partly by the General Government and partly by the State, but 
principally from the proceeds of the sale of lots in Iowa City. 

But the question of the permanent location of the seat of government was 
not settled, and in 1851 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to 
Pella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the 
majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of ordering it to its 
third reading. 

At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the 
removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and, on final vote, 
was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more 
successful, and on the 15th day of January, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital 
within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appoint- 
ment of Commissioners, was approved by Gov. Grimes. The site was selected 
in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated 
to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An association of 
citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at 
a nominal rent. 

The third Constitutional Convention to revise the Constitution of the State 
assembled at Iowa City, January 19, 1857. The new Constitution framed by 
this convention was submitted to the people at an election held August 3, 1857, 
when it was approved and adopted by a vote of 40,311 " for " to 38,681 
" against," and on the 3d day of September following was declared by a procla- 
mation of the Governor to be the supreme law of the State of Iowa. 

Advised of the completion of the temporary State House at Des Moines, on 
the 19th of October following, Governor Grimes issued another proclamation, 
declaring the City of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. 

The removal of the archives and ofiiccs was commenced at once and con- 
tinued through the Fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there 
was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually 
disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties ; 
and it was not until December, that the last of the effects — the safe of the State 
Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob-sleds " — drawn by ten yoke of oxen was de- 
posited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that, during this 
passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, 
the safes belonging to the several departments contained large sums of money, 
mostly individual funds, however. Thus, Iowa City ceased to be the capital of 
the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three 



184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Constitutional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, 
the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the University, and, except the 
rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immedi- 
ate and direct control of the Trustees of that institution. 

Des Moines was now the permanent seat of government, made so by the 
fundamental law of the State, and on the 11th day of January, 1858, the 
seventii General Assembly convened at the new capital. The building used 
for governmental purposes was purchased in 1864. It soon became inadequate 
for the purposes for which it was designed, and it became apparent that a new, 
large and permanent State House must be erected. In 1870, the General 
Assembly made an appropriation and provided for the appointment of a Board 
of Commissioners to commence the work. The board consisted of Gov. Samuel 
Merrill, ex officio, President ; Grenville M. Dodge, Council Bluifs ; James F. 
Wilson, Fairfield; James Dawson, Washington; Simon G. Stein, Muscatine ; 
James 0. Crosby, Gainsville ; Charles Dudley, Agency City ; John N. Dewey, 
Des Moines ; William L. Joy, Sioux City ; Alexander R. Fulton, Des Moines, 
Secretary. 

The act of 1870 provided that the building should be constructed of the 
best material and should be fire proof; to be heated and ventilated in the most 
approved manner; should contain suitable legislative halls, rooms for State 
officers, the judiciary, library, committees, archives and the collections of the 
State Agricultural Society, and for all purpoees of State Government, and 
should be erected on grounds held by the State for that purpose. The sum first 
appropriated was $150,000 ; and the law provided that no contract should be 
made, either for constructing or furnishing the building, which should bind the 
State for larger sums than those at the time appropriated. A design was drawn 
and plans and specifications furnished by Cochrane & Piquenard, architects, 
which were accepted by the board, and on the 23d of November, 1871, the cor- 
ner stone was laid with appropriate cerem.onies. The estimated cost and present 
value of the capitol is fixed at $2,000,000. 

From 1858 to 1860, the Sioux became troublesome in the northwestern 
part of the State. These warlike Indians made frequent plundering raids upon 
the settlers, and murdered several families. In 1861, several companies of 
militia were ordered to that portion of the State to hunt down and punish the 
murderous thieves. No battles were fought, however, for the Indians fled 
when they ascertained that systematic and adequate measures had been adopted 
to protect the settlers. 

" The year 1856 marked a new era in the history of Iowa. In 1854, the 
Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the east bank of the 
Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In 1854, the corner stone of a railroad 
bridge, that was to be the first to span the "Father of Waters," was laid with 
appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enter- 
prise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful 
effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis 
repented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating our example. 
On the 1st day of January, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. 
In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Missis- 
sippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were 
being extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four lines of railroad 
had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, hav- 
ing eastern connections. On the 15th of May, 1856, the Congress of the 
United States passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the construction of 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



185 



I 



railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the 
proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July 
of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed 
to complete these enterprises. The population of our State at this time had 
increased to 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a 
railroad across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and 
center of the Republic, on the route of this great highway across the continent, 
began to attract attention Cities and towns sprang up through the State as 
if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been employed 
in developing our vast coal measures and establishing manufactories among us, 
or if it had been expended in improving our lands, and buildmg houses and 
bai-ns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the 
spirit of speculation ruled the hour. 

" In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of 
the railroads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in 
the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad 
companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount." Thus enormous 
county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these municipalities 
tried to avoid upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limit- 
ation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these 
bonds to be valid ; and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county 
authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments. These debts are not all paid 
even yet, but the worst is over and ultimately the burden will be entirely 
removed 

The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in Jan- 
uary, 1871. The others were completed soon after. In 1854, there was not 
a mile of railroad in the State. In 1874, twenty years after, there were 3,765 
miles in successful operation. 

GROWTH AND PROGRESS. 

When Wisconsin Territory was organized, in 1836, the entire population of 
that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10,531. 
The Territory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected 
by the Territory of Michigan, in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, the Territorial 
Legislature of Wisconsin increased the number of counties to sixteen, and the 
population had increased to 22,859. Since then, the counties have increased 
to ninety-nine, and the population, in 1875, was 1,366,000. The following 
table Avill show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa 
Territory : 

Year. Population. 

1852 230,713 

1854 326,013 

1856 519.055 

1859 638,775 

1860 674,913 

1863 701,732 

1865 754,699 

1867 902,040 

The most populous county in the State is Dubuque. Not only in popula- 
tion, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a State has 
Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty years, its wild but 
beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civ- 
ilized commonwealth, embracing all the elements of progress which characterize 
the older States. 



Year. Population. 

1838 22,589 

1840 43,115 

1844 75,152 

1846 97,588 

1847 116,651 

1849 152,988 

1850 191,982 

1851 204,774 



Year. Population. 

18G9 1,040,819 

1870 1,191,727 

1873 1,251,333 

1875 1,366,000 

1876 

1877 



186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Thriving cities and towns dot its fair surface ; an iron net-work of thou- 
sands of miles of railroads is woven over its broad acres ; ten thousand school 
houses, in which more than five hundred thousand children are being taught 
the rudiments of education, testify to the culture and liberality of the people ; 
high schools, colleges and universities are generously endowed by the State ; 
manufactories spring up on all her water courses, and in most of her cities 
and towns. 

Whether measured from the date of her first settlement, her organization as 
a Territory or admission as a State, Iowa has thus far shown a growth unsur- 
passed, in a similar period, by any commonwealth on the face of the earth ; 
and, with her vast extent of fertile soil, with her inexhaustible treasures of 
mineral wealth, with a healthful, invigorating climate ; an intelligent, liberty- 
loving people; with equal, just and liberal laws, and her free schools, the 
future of Iowa may be expected to surpass the most hopeful anticipations of her 
present citizens. 

Looking upon Iowa as she is to-day — populous, prosperous and happy — it 
is hard to realize the wonderful changes that have occurred since the first white 
settlements were made within her borders. When the number of States was 
only twenty-six, and their total population about twenty millions, our repub- 
lican form of government was hardly more than an experiment, just faiidy put 
upon trial. The development of our agricultural resources and inexhaustible 
mineral wealth had hardly commenced. Westward the "Star of Empire" 
had scarcely started on its way. West of the great Mississippi was a mighty 
empire, but almost unknown, and marked on the maps of the period as " The 
Great American Desert." 

Now, thirty-eight stars glitter on our national escutcheon, and forty-five 
millions of people, who know their rights and dare maintain them, tread 
American soil, and the grand sisterhood of States extends from the Gulf of 
Mexico to the Canadian border, and from the rocky coast of the Atlantic to 
the golden shores of the Pacific. 

THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM. 

Ames, Story County. 

The Iowa, State Agricultural College and Farm were established by an act 
of the General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. A Board of Trustees was 
appointed, consisting of Governor R. P. Lowe, John D. Wright, William Duane 
Wilson, M. W. Robinson, Timothy Day, Richard Gaines, John Pattee, G. W. 
F. Sherwin, Suel Foster, S. W. Henderson, Clement Coffin and E. G. Day ; 
the Governors of the State and President of the College being ex officio mem- 
bers. Subsequently the number of Trustees was reduced to five. The Board 
met in June, 1859, and received propositions for the location of the College and 
Farm from Hardin, Polk, Story and Boone, Marshall, Jefferson and Tama 
Counties. In July, the proposition of Story County and some of its citizens 
and by the citizens of Boone County was accepted, and the farm and the site 
for the buildings were located. In 1860-61, the farm-house and barn were 
erected. In 1862, Congress granted to the State 240,000 acres of land for the 
endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanical arts, and 195,000 acres 
were located by Peter Melendy, Commissioner, in 1862-3. George W. Bassett 
was appointed Land Agent for the institution. In 1864, the General Assem- 
bly appropriated $20,000 for the erection of the college building. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 18T 

In June of that year, the Building Committee, consisting of Suel Foster, 
Peter Melendy and A. J. Bronson, proceeded to let the contract. John Browne, 
of Des Moines, was employed as architect, and furnished the plans of the build- 
ing, but was superseded in its construction by C. A. Dunham. The $20,000 
appropriated by the General Assembly were expended in putting in the foun- 
dations and making the brick for the structure. An additional appropriation 
of $91,000 was made in 1866, and the building was completed in 1868. 

Tuition in this college is made by law forever free to pupils from the State 
over sixteen years of age, who have been resident of the State six months pre- 
vious to their admission. Each county in the State has a prior right of tuition 
for three scholars from each county ; the remainder, e(|ual to the capacity of the 
college, are by the Trustees distributed among the counties in proportion to the 
population, and subject to the above rule. All sale of ardent spirits, wine or 
beer are prohibited by law within a distance of three miles from the college, 
except for sacramental, mechanical or medical purposes. 

The course of instruction in the Agricultural College embraces the following 
branches: Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Botany, Horticulture, Fruit Growing, 
Forestry, Animal and Vegetable Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy, Meteorology, 
Entomology, Zoology, the Veterinary Art, Plane Mensuration, Leveling, Sur- 
veying, Bookkeeping, and such Mechanical Arts as are directly connected 
with agriculture ; also such other studies as the Trustees may from time to time 
prescribe, not inconsistent with the purposes of the institution. 

The funds arising from the lease and sale of lands and interest on invest- 
ments are sufficient for the support of the institution. Several College Societies 
are maintained among the students, who publish a monthly paper. There is 
also an " out-law " called the " ATA^ Chapter Omega." 

The Board of Trustees in 1877 was composed of C. W. Warden, Ottumwa, 
Chairman ; Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa City ; William B. Treadway, 
Sioux City ; Buel Sherman, Fredericksburg, and Laurel Summers, Le Claire. 
E. W. Starten, Secretary ; William D. Lucas, Treasurer. 

Board of Instruction. — A. S. Welch, LL. D., President and Professor of 
Psychology and Philosophy of Science ; Gen. J. L. Geddes, Professor of IMili- 
tary Tactics and Engineering; W. H. Wynn, A. M., Ph. D., Professor of 
English Literature; C. E. Bessey, M. S., Professor of Botany, Zoology, Ento- 
mology ; A. Thompson, C. E., Mechanical Engineering and Superintendent of 
Workshops; F. E. L. Beal, B. S., Civil Engineering; T. E. Pope, A. M., 
Chemistry; M. Stalker, Agricultural and Veterinary Science; J. L. Budd, 
Horticulture ; J. K. Macomber, Physics ; E. W. Stanton, Mathematics and 
Political Economy ; Mrs. Margaret P. Stanton, Preceptress, Instructor in 
French and Mathematics. 

THE STATE UNIVERSITY. 

Iowa City, Johnson County. 

In the famous Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress before the Territory 
of the United States extended beyond the Mississippi River, it was declared 
that in all the territory northwest of the Ohio River, " Schools and the means 
of education shall forever be encouraged." By act of Congress, approved July 
20, 1840, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized "to set apart and re- 
serve from sale, out of any of the public lands within the Territory of Iowa, ta 
which the Indian title has been or may be extinguished, and not otherwise ap- 
propriated, a quantity of land, not exceeding the entire townships, for the use 



188 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

and support of a university within said Territorry when it becomes a State, and 
for no other use or purpose whatever ; to be located in tracts of not less than an 
entire section, corresponding with any of the large divisions into which the pub- 
lic land are authorized to be surveyed." 

William W. Dodge, of Scott County, was appointed by the Secretary of the 
Treasury to make the selections. He selected Section 5 in Township 78, north 
of Range 3, east of the Fifth Principal Meridian, and then removed from the 
Territory. No more lands were selected until 1846, when, at the request of the 
Assembly, John M. Whitakerof Van Buren County, was appointed, who selected 
the remainder of the grant except about 122 acres. 

In the first Constitution, under which Iowa was admitted to the Union, the 
people directed the disposition of the proceeds of this munificent grant in ac- 
cordance with its terms, and instructed the General Assembly to provide, as soon 
as may be, effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the 
funds of the university derived from the lands. 

The first General Assembly, by act approved February 25, 1847, established 
the " State University of Iowa " at Iowa City, then the capital of the State, 
"with such other branches as public convenience may hereafter require." 
The " public buildings at Iowa City, together with the ten acres of land in which 
they are situated," were granted for the use of said university, provided, how- 
ever, that the sessions of the Legislature and State offices should be held in the 
capitol until otherwise provided by law. The control and management of the 
University were committed to a board of fifteen Trustees, to be appointed by the 
Legislature, five of whom were to be chosen bienially. The Superintendent 
of Public Instruction was made President of this Board. Provisions were made 
for the disposal of the two townships of land, and for the investment of the funds 
arising therefrom. The act further provides that the University shall never be 
under the exclusive control of any religious denomination whatever," and as 
soon as the revenue for the grant and donations amounts to $2,000 a year, the 
University should commence and continue the instruction, free of charge, of fifty 
.students annually. The General Assembly retained full supervision over the 
University, its officers and the grants and donations made and to be made to it 
by the State. 

Section 5 of the act appointed James P. Carleton, H. D. Downey, Thomas 
Snyder, Samuel McCrory, Curtis Bates, Silas Foster, E. C. Lyon, James H. 
Gower, George G. Vincent, Wm. G. Woodward, Theodore S. Parvin, George 
Atchinson, S. G. Matson, H. W. Starr and Ansel Briggs, the first Board of 
Trustees. 

The organization of the University at Iowa City was impracticable, how- 
ever, so long as the seat of government was retained there. 

In January, 1849, two branches of the University and three Normal 
Schools were established. The branches were located — one at Fairfield, and 
the other at Dubuque, and were placed upon an equal footing, in respect to 
funds and all other matters, with the University established at Iowa City. 
"This act," says Col. Benton, "created tliree State Universities, with equal 
rights and powers, instead of a 'University with such branches as public conven- 
ience maji hereafter demand,'' as provided by the Constitution." 

The Board of Directors of the Fairfield Branch consisted of Barnet Ris- 
tine, Christian W. Slagle, Daniel Rider, Horace Gaylord, Bernhart Henn and 
Samuel S. Bayard. At the first meeting of the Board, Mr. Henn was elected 
President, Mr. Slagle Secretary, and Mr. Gaylord Treasurer. Twenty acres 
of land were purchased, and a building erected thereon, costing $2,500. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 189 

This building was nearly destroyed by a hurricane, in 1850, but was rebuilt 
more substantially, all by contributions of the citizens of Fairfield. This 
branch never received any aid from the State or from the University Fund, 
and by act approved January 24, 1853, at the request of the Board, the Gen- 
eral Assembly terminated its relation to the State. 

The branch at Dubuque was placed under the control of the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, and John King, Caleb H. Booth, James M. Emerson, 
Michael J. Sullivan, Richard Benson and the Governor of the State as 
Trustees. The Trustees never organized, and its existence was only nominal. 

The Normal Schools were located at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mount 
Pleasant, respectively. Each was to be governed by a board of seven Trustees, to 
be appointed by the Trustees of the University. Each was to receive $500 annu- 
ally from the income of the University Fund, upon condition that they should ed- 
ucate eight common school teachers, free of charge for tuition, and that the citizens 
should contribute an equal sum for the erection of the requisite buildings. 
The several Boards of Trustees were appointed. At Andrew, the school was 
organized Nov. 21, 1849; Samuel Ray, Principal; Miss J. S. Dorr, Assist- 
ant. A building was commenced and over $1,000 expended on it, but it was 
never completed. At Oskaloosa, the Trustees organized in April, 1852. This 
school was opened in the Court House, September 13, 1852, under the charge 
of Prof. G. M. Drake and wife. A two story brick building was completed in 
1853, costing $2,473. The school at Mount Pleasant was never organized. 
Neither of these schools received any aid from the University Fund, but in 
1857 the Legislature appropriated $1,000 each for those at Oskaloosa and 
Andrew, and repealed the law authorizing the payment of money to them from 
the University Fund. From that time they made no further effort to 
continue in operation. 

At a special meeting of the Board of Trustees, held February 21, 1850, 
the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Upper Mississippi," established 
at Davenport, was recognized as the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
the State University of Iowa," expressly stipulating, however, that such recog- 
nition should not render the University liable for any pecuniary aid, nor was 
the Board to have any control over the property or management of the Medical 
Association. Soon after, this College was removed to Keokuk, its second ses- 
sion being opened there in November, 1850. In 1851, the General Assembly 
confirmed the action of the Board, and by act approved January 22, 1855, 
placed the Medical College under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of 
the University, and it continued in operation until this arrangement was termi- 
nated by the new Constitution, September 3, 1857. 

From 1847 to 1855, the Board of Trustees was kept full by regular elec- 
tions by the Legislature, and the Trustees held frequent meetings, but there was 
no effectual organization of the University. In March, 1855, it was partially 
opened for a term of sixteen weeks. July 16, 1855, Amos Dean, of Albany, 
N. Y., was elected President, but he never entered fully upon its duties. The 
University was again opened in September, 1855, and continued in operation 
until June, 1856, under Professors Johnson, Welton, Van Valkenburg and 
Guffin. 

In the Spring of 1856, the capital of the State was located at Des Moines; 
but there were no buildings there, and the capitol at Iowa City was not vacated 
by the State until December, 1857. 

In June, 1856, the faculty was re-organized, with some changes, and the 
University was again opened on the third Wednesday of September, 1856. 



190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

There were one hundred and twenty-four students — eighty-three males and 
forty-one females — in attendance during the year 1856-7, and the first regular 
catalogue was published. 

At a special meeting of the Board, September 22, 1857, the honorary de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts was conferrei on D. Franklin Wells. This Avas the 
first degree conferred by the Board. 

Article IX, Section 11, of the neAv State Constitution, which went into force 
September 3, 1857, provided as follows : 

The State University shall be established at one place, without branches at any other place ; 
and the University fund shall be applied to that institution, and no other. 

Article XI, Section 8, provided that 

The seat of Government is hereby permanently established, as now fixed by law, at the city 
of Des JMoines, in the county of Polk ; and the State University at Iowa City, in the county of 
Johnson. 

The new Constitution created the Board of Education, consisting of the 
Lieutenant Governor, who was ex officio President, and one member to be elected 
from each judicial district in the State. This Board was endowed with 
" full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- 
tions in relation to common schools and other educational institutions," subject 
to alteration, amendment or repeal by the General Assembly, which was vested 
with authority to abolish or re-organize the Board at any time after 1863. 

In December, 1857, the old capitol building, now known as Central Hall of 
the University, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, 
and the property, with that exception, passed under the control of the Trustees, 
and became the seat of the University. The old building had had hard usage, 
and its arrangement was illy adapted for University purposes. Extensive repairs 
and changes were necessary, but the Board was without funds for these pur- 
poses. 

The last meeting of the Board, under the old law, was held in January, 
1858. At this meeting, a resolution was introduced, and seriously considered, 
to exclude females from the University ; but it finally failed. 

March 12, 1858, the first Legislature under the new Constitution enacted 
a new law in relation to the University, but it was not materially different from 
the former. March 11, 1858, the Legislature appropriated $3,000 for the re- 
pair and modification of the old capitol building, and $10,000 for the erection 
of a boarding house, now known as South Hall. 

The Board of Trustees created by the new law met and duly organized 
April 27, 1858, and determined to close the University until the income from its 
fund should be adequate to meet the current expenses, and the buildings should 
be ready for occupation. Until this term, the building known as the " Mechan- 
ics' Academy" had been used for the school. The Faculty, except the Chan- 
cellor (Dean), was dismissed, and all further instruction suspended, from the close 
of the term then in progress until September, 1859. At this meeting, a reso- 
lution was adopted excluding females from the University after the close of the 
existing term ; but this was afterward, in August, modified, so as to admit them 
to the Normal Department. 

At the meeting of the Board, August 4, 1858, the degree of Bachelor of 
Science was conferred upon Dexter Edson Smith, being the first degree con- 
ferred upon a student of the University. Diplomas were awarded to the mem- 
bers of the first graduating class of the Normal Department as follows : Levi 
P. Aylworth, Cellina H. Aylworth, Elizabeth L. Humphrey, Annie A. Pinney 
and Sylvia M. Thompson. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 191 

An " Act for the Government and Regulation of the State University of 
Iowa," approved December 25, 1858, was mainly a re-enactment of the law of 
March 12, 1858, except that changes were made in the Board of Trustees, and 
manner of their appointment. This law provided that both sexes were to be 
admitted on equal terms to all departments of the institution, leaving the Board 
no discretion in the matter. 

The new Board met and organized, February 2, 1859, and decided to con- 
tinue the Normal Department only to the end of the current term, and that it 
was unwise to re-open the University at that time ; but at the annual meeting 
of the Board, in June of the same year, it was resolved to continue the Normal 
Department in operation ; and at a special meeting, October 25, 1859, it was 
decided to re-open the University in September, 1860. Mr. Dean had resigned 
as Chancellor prior to this meeting, and Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D., was elected 
President, at a salary of $2,000, and his term commenced June, 1860, 

At the annual meeting, June 28, 1860, a full Faculty was appointed, and 
the University re-opened, under this new organization, September 19, 1860 
(third Wednesday) ; and at this date the actual existence of the University may 
be said to commence. 

August 19, 1862, Dr. Totten having resigned. Prof. Oliver M. Spencer 
was elected President and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred 
upon Judge Samuel F. Miller, of Keokuk. 

At the commencement, in June, 1863, was the first class of graduates in 
the Collegiate Department. 

The Board of Education was abolished March 19, 1864, and the office of 
Superintendent of Public Instruction was restored ; the General Assembly 
resumed control of the subject of education, and on March 21, an act was ap- 
proved for the government of the University. It was substantially the same as 
the former law, but provided that the Governor should be ex officio President of 
the Board of Trustees. Until 1858, the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
had been ex officio President. During the period of the Board of Education, 
the University Trustees were elected by it, and elected their own President. 

President Spencer was granted leave of absence from April 10, 1866, for 
fifteen months, to visit Europe; and Prof. Nathan R. Leonard was elected 
President j)ro tern. 

The North Hall was completed late in 1866. 

At the annual meeting in June, 1867, the resignation of President Spencer 
(absent in Europe) was accepted, and Prof. Leonard continued as President ^jro 
tern., until March 4, 1868, when James Black, D. D., Vice President of Wash- 
ington and Jefferson College, Penn., was elected President. Dr. Black entered 
upon his duties in September, 1868. 

The Law Department was established in June, 1868, and, in September fol- 
lowing, an arrangement was perfected with the Iowa Law School, at Des Moines, 
which had been in successful operation for three years, under the management 
of Messrs. George G. Wright, Chester C. Cole and William G. Hammond, by 
which that institution was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the Law De- 
partment of the University. The Faculty of this department consisted of the 
President of the University, Hon. Wm. G. Hammond, Resident Professor and 
Principal of the Department, and Professors G. G. Wright and C. C. Cole. 

Nine students entered at the commencement of the first term, and during 
the year ending June, 1877, there were 103 students in this department. 

At a special meeting of the Board, on the 17th of September, 1868, a Com- 
mittee was appointed to consider the expediency of establishing a Medical De- 



192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

partment. This Committee reported at once in favor of the proposition, the 
Faculty to consist of the President of the University and seven Professors, and 
recommended that, if practicable, the new department should be opened at the 
commencement of the University year, in 1869-70. At this meeting, Hon. 
Ezekiel Clark was elected Treasurer of the University. 

By an act of the General Assembly, approved April 11, 1870, the "Board 
of Regents" was instituted as the governing power of the University, and since 
that time it has been the fundamental law of the institution. The Board of 
Regents held its first meeting June 28, 1870. Wm. J. Haddock was elected 
Secretary, and Mr. Clark, Treasurer. 

Dr. Black tendered his resignation as President, at a special meeting of the 
Board, held August 18, 1870, to take effect on the 1st of December following. 
His resignation was accepted. 

The South Hall having been fitted up for the purpose, the first term of the 
Medical Department was opened October 24, 1870, and continued until March, 
1871, at which time there were three graduates and thirty-nine students. 

March 1, 1871, Rev. George Thacher was elected President of the Univer- 
sity. Mr. Thacher accepted, entered upon his duties April 1st, and was form- 
ally inaugurated at the annual meeting in June, 1861. 

In June, 1874, the " Chair of Military Instruction" was established, and 
the President of the United States was requested to detail an officer to perform 
its duties. In compliance with this request, Lieut. A. D. Schenck, Second Artil- 
lery, U. S. A., was detailed as "Professor of Military Science and Tactics," 
at Iowa State University, by order of the War Department, August 26, 1874, 
who reported for duty on the 10th of September following. Lieut. Schenck 
was relieved by Lieut. James Chester, Third Artillery, January 1, 1877. 

Treasurer Clark resigned November 3, 1875, and John N. Coldren elected 
in his stead. 

At the annual meeting, in 1876, a Department of Homoeopathy was 
established. 

In March, 1877, a resolution was adopted affiliating the High Schools of 
the State with the University. 

In June, 1877, Dr. Thacher's connection Avith the University was termi- 
nated, and C. W. Slagle, a member of the Board of Regents, was elected Pres- 
ident. 

In 1872, the ex officio membership of the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion was abolished ; but it was restored in 1876. Following is a catalogue of 
the officers of this important institution, from 1847 to 1878 : 

TRUSTEES OR REGENTS. 

PRESIDENTS. 

FROM TO 

James Harlan, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1847 1848 

Thomas H. Benton, Jr,, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1848 1854 

James D. Eads, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1854 1857 

Maturin L. Fisher, Superintendent Public Instruction, ex officio 1857 1858 

Amos Dean, Chancellor, ex officio 1858 1859 

Thomas H. Benton, Jr 1859 18(J3 

Francis Springer 1863 1864 

William M. Stone, Governor, ex officio 1864 1808 

Samuel Merrill, Governor, ex officio 1868 1872 

Cyrus C. Carpenter, Governor, ex officio 1872 1876 

Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor, ex officio 1876 1877 

Joshua G. Newbold, Governor, ex officio 1877 1878 

John H. Gear 1878 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 198 



VICE PRESIDENTS. 



FROM TO 



Silas Foster 1847 1851 

Robert Lucas 1851 1853 

Edward Connelly 1854 1855 

Moses J. Morsman 1855 1858 

SECRETARIES. 

Hugh D. Downey 1847 1851 

Anson Hart 1851 1857 

Elijah Sells 1857 1858 

Anson Hart 1858 1864 

William J. Haddock 1864 

TREASURERS. 

Morgan Reno, State Treasurer, ex officio 1847 1850 

Israel Kister, State Treasurer, ex officio 1850 1852 

Martin L. Morris, State Treasurer, ex officio 1852 1855 

Henry W. Lathrop 1855 1862 

William Crum 1862 1868 

Ezekiel Clark 1868 1876 

John N. Coldren 1876 

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY. 

Amos Dean, LL. D 1855 1858 

Silas Totten, D. D., LL. D 1860 1862 

Oliver M. Spencer, D. D.* 1862 1867 

James Black, D. D 1868 1870 

George Thacher, D. D 1871 1877 

C. W. Slagle 1877 

The present educational corps of the University consists of the President, 
nine Professors in the Collegiate Department, one Professor and six Instructors 
in Military Science ; Chancellor, three Professors and four Lecturers in the 
LaAV Department ; eight Professor Demonstrators of Anatomy ; Prosector of 
Surgery and two Lecturers in the Medical Department, and two Professors in 
the Homoeopathic Medical Department. 



STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved January 28, 1857, a State His- 
torical Society was provided for in connection with the University. At the 
commencement, an appropriation of $250 was made, to be expended in collecting, 
embodying, and preserving in an authentic form a library of books, pamphlets, 
charts, maps, manuscripts, papers, paintings, statuary, and other materials illus- 
trative of the history of Iowa; and with the further object to rescue from 
oblivion the memory of the early pioneers; to obtain and preserve various 
accounts of their exploits, perils and hardy adventures ; to secure facts and 
statements relative to the history and genius, and progress and decay of the 
Indian tribes of Iowa; to exhibit faithfully the antiquities and past and present 
resources of the State ; to aid in the publication of such collections of the Society 
as shall from time to time be deemed of value and interest ; to aid in binding 
its books, pamphlets, manuscripts and papers, and in defraying other necessary 
incidental expenses of the Society. 

There was appropriated by law to this institution, till the General Assembly 
shall otherwise direct, the sum of $500 per annum. The Society is under the 
management of a Board of Curators, consisting of eighteen persons, nine of 
whom are appointed by the Governor, and nine elected by the members of the 
Society. The Curators receive no compensation for their services. The annual 



194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

meeting is provided for by law, to be held at Iowa City on Monday preceding 
the last Wednesday in June of each year. 

The State Historical Society has published a series of very valuable collec- 
tions, including history, biography, sketches, reminiscences, etc., with quite a 
large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers, under 
the title of " Annals of Iowa." 



THE PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Fort Madison, Lee County. 

The first act of the Territorial Legislature, relating to a Penitentiary in 
Iowa, was approved January 25, 1839, the fifth section of which authorized the 
Governor to draw the sum of $20,000 appropriated by an act of Congress ap- 
proved July 7, 1838, for public buildings in the Territory of Iowa. It provided 
for a Board of Directors of three persons elected by the Legislature, who should 
direct the building of the Penitentiary, which should be located within one mile 
of the public square, in the town of Fort Madison, Lee County, provided Fort 
Madison should deed to the directors a tract of land suitable for a site, and assign 
them, by conti'act, a spring or stream of water for the use of the Penitentiary. 
To the Directors was also given the power of appointing the Warden ; the latter 
to appoint his own assistants. 

The first Directors appointed were John S. David and John Claypole. They 
made their first report to the Legislative Council November 9, 1839. The citi- 
zens of the town of Fort Madison had executed a deed conveying ten acres of 
land for the building site. Amos Ladd was appointed Superintendent of the 
building June 5, 1839. The building was designed of sufficient capacity to con- 
tain one hundred and thirty-eight convicts, and estimated to cost $55,933.90. 
It was begun on the 9th of July, 1839 ; the main building and Warden's house 
were completed in the Fall of 1841. Other additions were made from time to 
time till the building and arrangements were all complete according to the plan 
of the Directors. It has answered the purpose of the State as a Penitentiary 
for more than thirty years, and during that period many items of practical ex- 
perience in prison management have been gained. 

It has long been a problem how to conduct prisons, and deal with what are 
called the criminal classes generally, so as to secure their best good and best 
subserve the interests of the State. Both objects must be taken into considera- 
tion in any humaritarian view of the subject. This problem is not yet solved, 
but Iowa has adopted the progressive and enlightened policy of humane treat- 
ment of prisoners and the utilization of their labor for their own support. The 
labor of the convicts in the Iowa Penitentiary, as in most others in the United 
States, is let out to contractors, who pay the State a certain stipulated amount 
therefor, the State furnishing the shops, tools and machinery, as well as the 
supervision necessary to preserve order and discipline in the prison. 

While this is an improvement upon the old solitary confinement system, it 
still falls short of an enlightened reformatory system that in the future will 
treat the criminal for mental disease and endeavor to restore him to usefulness 
in the community. The objections urged against the contract system of dis- 
posing of the labor of prisoners, that it brings the labor of honest citizens into 
competition with convict labor at reduced prices, and is disadvantageous to the 
State, are not without force, and the system will have no place in the prisons of 
the future. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 195 

It is right that the convict should labor. He should not be allowed to live 
in idleness at public expense. Honest men labor ; why should not they? Hon- 
est men are entitled to the fruits of their toil ; why should not the convict as 
well ? The convict is sent to the Penitentiary to secure public safety. The 
State deprives him of his liberty to accomplish this purpose and to punish him 
for violations of law, but, having done this, the State wrongs both itself and the 
criminal by confiscating his earnings ; because it deprives his family of what 
justly belongs to them, and an enlightened civilization will ere long demand 
that the prisoner in the penitentiary, after paying a fair price for his board, is 
as justly entitled to his net earnings as the good citizen outside its walls, and 
his family, if he has one, should be entitled to draw his earnings or stated portion 
of them at stated periods. If he has no family, then if his net earnings should 
be set aside to his credit and paid over to him at the expiration of his term of 
imprisonment, he would not be turned out upon the cold charities of a somewhat 
Pharisaical world, penniless, with the brand of the convict upon his brow, with 
no resource save to sink still deeper in crime. Let Iowa, " The Beautiful Land," 
be first to recognize the rights of its convicts to the fruits of their labor ; keep 
their children from the alms-house, and place a powerful incentive before them 
to become good citizens when they return to the busy world again. 



ADDITIONAL PENITENTIARY. 

Located at Anamosa, Jones County. 

By an act of the Fourteenth General Assembly, approved April 23, 1872, 
William Ure, Foster L. Downing and Martin Heisey were constituted Commis- 
sioners to locate and provide for the erection and control of an additional 
Penitentiary for the State of Iowa. These Commissioners met on the 4th of 
the following June, at Anamosa, Jones County, and selected a site donated by 
the citizens, within the limits of the city. L. W. Foster & Co., architects, of 
Des Moines, furnished the plan, drawings and specifications, and work was 
commenced on the building on the 28th day of September, 1872. May 13, 
1873, twenty convicts were transferred to Anamosa from the Fort Madison 
Penitentiary. The entire enclosure includes fifteen acres, with a frontage of 
663 feet. 

IOWA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 

Mount Pleasant, Henry County. 

By an act of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 24, 1855, 
$4,425 were appropriated for the purchase of a site, and $50,000 for building 
an Insane Hospital, and the Governor (Grimes), Edward Johnston, of Lee 
County, and Charles S. Blake, of Henry County, were appointed to locate the 
institution and superintend the erection of the building. These Commission- 
ers located the institution at Mt. Pleasant, Henry County. A plan for a 
building designed to accommodate 300 patients, drawn by Dr. Bell, of Massa- 
chusetts, Avas accepted, and in October work was commenced under the superin- 
tendence of Mr. Henry Winslow. Up to February 25, 1858, and including an 
appropriation made on that date, the Legislature had appropriated $258,555.67 
to this institution, but the building was not finished ready for occupancy by 
patients until March 1, 1861. The Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Presi- 
dent, Farmersburg; Samuel McFarland, Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; D. L. 



196 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

McGugin, Keokuk; G. W. Kincaid, Muscatine; J. D. Elbert, Keosauqua ; 
John B. Lash and Harpin Riggs, Mt. Pleasant. Richard J. Patterson, M. D., 
of Ohio, was elected Superintendent; Dwight C. Dewey, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Henry Winslow, Steward; Mrs. Catharine Winslow, Matron. 
The Hospital was formally opened March 6, 1861, and one hundred patients 
were admitted within three months. About 1865, Dr. Mark Ranney became 
Superintendent. April 18, 1876, a portion of the hospital building was 
destroyed by fire. From the opening of the Hospital to the close of October, 
1877, 3,584 patients had been admitted. Of these, 1,141 wei'e discharged 
recovered, 505 discharged improved, 589 discharged unimproved, and 1 died ; 
total discharged, 2,976, leaving 608 inmates. During this period, there were 
1,384 females admitted, whose occupation was registered "domestic duties ;" 
122, no occupation; 25, female teachers; 11, seamstresses; and 25, servants. 
Among the males were 916 farmers, 394 laborers, 205 without occupation, 39 
cabinet makers, 23 brewers, 31 clerks, 26 merchants, 12 preachers, 18 shoe- 
makers, 13 students, 14 tailors, 13 teachers, 14 agents, 17 masons, 7 lawyers^ 
7 physicians, 4 saloon keepers, 3 salesmen, 2 artists, and 1 editor. The pro- 
ducts of the farm and garden, in 1876, amounted to $13,721.26. 

Trustees, 1S77 :—T. Whiting, President, Mt. Pleasant; Mrs. E. M. Elliott, 
Secretary, Mt. Pleasant; William C. Evans, West Liberty; L. E. Fellows, 
Lansing ; and Samuel Klein, Keokuk ; Treasurer, M. Edwards, Mt. Pleasant. 

Resideyit Officers: — Mark Ranney, M. D., Medical Superintendent; H. M. 
Bassett, M. D.. First Assistant Physician; M. Riordan, M. D., Second Assistant 
Physician; Jennie McCowen, M. D., Third Assistant Physician ; J. W. Hender- 
son, Steward ; Mrs. Martha W. Ranney, Matron ; Rev. Milton Sutton, 
Chaplain. 

HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
Independence, Buchanan County. 

In the Winter of 1867-8, a bill providing for an additional Hospital for the 
Insane was passed by the Legislature, and an appropriation of $125,000 was 
made for that purpose. Maturin L. Fisher, of Clayton County ; E. G. Morgan, 
of Webster County, and Albert Clark, of Buchanan County, were appointed 
Commissioners to locate and supervise the erection of the Building. Mr. Clark 
died about a year after his appointment, and Hon. G. W . Bemis, of Indepen- 
dence, was appointed to fill the vacancy. 

The Commissioners met and commenced their labors on the 8th day of 
June, 1868, at Independence. The act under Avhich they were appointed 
required them to select the most eligible and desirable location, of not less than 
320 acres, within two miles of the city of Independence, that might be offered 
by the citizens free of charge to the State. Several such tracts were offered, 
but the Commissioners finally selected the south half of southwest quarter oi 
Section 5 ; the north half of northeast quarter of Section 7 ; the north half of 
northwest quarter of Section 8, and the north half of northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 8, all in Township 88 north. Range 9 Avest of the Fifth Principal Meridian. 
This location is on the west side of the W^apsipinicon River, and about a mile 
from its banks, and about the same distance from Independence. 

Col. S. V. Shipman, of Madison, Wis., was employed to prepare plans, 
specifications and drawings of the building, which, when completed, Avere sub- 
mitted to Dr. M. Ranney, Superintendent of the Hospital at Mount Pleasant, 
who suggested several improvements. The contract for erecting the building 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 197 

was awarded to Mr. David Armstrong, of Dubuque, for $88,114. The con- 
tract was signed November 7, 1868, and Mr. Armstrong at once commenced 
work. Mr, George Josselyn was appointed to superintend the work. The 
main buiklings were constructed of dressed limestone, from the quarries at 
Anaraosa and Farley. The basements are of the local granite worked from the 
immense boulders found in large quantities in this portion of the State. 

In 1872, the building was so far completed that the Commissioners called 
the first meeting of the Trustees, on the 10th day of July of that year. These 
Trustees were Maturin L. Fisher, Mrs. P. A. Appleraan, T. W. Fawcett, C. 
C. Parker, E. G. Morgan, George W. Bemis and John M. Boggs. This board 
was organized, on the day above mentioned, by the election of Hon. M. L. 
Fisher, President ; Rev. J. G. Boggs, Secretary, and George W. Bemis, Treas- 
urer, and, after adopting preliminary measures for organizing the local govern- 
ment of the hospital, adjourned to the first Wednesday of the following Septem- 
ber. A few days before this meeting, Mr. Boggs died of malignant fever, 
and Dr. John G. House was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. House was 
elected Secretary. At this meeting, Albert Reynolds, M. D., was elected 
Superintendent; George Josselyn, Steward, and Mrs. Anna B. Josselyn, 
Matron. September 4, 1873, Dr. Willis Butterfield was elected Assistant 
Physician. The building was ready for occupancy April 21, 1873. 

In the Spring of 1876, a contract was made with Messrs. Mackay & Lundy, 
of Independence, for furnishing materials for building the outside walls of the 
two first sections of the south wing, next to the center building, for $6,250. 
The carpenter work on the fourth and fifth stories of the center building was 
completed during the same year, and the wards were furnished and occupied by 
patients in the Fall. 

In 1877, the south wing was built, but it will not be completed ready for 
occupancy until next Spring or Summer (1878). 

October 1, 1877, the Superintendent reported 322 patients in this hospital, 
and it is now overcrowded. 

The Board of Trustees at present (1878) are as follows : Maturin L. 
Fisher, President, Farmersburg ; John G. House, M. D., Secretary, Indepen- 
dence; Wm. G. Donnan, Treasurer, Independence; Erastus G. Morgan, Fort 
Dodge ; Mrs. Prudence A. Appleman, Clermont ; and Stephen E. Robinson, 
M. D., West Union. 

RESIDENT OFFICERS. 

Albert Reynolds, M. D., Superintendent ; G. H. Hill, M. D., Assistant 
Physician; Noyes Appleman, Steward; Mrs. Lucy M. Gray, Matron. 

IOWA COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND. 

Vinton, Benton Counts/. 

In August, 1852, Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, established an Insti- 
tution for the Instruction of the Blind of Iowa, at Keokuk. 

By act of the General Assembly, entitled " An act to establish an Asylum 
for the Blind," approved January 18, 1853, the institution was adopted by the 
State, removed to Iowa City, February 3d, and opened for the reception of pupils 
April 4, 1853, free to all the blind in the State. 

The first Board of Trustees were James D. Eads, President ; George W. 
McClary, Secretary ; James H. Gower, Treasurer ; Martin L. Morris, Stephen 
Hempstead, Morgan Reno and John McCaddon. The Board appointed Prof. 



198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Samuel Bacon, Principal ; T. J. McGittigen, Teacher of Music, and Mrs. Sarah 
K. Bacon, Matron. Twenty-three pupils were admitted during the first term. 

In his first report, made in 1854, Prof. Bacon suggested that the name 
should be changed from "Asylum for the Blind," to that of "Institution for 
the Instruction of the Blind." This was done in 1855, when the General As- 
sembly made an annual appropriation for the College of $55 per quarter for 
each pupil. This Avas subsequently changed to $3,000 per annum, and a charge 
of $25 as an admission fee for each pupil, which sum, with the amounts realized 
from the sale of articles manufactured by the blind pupils, proved sufficient for 
the expenses of the institution during Mr. Bacon's administration. Although 
Mr. Bacon was blind, he was a fine scholar and an economical manager, and 
had founded the Blind Asylum at Jacksonville, Illinois. As a mathematician 
he had few superiors. 

On the 8th of May, 1858, the Trustees met at Vinton, and made arrange- 
ments for securing the donation of $5,000 made by the citizens of that town. 

In June of that yeai*, a quarter section of land was donated for the College, 
by John W. 0. Webb and others, and the Trustees adopted a plan for the 
erection of a suitable building. In 1860, the plan was modified, and the con- 
tract for enclosing let to Messrs. Finkbine & Lovelace, for $10,420. 

In August, 1862, the building Avas so far completed that the goods and fur- 
uiture of the institution were removed from Iowa City to Vinton, and early in 
October, the school was opened there with twenty-four pupils. At this time. 
Rev. Orlando Clark was Principal. 

In August, 1864, a new Board of Trustees were appointed by the Legisla- 
ture, consisting of James McQuin, President; Reed Wilkinson, Secretary; Jas. 
Chapin, Treasurer; Robert Gilchrist, Elijah Sells and Joseph Dysart, organized 
and made important changes. Rev. Reed Wilkinson succeeded Mr. Clark as 
Principal. Mrs. L. S. B. Wilkinson and Miss Amelia Butler were appointed 
Assistant Teachers ; Mrs. N. A. Morton, Matron. 

Mr. Wilkinson resigned in June, 1867, and Gen. James L. Geddes was 
appointed in his place. In September, 1869, Mr. Geddes retired, and was 
succeeded by Prof. S. A.Knapp. Mrs. S. C. Lawton was appointed Matron, 
and was succeeded by Mrs. M. A. Knapp. Prof. Knapp resigned July 1, 

1875, and Prof. Orlando Clark was elected Principal, who died April 2, 

1876, and was succeeded by John B. Parmalee, who retired in July, 1877, 
when the present incumbent. Rev. Robert Carothers, was elected. 

Trustees, 1877-8. — Jeremiah L. Gay, President ; S. H. Watson, Treasurer; 
H. C. Piatt, Jacob Springer, C. L. Flint and P. F. Sturgis. 

Faculty. — Principal, Rev. Robert Carothers, A. M. ; Matron, Mrs. Emeline 
E. Carothers; Teachers, Thomas F. McCune, A. B., Miss Grace A. Hill, 
Mrs. C. A. Spencer, Miss Mary Baker, Miss C. R. Miller, Miss Lorana Mat- 
tice, Miss A. M. McCutcheon ; Musical Director, S. 0. Spencer. 

The Legislative Committee who visited this institution in 1878 expressed 
their astonishment at the vast expenditure of money in proportion to the needs 
of the State. The structure is well built, and the money properly expended ; 
yet it was enormously beyond the necessities of the State, and shows an utter 
disregard of the fitness of things. The Committee could not understand why 
$282,000 should have been expended for a massive building covering about two 
and a half acres for the accommodation of 130 people, costing over eight thou- 
sand dollars a year to heat it, and costing the State about five hundred dollars 
a year for each pupil. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 199 

INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 

Council Bluffs, Pottawattomie County. 

The Iowa Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was established at Iowa City 
by an act of the General Assembly, approved January 24, 1855. The number 
of deaf mutes then in the State was 3U1 ; the number attending the Institution, 
50. The first Board of Trustees were : Hon. Samuel J. Kirk wood, Hon. E. 
Sells, W. Penn Clarke, J. P. Wood, H. D. Downey, William Crura, W. E. 
Ijams, Principal. On the resignation of Mr. Ijams, in 1862, the Board 
appointed in his stead Mr. Benjamin Talbot, for nine years a teacher in the 
Ohio Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. Mr, Talbot was ardently devoted to 
the interests of the institution and a faithful worker for the unfortunate class 
under his charge. 

A strong effort was made, in 1866, to remove this important institution to 
Des Moines, but it was located permanently at Council Bluffs, and a building 
rented for its use. In 1868, Commissioners were appointed to locate a site for, 
and to superintend the erection of, a new building, for which the Legislature 
appropriated $125,000 to commence the work of construction. The Commis- 
sioners selected ninety acres of land about two miles south of the city of Coun- 
cil Bluffs. The main building and one wing were completed October 1, 1870, 
and immediately occupied by the Institution. February 25, 1877, the main 
building and east wing were destroyed by fire; and August 6 following, the 
roof of the new west wing was blown off and the walls partially demolished by 
a tornado. At the time of the fire, about one hundred and fifty pupils were in 
attendance. After the fire, half the classes were dismissed and the number of 
scholars reduced to about seventy, and in a week or two the school was in run- 
ning order. 

The Legislative Committee which visited this Institution in the "Winter of 
1857-8 was not Avell pleased with the condition of affairs, and reported that the 
building (west wing) was a disgrace to the State and a monument of unskillful 
workmanship, and intimated rather strongly that some reforms in management 
were very essential. 

Trustees, 1877-8. — Thomas Officer, President ; N. P. Dodge, Treasurer ; 
Paul Lange, William Orr, J. W. Cattell. 

Superintendent, Benjamin Talbot, M. A. Teachers, Edwin Southwick, 
Conrad S. Zorbaugh, John A. Gillespie, John A. Kennedy, Ellen J. Israel, 
Ella J. Brown, Mrs. H. R. Gillespie ; Physician, H. W. Hart, M. D. ; Steward, 
N. A. Taylor; Matron, Mary B. Swan. 

SOLDIERS' ORPHANS' HOMES. 

Davenport, Cedar Falls, Glemvood. 

The movement which culminated in the establishment of this beneficent in- 
stitution was originated by Mi's. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the civil war of 
1861-65. This noble and patriotic lady called a convention at Muscatine, on 
the 7th of October 1863, for the purpose of devising measures for the support 
and education of the orphan children of the brave sons of Iowa, Avho had fallen 
in defense of national honor and integrity. So great was the public interest in 
the movement that there was a large representation from all parts of the State 
on the day named, and an association was organized called the Iowa State Or- 
phan Asylum. 



200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

The first officers were : President, William M. Stone ; Vice Presidents, Mrs. 
G. G. Wright, Mrs. R. L. Cadle, Mrs. J. T. Hancock, John R. Needham, J. W. 
Cattell, Mr5. Mary M. Bagg ; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Kibben ; Cor- 
responding Secretary, Miss M. E. Shelton ; Treasurer, N. H. Brainerd; Board 
of Trustees, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Mrs. C. B. Darwin, Mrs. D. T. Newcomb, 
Mrs. L. B. Stephens, 0. Fayville, E. H. Williams, T. S. Parvin, Mrs. Shields, 
Caleb Baldwin, C. C. Cole, Isaac Pendleton, H. C. Henderson. 

The first meeting of the Trustees was held February 14, 1864, in the Repre- 
sentative Hall, at Des Moines. Committees from both branches of the General 
Assembly were present and were invited to participate in their deliberations. 
Gov. Kirkwood suggested that a home for disabled soldiers should be connected 
with the Asylum. Arrangements were made for I'aising funds. 

At the next meeting, in Davenport, in March, 1864, the Trustees decided to 
commence operations at once, and a committee, of which Mr. Howell, of Keo- 
kuk, was Chairman, was appointed to lease a suitable building, solicit donations, 
and procure suitable furniture. This committee secure<l a large brick building 
in Lawrence, Van Buren County, and engaged Mr. Fuller, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
Steward. 

At the annual meeting, in Des Moines, in June, 1864, Mrs. C. B. Baldwin, 
Mrs. G. G. Wright, Mrs. Dr. Horton, Miss Mary E. Shelton and Mr. George 
Sherman Avere appointed a committee to furnish the building and take all neces- 
sary steps for opening the "Home," and notice was given that at the next 
meeting of the Association, a motion Avould be made to change the name of the 
Institution to Iowa Orphans' Home. 

The work of preparation was conducted so vigorously that on the 13th day 
of July following, the Executive Committee announced that they were ready to 
receive the children. In three weeks twenty-one were admitted, and the num- 
ber constantly increased, so that, in a little more than six months from the time 
of opening, there were seventy children admitted, and twenty more applica- 
tions, which the Committee had not acted upon — all orphans of soldiers. 

Miss M. Elliott, of Washington, was appointed Matron. She resigned, 
in February, 1865, and was succeeded by Mrs. E. G. Piatt, of Fremont 
County. 

The " Home " was sustained by the voluntary contributions of the people, 
until 1866, when it was assumed by the State. In that year, the General 
Assem bly provided for the location of several such "Homes" in the different 
counties, and which were established at Davenport, Scott County; Cedar Falls, 
Black Hawk County, and at Glenwood, Mills County. 

The Board of Trustees elected by the General Assembly had the oversight 
and management of the Soldiers' Orphans' Homes of the State, and consisted 
of one person from each county in which such Home was located, and one for 
the State at large, who held their office two years, or until their successors were 
elected and qualified. An appropriation of |10 per month for each orphan 
actually supported was made by the General Assembly. 

The Home in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, and an old hotel building 
was fitted up for it. Rufus C, Mary L. and Emma L. Bauer were the first 
children received, in October, and by January, 1866, there were ninety-six in- 
mates. 

October 12, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building, about 
two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosperous for several years, but 
in 1876, the General Assembly established a State Normal School at Cedar 
Falls and appropriated the buildings and grounds for that purpose. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 201 

By "An act to provide for the organization and support of an asylum at 
Glenwood, in Mills County, for feeble minded children," approved March 17, 
1876, the buildings and grounds used by the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that 
place were appropriated for this purpose. By another act, approved March 15, 
1876, the soldiers' orphans, then at the Homes at Glenwood and Cedar Falls, 
were to be removed to the Home at Davenport within ninety days thereafter, 
and the Board of Trustees of the Home were authorized to receive other indigent 
children into that institution, and provide for their education in industrial 
pursuits. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. 

Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County. 

Chapter 129 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, in 1876, estab- 
lished a State Normal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, and required 
the Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home to turn over the property in their 
charge to the Directors of the new institution. 

The Board of Directors met at Cedar Falls June 7, 1876, and duly organ- 
ized by the election of H. C. Hemenway, President ; J. J. Toleston, Secretary, 
and E. Townsend, Treasurer. The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' 
Home met at the same time for the purpose of turning over to the Directors the 
property of that institution, which was satisfactorily done and properly receipted 
for as required by law. At this meeting, Prof. J. C. Gilchrist was elected 
Principal of the School. 

On the 12th of July, 1876^ the Board again met, when executive and 
teachers' committees were appointed and their duties assigned. A Steward 
and a Matron were elected, and their respective duties defined. 

The buildings and grounds were repaired and fitted up as well as the appro- 
priation would admit, and the first term of the school opened September 6, 1876, 
commencing with twenty-seven and closing with eighty-seven students. The 
second term closed with eighty-six, and one hundred and six attended during 
the third term. 

The following are the Board of Directors, Board of Officers and Faculty : 

Board of Directors. — H. C. Hemenway, Cedar Falls, President, term 
expires 1882 ; L. D. Lewelling, Salem, Henry County, 1878 ; W. A. Stow, 
Hamburg, Fremont County, 1878 ; S. G. Smith, Newton, Jasper County, 
1880 ; E. H. Thayer, Clinton, Clinton County, 1880; G. S. Robinson, Storm 
Lake, Buena Vista County, 1882. 

Board of Officers. — J. J. Toleston, Secretary; E. Townsend, Treasurer; 
William Pattes, Steward; Mrs. P. A. Schermerhorn, Matron — all of Cedar 
Falls. 

Faculty. — J. C. Gilchrist, A. M., Principal, Professor of Mental and 
Moral Philosophy and Didactics ; M. W. Bartlett, A. M., Professor of Lan- 
guages and Natural Science ; D. S. Wright, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; 
Miss Frances L. Webster, Teacher of Geography and History ; E. W. Burnham, 
Professor of Music. 

ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN. 

Glenwood, Mills County. 

Chapter 152 of the laws of the Sixteenth General Assembly, approved 
March 17, 1876, provided for the establishment of an asylum for feeble minded 
children at Glenwood, Mills County, and the buildings and grounds of the 



202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Soldiers' Oi^hans' Home at that place were to be used for that purpose. The 
asylum was placed under the management of three Trustees, one at least of 
whom should be a resident of Mills County. Children between the ages of 7 
and 18 years are admitted. Ten dollars per month for each child actually sup- 
ported by the State was appropriated by the act, and |2,000 for salaries of 
officers and teachers for two years. 

Hon. J. W. Cattell, of Polk County ; A. J. Russell, of Mills County, and 
W. S. Robertson, were appointed Trustees, who held their first meeting at 
Glenwood, April 26, 1876. Mr. Robertson was elected President; Mr. Russell, 
Treasurer, and Mr. Cattell, Secretary. The Trustees found the house and farm 
which had been turned over to them in a shamefully dilapidated condition. The 
fences were broken down and the lumber destroyed or carried away; the win- 
dows broken, doors off their hinges, floors broken and filthy in the extreme, 
cellars reeking with ofiensive odors from decayed vegetables, and every conceiv- 
able variety of filth and garbage ; drains obstructed, cisterns broken, pump 
demoralized, wind-mill broken, roof leaky, and the whole property in the worst 
possible condition. It was the first work of the Trustees to make the house 
tenable. This was done under the direction of Mr. Russell. At the request 
of the Trustees, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylum, 
visited Glenwood, and made many valuable suggestions, and gave them much 
assistance. 

0. W. Archibald, M. D., of Glenwood, was appointed Superintendent, 
and soon after was appointed Secretary of the Board, vice Cattell, resigned. 
Mrs. S. A. Archibald was appointed Matron, and Miss Maud M. Archibald, 
Teacher. 

The Institution was opened September 1, 1876 ; the first pupil admitted 
September 4, and the school was organized September 10, with only five pupils, 
which number had, in November, 1877, increased to eighty-seven. December 
1, 1876, Miss Jennie Van Dorin, of Fairfield, was employed as a teacher and 
in the Spring, of 1877, Miss Sabina J. Archibald was also employed. 

THE REFORM SCHOOL. 

Eldora, Jlardin County. 

By "An act to establish and organize a State Reform School for Juvenile 
Offenders," approved March 31, 1868, the General Assembly established a 
State Reform School at Salem, Lee (Henry) County ; provided for a Board of 
Trustees, to consist of one person from each Congressional District. For the 
purpose of immediately opening the school, the Trustees were directed to accept 
the proposition of the Trustees of White's Iowa Manual Labor Institute, at 
Salem, and lease, for not more than ten years, the lands, buildings, etc., of the 
Institute, and at once proceed to prepare for and open a reform school as a 
temporary establishment. 

The contract for fitting up the buildings was let to Clark & Haddock, Sep- 
tember 21, 1868, and on the 7th of October foljowing, the first inmate was 
received from Jasper County. The law provided for the admission of children 
of both sexes under 18 years of age. In 1876, this was amended, so that they 
are now received at ages over 7 and under 16 years. 

April 19, 1872, the Trustees were directed to make a permanent location 
for the school, and $45,000 was appropriated for the erection of the necessary 
buildings. The Trustees were further directed, as soon as practicable, to 
organize a school for girls in the buildings where the boys were then kept. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 20S 

The Trustees located the school at Eldora, Hardin County, and in the Code 
of 1873, it is permanently located there by law. 

The institution is managed by five Trustees, who are paid mileage,^but no 
compensation for their services. 

The object is the reformation of the children of both sexes, under the age 
of 16 years and over 7 years of age, and the law requires that the Trustees 
shall require the boys and girls under their charge to be instructed in piety and 
morality, and in such branches of useful knowledge as are adapted to their age 
and capacity, and in some regular course of labor, either mechanical, manufac- 
turing or agricultural, as is best suited to their age, strength, disposition and 
capacity, and as may seem best adapted to secure the reformation and future 
benefit of the boys and girls. 

A boy or girl committed to the State Reform School is there kept, disci- 
plined, instructed, employed and governed, under the direction of the Trustees, 
until he or she arrives at the age of majority, or is bound out, reformed or 
legally discharged. The binding out or discharge of a boy or girl as reformed, 
or having arrived at the age of majority, is a complete release from all penalties 
incurred by conviction of the offense for which he or she was committed. 

This is one step in the right direction. In the future, however, still further 
advances will be made, and the right of every individual to the fruits of their 
labor, even while restrained for the public good, will be recognized. 

FISH HATCHING ESTABLISHMENT. 

Near Anamosa, Jones County. 

The Fifteenth General Assembly, in 1874, passed " An act to provide for 
the appointment of a Board of Fish Commissioners for the construction of 
Fishways for the protection and propagation of Fish," also "An act to provide 
for furnishing the rivers and lakes with fish and fish spawn." This act appro- 
priated f 3,000 for the purpose. In accordance with the provisions of the first 
act above mentioned, on the 9th of April, 1874, S. B. Evans of Ottumwa, 
Wapello County ; B. F. Shaw of Jones County, and Charles A. Haines, of 
Black Hawk County, were appointed to be Fish Commissioners by the Governor. 
These Commissioners met at Des Moines, May 10, 1874, and organized by the 
election of Mr. Evans, President ; Mr. Shaw, Secretary and Superintendent, 
and Mr. Haines, Treasurer. 

The State was partitioned into three districts or divisions to enable the 
Commissioners to better superintend the construction of fishways as required by 
law. That part of the State lying south of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific 
Railroad was placed under the especial supervision of Mr. Evans ; that part be- 
tween that railroad and the Iowa Division of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. 
Shaw, and all north of the Illinois Central Railroad, Mr. Haines. At this 
meeting, the Superintendent was authorized to build a State Hatching House ; 
to procure the spawn of valuable fish adapted to the waters of Iowa ; hatch and 
prepare the young fish for distribution, and assist in putting them into the waters 
of the State. 

In compliance with these instructions, Mr. Shaw at once commenced work, 
and in the Summer of 1874, erected a " State Hatching House" near Anamosa, 
20x40 feet, two stories; the second story being designed for a tenement ; the 
first story being the "hatching room." The hatching troughs are supplied 
with water from a magnificent spring four feet deep and about ten feet in diam- 
eter, affording an abundant and unfailing supply of pure running water. During 



204 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the first year, from May 10, 1874, to May 10, 1875, the Commissioners distributed 
within the State 100,000 Shad, 300,000 California Salmon, 10,000 Bass, 
80,000 Penobscot (Maine) Salmon, 5,000 land-locked Salmon, 20,000 of 
other species. 

By act approved March 10, 1876, the law was amended so that there should 
be but one instead of three Fish Commissioners, and B. F. Shaw was appointed, 
and the Commissioner was authorized to purchase twenty acres of land, on 
which the State Hatching House was located near Anamosa. 

In the Fall of 1876, Commissioner Shaw gathered from the sloughs of the 
Mississippi, where they would have been destroyed, over a million and a half of 
small fish, which were distributed in the various rivers of the State and turned 
into the Mississippi. 

In 1875-6, 533,000 California Salmon, and in 1877, 303,500 Lake Trout 
were distributed in various rivers and lakes in the State. The experiment of 
stocking the small streams with brook trout is being tried, and 81,000 of the 
speckled beauties were distributed in 1877. In 1876, 100,000 young eels were 
distributed. These came from New York and they are increasing rapidly. 

At the close of 1877, there were at least a dozen private fish farms in suc- 
cessful operation in various parts of the State. Commissioner Shaw is en- 
thusiastically devoted to the duties of his office and has performed an important 
service for the people of the State by his intelligent and successful operations. 

The Sixteenth General Assembly passed an act in 1878, prohibiting the 
catching of any kind of fish except Brook Trout from March until June of each 
year. Some varieties are fit for food only during this period. 



THE PUBLIC LANDS. 

The grants of public lands made in the State of Iowa, for various purposes, 
are as follows : 

1. The 500,000 Acre Grant. 

2. The 16th Section Grant. 

3. The Mortgage School Lands. 

4. The University Grant. 
6. The Saline Grant. 

6. The Des Moines River Grant. 

7. The Des Moines River School Lands. 

8. The Swamp Land Grant. 

9. The Railroad Grant. 

10. The Agricultural College Grant. 

I. THE FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRE GRANT. 

When the State was admitted into the Union, she became entitled to 
500,000 acres of land by virtue of an act of Congress, approved September 4, 
1841, which granted to each State therein specified 500,000 acres of public land 
for internal improvements ; to each State admitted subsequently to the passage 
of the act, an amount of land which, with the amount that might have been 
granted to her as a Territory, would amount to 500,000 acres. All these lands 
were required to be selected within the limits of the State to which they were 
granted. 

The Constitution of Iowa declares that the proceeds of this grant, together 
with all lands then granted or to be granted by Congress for the benefit of 
schools, shall constitute a perpetual fund for the support of schools throughout 
the State. By an act approved January 15, 1849, the Legislature established 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 205 

a board of School Fund Comuiissioners, and to that board was confided the 
selection, care and sale of these lands for the benefit of the School Fund. Until 
1855, these Commissioners were subordinate to the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, but on the 15th of January of that year, they -were clothed with 
exclusive authority in the management and sale of school lands. The ofiice of 
School Fund Commissioner was abolished March 23, 1858, and that officer in 
each county was required to transfer all papers to and make full settlement with 
the County Judge. By this act, County Judges and Township Trustees were 
made the agents of the State to control and sell the sixteenth sections ; but no 
further provision was made for the sale of the 500,000 acre grant until April 
3d, 1860, when the entire management of the school lands was committed to 
the Boards of Supervisors of the several counties. 

II. THE SIXTEENTH SECTIONS. 

By the provisions of the act of Congress admitting Iowa to the Union, there 
Avas granted to the new State the sixteenth section in every township, or where 
that section had been sold, other lands of like amount for the use of schools. 
The Constitution of the State provides that the proceeds arising from the sale 
of these sections shall constitute a part of the permanent School Fund. The 
control and sale of these lands were vested in the School Fund Commissioners 
of the several counties until March 23, 1858, when they were transferred to the 
County Judges and Township Trustees, and were finally placed under the 
supervision of the County Boards of Supervisors in January, 1861. 

III. THE MORTGAGE SCHOOL LANDS. 

These do not belong to any of the grants of land proper. They are lands 
that have been mortgaged to the school fund, and became school lands when bid 
off" by tlie State by virtue of a law passed in 1862. Under the provisions of the 
law regulating the management and investment of the permanent school fund, 
persons desiring loans from that fund are required to secure the payment thereof 
with interest at ten per cent, per annum, by promissory notes endorsed by two 
good sureties and by mortgage on unincumbered real estate, which must be 
situated in the county where the loan is made, and which must be valued by 
three appraisers. Making these loans and taking the required securities was 
made the duty of the County Auditor, who was required to report to the Board 
of Supervisors at each meeting thereof, all notes, mortgages and abstracts of 
title connected with the school fund, for examination. 

When default was made of payment of money so secured by mortgage, and 
no arrangement made for extension of time as the law provides, the Board of 
Supervisors were authorized to bring suit and prosecute it with diligence to 
secure said fund; and in action in fiivor of the county for the use of the school 
fund, an injunction may issue without bonds, and in any such action, when 
service is made by publication, default and judgment may be entered and 
enforced without bonds. In case of sale of land on execution founded on any 
such mortgage, the attorney of the board, or other person duly authorized, shall, 
on behalf of the State or county for the use of said fund, bid such sum as the 
interests of said fund may require, and if struck off" to the State the land sluill 
be held and disposed of as the other lands belonging to the fnnd. These lands 
are known as the Mortgage School Lands, and reports of them, including 
description and amount, are required to be made to the State Land Office. 



206 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



IV. UNIVERSITY LANDS. 



By act of Congress, July 20, 1840, a quantity of land not exceeding two 
f-ntire townships was reserved in the Territory of Iowa for the use and support 
)f a university within said Territory when it should become a State. This land 
was to be located in tracts of not less than an entire section, and could be used 
for no other purpose than that designated in the grant. In an act supplemental 
to that for the admission of Iowa, March 3, 1845, the grant was renewed, and it 
was provided that the lands should be used "solely for the purpose of such 
university, in such manner as the Legislature may prescribe." 

Under this grant there were set apart and approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, for the use of the State, the following lands : 

ACRES. 

In the Iowa City Land District, Feb. 26, 1849 20,150.49 

In the Fairfield Land District, Oct. 17, 1849 9,685.20 

In the Iowa City Land District, Jan. 28, 1850 2,571.81 

In the Fairfield Land District, Sept. 10, 1850 3,198.20 

In the Dubuque Land District, May 19, 1852 10,552.24 

Total 45,957.94 

These lands were certified to the State November 19, 1859. The University 
lands are placed by law under the control and management of the Board of 
Trustees of the Iowa State University. Prior to 1865, there had been selected 
and located under 282 patents, 22,892 acres in sixteen counties, and 23,036 
acres unpatented, making a total of 45,928 acres. 

V. — SALINE LANDS. 

By act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the State of Iowa was 
granted the use of the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve. 
By a subsequent act, approved May 27, 1852, Congress granted the springs 
to the State in fee simple, together with six sections of land contiguous to each, 
to be disposed of as the Legislature might direct. In 1861, the proceeds of 
these lands then to be sold were constituted a fund for founding and support- 
ing a lunatic asylum, but no sales were made. In 1856, the proceeds of the 
saline lands were appropriated to the Insane Asylum, repealed in 1858. In 
1860, the saline lands and funds were made a part of the permanent fund of 
the State University. These lands were located in Appanoose, Davis, Decatur, 
Lucas, Monroe, Van Buren and Wayne Counties. 

VI. — THE DES MOINES RIVER GRANT. 

By act of Congress, approved August 8, 1846, a grant of land was made 
for the improvement of the navigation of Des Moines River, as follows : 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 
Congress assembled, That there be, and hereby is, granted to said Territory of Iowa, for the 
purpose of aiding said Territory to improve the navigation of the Des Moines River from it3 
mouth to the Raccoon Fork (so called) in said Territory, one equal moiety, in alternate sections, 
of the public lands (remaining unsold and not otherwise disposed of, incumbered or appropri- 
ated), in a strip five miles in width on each side of said river, to be selected within said Terri- 
tory hy an agent or agents to be appointed by the Governor thereof, subject to the approval of 
the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. 

Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That the lands hereby granted shall not be conveyed 
or disposed of by said Territory, nor by any State to be formed out of the same, except as said 
improvement shall progress; that is, the said Territory or State may sell so much of said lands 
as shall produce the sum of thirty thousand dollars, and then the sales shall cease until the Gov- 
ernor of said Territory or State shall certify the fact to the President of the United States that 
one-half of said sum has been expended upon said improvements, when the said Territory or 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 207 

State may sell and convey a quantity of the residue of said lands sufficient to replace the amount 
expended, and thus the sales shall progress as the proceeds thereof shall be expended, and the 
fact of such expenditure shall be certified as aforesaid. 

Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said River Des Moines shall be and forever 
remain a public highway for the use of the Government of the United States, free from any toll 
or other charge whatever, for any property of the United States or persons in their service 
passing through or along the same : Provided alivays, That it shall not be competent for the said 
Territory or future State of Iowa to dispose of said lands, or any of them, at a price lower than, 
for the time being, shall be the minimum price of other public lands. 

Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That whenever the Territory of Iowa shall be admitted 
into the Union as a State, the lands hereby granted for the above purpose shall be and become 
the property of said State for the purpose contemplated in this act, and for no other : Provided 
the Legislature of the State of Iowa shall accept the said grant for the said purpose." Approved 
Aug. 8, 1846. 

By joint resolution of the General Assembly of Iowa, approved January 9, 
1847, the grant was accepted for the purpose specified. By another act, ap- 
proved February 24, 1847, entited "An act creating the Board of Public 
Works, and providing for the improvement of the Des Moines River," the 
Legislature provided for a Board consisting of a President, Secretary and 
Treasurer, to be elected by the people. This Board was elected August 2, 
1847, and was organized on the 22d of September following. The same act 
defined the nature of the improvement to be made, and provided that the work 
should be paid for from the funds to be derived from the sale of lands to be 
sold by the Board. 

Agents appointed by the Governor selected the sections designated by "odd 
numbers" throughout the whole exten": of the grant, and this selection was ap- 
proved by the Secretary of the Treasury. But there was a conflict of opinion 
as to the extent of the grant. It was held by some that it extended from the 
mouth of the Des Moines only to the Raccoon Forks ; others held, as the 
agents to make selection evidently did, that it extended from the mouth to the 
head waters of the river. Richard M. Young, Commissioner of the General 
Land Oflice, on the 23d of February, 1848, construed the grant to mean that 
" the State is entitled to the alternate sections within five miles of the Des 
Moines River, throughout the whole extent of that river within the limits of 
Iowa." Under this construction, the alternate sections above the Raccoon 
Forks would, of course, belong to the State; but on the 19th of June, 1848, 
some of these lands were, by proclamation, thrown into market. On the 18th 
of September, the Board of Public Works filed a remonstrance with the Com- 
missioner of the General Land Office. The Board also sent in a protest to the 
State Land Office, at which the sale was ordered to take place. On the 8th of 
January, 1849, the Senators and Representatives in Congress from Iowa also 
protested against the sale, in a communication to Hon. Robert J. Walker, Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, to which the Secretary replied, concurring in the 
opinion that the grant extended the whole length of the Des Moines River in 
Iowa. 

On the 1st of June, 1849, the Commissioner of the General Land Office 
directed the Register and Receiver of the Land Office at Iowa City " to with- 
hold from sale all lands situated in the odd numbered sections within five miles 
on each side of the Des Moines River ab(jve the Raccoon Forks." March 13, 
1850, the Commissioner of the General Land Office submitted to the Secretary 
of the Interior a list "showing the tracts falling within the limits of the Des 
Moines River grant, above the Raccoon Forks, etc., under the decision of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, of March 2, 1849," and on the 6th of April 
following, Mr. Ewing, then Secretary of the Interior, reversed the decision of 
Secretary Walker, but ordered the lands to be withheld from sale until Con- 



208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gress could have an opportunity to pass an explanatory act. The Iowa author- 
ities appealed from this decision to the President (Taylor), who referred the 
matter to the Attorney General (Mr. Johnson). On the 19th of July, Mr. 
Johnson submitted as his opinion, that by the terms of the grant itself, it ex- 
tended to the very source of the Des Moines, but before his opinion was pub- 
lished President Taylor died. When Mr. Tyler's cabinet was formed, the 
question was submitted to the new Attorney General (Mr. Crittenden), who, on 
the 30th of June, 1851, reported that in his opinion the grant did not extend 
above the Raccoon Forks. Mr. Stewart, Secretary of the Interior, concurred 
with Mr. Crittenden at first, but subsequently consented to lay the whole sub- 
ject before the President and Cabinet, Avho decided in favor of the State. 

October 29, 1851, Mr. Stewart directed the Commissioner of the General 
Land OflSce to "submit for his approval such lists as had been prepared, and to 
proceed to report for like approval lists of the alternate sections claimed by the 
State of Iowa above the Raccoon Forks, as far as the surveys have progressed, 
or may hereafter be completed and returned." And on the following day, three 
lists of these lands were prepared in the General Land Office. 

The lands approved and certified to the State of Iowa under this grant, and 
all lying above the Raccoon Forks, are as follows : 

By Secretary Stewart, Oct. 30, 1851 81,707.93 acres. 

March 10, 1852 143,908.37 " 

By Secretary McLellan, Dec. 17, 1853 33,142.43 " 

Dec. 30, 1853 12,813.51 " 

Total 271, 572.24 acres. 

The Commissioners and Register of the Des Moines River Improvement, in 
their report to the Governor, November 30, 1852, estimates the total amount of 
lands then available for the work, including those in possession of the State and 
those to be surveyed and approved, at nearly a million acres. The indebtedness 
then standing against the fund was about $108,000, and the Commissioners 
estimated the work to be done would cost about $1,200,000. 

January 19, 1853, the Legislature authorized the Commissioners to sell 
" any or all the lands which have or may hereafter be granted, for not less than 
$1,300,000." 

On the 24th of January, 1853, the General Assembly provided for the elec- 
tion of a Commissioner by the people, and appointed two Assistant Commission- 
ers, with authority to make a contract, selling the lands of the Improvement 
for $1,300,000. This new Board made a contract, June 9, 1855, with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, agreeing to sell all the lands donated 
to the State by Act of Congress of August 8, 1846, which the State had not 
sold prior to December 23, 1853, for $1,300,000, to be expended on the im- 
provement of the river, and in paying the indebtedness then due. This con- 
tract was duly reported to the Governor and General Assembly. 

By an act approved January 25, 1855, the Commissioner and Register of 
the Des Moines River Improvement were authorized to negotiate with the Des 
Moines Navigation & Railroad Company for the purchase of lands in Webster 
County which had been sold by the School Fund Commissioner as school lands, 
but which had been certified to the State as Des Moines River lands, and had, 
therefore, become the property of the Company, under the provisions of its 
contract with the State. 

March 21, 1856, the old question of the extent of the grant was again raised 
and the Commissioner of the General Land Office decided i\\^ it was limited to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 209 

the Raccoon Fork. Appeal was made to the Secretary of the Interior, and by 
him the matter was referred to the Attorney General, who decided that the grant 
extended to the northern boundary of the State ; the State relinquished its 
claim to lands lying along the river in Minnesota, and the vexed question was 
supposed to be finally settled. 

The land which had been certified, as well as those extending to the north- 
ern boundary within the limits of the grant, were reserved from pre-emption 
and sale by the General Land Commissioner, to satisfy the grant of August 8, 
1846, and they were treated as having passed to the State, which from time to 
time sold portions of them prior to their final transfer to the Des Moines Navi- 
igation & Railroad Company, applying the proceeds thereof to the improve- 
ment of the river in compliance with the terms of the grant. Prior to the final 
sale to the Company, June 9, 1854, the State had sold about 327,000 acres, of 
which amount 58,830 acres were located above the Raccoon Fork. The last 
certificate of the General Land Office bears date December 30, 1853. 

After June 9th, 1854, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company 
carried on the work under its contract with the State. As the improvement 
progressed, the State, from time to time, by its authorized officers, issued to the 
Company, in payment for said work, certificates for lands. But the General 
Land Office ceased to certify lands under the grant of 1846. The State 
had made no other provision for paying for the improvements, and disagree- 
ments and misunderstanding arose between the State authorities and the 
Company. 

March 22, 1858, a joint resolution was passed by the Legislature submitting 
a proposition for final settlement to the Company, which was accepted. The Com- 
pany paid to the State $20,000 in cash, and released and conveyed the dredge boat 
and materials named in the resolution ; and the State, on the 3d of May, 1858, , 
executed to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company fourteen deeds 
or patents to the lands, amounting to 256,703.64 acres. Thfse deeds were 
intended to convey all the lands of this grant certified to the State by the Gen- 
eral Government not previously sold ; but, as if for the purpose of covering any 
tract or parcel that might have been omitted, the State made another deed of 
conveyance on the 18th day of May, 1858. These fifteen deeds, it is claimed, 
by the Company, convey 266,108 acres, of which about 53,367 are below the 
Raccoon Fork, and the balance, 212,741 acres, are above that point. 

Besides the lands deeded to the Company, the State had deeded to individual 
purchasers 58,830 acres above the Raccoon Fork, making an aggregate of 271,- 
571 acres, deeded above the Fork, all of which had been certified to the State 
by the Federal Government. 

By act approved March 28, 1858, the Legislature donated the remainder of 
the grant to the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines & Minnesota Railroad Company, 
upon condition that said Company assumed all liabilities resulting from the Des 
Moines River improvement operations, reserving 50,000 acres of the land in 
security for the payment thereof, and for the completion of the locks and dams 
at Bentonsport, Croton, Keosauqua and Plymouth. For every three thousand 
dollars' worth of work done on the locks and dams, and for every three thousand 
dollars paid by the Company of the liabilities above mentioned, the Register of 
the State Land Office was instructed to certify to the Company 1,000 acres of 
the 50,000 acres reserved for these purposes. Up to 1865, there had been pre- 
sented by the Company, under the provisions of the act of 1858, and aHowed, 
claims amounting to $109,579.37, about seventy-five per cent, of which had 
been settled. 



210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

After the passage of the Act above noticed, the question of the extent of the 
original grant was again mooted, and at the December Term of the Supreme Court 
of the United States, in 1859-60, a decision was rendered declaring that the 
grant did not extend above Raccoon Fork, and that all certificates of land above 
the Fork had been issued without authority of law and were, therefore, void 
(see 23 How., m). 

The State of Iowa had disposed of a large amount of land without authority, 
according to this decision, and appeal was made to Congress for relief, which 
was granted on the 3d day of March, 1861, in a joint resolution relinquishing 
to the State all the title which the United States then still retained in the tracts 
of land along the Des Moines River above Raccoon Fork, that had been im- 
properly certified to the State by the Department of the Interior, and which is 
now held by bona fide purchasers under the State of Iowa. 

In confirmation of this relinquishment, by act approved July 12, 1862, 
Congress enacted : 

That the grant of lands to the then Territory of Iowa for the improvement of the Des Moines 
River, made by the act of August 8, 1846, is hereby extended so as to include the alternate sec- 
tions (designated by odd numbers) lying within five miles of said river, between the Raccoon 
Fork and the northern boundary of said State ; such lands are to be held and applied in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the original grant, except that theconsent of Congress is hereby given 
to the application of a portion thereof to aid in the construction of the Keokuk, Fort Des Moines 
& Minnesota Railroad, in accordance with the provisions of the act of the General Assembly of 
the State of Iowa, approved March 22, 1858. And if any of the said lands shall have been sold 
or otherwise disposed of by the United States before the passage of this act, except those released 
by the United States to the grantees of the State of Iowa, under joint resolution of March 3, 
1861, the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to set apart an equal amount of lands within 
said State to be certified in lieu thereof; Providefl, that if the State shall have sold and conveyed 
any portion of the lands lying within the limits of the grant the title of which has proved invalid, 
any lands which shall be certified to said State in lieu thereof by virtue of the provisions of this 
act, shall inure to and be held as a trust fund for the benefit of the person or persons, respect- 
ively, whose titles shall have failed as aforesaid. 

The grant of lands by the above act of Congress was accepted by a joint 
resolution of the General Assembly, September 11, 1862, in extra session. On 
the same day, the Governor was authorized to appoint one or more Commis- 
sioners to select the lands in accordance with the grant. These Commissioners 
were instructed to report their selections to the Registrar of the State Land 
Office. The lands so selected were to be held for the purposes of the grant, and 
were not to be disposed of until further legislation should be had. D. W. Kil- 
burne, of Lee County, was appointed Commissioner, and, on the 25th day of 
April, 1864, the General Land Officer authorized the selection of 300,000 acres 
from the vacant public lands as a part of the grant of July 12, 1862, and the 
selections were made in the Fort Dodge and Sioux City Land Districts. 

Many difficulties, controversies and conflicts, in relation to claims and titles, 
grew out of this grant, and these difficulties were enhanced by the uncertainty 
of its limits until the act of Congress of July, 1862. But the General Assem- 
bly sought, by wise and appropriate legislation, to protect the integrity of titles 
derived from the State. Especially was the determination to protect the actual 
settlers, who had paid their money and made improvements prior to the final 
settlement of the limits of the grant by Congress. 

VII. — THE DES MOINES RIVER SCHOOL LANDS. 

These lands constituted a part of the 500,000 acre grant made by Congress 
in 1841; including 28,378.46 acres in Webster County, selected by the Agent of 
the State under that grant, and approved by the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office February 20, 1851. They were ordered into the market June 6, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 211 

1853, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who authorized John Tol- 
raan, School Fund Commissioner for Webster County, to sell them as school 
lands. Subsequently, when the act of 1846 was construed to extend the Des 
Moines River grant above Raccoon Fork, it was held that the odd numbered 
sections of these lands within five miles of the river were appropriated by that 
act, and on the 30th day of December, 1853, 12,813.51 acres were set apart 
and approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior, as a part of the 
Des Moines River grant. January 6, 1854, the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office transmitted to the Superintendent of Public Instruction a certified 
copy of the lists of these lands, indorsed by the Secretary of the Interior. 
Prior to this action of the Department, however, Mr. Tolman had sold to indi- 
vidual purchasers 3,194.28 acres as school lands, and their titles were, of course, 
killed. For their relief, an act, approved April 2, 1860, provided that, upon 
application and proper showing, these purchasers should be entitled to draw 
from the State Treasury the amount they had paid, with 10 per cent, interest, 
on the contract to purchase made with Mr. Tolman. Under this act, five appli- 
cations were made prior to 1864, and the applicants received, in the aggregate, 
1949.53. 

By an act approved April 7, 1862, the Governor was forbidden to issue to 
the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Company any certificate of the completion 
of any part of said road, or any conveyance of lands, until the company should 
execute and file, in the State Land Office, a release of its claim — first, to cer- 
tain swamp lands ; second, to the Des Moines River Lands sold by Tolman ; 
third, to certain other river lands. That act provided that "the said company 
shall transfer their interest in those tracts of land in Webster and Hamilton 
Counties heretofore sold by John Tolman, School Fund Commissioner, to the 
Register of the State Land Office in trust, to enable said Register to carry out 
and perform said contracts in all cases when he is called upon by the parties 
interested to do so, before the 1st day of January, A. D. 1864. 

The company filed its release to the Tolman lands, in the Land Office, Feb- 
ruary 27, 1864, at the same time entered its protest that it had no claim upon 
them, never had pretended to have, and had never sought to claim them. The 
Register of the State Land Office, under the advice of the Attorney General, 
decided that patents would be issued to the Tolman purchasers in all cases 
where contracts had been made prior to December 23, 1853, and remaining 
uncanceled under the act of i860. But before any were issued, on the 27th of 
August, 1864, the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company commenced a 
suit in chancery, in the District Court of Polk County, to enjoin the issue of 
such patents. On the 30th of August, an ex ijarte injunction was issued. In 
January, 1868, Mr. J. A. Harvey, Register of the Land Office, filed in the 
court an elaborate answer to plaintiffs' petition, denying that the company had 
any right to or title in the lands. Mr. Harvey's successor, Mr. C. C. Carpen- 
ter, filed a still more exhaustive answer February 10, 1868. August 3, 1868, 
the District Court dissolved the injunction. The company appealed to the 
Supreme Court, where the decision of the lower court was affirmed in December, 
1869. 

VIII. — SWAMP LAND GRANT. 

By an act of Congress, approved March 28, 1850, to enable Arkansas and 
other States to reclaim swampy lands within their limits, granted all the swamp 
and overflowed lands remaining unsold within their respective limits to the 
several States. Although the total amount claimed by Iowa under this act 



212 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

does not exceed 4,000,000 acres, it has, like the Des Moines River and some 
of the land grants, cost the State considerable trouble and expense, and required 
a deal of legislation. The State expended large sums of money in making the 
selections, securing proofs, etc., but the General Government appeared to be 
laboring under the impression that Iowa "was not acting in good faith ; that she 
had selected a large amount of lands under the swamp land grant, transferred 
her interest to counties, and counties to private speculators, and the General 
Land Office permitted contests as to the character of the lands already selected 
by the Agents of the State as " swamp lands." Congress, by joint resolution 
Dec. 18, 1856, and by act March 3, 1857, saved the State from the fatal result 
of tliis ruinous policy. Many of these lands were selected in 1854 and 1855, 
immediately after several remarkably wet seasons, and it was but natural that 
some portions of the selections would not appear swampy after a few dry seasons. 
Some time after these first selections were made, persons desired to enter 
parcels of the so-called swamp lands and offering to prove tliem to be dry. In 
such cases the General Land Office ordered hearing before the local land officers, 
and if they decided the land to be dry, it was permitted to be entered and the 
claim of the State rejected. Speculators took advantage of this. Affidavits 
were bought of irresponsible and reckless men, who, for a few dollars, would 
confidently testify to the character of lands they never saw. These applica- 
tions multiplied until they covered 3,000,000 acres. It was necessary that 
Congress should confirm all these selections to the State, that this gigantic 
scheme of fraud and plunder might be stopped. The act of Congress of 
March 3, 1857, was designed to accomplish this purpose. But the Commis- 
sioner of the General Land Office held that it was only a qualified confirma- 
tion, and under this construction sought to sustain the action of the Department 
in rejecting the claim of the State, and certifying them under act of May 15, 
1856, under which the railroad companies claimed all swamp land in odd num- 
bered sections within the limits of their respective roads. This action led to 
serious complications. When the railroad grant Avas made, it was not intended 
nor was it understood that it included any of the swamp lands. These Avere 
already disposed of by previous grant. Nor did the companies expect to 
receive any of them, but under the decisions of the Department adverse to the 
State the way was opened, and they were not slow to enter their claims. March 
4, 1802, the Attorney General of the State submitted to the General Assembly 
an opinion tliat the railroad companies were not entitled even to contest the 
right of the State to these lands, under the swamp land grant. A letter from 
the Acting Commissioner of the General Land Office expressed the same 
opinion, and the General Assembly by joint resolution, approved April 7, 1862, 
expressly repudiated the acts of the railroad companies, and disclaimed any 
intention to claim these lands under any other than the act of Congress of 
Sept. 28, 1850. A great deal of legislation has been found necessary in rela- 
tion to these swamp lands. 

IX. — THE RAILROAD GRANT. 

One of the most important grants of public lands to Iowa for purposes of 
internal improvement was that known as tlie "Railroad Grant," by act of 
Congress approved May 15, 1856. This act granted to the State of Iowa, for 
the purpose of aiding in the construction of railroads from Burlington, on the 
Mississippi River, to a point on the Missouri River, near the mouth of Platte 
River ; from the city of Davenport, via Iowa City and Fort Des Moines to 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 213 

Council Bluffs ; from Lyons City northwesterly to a jDoint of intersection with 
the main line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, near Maquoketa ; thence 
on said main line, running as near as practicable to the Forty-second Parallel ; 
across the said State of Iowa to the Missouri River ; from the city of Dubuque 
to a point on the Missouri River, near Sioux City, with a branch from the 
mouth of the Tete des Morts, to the nearest point on said road, to be com- 
pleted as soon as the main road is completed to that point, every alternate section 
of land, designated by odd numbers, for six sections in width on each side of 
said roads. It was also provided that if it should appear, when the lines of those 
roads were definitely fixed, that the United States had sold, or right of pre- 
emption had attached to any portion of said land, the State Avas authorized to 
select a quantity ecjual thereto, in alternate sections, or parts of sections, within 
fifteen miles of the lines so located. The lands remaining to the United States 
Avithin six miles on each side of said roads were not to be sold for less than the 
double minimum price of the public lands when sold, nor Avere any of said lands 
to become subject to private entry until they had been first offered at public 
sale at the increased price. 

Section 4 of the act provided that the lands granted to said State shall be 
disposed of by said State only in the manner following, that is to say : that a 
quantity of land net exceeding one hundred and twenty sections for each of said 
roads, and included Avithin a continuous length of twenty miles of each of said 
roads, may be sold ; and Avhen the Governor of said State shall certify to the 
Secretary of the Interior that any twenty continuous miles of any of said roads 
is completed, then another quantity of land hereby granted, not to exceed one 
hundred and tAventy sections for each of said roads having twenty contiimous 
miles completed as aforesaid, and included Avithin a continuous length of tAA enty 
miles of each of such roads, may be sold ; and so from time to time until said 
roads are completed, and if any of said roads are not completed Avithin ten 
years, no further sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the 
United States." 

At a special session of the General Assembly of Iowa, by act approved July 
14, 1856, the gx-ant Avas accepted and the lands were granted by the State to 
the several railroad companies named, provided that the lines of their respective 
roads should be definitely fixed and located before April 1, 1857 ; and pro- 
vided further, that if either of said companies should fail to have seventy-five 
miles of road completed and equipped by the 1st day of December, 1859, and 
its entire road completed by December 1, 1865, it should be competent f)r the 
State of loAva to resume all rights to lands remaining undisposed of by the 
company so failing. 

The railroad companies, with the single exception of the loAva Central Air 
Line, accepted the several grants in accordance with the provisions of the above 
act, located their respective roads and selected their lands. The grant to the 
loAva Central Avas again granted to tiie Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railroad 
Company, Avhich accepted them. 

By act, approved April 7, 1862, the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad Com- 
pany Avas reciuired to execute a release to the State of certain swamp and scthool 
lands, included Avithin the limits of its grant, in compensation for an extension 
of the time fixed fi)r the completion of its road. i. 

A careful examination of the act of Congress does not reveal any special 
reference to railroad compa^iies. The lands Avere granted to the State, and the 
act evidently contemplate the sale of them % the State, and the appropriation 
of the proceeds to aid in the construction of certain lines of railroad Avithin its 



214 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

limits. Section 4 of the act clearly defines the authority of the State in dis- 
posing of the lands. 

Lists of all the lands embraced by the grant were made, and certified to the 
State by the proper authorities. Under an act of Congress approved August 3, 
1854, entitled "^?i act to vest in the several States and Territories the title iii 
fee of the lands ivhich have been or may he certified to them," these certified lists, 
the originals of which are filed in the General Land Office, conveyed to the State 
"the fee simple title to all the lands-embraced in such lists that are of the char- 
acter contemplated " by the terms of the act making the grant, and "intended 
to be granted thereby ; but where lands embraced in such lists are not of the 
character embraced by such act of Congress, and were not intended to be granted 
thereby, said lists, so far as these lands are concerned, shall be perfectly null 
and void; and no right, title, claim or interest shall be conveyed thereby." 
Those certified lists made under the act of May 15, 1856, were forty-three in 
number, viz.: For the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad, nine ; for the 
Mississippi & Missouri Railroad, 11 ; for the Iowa Central Air Line, thirteen ; 
and for the Dubuque & Sioux City Railroad, ten. The lands thus approved to 
the State were as follows : 

Burlington & Missouri River R. R 287,095.34 acres. 

Mississippi & Missouri River R. R 774,674.36 " 

Cedar Rapids & Missouri River R. R 775,454.19 " 

Dubuque & Sioux City R. R 1,226,558.32 " 

A portion of these had been selected as swamp lands by the State, under 
the act of September 28, 1850, and these, by the terms of the act of August 3, 
1854, could not be turned over to the railroads unless the claim of the State to 
them as swamp was first rejected. It was not possible to determine from the 
records of the State Land Office the extent of the conflicting claims arising under 
the two grants, as copies of the swamp land selections in some of the counties 
were not filed of record. The Commissioner of the General Land Office, however, 
prepared lists of the lands claimed by the State as swamp under act of September 
28, 1850, and also claimed by the railroad companies under act of May 15, 
1856, amounting to 553,293.33 acres, the claim to which as swamp had been 
rejected by the Department. These were consequently certified to the State as 
railroad lands. There was no mode other than the act of July, 1856, prescribed 
for transferring the title to these lands from the State to the companies. The 
courts had decided that, for the purposes of the grant, the lands belonged to the 
State, and to her the companies should look for their titles. It was generally 
accepted that the act of the Legislature of July, 1856, was all that was neces- 
sary to complete the transfer of title. It was assumed that all the rights and 
powers conferred upon the State by the act of Congress of May 14, 1856, were 
by the act of the General Assembly transferred to the companies ; in other 
words, that it was designed to put the companies in the place of the State as the 
grantees from Congress — and, therefore, that which perfected the title thereto 
to the State perfected the title to the companies by virtue of the act of July, 
1856. One of the companies, however, the Burlington & Missouri River Rail- 
road Company, was not entirely satisfied with this construction. Its managers 
thought that some further and specific action of the State authorities in addition 
to the act of the Legislature Avas necessary to complete their title. This induced 
Gov. Lowe to attach to the certified lists his official certificate, under the broad 
seal of the State. On the 9th of November, 1859, the Governor thus certified 
to them (commencing at the Missouri River) 187.207.44 acres, and December 
27th, 43,775.70 acres, an aggregate of 231,073.14 acres. These were the only 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 215 

lands under the grant that were certified by the State authorities with any 
design of perfecting the title already vested in the company by the act of July, 
1856. The lists which were afterward furnished to the company were simply 
certified by the Governor as being correct copies of the lists received by the 
State from the United States General Land Office. These subsequent lists 
embraced lands that had been claimed by the State under the Swamp Land 
Grant. 

It was urged against the claim of the Companies that the eifect of the act 
of the Legislature was simply to substitute them for the State as parties to the 
grant. 1st. That the lands were granted to the State to be held in trust for the 
accomplishment of a specific purpose, and therefore the State could not part 
with the title until that purpose should have been accomplished. 2d. That it 
was not the intention of the act of July 14, 1856, to deprive the State of the con- 
trol of the lands, but on the contrary that she should retain supervision of them 
and the right to withdraw all rights and powers and resume the title condition- 
ally conferred by that act upon the companies in the event of their failure to 
complete their part of the contract. 3d. That the certified lists from the Gen- 
eral Land Office vested the title in the State only by virtue of the act of Con- 
gress approved August 3, 1854. The State Land Office held that the proper 
construction of the act of July 14, 1856, when accepted by the companies, was 
that it became a conditional contract that might ripen into a positive sale of the 
lands as from time to time the work should progress, and as the State thereby 
became authorized by the express terms of the grant to sell them. 

This appears to have been the correct construction of the act, but by a sub- 
sequent act of Congi'ess, approved June 2, 1864, amending the act of 1856, the 
terms of the grant were changed, and numerous controversies arose between the 
companies and the State. 

The ostensible purpose of this additional act was to allow the Davenport & 
Council Bluffs Railroad "to modify or change the location of the uncompleted 
portion of its line," to run through the town of Newton, Jasper County, or as 
nearly as practicable to that point. The original grant had been made to the 
State to aid in the construction of railroads within its limits and not to the com- 
panies, but Congress, in 1864, appears to have been utterly ignorant of what 
had been done under the act of 1856, or, if not, to have utterly disregarded it. 
The State had accepted the original grant. The Secretary of the Interior had 
already certified to the State all the lands intended to be included in the grant 
within fifteen miles of the lines of the several railroads. It will be remembered 
that Section 4, of the act of May 15, 1856, specifies the manner of sale of 
these lands from time to time as work on the railroads should progress, and also 
provided that " if any of said roads are not completed within ten years, no fur- 
ther sale shall be made, and the lands unsold shall revert to the Lhiited States.'' 
Having vested the title to these lands in trust, in the State of Iowa, it is plain 
that until the expiration of the ten years there could be no reversion, and the 
State, not the United States, must control them until the grant should expire 
by limitation. The United States authorities could not rightfully require the 
Secretary of the Interior to certify directly to the companies any portion of 
the lands already certified to the State. And yet Congress, by its act of June 
2, 1864, provided that Avhenever the Davenport & Council Bluffs Railroad Com- 
pany should file in the General Land Office at Washington a map definitely 
showing such new location, the Secretary of the Interior should cause to be cer- 
tified and conveyed to said Company, from time to time, as the road progressed, 
out of any of the lands belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved, or 



21G HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

otherwise disposed of, or to which a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had 
not attached, and on which a bona fide settlement and improvement hud not 
been made under color of title derived from the United States or from the State 
of Iowa, Avithin six miles of such newly located line, an amount of land per 
mile e(|ual to that originally authorized to be granted to aid in the construction 
of said road by the act to which this was an amendment. 

The term " out of any lands helonghig to the United States, not sold, re- 
served or otherwise disposed of, etc.," would seem to indicate that Congress did 
intend to grant lands already granted, but Avhen it declared that the Company 
should have an amount per mile equal to that originally authorized to he granted, 
it is plain that the framers of the bill Avere ignorant of the real tei'ms of the 
original grant, or that they designed that the United States should resume the 
title it had already parted Avith tAvo years before the lands could revert to the 
United States under the original act, Avhich Avas not repealed. 

A similar change Avas made in relation to the Cedar Rapids & Missouri 
Railroad, and dictated the conveyance of lands in a similar manner. 

Like provision Avas made for the Dubuque k Sioux City Railroad, and the 
Company Avas permitted to change the location of its line between Fort Dodge 
and Sioux City, so as to secure the best route between those points ; but this 
change of location was not to impair the right to the land granted in the orig- 
inal act, nor did it change the location of those lands. 

By the same act, the Mississippi & Missouri Railroad Company was author- 
ized to transfer and assign all or any part of the grant to any other company or 
person, " if, in the opinion of said Company, the construction of said railroad 
across the State of Iowa would be thereby sooner and more satisfactorily com- 
pleted ; but such assignee should not in any case be released from the liabilities 
and conditions accompanying this grant, nor acquire perfect title in any other 
manner than the same Avould have been acquired by the original grantee." 

Still further, the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad was not forgotten, 
and Avas, by the same act, empowered to receive an amount of land per mile 
equal to that mentioned in the original act, and if that could riot be found withm 
the limits of six miles from the line of said road, then such selection might 
be made along such line Avithin twenty miles thereof out of any public lands 
belonging to the United States, not sold, reserved or otherwise disposed of, or 
to Avhich a pre-emption claim or right of homestead had not attached. 

Those acts of Congress, which evidently originated in the "lobby," occa- 
sioned much controvei-sy and trouble. The Department of the Interior, how- 
ever, recognizing the fact that Avhen the Secretary had certified the lands to the 
State, under tlie act of 1856, that act divested the United States of title, under 
the vestinji act of August, 1854, refused to review its action, and also refused 
to order any and all investigations for establishing adverse clanns (except m 
pre-emption cases), on the ground that the United States had parted with the 
title, and, therefore, could exercise no control over the land. 

May 12, 1864, before the passage of the amendatory act above described. 
Congress granted to the State of loAva, to aid in the construction of a railroad 
from McGregor to Si<jux City, and for the benefit of the McGregor Western 
Railroad Company, every alternate section of land, designated by odd numbers, 
for ten sections in Avidth on each side of the proposed road, reserving the right 
to substitute other lands whencA^er it was found that the grant infringed upon 
pre-empted lands, or on lands that had been reserved or disposed of for any other 
purpose. In such cases, the Secretary of the Interior Avas instructed to select, in 
lieu, lands belonging to the United States lying nearest to the limits specified. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 217 

X. — AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AND FARM LANDS. 

An Agricultural College and Model Farm was established by act of the 
General Assembly, approved March 22, 1858. By the eleventh section of the 
act, the proceeds of the five-section grant made for the purpose of aiding in the 
erection of public buildings was appropriated, subject to the approval of Con- 
gress, together with all lands that Congress might thereafter grant to the State 
for the purpose, for the benefit of the institution. On the 23d of March, by 
joint resolution, the Legislature asked the consent of Congress to the proposed 
transfer. By act approved July 11, 1862, Congress removed the restrictions 
imposed in the "five-section grant," and authorized the General Assembly to 
make such disposition of the lands as should be deemed best .for the interests of 
the State. By these several acts, the five sections of land in Jasper County 
certified to the State to aid in the erection of public buildings under the act of 
March 3, 1845, entitled " An act supplemental to the act for the admission of 
the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union," were fully appropriated for 
the benefit of the Iowa Agricultural College and Farm. The institution is 
located in Story County. Seven hundred and twenty-one acres in that and 
two hundred in Boone County were donated to it by individuals interested in 
the success of the enterprise. 

By act of Congress approved July 2, 1862, an appropriation was made to 
each State and Territory of 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative 
in Congress, to which, by the apportionment under the census of 1860, they 
were respectively entitled. This grant was made for the purpose of endowing 
colleses of aorriculture and mechanic arts. 

Iowa accepted this grant by an act passed at an extra session of its Legis- 
lature, approved September 11, 1862, entitled "An act to accept of the grant, 
and carry into execution the trust conferred upon the State of Iowa by an act 
of Congress entitled ' An act granting public lands to the several States and 
Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the 
mechanic arts,' approved July 2, 1862." This act made it the duty of the 
Governor to appoint an agent to select and locate the lands, and provided 
that none should be selected that were claimed by any county as swamp 
lands. The agent was required to make report of his doings to the Governor, 
who was instructed to submit the list of selections to the Board of Trustees of 
the Agricultural College for their approval. One thousand dollars were appro- 
priated to carry the law into effect. The State, having two Senators and six 
Representatives in Congress, was entitled to 240,000 acres of land under this 
grant, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining an Agricultural College. 
Peter Melendy, Esq., of Black Hawk County, was appointed to make the selec- 
tions, and during August, September and December, 1863, located them in the 
Fort Dodge, Des Moines and Sioux City Land Districts. December 8, 1864, 
these selections were certified by the Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
and were approved to the State by the Secretary of the Interior December 13, 
1864. The title to these lands was vested in the State in fee simple, and con- 
flicted with no other claims under other grants. 

The agricultural lands were approved to the State as 240,000.96 acres; but 
as 35,691.66 acres were located within railroad limits, which were computed at 
the rate of two acres for one, the actual amount of land approved to the State 
under this grant was only 204,309.30 acres, located as follows : 

In Des Moines Land District 6,804.96 acres. 

In Sioux City Land District 69,025.37 " 

In Fort Dodge Land District 138,478.97 " 



218 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

By act of the General Assembly, approved March 29, 1864, entitled, " An 
act authorizing the Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm 
to sell all lands acquired, granted, donated or appropriated for the benefit of 
said college, and to make an investment of the proceeds thereof," all these lands 
were granted to the Agricultural College and Farm, and the Trustees were au- 
thorized to take possession, and sell or lease them. They were then, under the 
control of the Trustees, lands as follows : 

Under the act of July 2, 1852 204,309.30 acres. 

Of the five-section grant 3,200.00 " 

Lands donated in Story County 721.00 " 

Lands donated in Boone County 200.00 " 

Total 208,430.30 acres. 

The Trustees opened an office at Fort Dodge, and appointed Hon. G. W- 
Bassett their agent for the sale of these lands. 

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 

The germ of the free public school system of Iowa, which now ranks sec- 
ond to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers. They had 
migrated to the " The Beautiful Land" from other and older States, where the 
common school system had been tested by many years' experience, bringing 
with them some knowledge of its advantages, which they determined should be 
enjoyed by the children of the land of their adoption. The system thus planted 
was expanded and improved iiL the broad fields of the West, until now it is 
justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the 
country. 

Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered humble log school 
houses were built almost as soon as the log cabin of the earliest settlers were 
occupied by their brave builders. In the lead mining regions of the State, the 
first to be occupied by the white race, the hardy pioneers provided the means 
for the education of their children even before they had comfortable dwellings 
for their families. School teachers were among the first immigrants to Iowa. 
Wherever a little settlement was made, the school house was the first united 
public act of the settlers; and the rude, primitive structures of the early time 
only disappeared when the communities had increased in population and wealth, 
and were able to replace them with more commodious and comfortable buildings. 
Perhaps in no single instance has the magnificent progress of the State of Iowa 
been more marked and rapid than in her common school system and in her school 
houses, which, long since, superseded the log cabins of the first settlers. To- 
day, the school houses Avhich everywhere dot the broad and fertile prairies of 
Iowa are unsurpassed by those of any other State in the great Union. More 
especially is this true in all her cities and villages, where liberal and lavish 
appropriations have been voted, by a generous people, for the erection of large, 
commodious and elegant buildings, furnished with all the modern improvements, 
and costing from $10,000 to $60,000 each. The people of the State have ex- 
pended more than $10,000,000 for the erection of public school buildings. 

The first house erected in Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by James 
L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the Autumn of 1833. When it was 
completed, George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the Winter of 
1833-4, and thirty-five pupils attended' his school. Barrett Whittemore taught 
the second term with twenty-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 2ly 

commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female 
teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839, Thomas H. Benton, 
Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an 
English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of 
schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. 

Among the first buildings erected at Burlington was a commodious log school 
house in 1834, in which Mr. Johnson Pierson taught the first school in the 
Winter of 1834-5. 

The first school in Muscatine County was taught by George Bumgardner, 
in the Spring of 1837, and in 1839, a log school house was erected in Musca- 
tine, which served for a long time for school house, church and public hall. 
The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa 
Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. 

When the site of Iowa City was selected as the capital of the Territory of 
Iowa, in May, 1839, it was a perfect wilderness. The first sale of lots took 
place August 18, 1839, and before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had 
settled within the limits of the town ; and during the same year, Mr. Jesse 
Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected, on what is now 
College street. 

The first settlement in Monroe County was made in 1843, by Mr. John R. 
Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville; and in the Summer 
of 1844, a log school house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, 
Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school Avas opened 
by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school purposes for 
nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a 
log school house was built, in which school was opened by Samuel W. Caldwell 
in 1844. 

At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was 
taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court in the Winter of 1846-7, 
in one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. 

The first school in Pottawattomie County was opened by George Green, a 
Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 ; and until about 1854, nearly, if not 
quite, all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. 

The first school in Decorah was taught in 1853, by T. W. Burdick, then a 
young man of seventeen. In Osceola, the first school was opened by Mr. D. 
W. Scoville. The first school at Fort Dodge Avas taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, since Governor of the State. In Crawford County, the first school 
house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied 
it as teacher. 

During the first twenty years of the history of Iowa, the log school house pre- 
vailed, and in 1861, there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for 
school purposes in the State. Since that time they have been gradually dis- 
appearing. In 1865, there were 796; in 1870, 336, and in 1875, 121. 

Iowa Territory was created July 3, 1838. January 1, 1839, the Territorial 
Legislature passed an act providing that " there shall be established a common 
school, or schools in each of the counties in this Territory, which shall be 
open and free for every class of white citizens between the ages of five and 
twenty-one years." The second section of the act provided that " the County 
Board shall, from time to time, form such districts in their respective counties 
whenever a petition may be presented for the purpose by a majority of the 
voters resident within such contemplated district." These districts were gov- 
erned by boards of trustees, usually of three persons ; each district was required 



220 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

to maintain school at least three luontlis in every year ; and later, laws were 
enacted providing for county school taxes for the payment of teachers, and that 
whatever additional sum might be required should be assessed upon the parents 
sending, in proportion to the length of time sent. 

When Iowa Territory became a State, in 1846, with a population of 100,- 
000, and with 20,000 scholars within its limits, about four hundred school dis- 
tricts had been organized. In 1850, there were 1,200, and in 1857, the 
number had increased to 3,265. 

In March, 1858, upon the recommendation of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, the Seventh General Assembly enacted that 
" each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should 
be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and 
reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. 

This chano-e of school oro-anization resulted in a very material reduction of 
the expenditures for the compensation of District Secretaries and Treasurers. 
An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub- 
district system. Mr. Kissel, Superintendent, recommended, in his report of 
January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual 
message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of inde- 
pendent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. 

Tlie system of graded schools was inaugurated in 1841;) ; and new schools, in 
which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. 

Tlie first official mention of Teachers' Institutes in the educational records 
of Iowa occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made 
December 2, 1850, who said, " An institution of this character was organized a 
few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, 
Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has, also, been formed in the 
county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular 
institute in the county of Jones." At that time — although the beneficial 
influence of these institutes was admitted, it was urged that the expei;ses of 
attending them was greater than teachers with limited compensation were able 
to bear. To obviate this objection, Mr. Benton recommended that ''the sum of 
$150 should be approi)riated annually for three years, to Ite drawn in install- 
ments of $50 each by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and expended 
for these institutions." He proposed that three institutes should be held annu- 
ally at points to be designated by the Superintendent. 

No legislation in this direction, however, was had until March, 1858, when 
an act was passed authorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not 
less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teacliers should desire. 
The Superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one' 
institu,te, to be paid out by the County Superintendent as the institute might 
direct for teachers and lecturers, and one thousand dollars was appropriated to 
defray the expenses of these institutes. 

December 6. 1858, Mr. Fisher reported to the Board of Education that 
institutes had been appointed in twenty counties within the preceding six months, 
and more would have been, but the appropriation had been exhausted. 

The Board of Education at its first session, commencing December 6, 1858, 
enacted a code of school laws which retained the existing provisions for teachers' 
institutes. 

In March, 1860, the General Assembly amended the act of the Board by 
appropriating '' a sum not exceeding fifty dollars annually for one such institute, 
held as provided by law in each county." 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 221 

In 1865, Mr. Faville reported that " the provision made by the State for the 
benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the 
people and the teachers, as during the last two years." 

By act approved ]\Iarch 19, 187-4, Normal Institutes were established in 
each county, to be held annually by the County Superintendent. This was 
regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Abernethy, and in 1876 the 
Sixteenth General Assembly established the first permanent State Normal 
School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and 
property of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at that place for that purpose. This 
school is now " in tlie full tide of successful experiment." 

The public school system of Iowa is admirably organized, and if the various 
officers Avho are entrusted with the educational interests of the commonwealth 
are faithful and competent, should and Avill constantly improve. 

" The public schools are supported by funds arising from several sources. 
The sixteenth section of every Congressional Township was set apart by the 
General Government for school purposes, being one-thirty-sixth part of all the 
lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands w^as fixed at one dollar 
and twenty-five cents per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to 
the State of five hundred thousand acres, and an appropriation of five per cent, 
on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this 
fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it ; the proceeds of 
all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived 
from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which 
cannot be diverted to any other purpose. Tlie penalties collected by the courts 
for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. 
The proceeds of the sale of lands and the five per cent, fund go into the State 
Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties accord- 
ing to their request, and the counties loan the money to individuals for long 
terms at eight per cent, interest, on security of land valued at three times the 
amount of the loan, exclusive of all buildings and improvements thereon. The 
interest on these loans is paid into the State Treasury, and becomes the avail- 
able school fund of the State. The counties are responsible to the State for all 
money so loaned, and the State is likewise responsible to the school fund for all 
moneys transferred to the counties. The interest on these loans is apportioned 
by the State Auditor semi-annually to the several counties of the State, in pro- 
portion to the number of persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years. 
The counties also levy an annual tax for school purposes, which is apportioned 
to the several district townships in the same way. A district tax is also 
levied for the same purpose. The money arising from these several sources 
constitutes the support of the public schools, and is sufficient to enable 
every sub-district in the State to afford from six to nine months' school 
each year." 

The taxes levied for the support of schools are self-imposed. Under the 
admiiable school hiAvs of tlie State, no taxes can be legally assessed or collected 
for the erection of school houses until they have been ordered by the election of 
the district at a school meeting legally called. The school houses of Iowa are 
the pride of the State and an honor to the people. If they have been some- 
times built at a prodigal expense, the tax payers have no one to blame but 
themselves. The teachers' and contingent funds are determined by the Board of 
Directors under certain legal restrictions. These boards are elected annually, 
except in the independent districts, in wliich the board may be entirely changed 
every three years. The only exception to this mode of levying taxes for support 



222 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

of schools is the county school tax, which is determined by the County Board 
of Supervisors. The tax is from one to three mills on the dollar ; usually, 
however, but one. Mr. Abernethy, who was Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion from 1872 to 1877, said in one of his reports : 

There is but little opposition to the levy of taxes for the support of schools, and there 
would be still less if the funds were always properly guarded and judiciously expended. How- 
ever much our people disagree upon other subjects, they are practically united upon this. 
The opposition of wealth has long since ceased to exist, and our wealthy men are usually the 
most liberal in their views and the most active friends of popular education. They are often 
founil upon our school boards, and usually make the best of school officers. It is not uncommon 
for Boards of Directors, especially in the larger towns and cities, to be composed wholly of men 
who represent the enterprise, wealth and business of their cities. 

At the close of 1877, there were 1,086 township districts, 3,138 indepen- 
dent districts and 7,015 sub-districts. There were 9,948 ungraded and 470 
graded schools, with an average annual session of seven months and five days. 
There were 7,348 male teachers employed, whose average compensation was 
^34.88 per month, and 12,518 female teachers, with an average compensation 
of $28.69 per month. 

The number of persons between the ages 5 and 21 years, in 1877, was 
567,859; number enrolled in public schools, 421,163; total average attendance, 
251,372 ; average cost of tuition per month, $1.62. There are 9,279 frame, 
671 brick, 257 stone and 89 log school houses, making a grand total of 10,296, 
valued at $9,044,973. The public school libraries number 17,329 volumes. 
Ninety-nine teachers' institutes were held during 1877. Teachers' salaries 
amounted to $2,953,645. There was expended for school houses, grounds, 
libraries and apparatus, $1,106,788, and for fuel and other contingencies, 
$1,136,995, making the grand total of $5,197,428 expended by the generous 
people of Iowa for the support of their magnificent public schools in a single 
year. The amount of the permanent school fund, at the close of 1877, was 
$3,462,000. Annual interest, $276,960. 

In 1857, there were 3,265 independent districts, 2,708 ungraded schools, 
and 1,572 male and 1,424 female teachers. Teachers' salaries amounted to 
$198,142, and the total expenditures for schools was only $364,515. Six hun- 
dred and twenty-three volumes were the extent of the public school libraries 
twenty years ago, and there were only 1,686 school houses, valued at $571,064. 

In twenty years, teachers' salaries have increased from $198,142, in 1857, 
to $2,953,645 in 1877. Total school expenditures, from $364,515 to 
$5,197,428. 

The significance of such facts as these is unmistakable. Such lavish expen- 
ditures can only be accounted for by the liberality and public spirit of the 
people, all of whom manifest their love of popular education and their faith in 
the public schools by the annual dedication to their support of more than one 
per cent, of their entire taxable property ; this, too, uninterruptedly through a 
series of years, commencing in the midst of a war which taxed their energies and 
resources to the extreme, and continuing through years of general depression in 
business — years of moderate yield of produce, of discouragingly low prices, and 
even amid the scanty surroundings and privations of pioneer life. Few human 
enterprises have a grander significance or give evideiice of a more noble purpose 
than the generous contributions from the scanty resources of the pioneer for the 
purposes of public education. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 223 

POLITICAL RECORD. 

TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. 

G-overnors — Robert Lucas, 1838-41 ; John Chambers, 1841-45 ; James 
Clarke, 1845. 

Secretaries — William B. Conway, 1838, died 1839 ; James Clarke, 1839 ; 
0. H. W. StuU, 1841 ; Samuel J. Burr, 1843 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. 

Auditors— J ease Williams, 1840 ; Wm. L. Gilbert, 1843 • Robert M. 
Secrest, 1845. 

Treasurers — Thornton Bayliss, 1839 ; Morgan Reno, 1840. 

Judges — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838 ; Joseph Williams, 1838 ; 
Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. 

Presidents of Council — Jesse B. Browne, 1838-0 ; Stephen Hempstead, 
1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840-1; Jonathan W. Parker, 1841-2; John D. 
Elbert, 1842-3 ; Thomas Cox, 1843-4 ; S. Clinton Hastings, 1845 ; Stephen 
Hempstead, 1845-6. 

Speakers of the House — William H. Wallace, 1838-9 ; Edward Johnston, 
1839-40 ; Thomas Cox, 1840-1 ; Warner Lewis, 1841-2 ; James M. Morgan, 
1842-3 ; James P. Carleton, 1843-4 ; James M. Morgan, 1845 ; George W. 
McCleary, 1845-6. 

First Constitutional Convention, 184.4- — Shepherd Leffler, President ; Geo. 
S. Hampton, Secretary. 

Second Constitutional Convention, 1846 — Enos Lowe, President ; William 
Thompson, Secretary. 

OFFICERS OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT. 

Governors — Ansel Briggs, 1846 to 1850 ; Stephen Hempstead, 1850 to 
1854; James W. Grimes, 1854 to 1858; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858 to 1860; Sam- 
uel J. Kirkwood, 1860 to 1864 ; William M. Stone, 1864 to 1868 ; Samuel 
Morrill, 1868 to 1872 ; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872 to 1876 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood, 1876 to 1877 ; Joshua G. Newbold, Acting, 1877 to 1878 ; John H. 
Gear, 1878 to . 

Lieutenant Grovernor — Office created by the new Constitution September 3, 
1857— Oran Faville, 1858-9 ; Nicholas J. Rusch, 1860-1 ; John R. Needham, 
1862-3; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-5; Benjamin F. Gue, 1866-7; John 
Scott, 1868-9; M. M. AValden, 1870-1; H. C. Bulis, 1872-3; Joseph Dy- 
sart, 1874-5 ; Joshua G. NcAvbold, 1876-7 ; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-9. 

Secretaries of State — Elisha Cutler, Jr., Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 4, 1848 ; 
Josiah H. Bonney, Dec. 4, 1848, to Dec. 2, 1850; George W. McCleary, Dec. 
2, 1850, to Dec. 1, 1856 ; Elijah Sells, Dec. 1, 1856, to Jan. 5, 1863 ; James 
Wright, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Ed. Wright, Jan. 7, 1867, to Jan. 6, 
1873 ; Josiah T. Young, Jan. 6, 1873, to . 

Auditors of State— J ose])h T. Fales, Dec. 5, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; Will- 
iam Pattee, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1854 ; Andrew J. Stevens, Dec. 4, 1854, 
resigned in 1855 ; John Pattee, Sept. 22, 1855, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Jonathan 
W. Cattell, 1859 to 1865 ; John A. Elliot, 1865 to 1871 ; John Russell, 1871 
to 1875 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875 to . 

Treasurers of State — Morgan Reno, Dec. 18*, 1846, to Dec. 2, 1850 ; 
Israel Kister, Dec. 2, 1850, to Dec. 4, 1852 ; Martin L. Morris, Dec. 4, 1852, 
to Jan. 2, 1859 ; John W. Jones. 1859 to 1863 ; William H. Holmes, 1863 to 



224 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

1867 ; Samuel E. Rankin, 18G7 to 1873 ; William Christy, 1873 to 1877 ; 
George W, Bemis, 1877 to . 

Superintendetits of Public Instruction — Office created in 1847 — James Harlan, 
June 5, 1845 (Supreme Court decided election void) ; Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 
May 23, 1844, to June 7, 1854 ; James D. Eads, 1854-7 ; Joseph C. Stone, 
March to June, 1857 ; Maturin L; Fisher, 1857 to Dec, 1858, when the oflBce 
was abolished and the duties of the office devolved upon the Secretary of the 
Board of Education. 

/Secretaries of Board of Education — Thomas H. Benton, Jr., 1859-1868 ; 
Oran Faville, Jan, 1, 1864. Board abolished March 23, 1864. 

Superintendents of Public Instruction — Office re-created March 23, 1864 — 
Oran Faville, March 28, 1864, resigned March 1, 1867; D. Franklin Wells, 
March 4, 1867, to Jan., 1870 ; A. S. Kissell, 1870 to 1872 ; Alonzo Abernethy, 
1872 to 1877 ; Carl W. Von Coelln, 1877 to . 

State Binders — Office created February 21, 1855 — William M. Coles, May 
1, 1855, to May 1, 1859 ; Frank M. Mills, 1859 to 1867 ; James S. Carter, 
1867 to 1870 f J. J. Smart, 1870 to 1874; H. A. Perkins, 1874 to 1875; 
James J. Smart, 1875 to 1876; H. A. Perkins, 1876 to . 

Registers of the State Land Office — Anson Hart, May 5, 1855, to May 
13, 1857 ; Theodore S. Parvin, May 13, 1857, to Jan. 3, 1859 ; Amos Bw 
Miller, Jan. 3, 1859, to October, 1862 ; Edwin Mitchell, Oct. 31, 1862, to 
Jan 5, 1863 ; Josiah A. Harvey, Jan. 5, 1863, to Jan. 7, 1867 ; Cyrus C. 
Carpenter, Jan. 7, 1867, to January, 1871 ; Aaron Brown, January, 1871, to 
to January, 1875 ; David Secor, January, 1875, to . 

State Printers — Office created Jan. 3, 1840 — Garrett D. Palmer and 
George Paul, 1849; William H. Merritt, 1851 to 1853; William A. Hornish, 
1853 (resigned May 16, 1853); Mahoney & Dorr, 1853 to 1855; Peter 
Moriarty, 1855 to 3857; John Teesdale, 1857 to 1861; Francis W. Palmer, 
1861 to 1869; Frank M. Mills, 1869 to 1870; G. W. Edwards, 1870 to 
1872 ; R. P. Clarkson, 1872 to . 

Adjutants Creneral — Daniel S. Lee, 1851-5 ; Geo. W. McCleary, 1855-7 ; 
Elijah Sells, 1857 ; Jesse Bowen, 1857-61 ; Nathaniel Baker, 1861 to 1877 ; 
John H. Looby, 1877 to . 

Attorneys Greneral — David C. Cloud, 1853-56 ; Samuel A. Rice, 1856-60 ; 
Charles C. Nourse, 1861-4; Isaac L. Allen, 1865 (resigned January, 1866); 
Frederick E. Bissell, 1866 (died June 12, 1867); Henry O'Connor, 1867-72; 
Marsena E. Cutts, 1872-6; John F. McJunkin, 1877. 

Presidents of the Senate — Thomas Baker, 1846-7 ; Thomas Hughes, 
1848 ; John J. "Selman, 1848-9 ; Enos Lowe, 1850-1 ; William E. Leffing- 
well, 1852-3; Maturin L. Fisher, 1854-5; William W. Hamilton, 1856-7. 
Under the new Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor is President of the 
Senate. 

Speakers of the House — Jesse B. Brown, 1847-8; Smiley H. Bonhan, 
1849-50 ; George Temple, 1851-2 ; James Grant, 1853-4 ; Reuben Noble, 
1855-6 ; Samuel McFarland, 1856-7 ; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1858-9 ; John 
Edwards, 1860-1; Rush Clark, 1862-3; Jacob Butler, 1864-5; Ed. Wright, 
1866-7 ; John Russell, 1868-9 ; Avlett R. Cotton, 1870-1 ; James Wilson, 
1872-3 ; John H. Gear, 1874-7 ; John Y. Stone, 1878. 

JVew Constitutional Convention, 18o9 — Francis Springer, President ; Thos. 
J. Saunders, Secretary. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 225 

STATE OFFICERS, 1878. 

John H. Gear, Governor ; Frank T. Campbell, Lieutenant Governor ; Josiah 
T. Young, Secretary of State; Buren R. Sherman, Auditor of State; George 
W. Bemis, Treasurer of State; David Secor, Register of State Land Office; 
John H. Looby, Adjutant General; John F. McJunken, Attorney General; 
Mrs. Ada North, State Librarian ; Edward J. Holmes, Clerk Supreme Court ; 
John S. Runnells, Reporter Supreme Court; Carl W. Von Coelln, Superintend- 
ent Pubhc Instruction; Richard P. Clarkson, State Printer; Henry A. Perkins, 
State Binder; Prof. Nathan R. Leonard, Superintendent of Weights and 
Measures; William H. Fleming, Governor's Private Secretary; Fletcher W, 
Young, Deputy Secretary of State; John C. Parish, Deputy Auditor of State; 
Erastus G. Morgan, Deputy Treasurer of State; John M. Davis, Deputy Reg- 
ister Land Office ; L'a C. Kling, Deputy Superintendent Public Instruction. 

THE JUDICIARY. 

SUPREME COURT OF IOWA. 

Cliief Justices. — Charles Mason, resigned in June, 1847 ; Joseph Williams, 
Jan., 1847, to Jan., 1848; S. Clinton Hastings, Jan., 1848, to Jan., 1849; Joseph 
Williams, Jan., 1849, to Jan. 11, 1855; Geo. G. Wright, Jan. 11, 1855, to Jan., 
1860 ; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1860. to Jan. 1, 1862 ; Caleb Baldwin, Jan., 1862, to 
Jan., 1864; Geo. G. Wright, Jan., 1864, to Jan., 1866; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan., 1866, 
to Jan., 1868; John F. Dillon, Jan., 1868, to Jan., 1870; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 
1, 1870, to Jan. 1, 1871; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to Jan. 1, 1872; Joseph 
M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1874; W. E. Miller, Jan. 1, 1874, to Jan. 1, 
1876; Chester C. Cole, Jan. 1, 1876, to Jan. 1, 1877; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 
1877, to Jan. 1, 1878; James H. Rothrock, Jan. 1, 1878. 

Associate Judges. — Joseph Williams; Thomas S. Wilson, resigned Oct., 
1847; John F. Kinney, June 12, 1847, resigned Feb. 15, 1854; George 
Greene, Nov. 1, 1847, to Jan. 9, 1855; Jonathan C. Hall, Feb. 15, 1854, to 
succeed Kinney, resigned, to Jan., 1855; William G. Woodward, Jan. 9, 1855; 
Norman W. Isbell, Jan. 16, 1855, resigned 1856; Lacen D. Stockton, June 3, 
1856, to succeed Isbell, resigned, died June 9, 1860; Caleb Baldwin, Jan. 11, 
1860, to 1864; Ralph P. Lowe, Jan. 12, 1860; George G. Wright, June 26, 
1860, to succeed Stockton, deceased; elected U. S. Senator, 1870; John F. Dil- 
lon, Jan. 1, 1864, to succeed Baldwin, resigned, 1870; Chester C. Cole. March 
1, 1864, to 1877 ; Joseph M. Beck, Jan. 1, 1868 ; W. E. Miller, October 11, 
1864, to succeed Dillon, resigned; James G. Day, Jan. 1, 1871, to succeed 
Wright. 

SUPREME COURT, 1878. 

James H. Rothrock, Cedar County, Chief Justice; Joseph M. Beck, Lee 
County, Associate Justice ; Austin Adams, Dubuque County, Associate Justice ; 
William H. Seevers, Oskaloosa County, Associate Justice; James G. Day, Fre- 
mont County, Associate Justice. 

CONGRESSIONAL REPRESENTATION. 

UNITED STATES SENATORS. 

(The first General Assembly failed to elect Senators.) 

George W. Jones, Dubuque, Dec. 7, 1848-1858 ; Augustus C. Dodge, Bur- 
lington, Dec. 7, 1848-1855; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, Jan. 6, 1855-1865; 
James W. Grimes, Burlington, Jan. 26, 1858-died 1870 ; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 
Iowa City, elected Jan. 13, 1866, to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James 



226 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

Harlan ; James Harlan, Mt. Pleasant, March 4, 1866-1872 ; James B. Howell, 
Keokuk, elected Jan. 20, 1870, to fill vacancy caused by the death of J. W. 
Grimes — term expired March 3d ; George G. Wright, Des Moines, March 4, 
1871-1877 ; William B. Allison, Dubuque, March 4, 1872 ; Samuel J. Kirk- 
wood, March 4, 1877. 

MEMBERS OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Twenty-ninth Congress — 184-6 to 184-7. — S. Clinton Hastings ; Shepherd 
Leffler. 

Thirtieth Congress — 1847 to 1849. — First District, William Thompson ; 
Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirty-first Congress — 1849 to 1851. — First District, First Session, Wm. 
Thompson; unseated by the House of Representatives on a contest, and election 
remanded to the people. First District, Second Session, Daniel F. Miller. 
Second District, Shepherd Leffler. 

Thirty-second Congress — 1851 to 1853. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, Lincoln Clark. 

Thirty-third Congress — 185S to 1855. — First District, Bernhart Henn. 
Second District, John P. Cook. 

Thirty -fourth Congress — 1855 to 1857. — First District, Augustus Hall. 
Second District, James Thorington. 

Thirty-fifth Congress — 1857 to 1859.— Yirst District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, Timothy Davis. 

Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859 to 1861. — First District, Samuel R. Curtis. 
Second District, William Vandever. 

Thirty-seventh Congress — 1861 to 1863. — First District, First Session, 
Samuel R. Curtis.* First District, Second and Third Sessions, James F. Wil- 
son. Second District, William Vandever. 

Thirty-eighth Congress — 1863 to 1865. — First District, James F. Wilson. 
Second District, Hiram Price. Third District, William B. Allison. Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell. Fifth District, John A. Kasson. Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Thirty-ninth Congress — 1865 to 1867. — First District, James F. Wilson ; 
Second District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, Josiah B. Grinnell ; Fifth District, John A. Kasson ; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Fortieth Congress — 1867 to 1869. — First District, James F. Wilson ; Sec- 
ond District, Hiram Price ; Third District, William B. Allison, Fourth District, 
William Loughridge ; Fifth District, Grenville M. Dodge ; Sixth District, 
Asahel W. Hubbard. 

Forty-first Congress — 1869 to 1871. — First District, George W. McCrary ; 
Second District, William Smyth ; Third District, William B. Allison ; Fourth 
District, William Loughridge; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer; Sixth Dis- 
trict, Charles Pomeroy. 

Forty-second Congress— 187 1 to 1873.— Yw&i District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, W. G. Donnan ; 
Fourth District, Madison M. AValdon ; Fifth District, Frank W. Palmer ; Sixth 
District, Jackson Orr. 

Forty-third Congress — 1873 to 1875. — First District, George W. McCrary; 
Second District, Aylett R. Cotton ; Third District, William Y. Donnan ; Fourth 
District, Henry 0. Pratt ; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 

•■ Vacated seat by acceptance of commission as Brigadier General, and J. F. Wilson chosen his successor. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 229 

William Loughridge; Seventh District, John A, Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Ninth District, Jackson Orr, 

Forty-fourth Congr^.ss — 1875 to 1877. — First District, George W. Mc- 
Crary ; Second District, John Q. Tufts ; Third District, L. L. Ainsworth ; 
Fourth District, Henry 0. Pratt; Fifth District, James Wilson ; Sixth District, 
Ezekiel S. Sampson ; Seventh District, John A. Kasson ; Eighth District, 
James W. McDill ; Fifth District, Addison Oliver. 

Forty-fifth Congress — 1877 to 1879. — First District, J. C. Stone; Second 
District, Iliram Price ; Third District, T. W. Burdick ; Fourth District, H. C. 
Deering ; Fifth District, Rush Clark ; Sixth District, E. S. Sampson ; 
Seventh District, H. J. B, Cummings ; Eighth District, W. F. Sapp ; Ninth 
District, Addison Oliver. 

WAR RECORD. 

The State of Iowa may well be proud of her record during the War of the 
Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865. The following brief but comprehensive sketch of 
tiie history she made during that trying period is largely from the pen of Col. A. 
P. Wood, of Dubuque, the author of " The History of Iowa and the War," one 
of the best works of the kind yet written. 

" Whether in the promptitude of her responses to the calls made on her by 
the General Government, in the courage and constancy of her soldiery in the 
field, or in the wisdom and efficiency with wliich her civil administration was 
conducted during the trying period covered by the War of the Rebellion, Iowa 
proved herself the peer of any loyal State. The proclamation of her Governor, 
responsive to that of the President, calling for volunteers to compose her First 
Regiment, was issued on the fourth day after the fall of Sumtej. At the end 
of only a single Aveek, men enough >vere reported to be in quarters (mostly in 
the vicinity of their own homes) to fill the regiment. These, however, were 
hardly more than a tithe of the number who had been offered by company com- 
manders for acceptance under the President's call. So urgent were these offers 
that the Governor requested (on the 24th of April) permission to organize an 
additional regiment. While awaiting an answer to this request, he conditionally 
accepted a sufficient number of companies to compose two additional regiments. 
In a short time, he was notified that both of these would be accepted. Soon 
after the completion of the Second and Third Regiments (which was near the 
close of May), the Adjutant General of the State reported that upAvard of one 
hundred and seventy companies had been tendered to the Governor to serve 
against the enemies of the Union. 

" Much difficulty and considerable delay occured in fitting these regiments 
for the field. For the First Infantry a complete outfit (not uniform) of clothinof 
was extemporized — princij)ally by the volunteered labor of loyal women in the 
different towns — from material of various colors and qualities, obtained within 
the limits of the State. The s;ime Avas done in ])art for the Second Infantry. 
Meantime, an extra session of the General Assembly had been called by the 
Governor, to convene on the 15th of May. With but little delay, that body 
authorized a loan of ^800,000, to meet the extraordinary expenses incurred, and 
to be incurred, by the Executive Department, in consequence of the new emer- 
gency. A Avealthy merchant of the State (Ex-Governor Merrill, then a resident 
of McGregor) immediately took from the Governor a contract to supply a com- 
plete outfit of clothing for the three regiments organized, agreeing to receive, 
should the Governor so elect, his pay therefor in State bonds at par. This con- 



230 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

tract he executed to the letter, and a portion of the clothing (which was manu- 
factured in Boston, to his order) was delivered at Keokuk, the place at which 
the troops had rendezvoused, in exactly one month from the day on which the 
contract had been entered into. The remainder arrived only a few days later. 
This clothing was delivered to the regiment, but was subsequently condemned 
by the Government, for the reason that its color was gray, and blue had been 
adopted as the color to be worn by the national troops." 

Other States also clothed their troops, sent forward under the first call of 
President Lincoln, with gray uniforms, but it was soon found that the con- 
federate forces were also clothed in gray, and that color was at once abandoned 
by the Union troops. If both armies were clothed alike, annoying if not fatal 
mistakes were liable to be made. 

But while engaged in these efforts to discharge her whole duty in common Avith 
all the other Union-loving States in the great emergency, Iowa was compelled 
to make immediate and ample provision for the protection of her own borders, 
from threatened invasion on the south by the Secessionists of Missouri, and 
from danger of incursions from the west and northwest by bands of hostile 
Indians, who were freed from the usual restraint imposed upon them by the 
presence of regular troops stationed at the frontier posts. These troops were 
withdrawn to meet the greater and more pressing danger threatening the life of 
the nation at its very heart. 

To provide for the adequate defense of her borders from the ravages of both 
rebels in arms against the Government and of the more irresistible foes from 
the Western plains, the Governor of the State was authorized to raise and equip 
two regiments of infantry, a squadron of cavalry (not less than five companies) 
and a battalion of artillery (not less than three companies.) Only cavalry were 
enlisted for home defense, however, "but," says Col. Wood, "in times of special 
danger, or when calls were made by the Unionists of Northern Missouri for 
assistance against their disloyal enemies, large numbers of militia on foot often 
turned out, and remained in the field until the necessity for their services had 
passed. 

" The first order for the Iowa volunteers to move to the field was received 
on the 13th of June. It was issued by Gen. Lyon, then commanding the 
United States forces in Missouri. The First and Second Infiintry immediately 
embarked in steamboats, and moved to Hannibal. Some two weeks later, the 
Third Infantry was ordered to the same point. These three, together with 
many other of the earlier organized Iowa regiments, rendered their first field 
service in Missouri. The First Infantry formed a part of the little army with 
which Gen. Lyon moved on Springfield, and fought the bloody battle of Wilson's 
Creek. It received unqualified praise for its gallant bearing on the field. In 
the following month (September), the Third Iowa, with but very slight support, 
fought with honor the sanguinary engagement of Blue Mills Landing; and in 
November, the Seventh Iowa, as a part of a force commanded by Gen. Grant, 
greatly distinguished itself in the battle of Belmont, where it poured out its 
blood like water — losing more than half of the men it took into action. 

" The initial operations in which the battles referred to took place Avere fol- 
lowed by the more important movements led by Gen. Grant, Gen. Curtis, of 
this State, and other commanders, which resulted in defeating the armies 
defending the chief strategic lines held by the Confederates in Kentucky, Tenn- 
nessee, Missouri and Arkansas, and compelling their withdrawal from much of 
the territory previously controlled by them in those States. In these and other 
movements, down to the grand culminating campaign by which Vicksburg was 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 231 

captured and the Confederacy permanently severed on the line of the Mississippi 
River, Iowa troops took part in steadily increasing numbers. In the investment 
and siege of Vicksburg, the State was represented by thirty regiments and two 
batteries, in addition to which, eight regiments and one battery were employed 
on the outposts of the besieging yrmy. The brilliancy of their exploits on the 
many fields where they served won for them the highest meed of praise, both 
in military and civil circles. Multiplied Avere the terms in which expression 
was given to this sentiment, but these words of one of the journals of a neicfh- 
boring State, ' The Iowa troops have been heroes among heroes,' embody the 
spirit of all. 

" In the veteran re-enlistments that distinguished the closing months of 1863 
jibove all other periods in the history of re-enlistments for the national armies, 
the Iowa three years' men (who were relatively more numerous than those of any 
other State) were prompt to set the example of volunteering for another terra of 
equal length, thereby adding many thousands to the great army of those who 
gave this renewed and practical assurance that the cause of the Union should 
not be left without defenders. 

" In all the important movements of 1864-65, by which the Confederacy 
was penetrated in every quarter, and its military power finally overthrown, the 
Iowa troops took part. Their drum-beat was heard on the banks of every great 
river of the South, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and everywhere they 
rendered the same faithful and devoted service, maintaining on all occasions their 
wonted reputation for valor in the field and endurance on the march. 

" Two Iowa three-year cavalry regiments were employed during their whole 
terra of service in the operations that were in progress from 1863 to 1866 
against the hostile Indians of the western plains. A portion of these men were 
among the last of the volunteer troops to be mustered out of service. The State 
also supplied a considerable number of men to the navy, who took part in most 
of the naval operations prosecuted against the Confederate power on the Atlantic 
and Gulf coasts, and the rivers of the West. 

" The people of Iowa were early and constant workers in the sanitary field, 
and by their liberal gifts and personal efforts for the benefit of the soldiery, 
placed their State in the front rank of those who became distinguished for their 
exhibitions of patri(jtic benevolence during the period covered by the war. 
i\ gents appointed by the Governor were stationed at points convenient for ren- 
dering assistance to the sick and needy soldiers of the State, while others were 
employed in visiting, from time to time, hospitals, camps and armies in the field, 
and doing whatever the circumstances rendered possible for the health and 
comfort of such of the Iowa soldiery as might be found there. 

"Some of the benevolent people of the State early conceived the idea of 
establishing a Home for such of the children of deceased soldiers as might be 
left in destitute circumstances. This idea first took form in 1863, and in the 
following year a Plome was opened at Farmington, Van Buren County, in a 
building leased for that purpose, and which soon became filled to its utmost 
capacity. The institution received liberal donations from the general public, 
and also from the soldiers in the field. In 1865, it became necessary to pro- 
vide increased accommodations for the large number of cliildren who were 
seeking the benefits of its care. This was done by establishing a branch 
at Cedar Falls, in Black Hawk County, and by securing, during the same 
year, for the use of the parent Home, Camp Kinsman near the City of 
Davenport. This property was soon afterward donated to the institution, by 
act of Congress. 



232 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

" In 1866, in pursuance of a law enacted for that purpose, the Soldiers' 
Orphans' Home (which then contained about four hundred and fifty inmates) 
became a State institution, and thereafter the sums necessary for its support were 
appropriated from the State treasury. A second branch was established at 
Glenwood, Mills County. Convenient tracts were secured, and valuable improve- 
ments made at all the different points. Schools were also established, and em- 
ployments provided for such of the children as Avere of suitable age. In all 
ways the provision made for these wards of the State has been such as to chal- 
lenge the approval of every benevolent mind. The number of children who 
have been inmates of tlie Home from its foundation to the present time is 
considerably more than two thousand. 

" At the beginning of the war, the population of Iowa included about one 
hundred and fifty thousand men presumably liable to render military service. 
The State raised, for general service, thirty-nine regiments of infantry, nine 
regiments of cavalry, and four companies of artillery, composed of three years' 
men ; one regiment of infantry, composed of three months' men; and four regi- 
ments and one battalion of infantry, composed of one hundred days' men. The 
original enlistments in these various organizations, including seventeen hundred 
and twenty-seven men raised by draft, numbered a little more than sixty-nine 
thousand. The re-enlistments, including upward of seven thousand veterans, 
numbered very nearly eight thousand. The enlistments in the regular army 
and navy, and organizations of other States, will, if added, raise the total to 
upward of eighty thousand. The number of men who, under special enlistments, 
and as militia, took part at different times in the operations on the exposed 
borders of the State, was probably as many as five thousand. 

"• Iowa paid no bounty on account of the men she placed in the field. In 
some instances, toward the close of the war, bounty to a comparatively small 
amount was paid by cities and towns. On only one occasion — that of the call 
of July 18, 1864 — was a draft made in Iowa. This did not occur on account of 
her ])roper liability, as established by previous rulings of the War Department, 
to supply men under that call, but grew out of the great necessity that there 
existed for raising men. The Government insisted on temporarily setting aside, 
in part, the former rule of settlements, and enforcing a draft in all cases where 
subdistricts in any of the States should be found deficient in their supply of 
men. In no instance was Iowa, as a whole, found to be indebted to the General 
Government for men, on a settlement of her quota accounts." 

It is to be said to the lionor and credit of Iowa that while many of the loyal 
States, older and larger in population and wealth, incurred heavy State debts 
for the purpose of fulfilling their obligations to the General Government, Iowa, 
while she was foremost in duty, while she promptly discharged all her obligations 
to her sister States and the IJnion, found herself at the close of the Avar without 
any material addition to her pecuniary liabilities incurred before the war com- 
menced. Upon final settlement after the restoration of peace, her claims upon 
the Federal (lovernmcnt were found to be fully equal to the amount of hei- bonds 
issued and sold during the Avar to provide the means for raising and equipping 
her troops sent into the field, and to meet the inevitable demands upon her 
treasury in consequence of the war. 



HISTOtiY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 288 

INFANTRY. 

THE FIRST INFANTRY 

was organized under the President's first proclamation for volunteers for three 
months, with John Francis Bates, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; William H. Mer- 
ritt, of Cedar Rapids, as Lieutenant Colonel, and A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleas- 
ant, as Major. Companies A and C were from Muscatine County ; Company 
B, from Johnson County ; Companies D and E, from Des Moines County ; 
Company F, from Henry County; Company G, from Davenport; Companies 
H and I, from Dubuque, and Company K, from Linn County, and were mus- 
tered into LTnited States service May 14, 1861, at Keokuk. The above com- 
panies w^ere independent military organizations before the war, and tendered 
their services before breaking-out of hostilities. The First was engaged at the 
battle of Wilson's Creek, under Gen. Lyon, where it lost ten killed and fifty 
wounded. Was mustered out at St. Louis Aug. 25, 1861. 

THE SECOND INFANTRY 

was organized, with Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Jas. M. Tuttle, 
of Keosauqua, as Lieutenant Colonel, and M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, as 
Major, and was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk in May, 
1861. Company A was from Keokuk; Company B, from Scott County; Com- 
pany C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Des Moines ; Company E, from 
Fairfield, Jefferson Co. ; Company F, from Van Buren County ; Company G, 
from Davis County; Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from 
Clinton County ; and Company K, from Wapello County. It participated in the 
following engagements : Fort Donelson, Shiloh, advance on Corinth, Corinth, 
Little Bear Creek, Ala.; Tunnel Creek, Aln.; Resaca, Ga.; Rome Cross Roads, 
Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, in front of Atlanta, January 22, 
1864 ; siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Eden Station, Little Ogeechee, Savannah, 
Columbia, S. C. ; Lynch's Creek, and Bentonsville. Was on Sherman's march 
to the sea, and through the Carolinas home. The Second Regiment of Iowa 
Infantry A'eteran Volunteers was formed by the consolidation of the battalions 
of the Second and Third Veteran Infantry, and was mustered out at Louisville, 
Ky., July 12, 1865. 

THE THIRD INFANTRY 

was organized with N. G. Williams, of Dubuque County, as Colonel : John 
Scott, of Story County, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. N. Stone, of Marion County, 
Major, and was mustered into the United States service in May, 1861, at 
Keokuk. Company A was from Dubu((ue County ; Company B, from Marion 
County ; Company C, from Clayton County ; Company D, from Winneshiek 
County ; Company E, from Boone, Story, Marshall and Jasper Counties ; Com- 
pany F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from Warren County ; Company H, 
from Mahaska County ; Company I, from Floyd, Butler Black Hawk and 
Mitchell Counties, and Company K from Cedar Falls. It Avas engaged atBIu* 
Mills, Mo. ; Shiloh, Tenn. ; Hatchie River, Matamoras, Vicksburg, Johnson, 
Miss., Meridian expedition, and Atlanta, Atlanta campaign and Sherman's 
march to Savannah, and thi'ough the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington. 
The veterans of the Third Iowa Infimtry were consolidated with the Second, 
and mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 12, 1864. 



.234 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



THE FOURTH INFANTRY 



was organized with G. M. Dodge, of Coimcil Bluffs, as Colonel ; John 
Galligan, of Davenport, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. R. English, Glenwood, 
as Major. Company A, from Mills County, was mustered in at Jefferson Bar- 
racks, Missouri, August 15, 1861 ; Company B, Pottawattamie County, was 
mustered in at Council Bluffs, August 8, 186] ; Company C, Guthrie County, 
mustered in at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., May 3, 1861 ; Company D, Decatur 
County, at St. Louis, August 16th ; Company E, Polk County, at Council 
Bluffs, August 8th; Company F, Madison County, Jefferson Barracks, August 
15th ; Company G, Ringgold County, at Jefferson Barracks, August 15th ; 
Company H, Adams County, Jefferson Barracks, August 15th ; Company I. 
Wayne County, at St. Louis, August 31st; Company K, Taylor and Pago 
Counties, at St. Louis, August 31st. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Chickasaw 
Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Lookout Mountain, Missionary 
Ridge, Ringgold, Resaca, Taylor's Ridge; came home on veteran furlough 
February 26, 1864. Returned in April, and was in the campaign against 
Atlanta, and Sherman's march to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas 
to Washington and home. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, Julv 
24, 1865. 

THE FIFTH INFANTRY 

was organized with Wm. H. Worthington, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; C Z. Mat- 
thias, of Burlington, as Lieutenant Colonel ; W. S. Robertson, of Columbus City, 
as Major, and was mustered into the United States service, at Burlington, July 
15, 1861. Company A was from Cedar County; Company B, from Jasper 
County ; Company C, from Louisa County; Company D, from Marshall County ; 
Company E, from Buchanan County ; Company F, from Keokuk County ; Com- 
pany G, from Benton County ; Company IT, from Van Buren County ; Company 
I, from Jackson County ; Company K, from Allamakee County ; was engaged at 
New Madrid, siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Champion Hills, siege of Vicks- 
burg, Chickamauga: went home on veteran furlough, April, 1864. The non- 
veterans went home July, 1864, leaving 180 veterans who were transferred to 
the Fifth Iowa Cavalry. The Fifth Cavalry was mustered out at Nashville, 
Tennessee, Aug. 11, 1865. 

THE SIXTH INFANTRY. 

was mustered into the service July 6, 1861, at Burlington, with John A. 
McDowell, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Markoe Cummins, of Muscatine, Lieuten- 
ant Colonel ; John M. Corse, of Burlington, Major. Company A was from 
Linn County; Company B, from Lucas and Clarke Counties; Company C, 
from Hardin County ; Company D, from Appanoose County ; Company E, 
from Monroe County ; Company F, from Clarke County ; Company G, from 
Johnson County ; Company H, from Lee County ; Company I, from Des 
Moines County ; Company K, from Henry County. It was engaged at Shiloh, 
Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Jackson, Black 
River Bridge, Jones' Ford, etc., etc. The Sixth lost 7 officers killed in action, 18 
wounded ; of enlisted men 102 were killed in action, 30 died of wounds, 124 of 
disease, 211 were discharged for disability and 301 were wounded in action, 
whioh was the largest list of casualties, of both officers and men, of any reg- 
iment from Iowa. Was mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 21, 1865. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 235 

THE SEVENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Burlington, July 24, 1861, 
with J. G. Lauman, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Augustus Wentz, of Daven- 
port, as Lieutenant Colonel, and E. W. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Chickasaw and Floyd 
Counties ; Company C, from Mahaska County ; Companies D and E, from Lee 
County ; Company F, from Wapello County ; Company G, from Iowa County ; 
Company H, from Washington County ; Company I, from Wapello County ; 
Company K, from Keokuk. Was engaged at the battles of Belmont (in which 
it lost in killed, wounded and missing 237 men), Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, 
Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, 'Nevf Hope 
Church, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a-Jack Creek, siege of Atlanta, 
battle on 22d of July in front of Atlanta, Sherman's campaign to the ocean, 
through the Carolinas to Richmond, and thence to Louisville. Was mustered 
out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 12, 1865. 

THE EIGHTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the L'nited States service Sept. 12, 1861, at Davenport, 
Iowa, with Frederick Steele, of the regular army, as Colonel ; James L. Geddes, 
of Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. C. Ferguson, of Knoxville, as Major. 
Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott County ; 
Company C, from Washington County ; Company D, from Benton and Linn 
Counties ; Company E, from Marion County ; Company F, from Keokuk 
County; Company G, from Iowa and Johnson Counties; Company H. from 
Mahaska County ; Company I, from Monroe County ; Company K, from Lou- 
isa County. Was engaged at the following battles : Shiloh (where most of the 
regiment were taken prisoners of war), Corinth, Vicksburg, Jackson and Span- 
ish Fort. Was mustered out of the IJnited States service at Selma, Alabama, 
April 20, 1866. 

THE NINTH INFANTRY" 

was mustered into the United States service September 24, 1861, at Dubuque, 
with Wm. Vandever, of Dubuque, Colonel ; Frank G. Herron, of Dubuque, 
Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. H. Coyle, of Decorah, Major. Company A was 
from Jackson County ; Company B, from Jones County ; Company C, from Bu- 
chanan County; Company D, from Jones County; Company E, from Clayton 
County ; Company F, from Fayette County ; Company G, from Black Hawk 
County ; Company H, from Winneshiek County ; Company I, from Howard 
County and Company K, from Linn County. Was in the following engage- 
ments : Pea Ridge, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, 
Ringgold, Dallas, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta campaign, Sherman's march to 
the sea, and through North and South Carolina to Richmond. Was mustered 
out at Louisville, July 18, 1865. 

THE TENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Iowa City September 6, 1861, 
with Nicholas Perczel, of Davenport, as Colonel ; W. E. Small, of Iowa City, 
as Lieutenant Colonel ; and John C. Bennett, of Polk County, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Polk County ; Company B, from Warren County ; Company 
C, from Tama County ; Company D, from Boone County ; Company E, from 
Washington County ; Company F, from Poweshiek County ; Company G, from 



236 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOAVA. 

Warren County ; Company H, from Greene County ; Company I, from Jasper 
County ; Company K, from Polk and Madison Counties. Participa'^ed in the 
following engagements : Siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Port Gibson, Ray- 
mond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Vicksburg and Mission Ridge. In Septem- 
ber, 1864, the non-veterans being mustered out, the veterans were transferred 
to the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, where will be found their future operations. 

THE ELEVENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, in September 
and October, 1861, with A. M. Hare, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Jno. C. Aber- 
crombie, as Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. Hall, of Davenport, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Muscatine ; Company B, from Marshall and Hardin Counties ; 
Company C, from Louisa County ; Company D, from Muscatine County ; Com- 
pany E, from Cedar County ; Company F, from Washington County ; Company 
G, from Henry County ; Company H, from Muscatine County ; Company I 
from Muscatine County ; Company K, from Linn County. Was engaged in the 
battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, Atlanta cam- 
naign, battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864. Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., 
July 15, 1865. 

THE TWELFTH INFANTRY 

Avas mustered into the United States service November 25, 1861, at Dubuque, 
with J. J. Wood, of Maquoketa, as Colonel ; John P. Coulter, of Cedar Rapids, 
Lieutenant Colonel ; Samuel D. Brodtbeck, of Dubucjue, as Major. Company 
A was from Hardin County ; Company B, from Allamakee County ; Company C, 
from Fayette County; Company D, from Linn County ; Company E, from Black 
Hawk County ; Company F, from Delaware County ; Company G, from Winne- 
shiek County ; Company H, from Dubuque and Delaware Counties ; Company 
I, from Dubuque and Jackson Counties ; Company K, from Delaware County. 
It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, where most of the regiment was 
captured, and those not captured were organized in what was called the Union 
Brigade, and were in the battle of Corinth ; the prisoners were exchanged 
November 10, 1862, and the regiment re-organized, and then participating in 
the siege of Vicksburg, battle of Tupelo, Miss.; White River, Nashville and 
Spanish Fort. The regiment was mustered out at Memphis, January 20, 1866. 

THE THIRTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered in November 1, 1861, at Davenport, with M. M. Crocker, of Des 
Moines, as Colonel ; M. M. Price, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel ; John 
Shane, Vinton, Major. Company A was from Mt. Vernon ; Company B, from 
Jasper County ; Company C, from Lucas County ; Company D, from Keokuk 
County ; Company E, from Scott County ; Company F, from Scott and Linn 
Counties ; Company G, from Benton County ; Company H, from Marshall County ; 
Company I, from Washington County ; Company K, from Washington County. 
It participated in the following engagements : Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Corinth, 
Kenesaw Mountain, siege of Vicksburg, Campaign against Atlanta. Was on 
Sherman's march to the sea, and through North and South Carolina. Was 
mustered out at Louisville July 21, 1865. 

THE FOURTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered in the United States service October, 1861, at Davenport, with 
Wm. T. Shaw, of Anamosa, as Colonel ; Edward W. Lucas, of Iowa City, as 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF lOV^. 237 

Lieutenant Colonel; Hiram Leonard, of Des Moines County, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Scott County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Company 
D, from Henry and Van Buren Counties ; Company E, from Jasper Countv ; 
Company F, from Van Buren and Henry Counties ; Company G, from Tama and 
Scott Counties ; Company H, from Linn County ; Company I, from Henry 
County ; Company K, from Des Moines County. Participated in the follow- 
ing engagements : Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth (where most of the regiment 
were taken prisoners of war), Pleasant Hill, Meridian, Ft. De Russey, Tupelo, 
Town Creek, Tallahatchie, Pilot Knob, Old Town, Yellow Bayou, etc., etc., 
and was mustered out, except veterans and recruits, at Davenport, Iowa, No- 
vember 16, 1864. 

THE FIFTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the L^nited States service March 19, 1862, at Keokuk, with 
Hugh T. Reid, of Keokuk, as Colonel ; Wm. Dewey, of Fremont County, as 
Lieutenint Colonel ; W. W. Belknap, of Keokuk, as Major. Company A was 
from Linn County; Company B, from Polk County; Company C. from Mahaska 
County ; Company D, from Wapello County ; Company E, from Van Buren 
County; Company F, from Fremont and Mills Counties; Company G, from 
Marion and Warren Counties ; Company H, from Pottawattamie and Harrison 
Counties; Company I, from Lee, Van Buren and Clark Counties; Company K, 
from Wapello, Van Buren and Warren Counties. Participated in the battle of 
Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Corinth, Vicksburg, campaign against At- 
lanta, battle in front of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and was under fire during 
the siege of Atlanta eighty-one days; was on Sherman's march to the sea, and 
through the Carolinas to Richmond, Washington and Louisville, where it was 
mustered out, August 1, 1864. 

THE SIXTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Davenport, Iowa, December 10, 

1861, with Alexander Chambers; of the regular army, as Colonel; A. H. 
Sanders, of Davenport, Lieutenant Colonel ; Wm. Purcell, of Muscatine, 
Major. Company A was from Clinton County ; Company B, from Scott 
County ; Company C, from Muscatine County ; Company D, from Boone County ; 
Company E, from Muscatine County ; Company F, from Muscatine, Clinton and 
Scott Counties; Company G, from Dubuque County; Company H, from Du- 
buque and Clayton Counties ; Company I, from Black Hawk and Linn Counties ; 
Company K, from Lee ar d Muscatine Counties. Was in the battles of Shiloh, 
siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Nick-a- Jack Creek, battles 
around Atlanta; was in Sherman's campaigns, and the Carolina campaigns. 
Was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July lU, 1865. 

THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in March and April, 

1862, with Jno. W. Rankin, of Keokuk, Colonel ; D. B. Hillis, of Keokuk, 
as Lientenant Colonel; Samuel M. Wise, of Mt. Pleasant, Major. Company 
A was from Decatur County; Company B, from Lee County; Company C, 
from Van Buren, Wapello and Lee Counties ; Company D, from Des Moines, 
Van Buren and Jefferson Counties; Company E, from Wapello County; Com- 
pany F, from Appanoose County ; Company G, from Marion County ; Com- 
pany H, from Marion and Pottawattamie Counties; Company I, from Jefferson 
and Lee Counties; Company K, from Lee and Polk Counties. They were in 



238 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

the following engagements : Siege of Corinth, luka, Corinth, Jackson, Cham- 
pion Hills, Fort Hill, siege of A^icksburg, Mission Ridge, and at Tilton, Ga., 
Oct. 13, 1864, most of the regiment were taken prisoners of war. Was mus- 
tered out at Louisville, Ky., July 25, 1865. 

THE EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service August 5, 6 and 7, 1862, at Clin- 
ton, with John Edwards, of Chariton, Colonel ; T. Z. Cook, of Cedar Rapids, 
Lieutenant Colonel ; Hugh J. Campbell, of Muscatine, as Major. Company 
A, Avas from Linn and various other counties ; Company B, from Clark County ; 
Company C, from Lucas County; Company D, from Keokuk and Wapello 
Counties; Company E, from Muscatine County; Company F, from Appanoose 
County; Company G, from Marion and Warren Counties; Company H, from 
Fayette and Benton Counties; Company I, from Washington County; Com- 
pany K, from Wapello, Muscatine and Henry Counties, and was engaged in 
the battles of Springfield, Moscow, Poison Spring, Ark., imd was mustei'ed out 
at Little Rock, Ark., July 20, 1865. 

THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service August 17, 1862, at Keokuk, with 
Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, as Colonel ; Samuel McFarland, of Mt. Pleas- 
ant, Lieutenant Colonel, and Daniel Kent, of Ohio, Major. Company A was 
from Lee and Van Buren Counties ; Company B, from Jefferson County ; Com- 
pany C, from Washington County; Company D, from Jefferson County; Com- 
pany E, from Lee County; Company F, from Louisa County; Company G, 
from Louisa County; Company H, from Van Buren County; Company I, from 
Van Buren County*^; Company K, from Henry County. Was engaged a Prairie 
Grove, Vicksburg, Yazoo River expedition. Sterling Farm, September 29, 1863, 
at which place they surrendered ; three officers and eight enlisted men were 
killed, sixteen enlisted men were wounded, and eleven officers and two hundred 
and three enlisted men taken prisoners out of five hundred engaged; they 
were exchanged July 22d, and joined their regiment August 7th, at New Or- 
leans. Was engaged at Spanish Fort. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 
10, 1865. 

THE TWENTIETH INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service August 25, 1862, at Clinton, with 
Wm, McE. Dye, of Marion, Linn Co., as Colonel ; J. B. Leek, of Davenport, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, and Wm. G. Thompson, of Marion, Linn Co., as Major. 
Companies A, B, F, H and I were from Linn County ; Companies C, D, E, G 
and K, from Scott County, and was engaged in the following battles: Prairie 
Grove, and assault on Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Mobile, Ala., July 
8, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY 

was mustered into the service at Clinton in June and August, 1862, with 
Samuel Merrill (late Governor of Iowa) as Colonel ; Charles W. Dunlap, of 
Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. G. VanAnda, of Delhi, as Major. Com- 
pany A was from Mitchell and Black Hawk Counties ; Company B, from 
Clayton County ; Company C, from Dubuque County ; Company D, from 
Clayton County ; Company E, from Dubuque County ; Company F, from Du- 
buque County; Company G, from Clayton County; Company H, from Dela- 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 239 

ware County ; Company 1, from Dubuque County ; Company K, from Delaware 
County, and was in the following engagements : Hartsville, Mo. ; Black River 
Bridge, Fort Beauregard, was at the siege of Vicksburg, Mobile, Fort Blakely, 
and was mustered out at Baton Rouge, La., July 15, 1865. 

THE T^YENTY-SECOND INFANTRY 

was mustered into the United States service Sept. 10, 1862, at Iowa City, with 
Wm. M. Stone, of Knoxville (since Governor of Iowa), as Colonel ; Jno. A. 
Garrett, of Newton, Lieutenant Colonel ; and Harvey Graham, of Iowa City, 
as Major. Company A was from Johnson County ; Company B, Johnson 
County ; Company C, Jasper County ; Company D, Monroe County ; Company 
E, Wapello County ; Company F, Johnson Count v ; Company G, Johnson 
County ; Company H, Johnson County ; Company I, Johnson County ; Com- 
pany K, Johnson County. Was engaged at Vicksburg, Thompson's Hill, Cham- 
pion Hills, Sherman's campaign to Jackson, at Winchester, in Shenandoah Val- 
ley, losing 109 men, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Mustered out at Savannah, 
Ga., July 25, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY 

was mustered into United States service at Des Moines, Sept. 19, 1862, with 
William Dewey, of Sidney, as Colonel; W. H. Kinsman, of Council Bluifs, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, and S. L. Glasgow, of Corydon, as Major. Companies 
A, B and C, were from Polk County; Company D, from Wayne County; Com- 
pany E, from Pottawattamie County; Company F, from Montgomery County; 
Company G, from Jasper County; Company H, from Madison County; Com- 
pany I, from Cass County, and Company K, from Marshall County. Was in 
Vicksburg, and engaged at Port Gibson, Black River, Champion Hills, Vicks- 
burg, Jackson, Milliken's Bend, Fort Blakely, and was mustered out at Harris- 
burg, Texas, July 26, 1865 

THE TWENTY-FOURTH 

was mustered into United States service at Muscatine, September 18, 1862, 
with Eber C. Byam, of Mount Vernon, as Colonel; John Q. Wilds, of Mount 
Vernon, as Lieutenant Colonel, arid Ed. Wright, of Springdale, as Major. 
Company A was from Jackson and Clinton Counties ; Companies B and C, 
from Cedar County; Company D, from Washington, Johnson and Cedar 
Counties; Company E, from Tama County; Companies F, G and H, from 
Linn County ; Company I, from Jackson County, and Company K, from Jones 
County. Was engaged at Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Gen. Banks' Red 
River expedition, Winchester and Cedar Creek. Was mustered out at Savan- 
nah, Ga., July 17, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 

was organized with George A. Stone, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; Fabian 
Brydolf as Lieutenant Colonel, and Calom Taylor, of Bloomfield, as Major, 
and was mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant, September 27, 
1862. Companies A and I were from Washington County; Companies B and 
H, from Henry County ; Company C, from Henry and Lee Counties ; Com- 
panies D, E and G, from Des Moines County ; Company F, from Louisa 
County, and Company K, from Des Moines and Lee Counties. Was engaged 
at Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Walnut Bluff, Chattanooga, Campain, Ring- 



240 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

gold, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, battles around Atlanta, Love- 
joy Station, Jonesboro, Ship's Gap, Bentonville, and on Sherman's march 
through Georgia and the Carolinas, to Richmond and Washington. Was 
mustered out at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-SIXTH 

was organized and musterfd in at Clinton, in August, 1862, with Milo Smith, 
of Clinton, as Colonel ; S. G. Magill, of Lyons, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
Samuel Clark, of De Witt, as Major. Company A was from Clinton and 
Jackson Counties ; Company B, from Jackson County ; Companies C, D, E, 
F, G, H, I and K, from Clinton County. Was engaged at Arkansas Post, 
Vicksburg, Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, De- 
catur, siege of Atlanta, Ezra Church, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Ship's Gap, 
Sherman's campaign to Savannah, went through the Carolinas, and was mus- 
tered out of service at Washington, D. C, June 6, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-SEVENTH 

was mustered into United States service at Dubuque, Oct. 3, 1862, with James 
I. Gilbert, of Lansing, as Colonel ; Jed Lake, of Independence, as Lieutenant 
Colonel ; and G. W. Howard, of Bradford, as Major. Companies A, B and I 
were from Allamakee County ; Companies C and H, from Buchanan County ; 
Companies D and E, from Clayton County ; Company F, from Delaware 
County ; Company G, from Floyd and Chickasaw Counties, and Company K, 
from Mitchell County. Engaged at Little Rock, Ark., was on Red River ex- 
pedition. Fort De Russey, Pleasant Hill, Yellow Bayou, Tupelo, Old Town 
Creek and Fort Blakely. Was mustered out at Clinton, lov/a, Aug. 8, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-EIGHTH 

was organized at Iowa City, and mustered in Nov. 10, 1862, with William E. 
Miller, of Iowa City, as Colonel ; John Connell, of Toledo, as Lieutenant Colonel, 
and H. B. Lynch, of Millersburg, as Major. Companies A and D were 
from Benton County ; Companies B and G, from Iowa County ; Companies 
C, H and I, from Poweshiek County ; Company E, from Johnson County ; 
Company F, from Tama County, and Company K, from Jasper County. Was 
engaged at Port Gibson, Jackson and siege of Vicksburg ; was on Banks' Red 
River expedition, and engaged at Sabine Cross Roads ; was engaged in Shen- 
andoah Valley, Va., and engaged at Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. 
Was mustered out of service at Savannah, Ga., July 31, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-NINTH 

was organized at Council Bluffs, and mustered into the United States service 
December 1, 1862, Avith Thomas H. Benton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, as Colonel ; 
R. F. Patterson, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Charles B. Shoe- 
maker, of Clarinda, as Major. Company A was from Pottawattamie County ; 
Company B, from Pottawattamie and Mills Counties ; Comnany C, from Harrison 
County; Company D, from Adair and Adams Counties, Company E, from 
Fremont County ; Company F, from Taylor County ; Company G, from Ring- 
gold County. Was engaged at Helena, Arkansas and Spanish Fort. Was 
mustered out at New Orleans August 15, 1865. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 241 



THE THIRTIETH INFANTRY 



was organized at Keokuk, and mustered into the United States service September 
23, 1862, with Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, as Colonel ; Wm. M. G. Tor- 
rence, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and Lauren Dewey, of Mt. Pleasant, as 
Major. Companies A and I were from Lee County ; Company B, from Davis 
County ; Company C, from Des Moines County ; Company D, from Van Buren 
County ; Companies E and K from Washington County ; Company F, from 
Davis County ; and Companies G and H, from Jefferson County. Was 
engaged at Arkansas Post, Yazoo City, Vieksburg, Cherokee, Ala., Ringgold, 
Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station, Jonesboro, Taylor's 
Ridge; was in Sherman's campaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas to 
Richmond ; was in the grand review at Washington, D. C, where it was mus- 
tered out June 5, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY 

was mustered into the service at Davenport October 13, 1862, with William 
Smyth, of Marion, as Colonel ; J. W. Jenkins, of Maquoketa, as Lieutenant 
Colonel; and Ezekiel Cutler, of Anamosa, as Major. Company A was from 
Linn County; Companies B, C and D, from Black Hawk County; Companies 
E, G and H, from Jones County; Companies F, I and K, from Jackson County. 
Was engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Raymond, Jackson, Black 
River, Vieksburg, Cherokee, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, 
Taylor's Hills, Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big 
Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro ; was in Sherman's campaign 
through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ken- 
tucky, June 27, 1865 

THE THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY 

was organized at Dubuque, with John Scott, of Nevada, as Colonel ; E. H. 
Mix, of Shell Rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. A. Eberhart, of Waterloo, 
as Major. Company A was from Hamilton, Hardin and Wright Counties ; 
Company B, from Cerro Gordo County ; Company C, from Black Hawk 
County ; Company D, from Boone County; Company E, from Butler County; 
Company F, from Hardin County; Company G, from Butler and Floyd Coun- 
ties ; Company H, from Franklin County ; Company I, from Webster County, 
and Company K, from Marshall and Polk Counties, and was mustered into 
the United States service October 5, 1862. Was engaged at Fort De Russey, 
Pleasant Hill, Tupelo, Old Town Creek, Nashville, etc., and was mustered out 
of the United States service at Clinton, Iowa, Aug. 24, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY 

was organized at Oskaloosa, with Samuel A. Rice, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel ; 
Cyrus H. Maskey, of Sigourney, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Hiram D. Gibson, 
of Knoxville, as Major. Companies A and I were from Marion County; Com- 
panies B, F and H, from Keokuk County ; Companies C, D, E and K, from 
Makaska County, and Company G, from Marion, Makaska and Polk Counties, 
and mustered in October 1, 1862. Was engaged at Little Rock, Helena, Sa- 
line River, Spanish Fort and Yazoo Pass. VVas mustered out at New Orleans, 
July 17, 1865. 



242 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



THE THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY 

was organized with George W. Clark, of Indianola, as Colonel ; W. S. Dungan, 
of Chariton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and R. D. Kellogg, of Decatur County, as 
Major, and mustered in at Burlington, October 15, 1862. Companies A and I 
were from Decatur County ; Companies B, C and D, from Warren County ; Com- 
pany E, from Lucas County; Company F, from Wayne County; Company G, 
from Lucas and Clark Counties ; Company H, from Madison and Warren 
Counties, and Company K, from Lucas County. Was engaged at Arkansas 
Post, Ft. Gaines, etc., etc. Was consolidated with the Thirty-eighth Infantry, 
January 1, 1865, and mustered out at Houston, Texas, August 15, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 

was organized at Muscatine, and mustered in the United States service Sep- 
tember 18, 1862, with S. G. Hill, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; James H. Roth- 
rock, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Henry 0' Conner, of Muscatine, as Major. 
Companies A, B, C, D and E, were from Muscatine County; Company F, 
from Muscatine and Louisa Counties ; Companies G, H and I, from Muscatine 
and Cedar Counties, and Company K, from Cedar County. Participated in 
the battles of Jackson, siege of Vicksburg, Bayou Rapids, Bayou de Glaze, 
Pleasant Hill, Old River Lake, Tupelo, Nashville, etc. Was mustered out at 
Davenport, August 10, 1865. 



THE THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY 

was organized at Keokuk, with Charles W. Kittredge, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; 
F. M. Drake, of Unionville, Appanoose County, as Lieutenant Colonel, and T. 

C. Woodward, of Ottumwa, as Major, and mustered in October 4, 1862 ; Com- 
pany A was from Monroe County ; Companies B, D, E, H and K, from 
Wapello County, and Companies C, F, G and I, from Appanoose County. 
Was engaged in the following battles : Mark's Mills, Ark. ; Elkins' Ford, 
Camden, Helena, Jenkins' Ferry, etc. At Mark's Mills, April 25, 1864, out 
of 500 engaged, lost 200 killed and wounded, the balance being taken prisoners 
of war ; was exchanged October 6, 1864. Was mustered out at Duvall's Bluff. 
Ark.j August 24, 1865. 

THE THIRY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (OR GRAY BEAKDSy 

was organized with Geo. W. Kincaid, of Muscatine, as Colonel ; Geo. R. West, 
of Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel, and Lyman Allen, of Iowa City, as Major, 
and was mustered into United States service at Muscatine December 15, 1862. 
Company A was from Black Hawk and Linn Counties; Company B, from 
Muscatine County ; Company C, from Van Buren and Lee Counties ; Comj)any 

D, from Johnson and Iowa Counties ; Company E, from Wapello and Maliaska 
Counties ; Company F, from Dubuque County ; Company G, from Appanoose, 
Des Moines, Henry and Washington Counties ; Company H, from Henry and 
Jefferson Counties ; Company I, from Jasper, Linn and other counties, and 
Company K, from Scott and Fayette Counties. The object of the Thirty- 
seventh was to do garrison duty and let the young men go to the front. It was 
mustered out at Davenport on expiration of three years' service. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 243 



THE THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY 

was organized at Dubuque, and mustered in November 4, 1862, with D. H. 
Hughes, of Decorah, as Colonel ; J. 0. Hudnutt, of Waverly, as Lieutenan, 
Colonel, and Charles Chadwick, of West Union, as Major. Companies A, Ft 
G and H were from Fayette County ; Company B, from Bremer County ; Com- 
pany C, from Chickasaw County ; Companies D, E and K, from Winneshiek 
County, and Company I, from Howard County. Participated in the siege of 
Vicksburg, Banks' Red River expedition, and on December 12, 1864, was 
consolidated with the Thirty-fourth Infantry. Mustered out at Houston, Texas. 
August 15, 1865. 

THE THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY 

was organized with H. J. B. Cummings, of Winterset, as Colonel ; James Red- 
field, of Redfield, Dallas County, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and J. M. Griflfiths, 
of Des Moines, as Major. Companies A and F were from Madison County ; 
Companies B and I, from Polk County ; Companies C and H, from Dallas 
County; Company D, from Clark County; Company E, from Greene County; 
Company G, from Des Moines and Henry Counties ; and Company K, from 
Clark and Decatur Counties. Was engaged at Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn.; 
Corinth, Allatoona, Ga.; Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Sherman's march 
to Savannah and through the Carolinas to Richmond, and was mustered out at 
Washington June 5, 1865. 

THE FORTIETH INFANTRY 

was organized at Iowa City November 15, 1862, with John A. Garrett, of 
Newton, as Colonel; S. F. Cooper, of Grinnell, as Lieutenant Colonel; and 
S. G. Smith, of Newton, as Major. Companies A and H were from Marion 
County; Company B, from Poweshiek County; Company C, from Mahaska 
County; Companies D and E, from Jasper County; Company F, from Ma- 
haska and Marion Counties ; Company G, from Marion County ; Company I, 
from Keokuk County; and Company K, from Benton and other counties. Par- 
ticipated in the siege of Vicksburg, Steele's expedition, Banks' Red River 
expedition, Jenkins' Ferry, etc. Was mustered out at Port Gibson August 2, 
1866. 

THE FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY, 

formerly Companies A, B and C of the Fourteenth Infantry, became Compa- 
nies K, L and M of the Seventh Cavalry, under authority of the War Depart- 
ment. Its infantry organization was under command of John Pattee, of Iowa 
City. Company A was from Black Hawk, Johnson and other counties; Com- 
pany B, from Johnson County ; and Company C, from Des Moines and various 
counties. 

THE FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered in June 1, 1864. Company A was 
from Dubuque County ; Company B, Muscatine County ; Company C, Jones, 
Linn and Dubuque Counties; Company D, Johnson and Linn Counties ; Com- 
pany E, Bremer and Butler Counties ; Company F, Clinton and Jackson 
Counties ; Company G, Marshall and Hardin Counties ; Company H, Boone 
and Polk Counties ; Companies I and K, Scott County. The Forty-fourth 
did garrison duty at Memphis and La Grange, Tenn. Mustered out at Daven- 
port, September 15, 1864. 



244 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

THE FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was mustered in at Keokuk, May 25, 1864, with A. H. Bereman, of Mount 
Pleasant, as Colonel ; S. A. Moore, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
J. B. Hope, of Washington, as Major. The companies were from the following 
counties : A, Henry ; B, Washington ; C, Lee ; D, Davis ; E, Henry and 
Lee ; F, Des Moines ; G, Des Moines and Henry ; H, Henry ; I, Jefferson, 
and K, Van Buren. Was mustered out at Keokuk, September 16, 1864. 

THE FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was organized with D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, as Colonel ; L. D. Durbin, 
of Tipton, as Lieutenant Colonel, and G. L. Tarbet, as Major, and was mus- 
tered in at Dubuque, June 10, 1864. Company A was from Dubuque; Com- 
pany B, from Poweshiek ; C, from Dallas and Guthrie ; D, from Taylor and 
Fayette; E, from Ringgold and Linn ; F, from Winneshiek and Delaware ; G, 
from Appanoose and Delaware ; H, from Wayne ; I, from Cedar, and K, from 
Lucas. Was mustered out at Davenport, [September 23, 1864. 

THE FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY (100 DAYS) 

was mustered into United States service at Davenport, June 4, 1864, with 
James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, as Colonel; John Williams, of Iowa City, as 
Lieutenant Colonel, and G. J. Wright, of Des Moines, as Major. Company 
A was from Marion and Clayton Counties; Company B, from Appanoose 
County; Company C, from Wapello and Benton Counties; Company B, from 
Buchanan and Linn Counties; Company E, from Madison County; Company 
F, from Polk County ; Company G, from Johnson County ; Company H, from 
Keokuk County; Company I, from Mahaska County, and Company K, from 
Wapello. 

THE FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY' BATTALION — (100 DAY'S) 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered in July 13, 1864, with 0. H. P. 
Scott, of Farmington, as Lieutenant Colonel. Company A was from Warren 
County; Company B, from Jasper County; Company C, from Decatur County, 
and Company D, from Des Moines and Lee Counties, and was mustered out at 
Rock Island Barracks Oct. 21, 1864. 

CAVALRY. 

THE FIRST CAVALRY 

was organized at Burlington, and mustered into the United States service May 
3, 1861, with Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, as Colonel ; Chas. E. Moss, 
of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and E. W. Chamberlain, of Burlington, 
James 0. Gower, of Iowa City, and W. M. G. Torrence, of Keokuk, as Majors. 
Company A Avas from Lee, Van Buren and Wapello Counties ; Company B, 
from Clinton County ; Company C, from Des Moines and Lee Counties ; Com- 
pany D, from Madison and \Varren Counties; Company E, from Henry 
County ; Company F, from Johnson and Linn Counties ; Company G, from 
Dubuque and Black Hawk Counties; Company H, from Lucas and Morrison 
Counties ; Company I, from Wapello and Des Moines Counties ; Company K. 
from Allamakee and Clayton Counties ; Company L, from Dubuque and other 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 245 

counties ; Company M, from Clinton County . It was engaged at Pleasant 
Hill, Mo.; Rolla, New Lexington, Elkins' Ford, Little Rock, Bayou Metoe, 
Warrensburg, Big Creek Bluffs, Antwineville, Clear Creek, etc. Was mustered 
out at Austin, Texas, February 15, 1866. 

THE SECOND CAVALRY 

was organized with W. L. Elliott, of the regular army, as Colonel ; Edward 
Hatch, of Muscatine, as Lieutenant Colonel; and N. P. Hepburn, of Marshall- 
town, D. E. Coon, of Mason City, and H. W. Love, of Iowa City, as Majors, 
and was mustered into the United States service at Davenport September 1, 
1861. Company A was from Muscatine County ; Company B, from Marshall 
County ; Company C, from Scott County ; Company D, from Polk County ; 
Company E, from Scott County; Company F, from Hamilton and Franklin 
Counties ; Company G, from Muscatine County ; Company H, from Johnson 
County ; Company I, from Cerro Gordo, Delaware and other counties ; Com- 
pany K, from Des Moines County ; Company L, from Jackson County, and 
Company M, from Jackson County. The Second Cavalry participated in the 
following military movements : Siege of Corinth, battles of Farmington, Boone- 
ville, Rienzi, luka, Corinth, Coffeeville, Palo Alto, Birmingham, Jackson, 
Grenada, Collierville, Moscow, Pontotoc, Tupelo, Old Town, Oxford, and en- 
gagements against Hood's march on Nashville, battle of Nashville, etc. Was 
mustered out at Selma, Ala., September 19, 1865. 

THE THIRD CAVALRY 

was organized and mustered into the United States service at Keokuk, in Au- 
gust and September, 1861, with Cyrus Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Colonel; H. 
H. Bussey, of Bloomfield, as Lieutenant Colonel, and C. H. Perry, H. C. Cald- 
well and W. C. Drake, of Corydon, as Majors. Companies A and E were from 
Davis County; Company B, from Van Buren and Lee Counties; Company C, 
from Lee and Keokuk Counties; Company D, from Davis and Van Buren 
Counties ; Company F, from Jefferson County ; Company G, from Van Buren 
County ; Company H, from Van Buren and Jefferson Counties ; Company I, 
from Appanoose County ; Company K, from Wapello and Marion Counties ; 
Company L, from Decatur County, and Company M, from Appanoose and De- 
catur Counties. . It was engaged in the following battles and skirmishes : 
Pea Ridge, La Grange, Sycamore, near Little Rock, Columbus, Pope's Farm, 
Big Blue, Ripley, Coldwater, Osage, Tallahatchie, Moore's Mill, near Monte- 
vallo, near Independence, Pine Bluff, Botts' Farm, Gun Town, White's Station, 
Tupelo, Village Creek. Was mustered out of United States service at Atlanta, 
Ga., August 9, 1865. 

THE FOURTH CAVALRY 

was organized with Asbury B. Porter, of Mount Pleasant, as Colonel ; Thomas 
Drummond, of Vinton, as Lieutenant Colonel ; S. D. Swan, of Mount Pleas- 
ant, J. E. Jewett, of Des Moines, and G. A. Stone, of Moisnt Pleasant, as 
Majors, and mustered into United States service at Mount Pleasant November 
21, 1861. Company A was from Delaware County; Company C, from Jef- 
ferson and Henry Counties ; Company D, from Henry County ; Company E, 



246 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

from Jasper and Poweshiek Counties ; Company F, from Wapello County ; 
Company G, from Lee and Henry Counties ; Company H, from Chickasaw 
County ; Company I, from Madison County ; Company K, from Henry 
County ; Company L, from Des Moines and other counties ; and Company M, 
from Jeiferson County. The Fourth Cavalry lost men in the following engage- 
ments : Guntown, Miss.; Helena, Ark.; near Bear Creek, Miss.; near Mem- 
phis, Tenn.; Town Creek, Miss.; Columbus, Ga.; Mechanicsburg, Miss.; Little 
Blue River, Ark.; Brownsville, Miss.; Ripley, Miss.; Black River Bridge, 
Miss.; Grenada, Miss.; Little Red River, Ark.; Tupelo, Miss.; Yazoo River, 
Miss.; White River, Ark.; Osage, Kan.; Lick Creek, Ark.; Okalona, Miss.; 
St. Francis River, Ark. Was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., August 10, 1865. 

THE FIFTH CAVALRY 

was organized at Omaha with Wm, W. Lowe, of the regular army, as Colo- 
nel ; M. T. Patrick, of Omaha, as Lieutenant Colonel ; and C. S. Bernstein, 
of Dubuque, as Major, and mustered in September 21, 1861. Companies A, 
B, C and D were mostly from Nebraska ; Company E, from Dubuque County ; 
Company F, from Des Moines, Dubuque and Lee Counties ; Company G, from 
Minnesota ; Company H, from Jackson and other counties ; Companies I and 
K ATere from Minnesota ; Company L, from Minnesota and Missouri ; Com- 
pany M, from Missouri ; Companies G, I and K were transferred to Minnesota 
Volunteers Feb. 25, 1864. The new Company G was organized from veterans 
and recruits and Companies C, E, F and I of Fifth Iowa Lifantry, and trans- 
ferred to Fifth Cavalry August 8, 1864. The second Company I Avas organ- 
ized from veterans and recruits and Companies A, B, D, G, H and- K of the 
Fifth Iowa Infantry, and transferred to Fifth Iowa Cava,lry August 18, 1864. 
Was engaged at second battle of Fort Donelson, Wartrace, Duck River Bridge, 
Sugar Creek, ]^fewnan, Camp Creek, Cumberland Works, Tenn.; Jonesboro, 
Ebenezer Church, Lockbridge's Mills, Pulaski, Cheraw, and mustered out at 
Nashville, Tenn., August 11, 1865. 

THE SIXTH CAVALRY. 

was organized with D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; S. M. Pollock, of 
Dubuque, as Lieutenant Colonel ; T. H. Shephard, of Iowa City, E. P. Ten- 
Broeck, of Clinton, and A. E. House, of Delhi, as Majors, and was mustered 
in at Davenport, January 31, 1863. Company A was from Scott and other 
counties; Company B, from Dubuque and other counties; Company C, from 
Fayette County; Company D, from Winneshiek County; Company E, from 
Southwest counties of the State ; Company F, from Allamakee and other 
counties ; Company G, from Delaware and Buchanan Counties ; Company H, 
from Linn County ; Company I, from Johnson and other counties ; Company 
K, from Linn County; Company L, from Clayton County; Company M, from 
Johnson and Dubuque Counties. The Sixth Cavalry operated on the frontier 
against the Indians. Was mustered out at Sioux City, October 17, 1865. 

THE SEVENTH CAVALRY 

was organized at Davenport, and mustered into the United States service April 
27, 1863, with S. W. Summers, of Ottumwa, as Colonel ; John Pattee, of Iowa 
City, as Lieutenant Colonel ; H. H. Heath and G. M. O'Brien, of Dubuque, 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 247 

and John S. Wood, of Ottumwa, as Majors. Companies A, B, C and D, were 
from AVapello and other counties in immediate vicinity; Companies E, F, G 
and H, were from all parts of the State ; Company I, from Sioux City and 
known as Sioux City Cavalry; Company K was originally Company A of the 
Fourteenth Infantry and afterward Company A of the Forty-first Infantry, was 
from Johnson and other counties ; Company L was originally Company B, of 

the Forty-first Infantry and afterward Company B, of the Forty , and 

was from Johnson County; Company M was originally Company C, of the 
Fourteenth Infantry, and afterward Company C, of the Forty-first and from Des 
Moines and other counties. The Seventh Cavalry operated against the Indi- 
ans. Excepting the Lieutenant Colonel and Companies K, L and M, the regi- 
ment was mustered out at Leaveuworth, Kansas, May 17, 1866. Companies 
K, L, and M were mustered out at Sioux City, June 22, 1866. 



THE EIGHTH CAVALRY 

was organized with J. B. Dorr, of Dubuque, as Colonel ; H. G. Barner, of 
Sidney, as Lieutenant Colonel ; John J. Bowen, of Hopkinton, J. D. Thompson, 
of Eldora, and A. J. Price, of Guttenburg, as Majors, and were mustered in at 
Davenport September 30, 1863. The companies were mostly from the follow- 
ing counties : Company A, Page ; B, Wapello ; C, Van Buren ; D, Ring- 
gold ; E, Henry; F, Appanoose; G, Clayton; H, Appanoose; I, Marshall; 
K, Muscatine; L, Wapello; M, Polk. The Eighth did a large amount of duty 
guarding Sherman's communications, in which it had many small engagements. 
It was in the battles of Lost Mountain, Lovejoy's Station, Newnan, Nashville, 
etc. Was on Stoneman's cavalry raid around Atlanta, and Wilson's raid 
through Alabama. Was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 13, 1865. 



THE NINTH CAVALRY 

was mustered in at Davenport, November 30, 1863, with M. M. Trumbull, of 
Cedar Falls, as Colonel ; J. P. Knight, of Mitchell, as Lieutenant Colonel ; E. 
T. Ensign, of Des Moines, Willis Drummond, of McGregor, and William Had- 
dock, of Waterloo, as Majors. Company A was from Muscatine County ; 
Company B, Linn County; Company C, Wapello and Decatur Counties ; Com- 
pany D, Washington County ; Company E, Fayette County ; Company F, 
Clayton County ; Companies G and H, various counties ; Company I, Wapello 
and Jefferson Counties ; Company K, Keokuk County ; Company L, Jasper 
and Marion Counties ; Company M, Wapello and Lee Counties. Was mustered 
out at Little Rock, Ark., February 28, 1866. 



ARTILLERY. 

THE FIRST BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Wapello, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jefferson, 
Black Hawk, etc., and was mustered in at Burlington, Aug. 17, 1861, with C. H. 
Fletcher, of Burlington, as Captain. Was engaged at Pea Ridge, Port Gibson, 
in Atlanta campaign, Chickasaw Bayou, Lookout Mountain, etc. Was mus- 
tered out at Davenport July 5, 1865. 



248 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



THE SECOND BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Dallas, Polk, Harrison, Fremont and Pottawat- 
tamie, and mustered into United States service at Council Bluflfs and St. Louis, 
Mo , Aug. 8 and 31, 1861, with Nelson T. Spear, of Council Bluffs, as 
Captain. Was engaged at Farmington, Corinth, etc. Was mustered out at 
Davenport, Aug. 7, 1865. 

THE THIRD BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in the counties of Duhuque, Black Hawk, Butler and Floyd, and 
mustered into United States service at Dubuque, September, 1861, with M. 
M. Hayden, of Dubuque, as Captain. Was at battle of Pea Ridge, etc., etc. 
Was mustered out at Davenport, Oct. 23, 1865. 

THE FOURTH BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY 

was enrolled in Mahaska, Henry, Mills and Fremont Counties, and was mus- 
tered in at Davenport, Nov. 23, 1863, with P. H. Goode, of Glenwood, Cap- 
tain. Was mustered out at Davenport, July 14, 1865. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

THE FOURTH BATTALION 

Company A, from Fremont County, W. Hoyt, Captain; Company B, from 
•Taylor County, John Flick, Captain ; Company C, from Page County, J. 
Whitcomb, Captain. 

THE NORTHERN BORDER BRIGADE 

was organized by the State of Iowa to protect the Northwestern frontier, 
James A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, was elected Colonel. It had Companies A, 
B, C, D and E, all enlisted from the Northwestern counties. 

THE SOUTHERN BORDER BRIGADE 

was organized by the State for the purpose of protecting the Southern border 
of the State, and was organized in counties on the border of Missouri. Com- 
pany A, First Battalion, was from Lee County, Wm. Sole, Captain; Company B, 
First Battalion, Joseph Dickey, Captain, from Van Buren County; Company 
A, Second Battalion, from Davis County, Capt. H. B. Horn; Company B, Sec- 
ond Battalion, from Appanoose County, E. B. Skinner, Captain; Company A, 
Third Battalion, from Decatur County, J. H. Simmons, Captain; Company B, 
Third Battalion, from Wayne County, E. F. Estel, Captain; Company C, 
Third Battalion, from Ringgold County, N. Miller, Captain. 

THE FIRST INFANTRY AFRICAN DESCENT — (SIXTIETH U. S.) 

was organized with John G. Hudson, Captain Company B, Thirty-third Mis- 
souri, as Colonel; M. F. Collins, of Keokuk, as Lieutenant Colonel, and J. L. 
Murphy, of Keokuk, as Major. Had ten companies, and were mustered in at 
various places in the Fall of 1863. The men were from all parts of the State 
and some from Missouri. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 249 

During the war, the following promotions were made by the United States 
Government from Iowa regiments:* 

MAJOR GENERALS 

Samuel R. Curtis, Brigadier General, from March 21, 1863. 
Frederick Steele, Brigadier General, from jSTovember 29, 18G3. 
Frank J. Herron, Brigadier General, from November 29, 1863. 
Grenville M. Dodge, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1864. 

BRIGADIER GENERALS. 

Samuel R. Curtis, Colonel 2d Infantry, from May 17, 1861. 

Frederick Steele. Colonel 8th Infantry, from February 6, 1862. 

Jacob G. Lauman, Colonel 7th Infantry, from March 21, 1862. 

Grenville M. Dodge, Colonel 4th Infantry, from March 31, 1863. 

James M. Tuttle, Colonel 2d Infantry, from June 9, 1862. 

Washington L. Elliott, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from June 11, 1863. 

Fitz Henry Warren, Colonel 1st Cavalry , from July 6, 1862. 

Frank J. Herron, Lieutenant Colonel 9th Infantry, fi'om July 30, 1863. 

Charles L. Matthies, Colonel 5th Infantry, from November 29, 1863. 

William Vandever, Colonel 9th Infantry, from November 29, 1863. 

Marcellus M. Crocker, Colonel 13th Infantry, from Xov. 39, 1863. (Since died.) 

Hugh T. Reid, Colonel 15th Infantry from March 13, 1863. 

Samuel A. Rice, Colonel 33d Infanti'y, from August 4, 1863. 

John M. Corse, Colonel 6th Infantry, from August 11, 1863. 

Cyrus Bussey, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from January 5, 1864. 

Edward Hatch, Colonel 3d Cavalry, from April 27, 1864. 

Elliott W. Rice, Colonel 7th Infantry, from June 20, 1864. 

Wm. W. Belknap, Colonel 15th Infantry, from July 30, 1864. 

John Edwards, Colonel 18th Infantry, from September 26, 1864. 

James A. Williamson, Colonel 4th Infantry, from January 13, 1864. 

James I. Gilbert, Colonel 37th Infantry, from February 9, 1865. 

BREVET MAJOR GENERALS. 

John M. Corse, Brigadier General from October 5, 1864. 
Edward Hatch, Brigadier General, from December 15, 1864. 
AVm. W. Belknap, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. 
W. L. Elliott, Brigadier General, from March 13, 1865. 
Wm. Vandever, Brigadier General, from June 7, 1865. 

BREVET BRIGADIER GENERALS. 

Wm. T. Clark, A. A. G., late of 13th Infantry, from July 23, 1864. 

Edward F. Winslow, Colonel 4th Cavalry, from December 13, 1864. 

S. G. Hill, Colonel 35th Infantry, from December 15, 1864. (Since died.) 

Thos. H. Benton, Colonel 39th Infantry, from December 15, 1804. 

Samuel L. Glasgow, Colonel 33d Infantry, from December 19, 1864. 

Clark R. Wever, Colonel 17th Infantry, from February 9, 18G5. 

Francis M. Di-ake, Lieutenant Colonel 36th Infantry, from February 23, 1865. 

George A. Stone, Colonel 35th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 

Datus E. Coon, Colonel 2d Cavalry, from March 8, 1865. 

George W. Clark, Colonel 34th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 

Herman II. Heath, Colonel 7th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. 

J. M. Hedrick, Colonel 15th Infantry, from March 13, 1865. 

W. W. Lowe, Colonel 5th Cavalry, from March 13, 1865. 



♦ThomaB J. McKean was appointed Paymaster in U. S. A. from Iowa, and subsequently promoted Brigadier General, 
to date from Nov. 21, 18G1. 



250 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



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254 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



NUMBER OF TROOPS FURNISHED BY THE STATE OF IOWA 

DURING THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 

TO JANUARY 1, 1865. 



No. Regiment. 



1st Iowa 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th 
10th 
11th 
12th 
13th 
14th 
15th 
16th 
17th 
18th 
19th 
20th 
21st 
22d 
23d 
24th 
25th 
26th 
27th 
28th 
29th 
30th 
31st 
32d 
33d 
34th 
35th 
36th 
37th 
38th 



Infantry. 



No. of 
men 



959 

1,247 

1,074 

1,184 

1,037 

1,013 

1,138 

1,027 

1,090 

1,027 

1,022 

981 

989 

840 

1,196 

919 

956 

875 

985 

925 

980 

1,008 

961 

979 

995 

919 

940 

956 

1,005 

978 

977 

925 

985 

953 

984 

986 

914 

910 



No. Regiment. 



39th Iowa Infantry 

40th " " 

41st Battalion Iowa Infantry 

44th Infantry (100-days men) 

45th " " " 

46th " " " 

47th " " " 

48th Battalion '= " 

1st Iowa Cavalry 

2d " " 

3d " " 

4th " " 

5th " " 

6th " " 

7th " " 

8th " " 

9th " " 

Sioux City Cavalry* 

Co. A, 11th Penn. Cavalry 

1st Battery Artillery 

2d " " '.... 

3d 

4th " " 

1st Iowa African Infantry, 60th U. Sf.. 

Dodge's Brigade Band 

Band of 2d Iowa Infantry 

Enlistments as far as reported to Jan. 1, 

1864, for the older Iowa regiments 

Enlistments of Iowa men in regiments 
of other States, over 



Total 

Re-enlisted Veterans for different Regi- 
ments 

Additional enlistments 



Grand total as far as reported up to Jan. 
1, 1865 



No. of 
men. 



933 

900 

294 

867 

912 

892 

884 

346 

1,478 

1,394 

1,360 

1,227 

1,245 

1,125 

562 

1,234 

1,178 

93 

87 

149 

123 

142 

152 

903 

14 

10 

2,765 

2,500 



61,653 

7,202 
6,664 



75,519 



This does not include those Iowa men who veteranized in the regiments of other States, nor 
the names of men who enlisted during 1864, in regiments of other States. 
* Afterward consolidated with Seventh Cavalry. 
f Only a portion of this regiment was credited to the State. 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 



O.r.K 



POPULATION OF IOWA, 
By Counties. 



COUNTIES. 


AGGREGATE. 




1875. 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 


1840. 


Voters. 


Adair 


7045 

7832 
19158 
17405 

2370 
28807 
22913 
17251 
13220 
17315 

3561 


3982 

4614 
17868 
16450 

1212 
22454 
21706 
14584 
12528 
17034 

1585 


984 

1533 

12237 

11931 

454 

8496 

8244 

4232 

4915 

7906 

57 






1616 


Adams 






1727 


Allamakee 


777 
3131 




3653 


Appanoose 

Audubon 




3679 




527 


Benton 


672 
135 
735 




4778 


Black Hawk 




4877 


Boone 




3515 


Bremer 




2656 


Buchanan 


517 




3890 


Buena Vista 




817 


Buncombe* 






Butler 


11734 

8185 

5760 

10552 

17879 

6685 

4249 

11400 

10118 

8559 

27184 

84295 

6039 

14386 

15757 

1.3249 

16893 

35415 

1748 

43845 

1436 

20515 

13100 

6558 

13719 

7028 

8134 

9638 

7701 

1482 

15029 

11818 

21594 

7875 

3455 

794 

17456 

23061 

24128 

17127 

24654 

19168 


9951 

1602 

2451 

5464 

19731 

4722 

1967 

10180 

8735 

1523 

27771 

85357 

2530 

12019 

15565 

12018 

17432 

27256 

1389 

38969 

1392 

16973 

10768 

4738 

11173 

4627 

6399 

7061 

6055 

999 

13684 

8931 

21463 

6282 

2596 

226 

16644 

22619 

22116 

17839 

24898 

19731 


3724 

147 

281 

1612 

12949 

940 

58 

4336 

5427 

52 

20728 

18938 

883 

5244 

13764 

8677 

11024 

19611 

180 

31164 

105 

12073 

3744 

1309 

5074 

1374 

793 

8058 

1699 

179 

5440 

8621 

18701 

3168 

332 

43 

8029 

18493 

9883 

15088 

17573 

13306 






2598 


Calhoun 






681 


Carroll 






1197 


Cass 






2422 


Cedar 


3941 


1253 


3934 
1596 


Cerro Gordo 


Cherokee 






1001 


Chickasaw 






2392 


Clarke 


79 




2213 
868 






Clayton 


3873 

2822 


1101 
821 


5272 
5569 




Crawford 


1244 


Dallas 


854 
7264 

965 

1759 

12988 




8170 




8448 


Decatur 




2882 


Delaware 


168 
5577 


3662 


Des Moines 


6654 




894 




10841 


3059 


8759 


Emmett 


299 


Fayette 


825 




4637 


Floyd 




2884 


Franklin 






1374 


Frecfont 


1244 




2998 


Greene 




1622 


Grun dy 






15*^5 


Guthrie 







2339 


Hamilton 






1455 


Hancock 






303 


Hardin 






3215 


Harrison 






2658 


Henry 


8707 


3772 


4641 


Howard 


1712 


Humboldt 






695 


Ida 






172 


Iowa 


822 
7210 
1280 
9904 
4472 
3007 




3576 


Jackson 

Jasper 

Jefferson 


1411 


4901 
5239 


2773 

1491 

471 


3721 
5225 


Jones 


4180 



* In 1862, name changed to Lyon. 



256 



HISTORY OF THE STATE OF IOWA. 

POPULATION OF IOWA— Concluded. 



COUNTIES 


AGGREGATE. 




1875, 


1870. 


1860. 


1850. 1840. 


Toter*. 


Keokuk 


20488 

3765 

33913 

31815 

12499 

11725 

1139 

16030 

23718 

24094 

19629 

10555 

11523 

2267 

12811 

10389 

21623 

2349 

1778 

14274 

2728 

5282 

2249 

31558 

21665 

16482 

7546 

2873 

39763 

5664 

3120 

13111 

18771 

10418 

8827 

16980 

23865 

18541 

19269 

13978 

13114 

2986 

24233 

8568 

4908 

3244 


19434 

3351 

38210 

28852 

12877 

10388 

221 

13884 

22508 

24436 

17576 

8718 

9582 

3654 

12724 

5934 

21688 

715 


1327J 
416 

29232 

18947 

10370 

5766 


4822 


4202 




773 


Lee 


18861 

5444 

4939 

471 


6093 
1373 
1927 


7274 




7509 




2899 




2464 







287 




7339 

14816 

16813 

6015 

4481 

3409 

832 

8612 

1256 

16444 

8 


1179 
5989 





3632 






5287 


Marion 


5482 
338 


. 


4988 






4445 


Mills 




2365 


Mitchell 






2338 








1292 




2884 




2743 






2485 




5731 


1942 


6588 




595 








498 




9975 

1336 

2199 

1446 

27857 

16893 

15581 

5691 

1411 

38599 

2540 

576 

11651 

16131 

6989 

6986 

17672 

22346 

17980 

18952 

11287 

10484 

1562 

23570 

6172 

2892 

2392 


4419 

132 

148 

103 

11625 

4968 

5668 

2923 

246 

25959 

818 

10 

4051 

5285 

3590 

2012 

17081 

14518 

10281 

14235 

6409 

2504 

168 

13942 

1119 

756 

653 


551 




3222 


Palo Alto 




556 








1136 








464 


Polk 


4513 

7828 
615 




6842 






4392 






3634 






1496 


Sac 






657 


Scott 


5986 


2140 


7109 


Shelby . ... 


1084 








637 


Story 






2574 


Tama 


8 
204 




3911 


Taylor 




2282 






1924 


Van Buren 


122701 6146 


3893 




8471 
961 

4957 
340 




5346 


Warren 




4168 


Washington 


1594 


4168 




2947 


Webster . . .. 




2747 




1 


406 




546 




4117 






1776 


Worth 




763 


Wright .. 




694 






Total 


1353118 


1191792 


674913 


1922141 43112 


284557 


* Formerly Buncombe. 





THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 257 



ILLINOIS. 

Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 sc^uare 
miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a 
table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above 
the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains. 
Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are 
thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees 
scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the 
State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio 
(forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San- 
gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable 
streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari- 
ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly 
coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field 
alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North 
America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature 
standing at about 51" Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes 
a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root- 
crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois 
may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of 
lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock- 
raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in 
regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand- 
ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most^exten- 
sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal 
connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the 
St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the 
chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria, 
Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti- 
tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators, 
elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; .which 
numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of 
six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and 
educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very 
flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb 
Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for 

(90) 



258 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of 
the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,833 
unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized 
property presented the following totals : assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal- 
ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly the whole of 
the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and 
west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at 
Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements 
formed the nucleus was, in 1768, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction 
with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787. 
Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends 
19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,589,891, in 1870. 




THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 259 



INDIANA. 



Tlie profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact jjarallelogram, occupy- 
ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The 
greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle 
undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief 
rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous 
affluents. The soil is higlily productive of the cereals and grasses — most 
particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and 
White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered 
M'ith virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut- 
ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper, 
marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an 
agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with 
the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum, 
hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties, 
and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis 
(the capital), Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson- 
ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of 
the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and 
efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status. 
Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all 
directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding 
manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating 
October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis- 
bursements, $3,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State 
Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This 
State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort 
at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was 
by tlie latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791, 
an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of 
Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana. 
In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and 
Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the 
theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle 
of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among 
the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a 
monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad, 
canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the 
time being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank- 
ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public 



260 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially, the great 
Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of 
the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by 
rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and 
political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851. 
Population, 1,680,637. 



IOWA. 

In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram; has a 
length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208 
miles, and embraces an area of 65,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres. 
The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the 
middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the 
Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south 
section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with 
woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ; 
the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form 
respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des 
Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important 
as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of 
an area estimated at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron, 
are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to 
the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables, 
and esculent roots ; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples. 
Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul- 
tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely 
engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat 
and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried 
on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of 820,000,000. 
Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water- 
communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically 
divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des 
Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur- 
lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The 
State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are 
on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation, 
with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is especially 
well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the 
American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana 
purchase in 1 803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812, 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 263 

when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the 
Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally, 
after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of 
the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870, 
1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118. 



MICHIGAN. 

United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the 
Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating 
between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from 
50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The 
Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chiefly of an elevated plateau, 
expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum 
height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently 
bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of 
copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are 
heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich, 
loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural 
produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter 
colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals, 
grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870, 
the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved 
woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value 
of land was $398,240,578 ; of farming implements and machinery, 
$13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports, 
874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188 
tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined. 
Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad 
system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and 
Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief 
urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette, 
Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the 
State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded 
debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of 
land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000. 
Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro- 
vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit 
and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at 
Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among 
the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and 



264 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 

signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French 
Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad- 
ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac," 
following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a 
sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it 
became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region 
with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803, 
Avhen it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater of 
warlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in 
1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in 
1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the 
15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059. 



WISCONSIN. 

It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215. 
Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a 
considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an 
upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally 
diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed 
over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char- 
acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the Avest side the banks of 
the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of 
islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the 
State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far 
inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its Avaters 
and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three 
outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which 
latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point 
into the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives 
the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers ; Green Bay, the 
Menomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi 
empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers. 
The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court 
Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface. 
The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very w^arm 
Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system 
represented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the 
primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive 
deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc 
are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gj^^sum, 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 265 

and various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry, 
and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of 
varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the 
State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals, 
together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege- 
tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number 
of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con- 
sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of 
farms, $300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364. 
Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and 
additions to stock, 878,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ; 
of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,423 ; of all live-stock, 
$45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ- 
ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,966. 
The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the chief places 
of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee, 
Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Cliien, Janesville, Portage City, 
Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. Li 1870, the total assessed valuation 
reached $333,209,838, as against a true valuation of both real and personal 
estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,- 
696 ; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983. 
Education is amply provided for. Independently of the State University 
at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and 
the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at 
Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common 
school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari- 
table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an 
Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School. 
In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State 
totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward 
completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author- 
ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and 
German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the 
State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in 
1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, when it 
became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it 
reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted 
it within the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it 
to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ- 
ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union, 
March 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which 2,113 were of 
the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of 
tribal relations. 



266 THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 



MINNESOTA. 



Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles ; its 
oreadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or 
54,760,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con- 
sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by 
an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered 
bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a 
sujjerfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark, 
calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical 
feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly 
every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an 
aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides 
the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles 
of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long), 
the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of 
lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech, 
Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets 
of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America, 
culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of 
an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis- 
sissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In 
point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very 
imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to 
exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's 
clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis- 
factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian 
corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great 
plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are 
important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area 
of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled 
loss amountintr to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages 
possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system. 
The political divisions of this State number 78 counties; of which the 
chief cities and towns are : St. Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing, 
St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has 
already assumed an attitude of liigh importance as a manufacturing State ; 
this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos- 
sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of 
flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent 
interests, which in 1860, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043. 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATES. 267 

Education is notably provided for on a broad and catholic scale, the 
entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,- 
816 ; while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school 
fund stood at $2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College, 
Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned 
such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of 
an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for 
the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the 
right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the 
previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the 
whites was made in 1680 l)y a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who 
gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi. 
In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region to England. 
Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory 
transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde- 
pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and. 
May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation, 
of States. Population, 439,706. 



NEBRASKA. 

Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area» 
75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. The surface of this State is 
almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of 
the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west 
division, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, is a sandy belt of 
country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem- 
bling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract 
of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda- 
tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en- 
tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the 
Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the 
Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy 
loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All 
the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great 
size and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally 
well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to 
this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively 
infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible- 
of productivity by means of a jjroperly conducted system of irrigation. 
Few minerals of moment have so far Ijeen found within the limits of 



268 



THE NORTHWESTERN STATEc 



Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt 
Creelv in its southeast section. The State is divided into 57 counties, 
independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized 
territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln 
(State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870, 
the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an 
increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total 
amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was 
$77,009. Education is making great onward strides, the State University 
and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In 
the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place 
herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter- 
sected by the Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair, 
other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con- 
gressional Act into a Territory, May 30, 1854, Nebraska entered the 
Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993. 




mrXTIX(f PKAIEIE WOLVES IX AX UARLY DAY. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 269 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, 
establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common 
defense, promote the general ivelfare, and secure the blessings of liberty 
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution 
for the United States of America. 

Article I. 

Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in 
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem- 
bers chosen ever}- second year by the people of the several states, and the 
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the 
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in 
which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev- 
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole 
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of 
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. 
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first 
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The 
number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, 
but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such 
enumeration shall he made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island andVrovidence Plan- 
tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva- 
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten. North Carolina five, 
and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the 
Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other 
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. 

Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 
Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ; 
and each Senator shall have one vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first 
election, they shall be divided as equalh' as may l)e into three classes. 
The seats of the Senators of the first class sshall be vacated at the expira- 



270 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth 
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by 
resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state, 
the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next 
meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age 
of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he 
shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of th 
Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President 'pro 
tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise 
the office of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When 
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside. 
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds 
of the members present. 

Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to 
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of 
honor, trust, or profit under the United States ; but the party convicted 
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, 
and punishment according to law. 

Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen- 
ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis- 
lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter 
such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such 
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by 
law appoint a different day. 

Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and 
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute 
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members 
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its 
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, 
expel a member. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to 
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house 
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered 
on the journal. 

Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the 
consent of the other, adjourn for more than thi-ee daj's, nor to any other 
place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Sec. 6. Tlie Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen- 
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the 
treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 271 

felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their 
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was 
elected, be appointed to any civil ofBce under the authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall 
have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office 
under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his 
continuance in office. 

Sec, 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments 
as on wther bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President 
the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall 
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that 
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec- 
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if 
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all 
such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, 
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered 
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned 
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have 
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its 
return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a 
question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the 
United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by 
him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of 
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim- 
itations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power — 

To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, 
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United 
States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout 
the United States ; 

To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several 
Str.tes, and with the Indian tribes ; 

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on 
the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and 
fix the standard of weights and measures ; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and 
current coin of the United States; 

To establish post offices and post roads ; 



2'J2 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing, 
for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their 
respective writings and discoveries ; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; 

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high 
seas, and offenses against the law of nations ; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and water ; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that 
use shall be for n longer term than two years ; 

To provide and maintain a navy ; 

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and 
naval forces ; 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the 
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; 

To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and 
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the 
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci- 
pline prescribed by Congress ; 

To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not 
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the 
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United 
States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the 
consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for 
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful 
buildings ; and 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this 
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- 
ment or officer thereof. 

Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the 
states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited 
by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may 
require it. 

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion 
to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev 
enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels 
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
another. 

No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of 
the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from 
time to time. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 273 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no 
person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the 
consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title 
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. 

Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder- 
ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of 
credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of 
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the 
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 

No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts 
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and 
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the 
Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the 
revision and control of the Congress. 

No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on 
tonnage, keejD troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any 
agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will 
not admit of delay. 

Article II. 

Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of Americtt. He shall hold his office during the term 
of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same 
term, be elected as follows : 

Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators 
and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; 
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or 
profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 

[ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by 
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not l^e an inhabitant of 
the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they 
shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government 
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres- 
ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep- 
resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. 
The person having tlie greatest number of votes shall l)e the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal 
number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately 
choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like 
manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote 
shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one 
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, 

* This clause between brackets has been superseded and annulled by the Twelfth amendmpot 



274 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be 
the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have 
equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and 
the day on which thej'^ shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 

No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United 
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible 
to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that 
office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been 
fourteen years a resident within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his deaths 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said 
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress 
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil- 
ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall 
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis- 
ability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- 
pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the 
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of 
them. 

Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol- 
lowing oath or affirmation: 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

Sec. 2. The President shall be commander in chief of the army and 
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when 
called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the 
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive 
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses 
against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con- 
cur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, 
shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of 
the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose 
appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be 
established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment 
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in 
the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may 
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which 
shall expire at the end of their next session. 

Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information 
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea- 
sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 275 

occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree- 
ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may 
adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive 
ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United 
States. 

Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the 
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con 
viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

Article III. 

Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested 
in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from 
time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and 
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at 
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be 
diminished during their continuance in office. 

Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and 
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases 
affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of 
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United 
States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; 
between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ- 
ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
states, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
original jurisdiction. 

In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall 
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions 
and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by 
jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall 
have been committed ; but when not committed within an}^ state, the 
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have 
directed. 

Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy- 
ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid 
and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the tes- 
timon}?- of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open 
court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason 
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture 
except during the life of the person attainted. 

Article IV. 

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the 
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. 4nd 



276 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such 
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges 
and immunities of citizens in the several states. 

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand 
of the executive autliority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 
up, to be removed to the state having jurisdicron of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof 
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered 
up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. 

Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; 
but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any 
other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, 
or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful 
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging 
to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed 
as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state. 

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this 
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 
against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Execu- 
tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio- 
lence. 

Article V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it 
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap- 
plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call 
a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be 
valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati- 
fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con- 
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi- 
cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and 
eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in tlie ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall 
be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 

Article VI. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- 
tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under 
this Constitution as under the Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be 
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the 
land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in 
the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem- 



CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES 



277 



bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- 
cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound 
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test 
shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under- 
the United States. 

Article VII. 

The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient 
for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying 
the same. 

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the 
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the 
United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have 
hereunto subscribed oar names. 

GEO. WASHINGTON, 
President and Deputy from Virginia. 



Neiv Hampshire. 
John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel Goeham, 
Rupus King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm. Sam'l Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 



Delaware. 
Geo. Read, 
John Dickinson, 
Jaco. Broom, 
Gunning Bedford, Je., 
Richard Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James M' Henry, 
Danl. Carroll, 
Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. 



New York. 
Alexander Hamilton. 

New Jersey. 
WiL. Livingston, 
Wm. Paterson, 
David Brearley, 
JoNA. Dayton. 



Virginia. 
John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 

North Carolina. 
Wm. Blount, 
Hu. Williamson, 
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight. 



Pennsylvania. 
B. Franklin, 
RoBT. Morris, 
Thosi Fitzsimons, 
James Wilson, 
Thos. Mifflin, 
Geo. Clymer, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
Gouv. Morris. 



South Carolina. 
j. rutledge, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

G-eorgia. 
William Few, 
Abr. Baldwin. 

WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 



278 



AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 



Articles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution 
OP THE United States op America. 

Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states, 
pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. 

Article I. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, 
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of 
speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, 
and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 

Article II. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free 
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Article III. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without 
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- 
scribed by law. 

Article IV. 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon prol)al)le cause, supported by 
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Article V. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous 
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject 
for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or liml) ; nor shall 
be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor 
shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. 

Article VI. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have 
been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and 
cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; 
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to 
have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

Article VII. 

In suits at common law, wlicre the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 281 

tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 
States than according to the rules of the common law. 

Article VIII. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, 
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

Article IX. 

The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

Article X. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, 
or to the people. 

Article XI. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to 
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- 
jects of any foreign state. 

Article XII. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot 
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an 
inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their 
ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the 
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- 
President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person 
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; 
and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by 
ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be 
taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a 
quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two- 
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to 
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- 
dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- 
President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority 
of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major- 



282 AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 

ity , then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose 
the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds 
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible 
to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the 
United States. 

Article XIII. 

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- 
diction. 

Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- 
priate legislation. 

Article XIV. 

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and 
of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 
the equal protection of the laws. 

Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- 
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- 
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- 
tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature 
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being 
twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of 
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- 
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 
twenty-one years of age in such state. 

Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- 
ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the 
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may 
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. 

Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- 
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- 
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- 
tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt 
or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the 
United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



283 



Article XV. 

Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not 
be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 

VOTE FOR GOVERNOR, 1877, AND PRESIDENT, 1876. 



Counties. 


1877. 
Governor. 


1 IS 
i Presi 


76. 
dent. 


Counties. 


1877. 
Governor. 


1876. 
President. 




Rep. 


Dem. 


Gr. 


Pro. 


Bep. 


Dem. 


Rep. 


Dem. 


Gr. 


Pro. 


Bep. 


Dem. 




982 

876 
1547 
11G5 

41(1 
1432 
17811 
1612 
118(1 
1290 

747 
1453 

418 

633 
1592 
1315 

90S 

562 
1279 
1054 

517 
1873 
2444 

898 
1541 

893 
1269 
1226 
2315 

197 
1587 

213 
1933 
12.33 
1311 
1250 
1031 

909 
1160 

842 

340 
1492 
1348 
1770 

551 

382 

321 
1132 
1G19 
1977 
1390 


ICl 
397 
1540 
1049 
352 
712 

nil 

981 
582 
769 
192 
758 
75 
744 
839 

1093 

348 

74 

1107 

267 

16 

1770 

2327 
651 
215 

1231 
961 

1143 

138i 
8 

3415 
28 

1067 
208 
336 

1331 
215 
504 
496 
265 
95 
661 
86. 
424 
647 
149 
54 

1120 

19(i(i 

1154 
7:.3 


681 

485 

69 
729 

26 
567 

95 
466 
196 
725 
161 

19 
171 
141 
116 
206 

72 
383 

37 
813 

20 

66 
286 

19 

1241 

803 

31(1 

32 
767 


15 
38 
36 
32 


1334 

1370 
1709 
1711 

427 
29(Jl 
2979 
2018 
1737 
2227 

770 
1828 

622 

799 
1876 
2328 
1274 

864 
1574 
1405 

567 
2662 
3654 
1043 
2136 
1586 
1647 
2233 
3325 

259 
2798 

246 
3029 
2032 
1178 
1658 
1310 
1099 
1434 
11.S7 

281 
2152 
1557 
2809 
1194 

523 

212 
1870 
2126 
3375 
2166 


593 
626 
1646 
1419 
352 
1.356 
1.592 
1305 
757 
1410 
200 
780 
196 
771 
979 
144.5 
448 


Johnson 


1884 

1868 

1772 

463 

2167 

2524 

1328 

1203 

261 

1792 

1823 

1976 

1448 

1435 

1396 

580 

1034 

1122 

1753 

306 

295 

1166 

311 

779 

370 

3171 

2223 

1490 

964 

656 

3031 

888 

436 

1260 

1426 

1325 

899 

1490 

17^0 

1726 

1687 

1316 

850 

544 

2074 

1109 

62S 

391 


2345 

1218 

1526 

236 

2863 

2316 

817 

804 

17 

1077 

10S6 

1866 

837 

1102 

459 

119 

928 

441 

1775 

21 

40 

508 

357 

4K7 

93 

1885 

2059 

882 

71 

128 

1963 

639 

132 

344 

833 

293 

516 

1.305 

1029 

944 

1221 

832 

127 

40 

1009 

867 

132 

166 


18 
14 

322 

13 

350 

75 

89 

103 

9 

616 

1011 

760 

.389 

98 

35 

432 

247 

532 

171 

201 

13 

34s 


273 
68 

105 
89 

299 

585 

108 
12 
14 
56 

596 
95 

504 
28 
36 
9 
26 
47 

387 
14 
33 

293 
3 
39 
36 
94 

121 

346 
47 
13 
37 
16 


2345 

2r)9i 

2364 

638 

3160 

4331 

1920 

1478 

262 

2246 

3221 

2736 

3056 

1452 

1663 

713 

1418 

1749 

2523 

463 

329 

2243 

343 

835 

374 

4321 

2565 

2509 

1246 

661 

3819 

897 

439 

1843 

2337 

1727 

1238 

2113 

2582 

2439 

2467 

1692 

1299 

498 

2759 

1034 

70:i 

57- 


3563 




1763 






1862 


Appanoose 




227 




3682 




449 

244 

10 

1 

223 
20 
95 
74 
11 
30 

446 
40 
86 
94 
19 
67 

107 
66 

111 
80 
12 
19 

525 

6 

12 

53 




2917 


Black Hawk 




1008 






1044 






46 






1,538 






1701 


Butler 




2304 






1189 


Carroll 


Mills 


1165 


Cass 


Mitchell 


671 


Cedar 




304 






1246 




175! 


Montgomery 


759 




109o 

816 

94 

2621 

3398 

638 

752 

1631 

1282 

14(i6 

2917 

48 

4977 

36 

1709 

751 

379 

1682 

510 

417 

629 

425 

99 

980 

1386 

1485 

600 

183 

57 

1.348 

2185 

1804 

1449 


2075 


Clark 


O'Brien 


llG 


Clay 




59 






861 




Palo Alto 


333 






77 
44 

1353 
218 
420 
671 
177 
309 
3 
49 
644 
196 
868 
830 
301 

1265 
742 
303 
404 

1421 


502 


Dallas 


Pocahontas 

Polk 


141 




2382 




Pottawattamie.... 


2414 




IOS3 






422 
16g 








406 


Scott 


2853 




Shrlby 


631 




889 
162 
16 
334 
551 


27 
30 
10 




220 


Floyd 


Story 


187 
133 


579 


Franklin 




1317 






676 




27 
8 

21 

57 

2 

1.54 

19 
140 
519 

64 




63 
130 
296 
101 
112 
3 

47 


795 






1661 


Guthrie . 


364 
422 
29 
238 
523 

1041 
201 
115 
104 
642 
224 

lOlf-' 
57(i 




2412 






1315 




Washington 


1508 




1341 




Webster 


987 


Henry 




39 


Winneshiek 

Woodbury 


279 

226 

8 

117 


238 
9 
14 

98 


1617 




997 


Ida 


Worth 


149 




22.S 

15 

265 

109 


Wright 


184 




Totals 






121 54P 
4;'19:' 


79353 


3422t 


10039 


1713'<: 
.5921: 


11212J 


Jefferson 


Majorities 





Total vote, 1877, 245,760, 1876 (including^949 Greenback), 292,943. 



VOTE FOR CONGRESSMEN, 1876. 



I ... 
II.. 
III. 

tv... 

v.... 

VI.. 



Rep. 



17188 
16439 
M4-S.i 
20770 
19274 
18778 



Dem. 



14814 
14683 
16100 
9379 
111.54 
14719 



R. Maj 



2374 
1756 
1.323 
11.391 
8120 
4059 



Total. 



32002 
3112: 
33523 
30149 
30428 
33497 



Maj. '74, 



D. 1863 
R. 657 
D. 63 
B. 3824 
R. 5243 
R. 2724 



VII.. 
VIII 
IX.... 



Rep. 



19406 
19358 
19563 



11688 
1.5236 

10583 



168289 118356 



R. Maj. 



780S 
4122 
8980 



Total. 



31184 
.34594 
30146 



Maj. '74. 



R. 2300 
R. 2127 
R. 5849 



Total vote, 1874, 184,640 ; aggregate Republican majority, 24,524. ""Including 5,466 Greenback votes. 



Practical Rules for Every Day Use. 



How to find the gain or loss per cevit. when the cost and selling price 
are given. 

Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which 
will be the gain or loss. 

Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost 
price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Jlotv to change gold into currency. 

Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold. 

How to change currency into gold. 

Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold. 

Hozv to find each partriers share of the gain or loss in a copartnership 
business. 

Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- 
tient will be the gain or loss per cent. 

Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be 
each one's share of the gain or loss. 

How to find gross and 7iet weight and price of hogs. 

A short and sifnple method for finding the net tveight, or price of hogs, 
when the gross iveight or price is given, and vice versa. 

Note.— It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 i)er cent, 
of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by K or 25 per cent, of itself equals the 
gross weight. 

To find the net weight or gross price. 
Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.) 
To find the gross weight or net price. 
Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.) 
How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or ivagon-bed. 
Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 
6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct 
nswer in bushels and tenths of a bushel. 

For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and 
point off one decimal place. 

How to find the cojitents of a corn-crib. 
■ Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or 

(284) 



"--i 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 285 

by 4^ ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will 
be the answer in bushels. 

Note.— In estimating corn in tlie ear, the quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken 
into consideration, since corn will shrinlc consiileraI)ly during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds 
good for corn measured at tlie time it is cribbed, provided It is sound and clean. 

Hoiv to find the contents of a cistern or tank. 

Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all 
in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one 
decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31^ gallons. 

How to find the contents of a barrel or cask. 

Rule. — Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length 
(all in inches) in reveesjid order, so that its units will fall under the 
TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point 
off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons. 

Hoiv to measure hoards. 

Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and 
divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet. 

Hoiv to measure scantlings, Joists, planks^ sills, etc. 

Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together 
(the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide 
the product by 12 — the result will be square feet. 

How to find the number of acres in a body of land. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the 
product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a 
remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths. 

When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, 
add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width. 

How to find the number of square yards in a floor or wall. 

Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and 
divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards. 

How to find the number of bricks required in a building. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22J. 

The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height 
nd thickness (in feet) together. 

Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches 
thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cul)ic foot without mortar, 
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space. 

Hoiv to find the number of shingles required in a roof. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the 
shingles are exposed 4 J inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches. 

To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by 
twice the length of the rafters. 



286 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the 
width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-third pitch, by .6 
(tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half 
2)itch, by .71 (hundredths). Tliis gives the length of the rafters from 
the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be 
taken into consideration. 

NOTK.— By M or }^ pitch is meant that tlie apex or comb of the roof is to l>e K or >^ the -widtli of the 
iiuildliig higher than the walls or hase of the rafters. 

Ifoto to reckon the cost of hay. 

Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds b}^ half the price per ton, 
and remove the decimal point three places to the left. 

Hoiv to measure grain. 

IluLE. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic 
feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to 
the left. 

Note.— Exactness requires tlie addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel. 

The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by 
multiplying the number of bushels by 8. 

If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find 
tlie number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of eai 
corn to make 1 of shelled corn. 

Rapid rules for measuring land tvithout instruments. 

In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any 
given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the 
number of rods and acres. 

The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, 
an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on 
the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes. 

To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to 
walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line 
straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- 
ing, keep these objects constantly in line. 

Farmers and others hy adopting the following simple and ingenious con- 
trivance, may ahvays carry tvith them the scale to construct a correct yard 
measure. 

Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger oi 
the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the 
left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink. 

To find how many rods in length toill make an acre., the tvidth being given. 
Rule. — Divide 160 by the Avidtli, and the quotient will be the answer. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 287 

Hoiv to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods 
being given. 

Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, 
and remove the decimal point two places to the left. 

The diameter being given, to find the circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7. 

How to find the diameter, tvhen the circumference is given. 

Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7. 

To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick' 
ness throughout will cotitain ivhen squared. 

Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply 
by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144. 

General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet. 

Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and 
then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144. 

To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on. 

Rule. — Multiply' the square of one-fifth of the circumference in 
inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 
1-15 according to the thickness of the bark. 

Howard's new rule for computing interest. 

Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest 
on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal 
point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point 
one place to the left ; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three 
places to the left. 

Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given. 

Note.— The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, in- 
verted, becomes >^ of a month, or 10 days. 

When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, 
three ones. 

Jtule for converting English into American currency. 

Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, 
by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90. 

U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE. 

A township — 36 sections each a mile square. 
A section — 640 acres. 

A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres. 
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter 
of a mile wide — 80 acres. 

A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres. 



288 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east 
corner. 

The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the 
cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- 
scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of 
the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, 
or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes 
overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain. 

The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile. 

SURVEYORS' MEASURE. 

7 92-100 inches make 1 link. 

25 links " 1 rod. 

4 rods .' " 1 chain. 

80 chains " 1 mile. 

Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 6Q feet. 

Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- 
corn ; three of which made an inch. 

Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of 
measure is four inches — called a hand. 

In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes 
used, which is a length of nine inches. 

The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length. 

The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length. 

A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches. 

A fathom is equal to 6 feet. 

A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly 
speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal 
to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said 
to be a league. 

In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches. 

An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches. 

A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches. 

A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches. 

HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS. 

Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business^ 
should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- 
ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- 
quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here 
present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, 
and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics 
and laborers. 



1875. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



A. H. JACKSON. 



Dr. 



28& 
Cr. 



Jan. 


10 


u 


17 


Feb. 


4 


(( 


4 


March 


8 


(( 


8 


u 


13 


a 


27 


April 


9 
9 


May 


6 
24 


July 


4 



To 7 bushels Wheat ...at $1.35 

By shoeing span of Horses 

To 14 bushels Oats at $ .45 

To 5 lbs. Butter at .25 

By new Harrow 

By sharpening 2 Plows 

By new Double-Tree 

To Cow and Calf 

To half ton of Hay 

By Cash [,.. 

By repairing Corn-Planter 

To one Sow with Pigs 

By Cash, to balance account 



48 
G 



75 



30 



50 



05 



$2 



18 



25 
4 

35 



50 



00 
40 
25 



00 

75. 

15 



05 



1875. 



CASS A MASON. 



Dr. 



Cr. 



Marcl 


i21 


i( 


21 


u 


23 


May 


1 
1 


June 


19 


(( 


26 


July 


10 

29 


Aug. 


12 
12 


Sept. 


1 



By 3 days' labor at $1.25 

To 2 Shoats at 3.00 

To 18 bushels Corn at .45 

By 1 month's Labor . 

To Cash 

By 8 days' Mowing at "ll.SO 

To 50 lbs. Flour. 

To 27 lbs. Meat at $ .io 

By 9 days' Harvesting at 2.00 

By 6 days' Labor at 1.50 

To Cash 

To Cash to balance account 







P 


$6 


00 




8 


10 


25 


10 


00 


12 


2 


75 




2 


70 


18 
9 


20 


00 




18 


20 




$67 


75 


$67 



70 

00 
00 



00 
00 



75 



INTEREST TABLE. 

A SIMPLB RULK FOB ACCURATELY COMPUTING INTEREST AT ANV GiVKX PKIi CENT. FOR ANY 

Lbngth op Time. 
Multiply the prijicipaf (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product 
by the Quotient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the interest year) by the per cent, of interest 
andt/ie quotient thus obtained will be the required interest. ' 



illustration. 



Solution. 
«462.50 
.48 



Require the interest of $462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An 
interest month is 30 days; one montli and eighteen days equal 48 days. $463.50 multi- 
plied by .48 gives $222.0000; 360divided by 6 (the per cent, of interest) gives 60, and 

$222.0000dividedby 60 will give you the exact interest, whicli is $3.70. If tlie rate of 370000 

interest in the above example were 12 per cent, we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 fii.ifio \ ISiiOOO 
(because 360 divided by 12 gives .30); if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; it 8 per —-_ 1 
cent., by 45: and in like manner for any otber per cent. t)0/$222.0000(f3 70 

180 

420 
420 



00 



MISCELLANEOUS TABLE. 



12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. I 196 pound.s, 1 Barrel of Flour, i 24 sheets of paper, 1 Qnlre. 

12 dozen, 1 Gross. 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. 20 quires paper 1 Ream. 

20 things, 1 Score. | 56 pound.s, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4 ff. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood.. 



290 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 

NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS, 

Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen 
Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made 
his first attempt to colonize that region. 

Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter 
Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was 
the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers." 

Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time 
owned that section of the country. 

Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest." 

Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River." 

Arkansas., from Kansas, the Indian word for "smoky water." Its 
prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow." 

The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana," 
after Charles the Ninth of France. 

Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first 
established a colony there in 1732. 

Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," ^. e., the 
Mississippi which forms its western boundary. 

Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river." 

Ohio means " beautiful ; " loiva^ " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy 
water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel." 

Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French 
suffix ois, together signifying "tribe of men." 

Blichigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was 
60 styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap. 

Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly 
applies to the river that flows through it. 

Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river. 

Cortes named California. 

Massachusetts h the Indian for " The country around the great hills." 

Co7inecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, signifying "Long 
River." 

Marylayid, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of 
England. 

Neiv York was named by the Duke of York. 

Pennsylvania means " Penu's woods," and was so called after William 
Penn, its orignal owner. 



MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 



291 



Delaware after Lord De La Ware. 

New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was 
Governor of the Island of Jerse}^ in the British Channel. 

Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli- 
ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province. 

Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green 
Mountain. 

New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was 
formerly called Laconia. 

The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of 
Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly 
resemble. 

Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that 
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States. 



POPULATION OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 



States and Territories. 



Total 
Population. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut i 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 1. 

Illinois 2, 

Jndi ana 1, 

Iowa I 1, 

Kansas 

Kentucky 1, 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland i 

Massachusetts — 1 

Michigan 1 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 4 

North Carolina 1 

Ohio ; a 



Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina 

Tennessee 1 

Texas 

Vermont I 

Virginia 1 

West Virginia 

Wisconsin 1 



Total States., 



Arizona 

Colorada 

Dakota 

District of CoUimbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

"Wyoming 



Total Territories 



Total United States 38, 555,983 



996, 
484, 
560, 
537, 
125, 
187, 
184, 
539, 
680, 
191, 
364, 
,331, 
726, 
626, 
780, 
457, 
184, 
439, 
827, 
731, 
122, 

42, 
318, 
906. 
,382. 
,071, 
,665. 

90, 
,521, 
217, 
705, 
,258, 
818, 
330, 
,235, 
442, 
,054, 



992 
471 
247 
454 
015 
748 
109 
891 
637 
79'' 
399 
Oil 
915 
915 
894 
351 
059 
706 
932 
295 
993 
491 
300 
096 
759 
361 
260 
923 
791 
353 
606 
530 
579 
551 
163 
014 
670 



38.113,353 



9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 

442,7.30 



POPULATION OF FIFTY 
PRINCIPAL CITIES. 



New York, N. Y 

Philadelphia, Pa... 

Brooklyn, N. Y 

St. Louis, Mo 

Chicago, 111 

Baltimore, Md 

Boston, Mass 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

New Orleans, La. ., 
San Francisco, Cal. 

Buffalo, N. Y 

Washington, D. C... 

Newark, N. J 

Louisville, Ky 

Cleveland, Ohio 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Jersey City, N. J ... 

Detroit, Mich 

Milwaukee, Wis 

Albany, N. Y 

Providence, R. I 

Rochester, N. Y 

Allegheny, Pa 

Richmond, Va 

New Haven, Conn. 

Charleston, S. C 

Indianapolis, Ind.., 

Troy, N. Y , 

Syracuse, N. Y 

Worcester, Mass... 

Lowell, Mass 

Memphis, Tenn 

Cambridge, Mass.., 

Hartford, Conn 

Scranton, Pa , 

Reading, Pa 

Paterson. N.J 

Kansas City, Mo... 

Mobile, Ala 

Toledo, Ohio 

Portland, Me 

Columbus, Ohio 

Wilmington, Del... 

Dayton, Ohio 

Lawrence, Mass 

Utica, N. Y 

Charlestown, Mass 

Savannah, Ga 

Lynn. Mass 

Fall River, Mass... 



Aggregate 
Population. 



942, 

674, 

396, 

310, 

298, 

267, 

250, 

216, 

191, 

149, 

117 

109, 

105, 

100, 

92, 

86, 

82. 

79, 

71, 

69, 

68 

62 

53 

51 

50 

48 

48 

46 

43 

41 

40 

40 

39 

37 

35, 

33, 

33, 

32 

33 

31 

31 

31 

30, 

30, 

28 

28 

28, 

88 

28, 

26, 



292 
022 
099 
864 
977 
354 
526 
239 
418 
473 
714 
199 
059 
753 
829 
076 
546 
577 
440 
422 
904 
386 
180 
038 
840 
956 
244 
465 
051 
105 
928 
226 
6.34 
180 
.092 
.930 
579 
260 
034 
584 
,413 
274 
841 
473 
.921 
804 
323 
235 
233 
766 



292 



MISCELLANEOUS INFOKMATION. 



POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Miles 
R. R. 

1872. 



rea in 
States and stjuare 

TERRITORIES. MileS, 



States. 

Alabama 

Arkansas.. 

California 

Connecticnt 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. . 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina.. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

* Last Census of 



50, 

52, 

188 

4 

o 

59^ 
58, 
55, 
33, 
55, 
81. 
3" 
41, 
31, 
11, 
7, 
56 
83, 
47, 
6.5, 
75. 
113, 



Population 



1870. 



1,3.50,544 
528,349 



857,039 



722 
198 
981 
674 
120 
268 
000 
410 
809 
045 
318 
600 
346 
776 
184 
800 
451 
531 
156 
350 
9P5 
090 
280 
320 
000 
704 
964 
244 
Michigan taken in 1874. 



996,992 

484,471 

560,247 

537,4.54 

125,015 

187,748 

1,184,109 

2,539,891 

1,680,637 

1,191.792 

364,399 

1,321,011 

726,915 

626,915 

780,894 

1,457,351 

1,184,059 

439,706 

827,922 

1,721,295 

123,993 

42,491 

318,300 

906,096 

4,382,759 

1,071,361 

2,665,260 

90,923 



.Miles 
R. R. 
5. 1872. 



1,651,912 

1,334,031 

598,429 



246,280 
52,540 



1,026,502 
4,705,208 



671 
25 
,013 
820 
227 
466 
,108 
,904 
,529 
,160 
,760 
,123 
539 
871 
820 
,606 
,235 
,612 
990 
,580 
828 
593 
790 
,265 
,470 
,190 
,740 
159 



States and 
Territories. 



States. 
Pennsylvania... 
Rhode Island... 
South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia... 
Wisconsin 



Total States. 



Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakota 

Dist. of Columbia 

Idaho 

Montana 

New Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 



Total Territories 



46,000 
1,306 
29,385 
45,600 
237.504 
10,212 
40,904 
23.000 
53,924 



1,950,171 



113,916 

104,500 

147,490 

60 

90,932 

143,776 

121,201 

80,056 

69,944 

9.3,107 



965,032 



POPrLATKlX. 



1870. 



3,521,791 
217,353 
705,606 

1,258,520 
818,579 
330.551 

1,225,163 
442,014 

1,054,670 



38,113,253 



9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131,700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 
9,118 



442,730 



1875. 



258,236 
925,145 



1,236, 72t 



5,113 
136 

1,201 

1.520 
865 
675 

1,490 
485 

1,725 



59,587 



375 
"498 



1,265 



Aggregateof U.S.. 12,915,203 38,555.983 60,852 

• Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland. 



PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; 

Population and Area. 



COUNTRIES. 



China 

British Empire 

Russia 

United States with Alaska. 

France 

Austria and Hungary 

Japan 

Great Britain and Ireland. 

German Empire 

Italy 

Spain 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Mexico 

Sweden and Norway 

Persia 

Belgium 

Bavaria 

Portugal 

Holland 

New Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine Republic 

Wurtemburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala , 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

San Salvador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Honduras 

San Domingo 

Costa Rica 

Hawaii 



Population. 



446,500,000 

326,817,108 

81,925,400 

38,925,600 

36,469,800 

35,904,400 

34,785,300 

31,817.100 

29,906,092 

27,439,921 

16,642,000 

10,000,000 

16,463,000 

9,173.000 

5,931,500 

5,000,000 

5,021,300 

4,861,400 

3,995,200 

3,688.300 

3,000,000 

2,000,000 

2,669,100 

2,500,000 

2,000,000 

1,812,000 

1,818,500 

1,784,700 

1,500,000 

1,461,400 

1,457,900 

1,180,000 

1,300,000 

1,000,000 

823,138 

718,000 

600,000 

572,000 

350,000 

300,000 

350,000 

136,000 

165,000 

62,950 



Date of 
Census. 



1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 



1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

"1869 
1871 
1870 

"isVi 

1870 
1871 

isii 

1871 

'isVi 

1871 
1871 

1876 



Area in 
Square 
Miles. 



3,741,846 

4,677,433 

8,003,778 

2,603,884 

304,091 

240,348 

149,399 

121,315 

160,207 

118,847 

195,775 

.3,253,029 

673,621 

761,536 

292,871 

635,964 

11,373 

29,292 

34,494 

12,680 

357,157 

132,616 

15,992 

471,838 

497,321 

871,848 

7,533 

14,753 

368,338 

5,912 

19,353 

40,879 

218,928 

63,787 

2,969 

9,576 

7,335 

10,205 

58,171 

66,722 

47,092 

17,827 

21,505 

7.633 



Inhabitants 

to Square 

Mile. 



119.3 

48.6 

10.2 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

232.8 

262.3 

187. 

230.9 

85. 

3.07 
24.4 



20. 
7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
290.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
2.1 
241.4 
120.9 
4.2 
247. 
75.3 
28.9 
5.9 
15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
7.6 
■ 7.7 
80. 



Pekin 

London 

St. Petersburg... 

Washington 

Paris 

Vienna 

Yeddo 

London 

Berlin 

Rome 

Madrid 

Rio Janeiro 

Constantinople ., 

Mexico 

Stockholm 

Teheran 

Brussels , 

Munich 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Chuquisaca 

Buenos Ay res... 

Stuttgart 

Copenhagen 

Caraccas 

Carlsruhe 

Athens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

Asuncion 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

,Sal Salvador 

Port au Prince. 

Managua 

Monte Video 

Coiuayagua 

,San Domingo... 

San Jose 

Honolulu 



Population. 



1,648,800 

3,251,800 

667,000 

109,199 

1,825,300 

833,900 

1,5-54,900 

3,251,800 

825,400 

244,484 

332,000 

420.000 

1,075,000 

210,300 

136,900 

120,000 

314,100 

169,500 

234,063 

90,100 

45,000 

115,400 

36,000 

160,100 

25,000 

177,800 

91,600 

162,042 

47,000 

36,600 

43,400 

40,000 

70,000 

48,000 

30,000 

3,000 

15,000 

20,000 

10,000 

44,500 

12,000 

20,000 

2,000 

7,63a 



ABSTRACT OF IO¥A STATE LAWS. 



BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 

Upon negotiable bills, and notes payable in this State, grace shall be allowed 
according to the law merchant. All the above mentioned paper falling due on 
Sunday, New Year's Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed 
or recommended by the President of the United States or the Governor of the 
State, as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day pre- 
vious. No defense can be made against a negotiable instrument (assigned before 
due) in the hands of the assignee without notice, except fraud was used in 
obtaining the same. To hold an indorser, due diligence must be used by suit 
against the maker or his representative. Notes payable to person named or to 
order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. 
Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, 
every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment, unless otherwise 
expressed. 

In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month shall 
be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, 
a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes only bear interest 
when so expressed ; but after due, they draw the legal interest, even if not 
stated. 

INTEREST. 

The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree, in writing, 
on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater than ten 
per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of ten per cent, to the school 
fund, and only the principal sum can be recovered. 

DESCENT. 

The personal property of the deceased (except (1) that necessary for pay- 
ment of debts and expenses of administration ; (2) property set apart to widow, 
as exempt from execution ; (3) allowance by court, if necessary, of twelve 
months' support to Avidow, and to children under fifteen years of age), including 
life insurance, descends as does real estate. 

One-third in value (absolutely) of all estates in real property, possessed by 
husband at any time during marriage, which have not been sold on execution 
or other judicial sale, and to which the wife has made no relin(iuishment of her 
right, shall be set apart as her property, in fee simple, if she survive him. 

(293) 



294 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

The same share shall be set apart to the surviving husband of a deceased 
wife. 

The widow's share cannot be affected by any will of her husband's, unless 
she consents, in writing thereto, within six months after notice to her of pro- 
visions of the Avill. 

The provisions of the statutes of descent apply alike to surviving husband 
or surviving wife. 

Subject to the above, the remaining estate of which the decedent died 
siezed, shall in absence of other arrangements by will, descend 

First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ; the 
descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of their 
deceased parents in equal shares among them. 

Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and no 
widow or surviving husband, then to the parents of the deceased in equal parts ; 
the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking the whole; and if there is no 
parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descend- 
ants. 

Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or chil- 
dren, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the estate shall descend to 
such widow or surviving husband, absolutely ; and the other half of the estate 
shall descend as in other cases where there is no widow or surviving husband, 
or child or children, or descendants of the same. 

Fourth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of 
either of them, then to wife of intestate, or to her heirs, if dead, according to 
like rules. 

Fifth. If any intestate leaves no child, parent, brother or sister, or de- 
scendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, and no child, 
parent, brother or sister (or descendant of either of them) of such widow or 
surviving husband, it shall escheat to the State. 



WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS. 

No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at law. 
Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age 
of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid will ; it must 
be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and 
by his or her express direction, and attested by two or more competent wit- 
nesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. 
Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within fifteen days from 
date of letters testamentary or of administration. Executors' and administra- 
tors' compensation on amount of personal estate distributed, and for proceeds of 
sale of real estate, five per cent, for first one thousand dollars, two and one-half 
per cent, on overplus up to five thousand dollars, and one per cent, on overplus 
above five thousand dollars, with such additional allowance as shall be reasona- 
ble for extra services. 

Within ten days after the receipt of letters of administration, the executor 
or administrator shall give such notice of appointment as the court or clerk shall 
direct. 

Claims (other than preferred) must be filed within one year thereafter, are 
forever barred, unless the claim is pending in the District or Supreme Court, or 
unless peculiar circumstances entitle the claimant to equitable relief. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 296 

Claims are classed and payable in the following order : 

1. Expenses of administration. 

2. Expenses of last sickness and funeral. 

3. Allowance to Avidow and children, if made by the court. 

4. I>ebts preferred under laws of the United States. 

5. Public rates and taxes. 

6. Claims filed within six months after the first publication of the notice 
given by the executors of their appointment. 

7. All other debts. 

8. Legacies. 

The award, or property which must be set apart to the widow, in her own 
right, by the executor, includes all personal property which, in the hands of th«» 
deceased, as head of a family, would have been exempt from execution. 



TAXES. 

The owners of personal property, on the first day of January of each year, 
and the owners of real property on the first day of November of each year, ar& 
liable for the taxes thereon. 

The following property is exempt from taxation, viz. : 

1. The property of the United States and of this State, including univer- 
sity, agricultural, college and school lands and all property leased to the State ; 
property of a county, township, city, incorporated town or school district when 
devoted entirely to the public use and not held for pecuniary profit ; public 
grounds, including all places for the burial of the dead ; fire engines and all 
implements for extinguishing fires, with the grounds used exclusively for their 
buildings and for the meetings of the fire companies ; all public libraries, 
grounds and buildings of literary, scientific, benevolent, agricultural and reli- 
gious institutions, and societies devoted solely to the appropriate objects of these 
institutions, not exceeding 640 acres in extent, and not leased or otherwise used 
with a view of pecuniary profit ; and all property leased to agricultural, charit- 
able institutions and benevolent societies, and so devoted during the term of such 
lease ; provided, that all deeds, by which such property is held, shall be duly 
filed for record before the property therein described shall be omitted from the 
assessment. 

2. The books, papers and apparatus belonging to the above institutions ; 
used solely for the purposes above contemplated, and the like property of stu- 
dents in any such institution, used for their education. 

3. Money and credits belonging exclusively to such institutions and devoted 
solely to sustaining them, but not exceeding in amount or income the sum pre- 
scribed by their charter. 

4. Animals not hereafter specified, the wool shorn from sheep, belonging to 
the person giving the list, his farm produce harvested within one year previous 
to the listing; private libraries not exceeding three hundred dollars in value; 
family pictures, kitchen furniture, beds and bedding requisite for each flimily, 
all wearing apparel in actual use, and all food provided for the family ; but no 
person from whom a compensation for board or lodging is received or expected, 
is to be considered a member of the family within the intent of this clause. 

5. The polls or estates or both of persons who, by reason of age or infirm- 
ity, may, in the opinion of the Assessor, be unable to contribute to the public 



296 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

revenue ; such opinion and the fact upon which it is based being in all cases 
reported to the Board of Equalization by the Assessor or any other person, and 
subject to reversal by them. 

6. The farming utensils of any person who makes his livelihood by farming, 
and the tools of any mechanic, not in either case to exceed three hundred dollars 
in value. 

7. Government lands entered or located or lands purchased from this State, 
should not be taxed for the year in which the entry, location or purchase is 
made. 

There is also a suitable exemption, in amount, for planting fruit trees or 
forest trees or hedges. 

Where buildings are destroyed by fire, tornado or other unavoidable casu- 
alty, after being assessed for the year, the Board of Supervisors may rebate 
taxes for that year on the property destroyed, if same has not been sold for 
taxes, and if said taxes have not been delinquent for thirty days at the time of 
destruction of the property, and the rebate shall be allowed for such loss only 
as is not covered by insurance. 

All other property is subject to taxation. Every inhabitant of full age and 
sound mind shall assist the Assessor in listing all taxable property of which 
he is the owner, or which he controls or manages, either as agent, guardian, 
father, husband, trustee, executor, accounting officer, partner, mortgagor or 
lessor, mortgagee or lessee. 

Road beds of railway corporations shall not be assessed to owners of adja- 
cent property, but shall be considered the property of the companies for pur- 
poses of taxation ; nor shall real estate used as a public highway be assessed 
and taxed as part of adjacent lands whence the same was taken for such public 
purpose. 

The property of railway, telegraph and express companies shall be listed 
and assessed for taxation as the property of an individual would be listed and 
assessed for taxation. Collection of taxes made as in the case of an individual. 

The Township Board of Equalization shall meet first Monday in April of 
each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

The County Board of Eqalization (the Board of Supervisors) meet at their 
regular session in June of each year. Appeal lies to the Circuit Court. 

Taxes become delinquent February 1st of each year, payable, without 
interest or penalty, at any time before March 1st of each year. 

Tax sale is held on first Monday in October of each year. 

Redemption may be made at any time within three years after date of sale, 
by paying to the County Auditor the amount of sale, and twenty per centum of 
such amount immediately added as penalty, with ten per cent, interest per 
annum on the whole amount thus made from the day of sale, and also all sub- 
sequent taxes, interest and costs paid by purchaser after March 1st of each 
year, and a similar penalty of twenty per centum added as before, with ten per 
cent, interest as before. 

If notice has been given, by purchaser, of the date at which the redemption 
is limited, the cost of same is added to the redemption money. Ninety days' 
notice is required, by the statute, to be published by the purchaser or holder of 
certificate, to terminate the right of redemption. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS 297 

'jurisdiction of courts 

DISTRICT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, both civil and criminal, except in such 
cases where Circuit Courts have exclusive jurisdiction. District Courts have 
exclusive supervision over courts of Justices of the Peace and Magistrates, in 
criminal matters, on appeal and writs of error. 

CIRCUIT COURTS 

have jurisdiction, general and original, with the District Courts, in all civil 
actions and special proceedings, and exclusive jurisdiction in all appeals and 
writs of error from inferior courts, in civil matters. And exclusive jurisdiction 
in matters of estates and general probate business. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE 

have jurisdiction in civil matters where $100 or less is involved. By consent 
of parties, the jurisdiction may be extended to an amount not exceeding $300. 
They have jurisdiction to try and determine all public offense less than felony, 
committed within their respective counties, in which the fine, by law, does not 
exceed $100 or the imprisonment thirty days. 



LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. 

Action for injuries to the person or reputation; for a stutute penalty; and 
to enforce a mechanics' lien, must be brought in two (2) years. 

Those against a public officer within three (3) years. 

Those founded on unwritten contracts; for injuries to property; for relief 
on the ground of fraud ; and all other actions not otherwise provided for, within 
five (5) years. 

Those founded on written contracts; on judgments of any court (except 
those provided for in next section), and for the recovery of real property, within 
ten (10) years. 

Those founded on judgment of any court of record in the United States, 
within twenty (20) years. 

All above limits, except those for penalties and forfeitures, are extended in 
favor of minors and insane persons, until one year after the disability is removed 
— time during which defendant is a non-resident of the State shall not be 
included in computing any of the above periods. 

Actions for the recovery of real property, sold for non-payment of taxes, 
must be brought within five years after the Treasurer's Deed is executed 
and recorded, except where a minor or convict or insane person is the owner, 
and they shall be allowed five years after disability is removed, in which to 
bring action. 

JURORS. . 

All qualified electors of the State, of good moral .character, sound judgment, 
and in full possession of the senses of hearing and seeing, are competent jui'ors 
in their respective counties. 

United States officers, practicing attorneys, physicians and clergymen, 
acting professors or teachers in institutions of learning, and persons disabled by 



298 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

bodily infirmity or over sixty-five years of age, are exempt from liability to act 
as jurors. 

Any person may be excused from serving on a jury when his own interests 
or the public's will be materially injured by his attendance, or when the state of 
his health or the death, or sickness of his family requires his absence. 

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT 

was restored by the Seventeenth General Assembly, making it optional with 
the jury to inflict it or not. 

A MARRIED WOMAN 

may convey or incumber real estate, or interest therein, belonging to her ; may 
control the same or contract with reference thereto, as other persons may con- 
vey, encumber, control or contract. 

She may own, acquire, hold, convey and devise property, as her husband 
may. 

Her husband is not liable for civil injuries committed by her. 

She may convey property to her husband, and he may convey to her. 

She may constitute her husband her attorney in fact. 

EXEMPTIONS FROM EXECUTION. 

A resident of the State and head of a family may hold the following prop- 
erty exempt from execution : All wearing apparel of himself and family kept for 
actual use and suitable to the condition, and the trunks or other receptacles nec- 
essary to contain the same ; one musket or rifle and shot-gun ; all private 
libraries, family Bibles, portraits, pictures, musical instruments, and paintings 
not kept for the purpose of sale ; a seat or pew occupied by the debtor or his 
family in any house of public worship ; an interest in a public or private burying 
ground not exceeding one acre ; two cows and a calf; one horse, unless a horse 
is exempt as hereinafter provided ; fifty sheep and the wool therefrom, and the 
materials manufactured from said wool ; six stands of bees ; five hogs and all 
pigs under six months ; the necessary food for exempted animals for six months ; 
all flax raised from one acre of ground, and manufactures therefrom ; one bed- 
stead and necessary bedding for every two in the family ; all cloth manufactured 
by the defendant not exceeding one hundred yards ; household and kitchen fur- 
niture not exceeding two hundred dollars in value ; all spinning wheels and 
looms ; one sewing machine and other instruments of domestic labor kept for 
actual use ; the necessary provisions and fuel for the use of the family for six 
months ; the proper tools, instruments, or books of the debtor, if a farmer, 
mechanic, surveyor, clergyman, lawyer, physician, teacher or professor; the 
horse or the team, consisting of not more than two horses or mules, or two yokes 
of cattle, and the wagon or other vehicle, with the proper harness or tackle, by 
the use of which the debtor, if a physician, public officer, farmer, teamster or 
other laborer, habitually earns his living ; and to the debtor, if a printer, tliere 
shall also be exempt a printing press and the types, furniture and material nec- 
essary for the use of such printing press, and a newspaper office to the value of 
twelve hundred dollars ; the earnings of such debtor, or those of his family, at 
any time within ninety days next preceding the levy. 

Persons unmarried and not the head of a family, and non-residents, have 
exempt their own ordinary wearing apparel and trunks to contain the same. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 299 

There is also exempt, to a head of a family, a homestead, not exceeding forty 
acres ; or, if inside city limits, one-half acre with improvements, value not 
limited. The homestead is liable for all debts contracted prior to its acquisition as 
such, and is subject to mechanics' liens for work or material furnished for the same. 

An article, otherwise exempt, is liable, on execution, for the purchase 
money thereof. 

Where a debtor, if a head of a family, has started to leave the State, he shall 
have exempt only the ordinary wearing apparel of himself and family, and 
other property in addition, as he may select, in all not exceeding seventy-five 
dollars in value. 

A policy of life insurance shall inure to the separate use of the husband or 
wife and children, entirely independent of his or her creditors. 

ESTRAYS. 

An unbroken animal shall not be taken up as an estray between May 1st 
and November 1st, of each year, unless the same be found within the lawful 
enclosure of a householder, who alone can take up such animal, unless some 
other person gives him notice of the fact of such animal coming on his place ; 
and if he fails, within five days thereafter, to take up such estray, any other 
householder of the township may take up such estray and proceed with it as if 
taken on his own premises, provided he shall prove to the Justice of the Peace 
such notice, and shall make affidavit where such estray was taken up. 

Any swine, sheep, goat, horse, neat cattle or other animal distrained (for 
damage done to one's enclosure), when the owner is not known, shall be treated 
as an estray. 

Within five days after taking up an estray, notice, containing a full descrip- 
tion thereof, shall be posted up in three of the most public places in the town- 
ship ; and in ten days, the person taking up such estray shall go before a Justice 
of the Peace in the township and make oath as to where such estray was taken 
up, and that the marks or brands have not been altered, to his knowledge. The 
estray shall then be appraised, by order of the Justice, and the appraisement, 
description of the size, age, color, sex, marks and brands of the estray shall be 
entered by the Justice in a book kept for that purpose, and he shall, Avithin ten 
days thereafter, send a certified copy thereof to the County Auditor. 

When the appraised value of an estray does not exceed five dollars, the 
Justice need not proceed further than to enter the description of the estray on 
his book, and if no owner appears within six months, the property shall vest in 
the finder, if he has complied with the law and paid all costs. 

Where appraised value of estray exceeds five and is less than ten dollars, if 
no owner appears in nine months, the finder has the property, if he has com- 
plied with the law and paid costs. 

An estray, legally taken up, may be used or worked with care and 
moderation. 

If any person unlawfully take up an estray, or take up an estray and fail to 
comply with the law regarding estrays. or use or work it contrary to above, or 
work it before having it appraised, or keep such estray out of the county more 
than five days at one time, before acquiring ownership, such offender shall foifeit 
to the county twenty dollars, and the owner may recover double damages with 
costs. 

If the owner of any estray fail to claim and prove his title for one year after 
the taking up, and the finder shall have complied with the law, a comuleto title 
vests in the finder. 



300 ABSTRACT OF IdWA STATE LAWS. 

But if the owner appear within eighteen months from the taking up, prove 
his ownership and pay all costs and expenses, the finder shall pay him the 
appraised value of such estray, or may, at his option, deliver up the estray. 

WOLF SCALPS. 
A bounty of one dollar is paid for wolf scalps. 

MARKS AND BRANDS. 

Any person may adopt his own mark or brand for his domestic animals, and 
have a description thereof recorded by the Township Clerk. 

No person shall adopt the recorded mark or brand of any other person 
residing in his township. 

DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS. 

When any person's lands are enclosed by a lawful fence, the owner of any 
domestic animal injuring said lands is liable for the damages, and the damages 
may be recovered by suit against the owner, or may be made by distraining the 
animals doing the damage; and if the party injured elects to recover by action 
against the owner, no appraisement need be made by the Trustees, as in case of 
distraint. 

When trespassing animals are distrained within twenty-four hours, Sunday 
not included, the party injured shall notify the owner of said animals, if known ; 
and if the owner lails to satisfy the party within twenty-four hours thereafter, 
the party shall have the township Trustees assess the damage, and notice shall 
be posted up in three conspicuous places in the township, that the stock, or part 
thereof, shall, on the tenth day after posting the notice, between the hours of 1 
and 3 P. M., be sold to the highest bidder, to satisfy said damages, with costs. 

Appeal lies, within twenty days, from the action of the Trustees to the Cir- 
cuit Court. 

Where stock is restrained, by police regulation or by law, from running at 
large, any person injured in his improved or cultivated lands by any domestic 
animal, may, by action against the owner of such animal, or by distraining such 
animal, recover his damages, whether the lands whereon the injury was done 
were inclosed by a lawful fence or not. 

FENCES. 

A lawful fence is fifty-four inches high, made of rails, wire or boards, with 
posts not more than ten feet apart where rails are used, and eight feet w^here 
boards are used, substantially built and kept in good repair ; or any other fence 
which, in the opinion of the Fence Viewers, shall be declared a lawful fence — 
provided the lower rail, wire or board be not more that twenty nor less than six- 
teen inches from the ground. 

The respective owners of lands enclosed with fences shall maintain partition 
fences between their own and next adjoining enclosure so long as they improve 
them in equal shares, unless otherwise agreed between them. 

If any party neglect to maintain such partition fence as he should maintain, 
the Fence Viewers (the township Trustees), upon complaint of aggrieved party, 
may, upon due notice to both parties, examine the fence, and, if found insuf- 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 301 

ficient, notify the delinquent party, in writing, to repair or rc-build the same 
within such time as they judge reasonable. 

If the fence be not repaired or rebuilt accordingly, the complainant may do 
so, and the same being adjudged sufficient by the Fence Viewers, and the 
value thereof, with their fees, being ascertained and certified under their hands, 
the complainant may demand of the delinquent the sum so ascertained, and if 
the same be not paid in one month after demand, may recover it with one per 
cent a month interest, by action. 

In case of disputes, the Fence Viewers may decide as to who shall erect or 
maintain partition fences, and in what time the same shall be done ; and in case 
any party neglect to maintain or erect such part as may be assigned to him, 
the aggrieved party may erect and maintain the same, and recover double 
damages. 

No person, not wishing his land inclosed, and not using it otherwise than in 
common, shall be compelled to maintain any partition fence ; but when he uses 
or incloses his land otherwise than in common, he shall contribute to the parti- 
tion fences. 

Where parties have had their lands inclosed in common, and one of the 
owners desires to occupy his separate and apart from the other, and the other 
refuses to divide the line or build a sufficient fence on the line when divided, 
the Fence Viewers may divide and assign, and upon neglect of the other to 
build as ordered by the Viewers, the one may build the other's part and 
recover as above. 

And when one incloses land which has lain uninclosed, he must pay for 
one-half of each partition fence between himself and his neighbors. 

Where one desires to lay not less than twenty feet of his lands, adjoining 
his neighbor, out to the public to be used in common, he must give his neighbor 
six months' notice thereof. 

Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the 
owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material withn 
six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to 
build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then, 
before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material 
to the OAvner of the land from which it was taken, nor shall such a fence be 
removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the 
other party ; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove 
crops. 

MECHANICS' LIENS. 

Every mechanic, or other person who shall do any labor upon, or furnish 
any materials, machinery or fixtures for any building, erection or other improve- 
ment upon land, including those engaged in the construction or repair of any 
work of internal improvement, by virtue of any contract with the OAvnor, his 
agent, trustee, contractor, or sub-contractor, shall have a lien, on complying 
with the forms of law, upon the building or other improvement for his labor 
done or materials furnished. 

It would take too large a space to detail the manner in which a sub- 
contractor secures his lien. He should file, within thirty days after the last of 
the labor was performed, or the last of the material shall have been furnished, 
with the Clerk of the District Court a true account of the amount due him, after 
allowino; all credits, settino; forth the time when such material was furnislied or 
labor performed, and when completed, and containing a correct description of 



302 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

the property sought to be charged with the lien, and the whole verified by 
affidavit. 

A principal contractor must file such an affidavit within ninety days, as 
above. 

Ordinarily, there are so many points to be examined in order to secure a 
mechanics' lien, that it is much better, unless one is accustomed to managing 
such liens, to consult at once with an attorney. 

Remember that the proper time to file the claim is ninety days for a princi- 
pal contractor, thirt}' days fi)r a sub-contractor, as above ; and that actions to 
enforce these liens must be commenced within two years, and the rest can much 
better be done with an attorney. 

ROADS AND BRIDGES. 

Persons meeting each other on the public highways, shall give one-half of 
the same by turning to the right. All persons failing to observe this rule shall 
be liable to pay all damages resulting therefrom, together with a fine, not exceed- 
ing five dollars. 

The prosecution must be instituted on the complaint of the person wronged. 

Any person guilty of racing horses, or driving upon the public highway, in 
a manner likely to endanger the persons or the lives of others, shall, on convic- 
tion, be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars or imprisoned not exceeding 
thirty days. 

It is a misdemeanor, without authority from the proper Road Supervisor, to 
break upon, plow or dig within the boundary lines of any public highway. 

The money tax levied upon the property in each road district in each town- 
ship (except the general Township Fund, set apart for purchasing tools, machin- 
ery and guide boards), whether collected by the Road Supervisor or County 
Treasurer, shall be expended for highway purposes in that district, and no part 
thereof shall be paid out or expended for the benefit of another district. 

The Road Supervisor of each district, is bound to keep the roads and bridges 
therein, in as good condition as the funds at his disposal Avill permit ; to put 
guide boards at cross roads and forks of highways in his district; and when noti- 
fied in writing that any portion of the public highway, or any bridge is unsafe, 
must in a reasonable time repair the same, and for this purpose may call out 
any or all the able bodied men in the district, but not more than two days at 
one time, without their consent. 

Also, when notified in writing, of the growth of any Canada thistles upon 
vacant or non-resident lands or lots, within his district, the owner, lessee or 
agent thereof being unknown, shall cause the same to be destroyed. 

Bridges when erected or maintained by the public, are parts of the highway, 
and must not be less than sixteen feet wide. 

A penalty is imposed upon any one who rides or drives faster than a walk 
across any such bridge. 

The manner of establishing, vacating or altering roads, etc., is so well known 
to all toAvnship officers, that it is sufficient here to say that the first step is by 
petition, filed in the Auditor's office, addressed in substance as follows : 

The Board of Supervisors of County : The undersigned asks that 

a highway, commencing at and running thence and terminating 

at , be established, vacated or altered (as the case may be.) 

AVhen the petition is filed, ?11 necessary and succeeding steps will be shown 
and explained to the petitioners by the Auditor. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 303 



ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. 



Any person competent to make a Avill can adopt as his own the minor child 
of another. The consent of both parents, if living and not divorced or separ- 
ated, and if divorced or separated, or if unmarried, the consent of the parent 
lawfully having the custody of the child ; or if either parent is dead, then the 
consent of the survivor, or if both parents be dead, or the child have been and 
remain abandoned by them, then the consent of the Mayor of the city where 
the child is living, or if not in the city, then of the Clerk of the Circuit Court 
of the county shall be given to such adoption by an instrument in writing, 
signed by party or parties consenting, and stating the names of the parties, if 
known, the name of the child, if known, the name of the person adopting such 
child, and the residence of all, if known, and declaring the name by which the 
child is thereafter to be called and known, and stating, also, that such child is 
given to the person adopting, for the purpose of adoption as his own child. 

The person adopting shall also sign said instrument, and all the parties shall 
acknowledge the same in the manner that deeds conveying lands shall be 
acknowledged. 

The instrument shall be recorded in the ofl&ce of the County Recorder. 

SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS. 

There is in every county elected a Surveyor known as County Surveyor, 
who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is responsible. It 
is the duty of the County Surveyor, either by himself or his Duputy, to make 
all surveys that he may be called upon to make within his county as soon as 
may be after application is made. The necessary chainmen and other assist- 
ance must be employed by the person requiring the same to be done, and to be 
by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but the chainmen must be disinterested 
persons and approved by the Surveyor and sworn by him to measure justly and 
impartially. Previous to any survey, he shall furnish himself with a copy of 
the field notes of the original survey of the same land, if there be any in the 
office of the County Auditor, and his survey shall be made in accordance there- 
with. 

Their fees are three dollars per day. For certified copies of field notes, 
twenty-five cents. 

SUPPORT OF POOR. 

The father, mother and children of any poor person who has applied for aid, 
and who is unable to maintain himself by work, shall, jointly or severally, 
maintain such poor person in such manner as may be approved by the Town- 
ship Trustees. 

In the absence or inability of nearer relatives, the same liability shall extend 
to the grandparents, if of ability without personal labor, and to the male grand- 
children who are of ability, by personal labor or otherwise. 

The Township Trustees may, upon the failure of such relatives to maintain 
a poor person, who has made application for relief, apply to the Circuit Court 
for an order to compel the same. 

Upon ten days' notice, in writing, to the parties sought to be charged, a 
hearing may be had, and an order made for entire or partial support of the poor 
person. 



304 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Appeal may be taken from such judgment as from other judgments of the 
Circuit Court. 

When any person, having any estate, abandons either children, wife or hus- 
band, leaving them chargeable, or likely to become chargeable, upon the public for 
support, upon proof of above fact, an order may be had from the Clerk of the 
Circuit Court, or Judge, authorizing the Trustees or the Sheriff to take into 
possession such estate. 

The Court may direct such personal estate to be sold, to be applied, as well 
as the rents and profits of the real estate, if any, to the support of children, 
wife or husband. 

If the party against whom the order is issued return and support the per- 
son abandoned, or give security for the same, the order shall be discharged, and 
the property taken returned. 

The mode of relief for the poor, through the action of the Township 
Trustees, or the action of the Board of Supervisors, is so well known to every 
township officer, and the circumstances attending applications for relief are so 
varied, that it need now only be said that it is the duty of each county to pro- 
vide for its poor, no matter at what place they may be. 



LANDLORD AND TENANT. 

A tenant giving notice to quit demised premises at a time named, and after- 
ward holding over, and a tenant or his assignee willfully holding over the prem- 
ises after the term, and after notice to quit, shall pay double rent. 

Any person in possession of real property, with the assent of the owner, is 
presumed to be a tenant at will until the contrary is shown. 

Thirty days' notice, in writing, is necessary to be given by either party 
before he can terminate a tenancy at will ; but when, in any case, a rent is 
reserved payable at intervals of less than thirty days, the length of notice need 
not be greater than such interval betAveeu the days of payment. In case of 
tenants occupying and cultivating farms, the notice must fix the termination of 
the tenancy to take place on the 1st day of March, except in cases of field 
tenants or croppers, whose leases shall be held to expire when the crop is har- 
vested ; provided, that in case of a crop of corn, it shall not be later than the 
1st day of December, unless otherwise agreed upon. But when an express 
agreement is made, whether the same has been reduced to writing or not, 
the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

But where an express agreement is made, whether reduced to writing or 
not, the tenancy shall cease at the time agreed upon, without notice. 

If such tenant cannot be found in the county, the notices above required 
may be given to any sub-tenant or other person in possession of the premises ; 
or, if the premises be vacant, by affixing the notice to the principal door of the 
building or in some conspicuous position on the land, if there be no building. 

The landlord shall have a lien for his rent upon all the crops grown on the 
premises, and upon any other personal property of the tenant used on the 
premises during the term, and not exempt from execution, for the period of one 
year after a year's rent or the rent of a shorter period claimed falls due ; but 
such lien shall not continue more than six months after the expiration of the 
term. 

The lien may be effected by the commencement of an action, within the 
period above prescribed, for the rent alone ; and the landlord is entitled to a writ 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



305 



of attachment, upon filing an affidavit that the action is commenced to rcover 
rent accrued within one year previous thereto upon the premises described in the 
affidavit. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or 
delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to the contrary, 
the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit : 



Apples, Peaches or Quinces, 48 

Cherries, Grapes, Currants or Gooseberries, 40 
Strawberries, Raspberries or Blackberries, 32 

Osage Orange Seed 32 

Millet Seed 45 

Stone Coal 80 

Lime 80 

Corn in the ear 70 

Wheat 60 

Potatoes 60 

Beans 60 

Clover Seed 60 

Onions 57 

Shelled Corn 56 

Rye 56 

Flax Seed 56 

Sweet Potatoes 46 



Sand 180 

Sorghum Seed 30 

Broom Corn Seed 80 

Buckwheat 52 

Salt 50 

Barley 48 

Corn Meal 48 

Castor Beans 46 

Timothy Seed 45 

Hemp Seed 44 

Dried Peaches 33 

Oats 33 

Dried Apples 24 

Bran 20 

Blue Grass Seed 14 

Hungarian Grass Seed 45 



Penalty for giving less than the above standard is treble damages and costs, 
and five dollars addition thereto as a fine. 



DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. 

$ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly placed 

before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United States 
Currency. 

£j means pounds, English money. 

@ stands for at or to', ft) for pounds, and bbl. for barrels ; "^ for 2>er or hy 
the. Thus, Butter sells at 20(«^30e f ft), and Flour at |8(«jil2 f bbl. 

% for i^er cent., and # for number. 

May 1. Wheat sells at $1.20@|1. 25, " seller June." Seller June medim 
that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any 
time during the month of June. 

Selling sliort, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock, 
at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the 
stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling "short" to depress 
the market as much as possible, in order that he may buy and fill his contract 
at a profit. Hence the "shorts " are termed "bears." 

Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or shares 
of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time, expecting to make 
a profit by the rise in prices. The " longs " are termed " bulls," as it is for 
their interest to "operate" so as to "toss-" the prices upward as much as 
possible. 



300 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

NOTES. 

Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and 
"Siihe of payment are mentioned : 

$100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876. 

Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown or order, one hun- 
dred dollars, for value received. L. D. Lowry. 

A note to be payable in anything else than money needs only the facts sub- 
stituted for money in the above form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders should be worded simply, thus : 
Mr. F. H. Coats : Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Please pay to H. Birdsall twenty-five dollars, and charge to 

F. D. SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 

Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus : 

1100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876. 

Received of J. W. Davis, one hundred dollars, for services 
rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account. 

Thomas Brady. 
If receipt is in full, it should be so stated. 

BILLS OF PURCHASE. 

W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 18, 1876. 

Bought of A. A. Graham. 

4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 |6. 00 

2 Seamless Sacks " 30 60 



Received payment, $6 60 

A. A. Graham. 

CONFESSION OF JUDGMENT. 

I . , Iowa, , 18—. 

after date — promises to pay to the order of , dollars, 

at , for value received, Avith interest at ten per cent, per annum after 

until paid. Interest payable , and on interest not paid when due, 

interest at same rate and conditions. 

a failure to pay said interest, or any part thereof, within 20 days after due, shall cause the 
whole note to become due and collectable at once. 

If this note is sued, or judgment is confessed hereon, $ shall be allowed as attorney fees. 

No. — . P. 0. , . 



CONFESSION OF .JUDGMENT. 
VS. — . In Court of County, Iowa, , of 



Oounty, Iowa, do hereby confess that justly indebted to , in the 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 307 

sum of dollars, and the further sum of $ as attorney fees, with 

interest thereon at ten per cent, from , and — hereby confess judgment 

against as defendant in favor of said , for said sum of $ , 

and $ as attorney fees, hereby authorizing the Clerk of the Court of 

said county to enter up judgment for said sum against with costs, and 

interest at 10 per cent, from , the interest to be paid . 

Said debt and judgment being for — . 

It is especially agreed, however, That if this judgment is paid within twenty 

days after duo, no attorney fees need be paid. And hereby sell, convey 

and release all right of homestead we now occupy in favor of said so 

far as this judgment is concerned, and agree that it shall be liable on execution 
for this judgment. 

Dated , 18—. . 



The State of Iowa, \ 
County. j 



being duly sworn according to law, depose and say that the forego- 
ing statement and Confession of Judgment was read over to , and that — 

understood the contents thereof, and that the statements contained therein are 

true, and that the sums therein mentioned are justly to become due said 

as aforesaid. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me and in my presence by the said 

this day of , 18 — . , Notary Public. 



ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 

Ail agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain thing 
in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always reduce an 
agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and trouble. 
No .particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly 
stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a reasonable coAsideration. 

GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. 

This Agreement, made the Second day of June, 1878, between John 
Jones, of Keokuk, County of Lee, State of Iowa, of the first part, and Thomas 
Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agreement 
of the party of the second part, hei'einafter contained, contracts and agrees to 
and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver in good and market- 
able condition, at the Village of Melrose, Iowa, during the month of November, 
of this year. One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in the following lots, and at 
the following specified times ; namely, twenty-five tons by the seventh of Nov- 
ember, twenty-five tons additional by the fourteenth of the month, twenty-five 
tons more by the twenty-first, and the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered 
by the thirtieth of November. 

And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt fulfillment 
of this contract, on the part of the party of the first jiart, contracts to and agrees 
with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five dollars per ton, for each ton 
as soon as delivered. 



308 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereby 
stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, One Hun- 
dred dollars, as fixed and settled damao;es. 

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first 
above written. John Jones, 

Thomas Whiteside. 

agreement with clerk for services. 

This Agreement, made the first day of May, one thousand eight hundred 
and seventy-eight, between Reuben Stone, of Dubuque, County of Dubuque, 
State of Iowa, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of McGregor^ 
County of Clayton, State of Iowa, party of the second part — 

WITNESSETH, that Said George Barclay agrees faithfully and diligently to 
work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for and during the space 
of one year from the date hereof, should both live such length of time, without 
absenting himself from his occupation ; during which time he, the said Barclay, in 
the store of said Stone, of Dubuque, will carefully and honestly attend, doing 
and performing all duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in 
all respects as directed and desired by the said Stone. 

In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said Barclay, the 
said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of one thousand dol- 
lars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each upon the last day of each 
month ; provided that all dues for days of absence from business by said Barclay, 
shall be deducted from the sura otherwise by the agreement due and payable by 
the said Stone to the said Barclay. 

Witness our hands. Reuben Stone. 

George Barclay. 

BILLS OF SALE. 

A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consideration to 
convey his right and interest in the personal property. Tlie j)urchaser must 
take actual possession of the property, or the bill of sale must be acknowledged 
and recorded. 

COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE. 

Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Burlington, 
Iowa, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred and Ten 
Dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the second part, the 
receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do 
convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second part, his executors, administra- 
tors and assigns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn, now growing on the 
arm of Thomas Tyrell, in the town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, 
sixteen sheep, and five cows, belonging to me and in my possession at the farm 
aforesaid ; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his 
executors and assigns forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, 
agree with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to 
warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels unto 
the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and 
every person whatsoever. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day of 
October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. 

Louis Clay. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 309 

NOTICE TO QUIT. 
To John Wontpay : 

You are hereby notified to quit the possession of the premises you now 
occupy to wit : 

\_Insert Description. 1 

on w before thirty days from the date of this notice. 

Dated January 1, 1878. Landlord. 

\_Iieverse for Notice to Landlord.'} 



GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL 

PROPERTY. 

I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Bellevue, County of Jackson, State 
of Iowa, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of 
sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last will and tes- 
tament, in manner following, to-wit : 

First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my eldest son, Sidney H. Mans- 
field, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the Third 
National Bank, of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself, in the 
Township of Iowa, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the 
houses, tenements and improvements thereunto belonging ; to have and to hold 
unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. 

Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my two daughters, Anna 
Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand Dollars in bank 
stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio ; and also, each one 
quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in theTownship of Fairfield, 
and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office, in the county where such land 
is located. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is 
devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise. 

Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mansfield, five 
shares of railroad stock in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and my one hundred 
and sixty acres of land, and saw-mill thereon, situated in Manistee, Michigan, 
with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, which said 
real estate is recorded in my name, in the county where situated. 

Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my household 
furniture, goods, chattels and personal property, about my home, not hitherto 
disposed of, including Eight Thousand Dollars of bank stock in the Third 
National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, fifteen shares in the Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefit of the home 
farm so long as she may live, in lieu of dower, to which she is entitled by law 
— said farm being my present place of residence. 

Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the income 
from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson street, Chicago, Illinois, during 
the term of his natural life. Said building and land therewith to revert to 
my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon the demise of my said 
father. 

Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death of my wife, Victoria 
Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to relinquish her 



310 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to mj 
above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. 

And lastly. I nominate and appoint as the executors of this, my last will 
and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and my eldest son, Sidney 
H. Mansfield. 

I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be naid 
from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Bellevue, the residue of 
such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, for her use for- 
ever. 

In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and testament, 
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April, eighteen hundred 
and seventy-two. 

Charles Mansfield. 
Signed, and declared by Charles Mansfield, as and for his last will and tes- 
ment, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in 
the presence of each other, have subscribed our names hereunto as witnesses 
thereof. Peter A. Schenck, Dubuque, Iowa, 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa. 

CODICIL. 

Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testament, I do now, by 
this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. 

Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna Louise, 
has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three ; and Avhereas, 
a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Richard Albert Mans- 
field, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and 
title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter, 
Anna Louise, in the body of this will. 

In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth day of 
March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five. Charles Mansfield. 

Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Charles Mans- 
field, as and for a codicil to be annexed to his last will and testament. And 
we, at his re(|uest, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have 
subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. 

Frank E. Dent, Bellevue, Iowa, 
John C. Shay, Bellevue, loAva. 



[Form No. 1.) 

SATISFACTION OF MORTGAGE. 



ss. 



State of Iowa, 

County, 

I, , of the County of , State of Iowa, do hereby acknowledge 

that a certain Indenture of , bearing date the — = — day of , A. D. 

18 — , made and executed by and , his wife, to said on 

the following described Real Estate, in the County of , and State of 

Iowa, to-wit : (here insert description) and filed for record in the office of the 
Recorder of the County of , and State of Iowa, on the day of — , 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 311 

A. D. 18 — , at o'clock . M. ; and recorded in Book of Mortgage 

Records, on page , is redeemed, paid off, satisfied and discharged in full. 

. [seal.] 

State of Iowa, 1 " 

County, j ''^^' 

Be it Remembered, That on this day of , A. D. 18 — , before 

me the undersigned, a in and for said county, personally appeared , 

to me personally known to be the identical person who executed the above 

(satisfaction of mortgage) as grantor, and acknowledged signature 

thereto to be voluntary act and deed. 

Witness my hand and seal, the day and year last above 

written. . 



ONE FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, and 

State of , in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by of 

County, and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto the said 

' the following described premises, situated in the County , and State of 

, to wit : (here insert description,) and do hereby covenant with the 

said that lawfully seized of said premises, that they are free from 

incumbrance, that have good right and lawful authority to sell and convey 

the same ; and do hereby covenant to warrant and defend the same against 

the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever. To be void upon condition that 

the said shall pay the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory note for the sum of dollars. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

And the said Mortgagor agrees to pay all taxes that may be levied upon the 
above described premises. It is also agreed by the Mortgagor that if it becomes 
necessary to foreclose this mortgage, a reasonable amount shall be allowed as an 

attorney's fee for foreclosing. And the said hereby relinquishes all her 

right of dower and homestead in and to the above described premises. 
Signed to day of , A. D. 18 — . 



[Acknowledge as in Form No. 1.] 



SECOND FORM OF REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE. 

This Indenture, made and executed by and between of the 

county of and State of , part of the first part, and of the 

county of and State of party of the second part, Witnesseth, that the 

said part of the first part, for and in consideration of the sum of dollars, 

paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of which is hereby 
acknowledged, have granted and sold, and do by these presents, grant, bargain, 
sell, convey and confirm, unto the said party of the second part, heirs and 



312 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

assigns forever, the certain tract or parcel of real estate situated in the county 
of and State of , described as follows, to-wit : 

{Here insert description.) 

The said part of the first part represent to and covenant with the part of 
the second part, that he have good right to sell and convey said premises, 
that they are free from encumbrance and that he will warrant and defend 
them against the lawful claims of all persons whomsoever, and do expressly 
hereby release all rights of dower in and to said premises, and relinquish and 
convey all rights of homestead therein. 

This Instrument is made, executed and delivered upon the following con- 
ditions, to-wit : 

First. Said first part agree to pay said or order 

Second. Said first part further agree as is stipulated in said note, that if 
he shall fail to pay any of said interest when due, it shall bear interest at the 
rate of ten per cent, per annum, from the time the same becomes due, and this 
mortgage shall stand as security for the same. 

Third. Said first part further agree that he will pay all taxes and 
assessments levied upon said real estate before the same become delinquent, and ' 
if not paid the holder of this mortgage may declare the whole sum of money 
herein secured due and collectable at once, or he may elect to pay such taxes or 
assessments, and be entitled to interest on the same at the rate of ten per cent, 
per annum, and this mortgage shall stand as security for the amount so paid. 
Fourth. Said first part further agree that if he fail to pay any of said 

money, either principal or interest, within days after the same becomes 

due ; or fail to conform or comply with atiy of the foregoing conditions or agree- 
ments, the whole sum herein secured shall become due and payable at once, and 
this mortgage may thereupon be foreclosed immediately for the whole of said 
money, interest and costs. 

Fifth. Said part further agree that in the event of the non-payment of either 
principal, interest or taxes w^hen due, and upon the filing of a bill of foreclosure 
of this mortgage, an attorney's fee of dollars shall become due and pay- 
able, and shall be by the court taxed, and this mortgage shall stand as security 
therefor, and the same shall be included in the decree of foreclosure and shall 
be made by the Sheriff on general or special execution with the other money, 
interest and costs, and the contract embodied in this mortgage and the note 
described herein, shall in all respects be governed, constructed and adjudged 

by the laws of , where the same is made. The foregoing conditions 

being performed, this conveyance to be void, otherwise of full force and virtue. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



FORM OF LEASE. 



This Article of Agreement, Made and entered into on this day of 

-, A. D. 187-, by and between , of the county of , and 



State of Iowa, of the first part, and , of the county of ■ 

and State of Iowa, of the second part, witnesseth that the said party of the first 



( ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 313 

part has this day leased unto the party of the second part the following described 
premises, to wit : 

[Here insert descripiioyi.l 

for the term of from and after the — day of , A, D. 187- a; 

the rent of dollars, to be paid as follows, to wit : 

[//ere insert Terms.'] 

And it is further agreed that if any rent shall be due and unpaid, or if 
default be made in any of the covenants herein contained, it shall then be law- 
ful for the said party of -the first part to re-enter the said premises, or to destrain 
for such rent; or he may recover possession thereof, by action of forcible entry 
and detainer, notwithstanding the provision of Section 3,612 of the Code of 
1873 ; or he may use any or all of said remedies. 

And the said party of the second part agrees to pay to the party of the first 
part the rent as above stated, except when said premises are untenantable by 
reason of fire, or from any other cause than the carelessness of the party of the 

second part, or persons family, or in employ, or by superior force 

and inevitable necessity. And the said party of the second part covenants 

that will use the said premises as a , and for no other purposes 

whatever ; and that especially will not use said premises, or permit the 

same to be used, for any unlawful business or purpose whatever ; that will 

not sell, 'assign, underlet or relinquish said premises without the written consent 

of the lessor, under penalty of a forfeiture of all rights under this lease, at 

the election of the party of the first part ; and that will use all due care 

and diligence in guarding said property, with the buildings, gates, fences, trees, 
vines, shrubbery, etc., from damage by fire, and the depredations of animals; 

that will keep buildings, gates, fences, etc., in as good repair as they now 

are, or may at any time be placed by the lessor, damages by superior force, 
inevitable necessity, or fire from any other cause than from the carelessness of 

the lessee, or persons of family, or in employ, excepted ; and that 

at the expiration of this lease, or upon a breach by said lessee of any of the said 

covenants herein contained, will, without further notice of any kind, quit 

and surrender the possession and occupancy of said premises in as good condi- 
tion as reasonable use, natural wear and decay thereof will permit, damages by 
fire as aforesaid, superior force, or inevitable necessity, only excepted. 

In witness whereof, the said parties have subscribed their names on the date 
first above written. 

In presence of 



FORM OF NOTE. 

$ , 18-. 

On or before the — day of , 18 — , for value received, I promise to 

pay or order, dollars, with interest from date until paid, 

at ten per cent, per annum, payable annually, at . Unpaid interest 

shall bear interest at ten per cent, per annum. On failure to pay interest 

within days after due, the whole sum, principal and interest, shall become 

due at once. 



814 ■ ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHATTEL MORTGAGE. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County, and 

State of in consideration of dollars, in hand paid by , of 

County and State of do hereby sell and convey unto the said the 

following described personal property, now in the possession of in the 

county and State of , to wit : 

[Here i?isert DescriptioT} .'\ 

And do hereby warrant the title of said property, and that it is free from 

any incumbrance or lien. The only right or interest retained by grantor in 
and to said property being the right of redemption as herein provided. This 
conveyance to be void upon condition that the said grantor shall pay to said 
grantee, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 

therein specified, of certain promissory notes of even date herewith, for 

the sum of dollars, 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for ^ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at per cent. 

The grantor to pay all taxes on said property, and if at any time any part 
or portion of said notes should be due and unpaid, said grantee may proceed by 
sale or foreclosure to collect and pay himself the unpaid balance of said notes, 
whether due or not, the grantor to pay all necessary expense of such foreclosure, 

including ^ Attorney's fees, and whatever remains after paying off said 

notes and expenses, to be paid over to said grantor. 

Signed the day of , 18 — . . 

[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] . 



WARRANTY DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That of County and 

State of , in consideration of the sum of Dollars, in hand paid by 

of , County and State of , do hereby sell and convey unto 

the said and to heirs and assigns, the following described premises, 

situated in the County of , State of Iowa, to-wit : 

[Here insert description.'\ 

And I do hereby covenant with the said that — lawfully seized in fee 

simple, of said premises, that they are free from incumbrance ; that — ha good 
right and lawful authority to sell the same, and — do hereby covenant to war- 
rant and defend the said premises and appurtenances thereto belonging, against 
the lawful claims of all persons Avhomsoever ; and the said hereby re- 
linquishes all her right of dower and of homestead in and to the above described 
premises. 

Signed the day of , A. D. 18 — .» 

IN presence of 



[Acknowledged as in Form No. 1.] 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 315 



QUIT-CLAIM DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents : That , of County, 

State of , in consideration of the sum of dollars, to — in hand 

paid by , of County, State of , the receipt whereof — do 

hereby acknowledge,have bargained, sold and quit-claimed, and by these presents 

do bargain, sell and quit-claim unto the said and to — heirs and assigns 

forever, all — right, title, interest, estate, claim and demand, both at law and 
in equity, and as well in possession as in expectancy, of, in and to the following 
described premises, to wit : [here insert description] with all and singular the 
hereditaments and appurtenances thereto belonging. 

Signed this day of , A. D. 18—. 

Signed in Presence of 



[Acknowledged as in form No. 1.] 



BOND FOR DEED. 

Know all Men by these Presents: That of County, 

and State of am held and firmly bound unto of County, and 

State of , in the sum of Dollars, to be pail to the said , his 

executors or assigns, for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself 
firmly by these presents. Signed the day of A. D. 18 — . 

The condition of this obligation is such, that if the said obligee shall pay to 
said obligor, or his assigns, the full amount of principal and interest at the time 
therein specified, of — certain promissory note of even date herewith, for the 
sura of Dollars, 

One note for | , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for | , due , 18 — , Avith interest annually at — per cent. 

One note for $ , due , 18 — , with interest annually at — per cent. 

and pay all taxes accruing upon the lands herein described, then said obligor 
shall convey to the said obligee, or his assigns, that certain tract or parcel of 
real estate, situated in the County of and State of Iowa, described as fol- 
lows, to wit: [here insert description,] by a Warranty Deed, with the usual 
covenants, duly executed and acknowledged. 

If said obligee should fiiil to make the payments as above stipulated, or any 
part tliereof, as the same becomes due, said oliligor may at his option, by notice 
to the obligee terminate his liability under the bond and resume the posses- 
sion and absolute control of said premises, time being the essence of this 
agreement. 

On the fulfillment of the above conditions this obligation to become void, 
otherAvise to remain in full force and virtue ; unless terminated by the obligor 
as above stipulated. 



[Acknowledge as in form No. 1.] 



316 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 



CHARITABLE, SCIENTIFIC AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. 

Any three or more persons of full age, citizens of the United States, 
a majority of whom shall be citizens of this State, who desire to associate 
themselves for benevolent, charitable, scientific, religious or missionary pur- 
poses, may make, sign and acknowledge, before any officer authorized to take 
the acknowledgments of deeds in this State, and have recorded in the office of 
the -Recorder of the county in which the business of such society is to be con- 
ducted, a certificate in writing, in which shall be stated the name or title by 
which such society shall be known, the particular business and objects of such 
society, the number of Trustees, Directors or Managers to conduct the same, and 
the names of the Trustees, Directors or Managers of such society for the first 
year of its existence. 

Upon filing for record the certificate, as aforesaid, the persons who shall 
have signed and acknowledged such certificate, and their associates and success- 
ors, shall, by virtue hereof, be a body politic and corporate by the name 
stated in such certificate, and by that they and their successors shall and may 
have succession, and shall be persons capable of suing and being sued, and may 
have and use a common seal, which they may alter or change at pleasure ; and 
they and their successors, by their corporate name, shall be capable of taking, 
receiving, purchasing and holding real and personal estate, and of making by- 
laws for the management of its affairs, not inconsistent with law. 

The society so incorporated may, annually or oftener, elect from its members 
its Trustees, Directors or Managers at such time and place, and in such manner 
as may be specified in its by-laws, Avho shall have the control and management 
of the affairs and funds of the society, a majority of whom shall be a quorum 
for the transaction of business, and whenever any vacancy shall happen among 
such Trustees, Directors or Managers, by death, resignation or neglect to serve, 
such vacancy shall be filled in such manner as shall be provided by the by-laws 
of such society. When the body corporate consists of the Trustees, Directors or 
Managers of any benevolent, charitable, literary, scientific, religious or mis- 
sionary institution, which is or may be established in the State, and which is or 
may be under the patronage, control, direction or supervision of any synod, con- 
ference, association or other ecclesiastical body in such State, established 
agreeably to the laws thereof, such ecclesiastical body may nominate and 
appoint such Trustees, Directors or Managers, according to usages of the appoint- 
ing body, and may fill any vacancy which may occur among such Trustees, 
Directors or Managers ; and when any such institution may be under the 
patronage, control, direction or supervision of two or more of such synods, con- 
ferences, associations or other ecclesiastical bodies, such bodies may severally 
nominate and appoint such proportion of such Trustees, Directors or Managers 
as shall be agreed upon by those bodies immediately concerned. And any 
vacancy occurring among such appointees last named, shall be filled by the 
synod, conference, association or body having appointed the last incumbent. 

In case any election of Trustees, Directors or Managers shall not be made 
on the day designated by the by-laws, said society for that cause shall not be 
dissolved, but such election may take place on any other day directed by such 
by-laws. 

Any corporation formed under this chapter shall be capable of taking, hold- 
ing or receiving property by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any 
last will or testament of any person whatsoever ; but no person leaving a wife, 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 317 

child or parent, shall devise or bequeath to such institution or corporation more 
than one-fourth of his estate after the payment of his debts, and such device or 
bequest shall be valid only to the extent of such one-fourth. 

Any corporation in this State of an academical character, the memberships 
of which shall consist of lay members and pastors of churches, delegates to any 
synod, conference or council holding its annual meetings alternately in this and 
one or more adjoining States, may hold its annual meetings for the election of 
officers and the transaction of business in any adjoining State to this, at such 
place therein as the said synod, conference or council shall hold its annual meet- 
ings ; and the elections so held and business so transacted shall be as legal and 
binding as if held and transacted at the place of business of the corporation in 
this State. 

The provisions of this chapter shall not extend or apply to any association 
or individual who shall, in the certificate filed with the Recorder, use or specify 
a name or style the same as that of any previously existing incorporated society 
in the county. 

The Trustees, Directors or stockholders of any existing benevolent, char- 
itable, scientific, missionary or religious corporation, may, by conforming to the 
requirements of Section 1095 of this chapter, re-incorporate themselves or con- 
tinue their existing corporate powers, and all the property and effects of such 
existing corporation shall vest in and belong to the corporation so re-incorporated 
or continued. 



INTOXICATING LIQUORS. 

No intoxicating liquors (alcohol, spirituous and vinous liquors), except wine 
manufactured from grapes, currants or other fruit grown in the State, shall be 
manufactured or sold, except for mechanical, medicinal, culinary or sacramental 
purposes ; and even such sale is limited as follows : 

Any citizen of the State, except hotel keepers, keepers of saloons, eating 
houses, grocery keepers and confectioners, is permitted to buy and sell, within 
the county of his residence, such liquors for such mechanical, etc., purposes 
only, provided he shall obtain the consent of the Board of Supervisors. In 
order to get that consent, he must get a certificate from a majority of the elec- 
tors of the town or township or ward in which he desires to sell, that he is of 
good moral character, and a proper person to sell such liquors. 

If the Board of Supervisors grant him permission to sell such liquors, he 
must give bonds, and shall not sell such liquors at a greater profit than thirty- 
three per cent, on t'le cost of the same. Any person having a permit to sell, 
shall make, on the last Saturday of every month, a return in writing to the 
Auditor of the county, showing tlie kind and quantity of the liquors purchased 
by him since the <late of his last report, the price paid, and the amount of 
freights paid on the same ; also the kind and quantity of liquors sold by him 
since the date of his last report; to whom sold ; for what purpose and at what 
price; also the kind and quantity of liquors on hand; which report shall be 
sworn to by the person having the permit, and shall be kept by the Auditor, 
subject at all times to the inspection of the public. 

No person shall sell or give away any intoxicating liquors, including wine or 
beer, to any minor, for any purpose whatever, except upon written order of 
parent, guaixlian or family physician ; or sell the same to an intoxicated person 
or a person in the habit of becoining intoxicated. 



318 ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 

Any person who shall mix any intoxicating liquor with any beer, wine or 
cider, by him sold, and shall sell or keep for sale, as a beverage, such mixture, 
shall be punished as for sale of intoxicating liquor. 

But nothing in the chapter containing the laws governing the sale or pro- 
hibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors, shall be construed to forbid the sale by 
the importer thereof of foreign intoxicating liquor, imported under the author- 
ity of the laws of the United States, regarding the importation of such liquors, 
and in accordance with such laws ; provided that such liquor, at the time of the 
sale by the importer, remains in the original casks or packages in which it was 
by him imported, and in quantities not less than the quantities in which the 
laws of the United States require such li(|uors to be imported, and is sold by 
him in such original casks or packages, and in said quantities only. 

All payment or compensation for intoxicating liquor sold in violation of the 
laws of this State, whether such payments or compensation be in money, goods, 
lands, labor, or anything else whatsoever, shall be held to have been received in viola- 
tion of law and equity and good conscience, and to have been received upon a 
valid promise and agreement of the receiver, in consideration of the receipt 
thereof, to pay on demand, to the person furnishing such consideration, the 
amount of the money on the just value of the goods or other things. 

All sales, transfers, conveyances, mortgages, liens, attachments, pledges and 
securities of every kind, which, either in whole or in part, shall have been made 
on account of intoxicating liquors sold contrary to law, shall be utterly null and 
void. 

Negotiable paper in the hands of holders thereof, in good faith, for valuable 
consideration, without notice of any illegality in its inception or transfer, how- 
ever, shall not be aff'ected by the above provisions. Neither shall the holder of 
land or other property who may have taken the same in good faith, without 
notice of any defect in the title of the person from whom the same was 
taken, growing out of a violation of the liquor law, be affected by the above 
provision. 

Every w'ife, child, parent, guardian, employer, or other person, who shall be 
injured in person or property or means of support, by an intoxicated person, or 
in conse(^uence of the intoxication, has a right of action against any person who 
shall, by selling intoxicating liquors, cause the intoxication of such person, for 
all damages actually sustained as well as exemplary damages. 

For any damages recovered, the personal and real property (except home- 
stead, as now provided) of the person against whom the damages are recovered, 
as well as the premises or property, personal or real, occupied and used by him, 
with consent and knowledge of owner, either for manufacturing or selling intox- 
icating licpiors contrary to law, shall be liable. 

The only other exemption, besides the homestead, from this sweeping liability, 
is that the defendant may have enough for the support of his family for six 
months, to be determined by the Township Trustee. 

No ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous liquors shall be sold within two 
miles of the corporate limits of any municipal corporation, except at wholesale, 
for the purpose of shipment to places outside of sucli corporation and such two- 
mile limits. The power of the corporation to prohibit or license sale of liquors 
not prohibited by hnv is extended over the two miles. 

No ale, wine, beer or other malt or vinous liijuors shall be sold on the day 
on which any election is held under the laAvs of this State, within two miles of 
the place where said election is held ; except only that any person holding a 
permit may sell upon the prescription of a practicing physician. 



ABSTRACT OF IOWA STATE LAWS. 319 



SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIP- 
TION. 

The business of publishing books by subscription, having so often been 
brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations not 
authorized by the publisher, in order to prevent that as much as possible, and 
that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to 
their principal, and the law governing such cases, the following statement is 
made: 

A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by which 
the subscriber agrees io pay a certain sum for the work described; the consid- 
eration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and 
deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price named. The 
nature and character of the work is described by the prospectus and sample 
shown. These should be carefully examined before subscribing, as they are 
the basis and consideration of the promi&e to pay, and not the too often exag- 
gerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, 
for which he is usually paid a commission for each subscriber, and has no 
authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the subscriptions are 
authorized to be made by the publisher. Should the agent assume to agree to 
make the subscription conditional or modify or change the agreement of the 
publisher, as set out by the prospectus and sample, in order to bind the princi- 
pal, the subscriber should see that such condition or changes are stated over or 
in connection with his signature, so that the publisher may have notice of the 
same. 

All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or any 
other business, should remember that the law as written is, that they can not be 
altered, varied or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. 
It is therefore important that all ptersons contemplating subsc^^ibing should 
distinctly understand that all talk before or after the subscription is made, is not 
admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. 

Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can- 
vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed 
mode, and have no authority to do it any other way to the prejudice of their 
principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not 
collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else but money. 
They can not extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind 
their principal for the payment of expenses incurred in their business. 

It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons, 
before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instrument, 
would examine carefully what it is ; if they can not read themselves call on 
some one disinterested who can. 




STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.) 



COUXTIES. 



Appanoose 

Alamakee 

Audubou 

Adams 

Adair 

Buena Vista . 

Benton 

Boone 

Butler 

Bremer 

Blaclv Hawk.. 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Cherokee 

Cass 

Crawford 

Cedar 

Cerro Gordo. . 

Clayton 

Clinton 

Chicka.iaw 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Calhoun 

Davis 

Decatur 

Dubuqu" 

Des Moines 

Delaware 

Dickinson 

Dallas 

Emmet 

Floyd 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Grundy 

Green 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Humboldt 

Howard 

Harrison 

Hancock 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Jefferson 

Keokuk 

Kossutli 

Lee 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Linn 

Louisa 

Mitchell 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Mills 

Madison 

Monroe 

Marshall 

Monona.. 

Muscatine 

Montgomery... 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Polk 

Pochahontas... 
Pottawattoinie 

Powesheik 

Page 

Plymuiith 

Palo Alto 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Story 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Sac 

Taylor 

Tama 

Union 

Van Buren 

Wayne 

Warren 

Winneshcik .... 

Woodbury 

Worth 

Washington ... 

Webster 

Winnebaiio 

Wright..' 

Wapello 

Totals 



Xo. of 
Acres 
of Im- 



No. of 
Acres 
Unim 



proved proved 
Laud. Land. 



161059 

134T(i 

21U6 

65459 

8318: 

33118 

297318 

15693 

149493 

1439G 

2130^^ 

19056 

3T059 

54G3S 

110864 

58058 

248869 

52930 

212291 

29 JS: 

96504 

5SU63 

9S694 

2699(- 

150933 

115T51 

187831 

143665 

472029 

15770 

132435 

99S9 

147098 

179504 

69359 

1159U' 

146059 

59910 

87259 

128331 

29114 

115S23 

94818 

10162 

6396G 

182080 

7292 

191011 

193290 

241021 

278831 

203907 

167389 

208123 

31550 

183832 

108952 

15872 

281118 

151007 

126384 

232398 

199C69 

141512 

161998 

102215 

223735 

52242 

178945 

104G33 

33G26 

18190 

207689 

21928 

124630 

208989 

156782 

58233 

1831 

18400 

23,3515 

14S649 

53180 

39324 

31336 

102S61 

255182 

57005 

153674 

147766 

19126.'j 

24G140 

44179 

4892- 

225176 

97238 

175S9 

35316 

15020.^) 



161083 

156821 
23819 
43735 
55680 
37034 
53911 
71810 
58908 
47001 

151)881 
71418 
39919 
28974 
45304 

283414 
41417 

309895 

151908 
5733 
94772 

309744 
5048- 



No. of 
Acres 
under 
Culti- 
vation 
in 1874. 



116003 
87172 
98561 
58165 
62305 
29850 
57765 
25586 
32130 
98156 
43 '46 

198832 
47926 
49338 
47220 
39930 
36906 

171048 

337431 

341G15 
39933 
50249 
9194 
89357 

142401 
71237 

179732 
63298 
66979 
98999 
48793 
78692 
59757 

318811 
62649 
52922 
70176 

122190 
8i779 
53604 

18S709 
78206 
47532 
56278 
48S32 
50607 
32070 
31406 
56841 
35372 

419489 
48G97 

175471 
51912 
32225 
58329 
19123 
43S74 
39326 

367394 
47201 

235515 
90222 
33216 
99. 
6679.S 

167178 

131670 
5709 
4393' 
55!:52 
61744 
30625 
3'23S7 
63191 



1251 
109388 
15986 
5435 
66265 
27010 
239408 
108642 
124S7 
104S10 
181236 
157210 
33375 
45412 
92785 
15262 
16648; 
48618 
173622 



74104 

391S9 

78803 

26618 

13I39' 

93275 

146244 

976 18 

161357 

11961 

114625 

838 

110708 

133738 

65390 

103039 

135108 

52323 

76S92 

97765 

27013 

61871 

72287 

9005 

52030 

110S31 

6514 

1.58 188 

142101 

193019 

21C.949 

140684 

125590 

149672 

28835 

133380 

88837 

12766 

173655 

100066 

94133 

1.30:;68 

153214 

99837 

137979 

91730 

117303 

39344 

129G99 

86026 

26131 

14G51 

140150 

19il9 

906 i 9 

171388 

115184 

41379 

16679 

50373 

183712 

9933 

47230 

33315 

24179 

79442 

21 1941 

43826 

113263 

117G89 

15373- 

239 169 

3309 

3215 

157884 

70910 

12121 

289.77 

135173 



12627850 8410435 9354905 36907U 42669731 



Spring Wheat. 



No. of 
Bushels 
Harv't'd 



Winter Wheat. 



No. of 



9606 
61880 
687(: 
17917 
27550 
15514 
99106 
32505 
5790 
48878 
89361 
64291 
17481 
31G93 
4012: 
210UL1 
40167 
28199 
86883 
68683 
40162 
26736 
17968 
11040 
5378 
8211 
49240 
10G15 
60401 
5701 
29256 
3911 
62067 
60779 
31096 
13229 
67384 
19391 
27489 
88464 
12016 
3611 
23948 
4889 
20G76 
15020 
3108 
48410 
43515 
43306 
79926 
36090 
16237 
33278 
10798 
10351 
13951 
8132 
52178 
19764 
65534 
31SG2 
45136 
24385 
37533 
11638 
69393 
15'33t 
32375 
1381 
14904 
87G9 
376S6 
7431 
33C09 
57312 
22689 
83C28 
8606 
10D26 
47C98 
26G5S 
22029 
22:)9;; 

1103G 
15116 
97013 
103:3i; 

74.35 
10373 
42173 
112173 
15243 
23092 
41646 
3035 1 

8939 
13629 
17368 



77789 
937639 
89233 
281376 
435014 
162737 

1SJ3G6G 
42923 
77916 
644795 
1108024 
812312 
153159 
401507 
676209 
324894 
640544 
4 1 5463 

1315125 

1010343 
643319 
340161 
217090 
10J631 
S0933 
7il69 
634135 
113396 
71728 
25822 
445848 
1510 
941439 
863670 
435909 
2069U1 
9766JT 
237 7C0 
393574 
497231 
20902 
582803 
143701 
70006 
294682 
180220 
48815 
670247 
550000 
666779 

1107170 
46'2478 
164904 
868.328 
131,39 
72624 
153587 
■76712 
65G597 
1 899:^9 

10S3811 
395532 
529663 
812961 
628314 
101413 

1125382 
183811 
41C471 
551539 
157326 
74737 
5G33,S9 
30774 
588971 
762326 
355792 
442736 
23208 
78831 
762315 
3.30,.97 
317944 
251280 
1100.14 
206S13 

14378'J7 
141188 
58808 
76316 
654679 

1813403 
2;SS73 
410187 
469879 
391031 
162281 
19G166 
157533 



No. of 
I Bushels 



Indian Corn. 



Value of 
Pruducts 



??r.^lB^^^s'^5B;ii.^Ss 



ALies. .jjarv'fd ■'»-^"-^- iHarv't'd -^'-"^s- Harv'td ^Jollars, 



1049 

181 

10 

7 

70 



26 



l.:4J 

12 

3 

3 

7 

10 

5S:9 

817 

84 

8688 

5 



31 
6192 
148 
110 
154C0 
31 



12 



205 
189 
32 
25 
263 
21 



63 



1220 
10 
823 
125 



244 



53 

10928 

143 

61 



1439 
5 

n 



10S38 

1964 

97 

174 

3500 



293 



21030 

4-28 

63 

20 

55 

130 

56105 

12239 

1720 

117310 

50 



186 



968 
'16625 



1080 
7942 

1274 



409 
66739 
1363 



200107 

3-29 

54 

160 

16267 



2697 
2212 
548 

484 
5584 
200 



394 
'475 



20235 
160 



1762 
618 
20 



306S 



960 

121854 

1236 

910 



14193 
"'276' 

"iiiifjg' 



759277 



64,871 
24325 
9225 
25174 
30860 
7888 
83244 
46151 
38685 
28754 
56592 
48831 
8797 
9459 
40582 
17957 
78'224 
9312 
37918 
89297 
16821 
16014 
39066 
10636 
62127 
50184 
67118 
102924 
56150 
3183 
57632 
2197 
26462 
37091 
24066 
73845 
40175 
783037 
38902 
41304 
9998 
9916 
44720 
2067 
20441 
62672 
2301 
£2518 
53962 
77142 
100217 
65423 
5.3061 
75G97 
9781 
59863 
47022 
2645 
91773 
49642 
11274 
83775 
84630 
59513 
69194 
45575 
67699 
21577 
54760 
S9'251 
6379 
2510 
77497 
8931 
472.38 
86748 
71336 
1009T 
6611 
35613 
59071 
51273 
17674 
6780 
8662 
48260 
73231 
24063 
50211 
65G25 
80.'80 
27185 
14647 
3530 
73265 
28113 
1374 
10IK9 
57035 



2383213 


13736 


38734(i 


$161193' 


905921 


12776 


44282! 


1415769 


394655 


788 


3323; 


1841,33 


969777 


3951 


141-293 


695318 


14021 2f 


4455 


15973! 


828171 


2282S1 


2791 


6706! 


207828 


3328921 


15190 


445071 


2664995 


1595752 


10101 


4046-2C 


1018453 


12708 ;i 


13827 


42171! 


1209785 


1026GJ1 


14239 


51 657: 


1144621 


I93959( 


16804 


5,38191 


189842< 


1811251 


17431 


55620! 


261594! 


1801 2C 


4436 


98766 


123343 


315215 


3343 


115595 


3,301! 


1901062 


9079 


17P28: 


1284899 


64863t 


2902 


991,3i? 


48335: 


2843921 


20213 


67.383- 


2606149 


26544; 


7199 


22b09- 


591617 


147126c 


20124 


669893 


208179: 


306133t 


23704 


70-203! 


3019W9 


514'27£ 


11744 


446301 


894656 


550041 


3238 


107577 


451365 


158026C 


12337 


30764; 


7054 98^ 


351 12c 


2993 


73182 


22I6I; 


211556E 


13643 


84570" 


16O809( 


176314C 


10555 


34455] 


1024,54] 


1702391 


25115 


613322 


1636132 


2307935 


9242 


287392 


1772992 


1690i35 


20377 


63211; 


169331^ 


44455 


2403 


372.82 


4533, 


2484896 


9937 


33512- 


150204': 


14273 


1519 


3241 


1524. 


642448 


15461 


- 48772! 


1367371 


1296481 


20770 


704407 


1503127 


7589SS 


9532 


3-2867! 


777106 


1703985 


5419 


17!)615 


1046066 


1482582 


11786 


401945 


159397' 


783027 


4227 


l-2094f 


620905 


1669134 


4145 


153505 


79-2461 


1379961 


10982 


350915 


1066621 


297381 


8974 


9094^ 


200001 


307912 


10210 


3402C8 


734404 


1620192 


3462 


69141 


786677 


57899 


l.:53 


48816 


89405 


670131 


5108 


1682G2 


52762 


2415070 


13393 


358-221 


176567C 


108165 


455 


140(X 


7482211 


2713830 


117.36 


319071 


2005049 


1665318 


23652 


521156 


1750091 


3158178 


17760 


522197 


2447873 


45258f9 


15267 


53223!: 


2916838 


1909534 


1 8-260 


4648-24 


]8!)6416 


1695310 


14005 


446 12? 


153014C 


3327282 


15582 


44760f 


1919728 


119777 


5143 


27857 


105306 


2190306 


11817 


27906!: 


1631518 


1902330 


12665 


342164 


1030354 


10396 


8477 


l3i8E 


82651 


34399:23 


22670 


5850-18 


2590052 


2184G58 


6792 


175755 


1065739 


411961 


14078 


&12C62 


159187S 


3768209 


16646 


496248 


2195785 


3833063 


10937 


335746 


2181346 


1533976 


6528 


232639 


1003509 


2953630 


8743 


265103 


17O903C 


1738916 


11512 


241081 


938362 


2808256 


13611 


463213 


2308-278 


818338 


2S04 


66473 


447665 


1715973 


13287 


403502 


1747906 


1441467 


5322 


2OH-35 


1072127 


106052 


3107 


53!):! 1 


191542 


17279 


1390 


2(829 


69581 


327-2010 


12188 


431841 


2140023 


229263 


2541 


40194 


112666 


1750038 


5278 


168081 


1252629 


3571103 


11416 


333365 


2393022 


2239013 


9758 


34G507 


1293463 


175778 


4161 


1-20137 


43412S 


142957 


2979 


46859 


96616 


1145937 


9118 


23.3t07 


1115782 


2-220346 


15915 


528808 


3041873 


1783477 


11-273 


343265 


1033743 


689536 


2254 


71676 


5730-26 


82039 


4,391 


45096 


166980 


279716 


8033 


6399 


2!8S80 


1419680 


8713 


269637 


908476 


2842859 


1S574 


384409 


2316405 


1130930 


6127 


187748 


6-24260 


18-23622 


12596 


353698 


1439586 


2405187 


13242 


367396 


1361376 


3561365 


8391 


281510 


2208392 


977316 


24307 


8216308 


2265252 


490371 


3072 


91017 


298209 


12-2291 


4415 


161337 


396506 


283-2211 


15701 


433320 


2035264 


917911 


7491 


207193 


733342 


52425 


1327 


45109 


140219 


281821 


4131 


133176 


288685 


2143791 


11570 


293390 


1455319 


36-284542 


982994 


29144332, 


$131530747 



HISTORY or APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



THE DRAGOON TRAIL. 

The first visit ever made by white men, so far as can now be ascertained, 
within the limits of Appanoose County, was during the summer of 1832, by a 
company of diragoons, who left Davenport for a reconnaissance as far west as 
the site of Fort Leavenworth. The company proceeded southwesterly, to the 
Des Moines, crossing near where Agency City now stands ; thence by the points 
now occupied by Drakeville and Moulton, and then west of southwest, through 
Appanoose, passing into Missouri near the southwest corner of Franklin Town- 
ship. Not a foot of their route, after leaving Davenport, had been organized 
into civil divisions, and they had not seen a white settler for nearly a hundred 
miles when they reached the present limits of Appanoose. They were alone in 
the wilderness, and their horses' feet crushed the grass never before trodden 
save by the deer of the forest, the half-wild Indian pony or the raoccasined foot 
of the red man. The Sacs and Foxes, who peeped out from behind their 
leafy barricades to see the dusty cavalcade troop by, well knew that erelong 
the Commissioners would come to enact the solemn farce of ti'eating with them 
for their hunting-grounds ; that the smoke of the emigrant's camp-fire would 
soon be kindled in every grove of their fair possession. 

Little the dragoons cared, as they made their camp at the spring southwest 
of Cincinnati, what the Indians thought, and little they dreamed of the mighty 
tidal wave of emigration in their rear. The camp-kettles were swung, the 
horses picketed and sentinels placed. Supper was dispatched, and after an hour 
spent over various packs of cards, the tired horsemen rolled themselves in their 
blankets and went to sleep under the soft light of the stars that winked to each 
other from every quarter of the firmament, as if they knew more than the slum- 
bering soldiers about the wonderful future of Iowa. Perhaps the stars could 
have foretold who would follow this party — who would seek homes on the prai- 
ries and along the streams of Appanoose ; but if they could, they withheld 
their knowledge, and in the morning the soldiers broke camp and passed into 
Missouri, leaving a faint trail through the southern limits of the county, and 
the fragments of the unburnt fagots at their camping-place as the only evidence 
that the occupation of the Indian country by the Anglo-Saxon had begun. 
But the sun of the Nineteenth Century was mounting toward the meridian, and 
these soldiers were here because their mastei'S needed more elbow-room. 

It is stated that an uncle of Dr. Stevenson, Jr., of Centerville, was a mem- 
ber of this company. 

'^ '' THE BEE TRACE. 

Joseph Shaddon, now a resident of Putnam County, Mo., has stated to Dr. 
Sturdivant, of Cincinnati, that he hunted over a considerable portion of Appa- 
noose County in 1833, and found deer and turkeys very abundant. The dra- 



321 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

goon-trail "was noticed by him east of the Chariton, probably in the neighbor- 
hood of Moulton, and he is probably the first civilian who ever entered the 
limits of this county. 

The State of Missouri was tolerably well settled at that early day, and 
many of its citizens had been reared to an intimate knowledge of hunting and 
woodcraft. The hunter's instinct is a powerful one, and the sons of the " b'ar 
hunters " of Kentucky could not repress the desire to plunge into the wilder- 
ness in search of game, and to follow the streams toward their origin, for honey 
in the summer and for beaver in the fall. Hence, when people came into the 
county in search of claims, they found two trails, the route taken by the dra- 
goons, and the other, with a general northern direction, passing near the pres- 
ent post office of Bee Trace, and known by the Missourians by that name. 
This may have been, originally, an Indian trail. The first settlers say that this 
was a tolerably well-defined wagon-road as far north as Bee Trace, and that it 
could be followed easily into Taylor Township. The marks of wagon-wheels 
could be distinguished leading off toward the groves all along the "bee trace," 
the wagons having probably been brought into the wilderness to carry off the 
honey to be found in the timber. 

Another "bee trace" ran from Missouri diagonally through Davis County, 
and terminated in the vicinity of the present town of Unionville. 

Who made these two trails is a matter of little moment to the present population 
of Appanoose. Those who came in search of bee-trees cared little for the fertile 
soil and its capacity for supplying the farmers of to-day with the comforts of life. 
The bee-hunters were more concerned about the exchange value of beeswax for 
gunpowder and whisky than for the desirability of this region for settlement. 

It is stated that Joseph Sliaddon, now a resident of Putnam County, Mo., 
visited the region along the Chariton in the year 1883, and if so, was among the 
very first to enter what is now Appanoose County. The best attested visit along 
the "bee trace' was that made by William Kirby, who, in the fall of 1839, 
entered Appanoose County a considerable distance on this route. He found 
large numbers of bee-trees, and he took home to Putnam County a large store 
of honey. On this trip he made a claim on the ground afterward taken by Mr. 
Perkins, and now covered partly* by additions to Centerville. His failure to 
remove hither was on account of his wife's objections to go so far from other 
settlements. 

THE FIRST CABIN. 

By common consent, the honor of the first settlement of this county is 
ascribed to Col. James Wells, in 1839 ; but the historian, after careful investi- 
gation, while admitting that this gentleman was the first permanent settler, has 
decided to date the first occupation by a white man in 1838. In that year, 
Ewen Kirby, a young Missourian, having decided to traffic with the Indians, 
came nearly to the edge of the Indian boundary, as understood at that time, 
and built a cabin near the east line of Township 67, Range 18, just inside of 
Pleasant Township, and about due east of where Cincinnati now stands. 
Hither he removed his family and remained two years. In addition to his bar- 
ter business he cultivated a small-truck patch. When he left, it is stated with 
positiveness, that he burned down Fiis cabin. There is reasonableness in this 
statement, for the out-settlement of Missouri was only about ten miles distant. 

THE FIRST WHITE CHILD. 

The first white child born in this county was a daughter to Ewen Kirby and 
wife, in the fall of 1838, and the matron who officiated at this interesting event 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 325 

was Mrs. Caughran, of Putnam County, Mo., who lived eight or nine miles 
away. The girl lived, was named Elizabeth, and is now living at Macon, Mo., 
the wife of Mr. Tate. 

This event, and the building of the first cabin, noted above, were fur- 
nished by Mrs. William Kirby, an aunt of Elizabeth, and are unquestionably 
true ; for Mrs. Kirby was living not far away at the time, and, as stated above, 
her own husband ascended the "bee-trace " two years later. 

Before passing to other subjects, Mrs. Kirby should not be rudely dismissed. 
This aged lady, with her parents, settled in Missouri in 1817, she being then 
ten years of age, and has resided near the Iowa line and in Appanoose County 
for about forty years. She is now living with her daughter, Mrs. Dr. Worth- 
ington, in Caldwell Township, with a memory far brighter and more accurate 
than many people at forty. October 28, 1878, this lady threaded her needle, in 
the writer's presence, without spectacles ; and in an interview two hours long 
furnished many interesting facts, which will be given in their place, and, most 
likely, without further credit to her. This is the lady mentioned above who 
refused to remove to where Centerville now stands in 1839, for she had known 
the hardships of pioneer life in her younger days, and was determined that her 
children should have some opportunity for education. But she is now a resi- 
dent of the county, and her neighbors and family sincerely trust that she may 
live many happy years more among them. 

THE MORMONS EMIGRATE. 

Several pages of this work might be devoted to the rise and progress of that 
most peculiar religious sect, the Mormons. It is not the province of this book, 
however, to treat any subject of present living moment in a fuller or more com- 
prehensive manner than th'e bare recital of facts, and then only so far as those 
facts are introductory to the real history of the county. 

Whether Mormonism is right or wrong, in the abstract, is neither here nor 
there. That such a faith is entertained by a large number of people in this 
country, and that periodic waves of immigration in its interest sweep over the 
continent, going to the far western abode of the leaders of the sect, are well- 
known facts. It is to one of those spasmodic occurrences that this is prefatory. 

Before relating the incidents which form a part of the history of Appanoose 
County, a thought or two is premised relative to the inception of the scheme 
of Mormonism and the remarkable experiences which befell the followers of 
that faith. 

Joseph Smith, the founder of the sect, sprang from an obscure family in 
'Sharon, Windsor Co., Vt. He was born December 23, 1805. When he was but 
ten years of age, his family moved to Palmyra, N. Y., where they bore the repu- 
tation of being a visionary set. Joseph was regarded with the least favor of any 
of the family. He began at an early age to "see visions," and claimed to be 
invested with supernatural powers. He was worthless in all practical matters, 
his education was neglected and he began to exercise his taste for digo-ing for 
hidden treasure. 

In 1823, Smith discovered the plates from which was prepared the Book of 
Mormon. The book was printed in 1830. 

The first organized church of the new dispensation was formed at Manches- 
ter, N. Y., April 6, 1830. The society was composed of but few persons out- 
side of Smith's family. 

The next society was created at Kirkland, Ohio, whither Smith moved in 
1831. Here the numbers were greatly augmented. 



326 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

In 1832, the first Presidency, as it was called, was established in the com- 
munity, with Smith, Rigdon and Williams as equal authorities. 

Brigham Young joined the band at this time, and at once exerted a marked 
influence. He was soon afterward ordained Elder. He was then thirty-four 
years old and was very successful in drawing converts to the church. 

A costly temple was erected at Kirkland and dedicated in 1836. 

Orson Hyde and Heber C. Kimball were sent out to England as mission- 
aries, and the ranks were recruited largely from that section ; Wales contributed 
largely toward the membership. 

In 1838, Smith and Rigdon were compelled to leave Ohio because of finan- 
cial embarrassments. They went to Missouri, where numerous Mormons had 
already congregated. It was at this time that many of the sect forsook the 
leadership of Smith, and charged him with grave oifenses. 

The Mormons began to make their settlement at "Far West," on Grand 
River, in 1836, where they started a town, called " Adam-on-Diamond," and it 
is quite probable that a good many of the converts to that faith, who emigrated 
thither from northern and Central Illinois, followed the dragoon trail southwest 
through Appanoose. The settlement was a large one, and was looked upon 
with great disfavor by the Missourians. A collision arose at an election in 1839, 
which resulted in the State militia being called out in large numbers, and, in the 
winter of 1839-40, the Mormons relinquished the farms they had improved 
along Grand River, and a large number of them removed to Commerce, Illinois, 
during the most inclement part of that season, followed by the others in the 
following spring. 

The movement of the "Saints" was by several routes, during 1839 and 
1840, one of the principal roads selected being that taken by the dragoons in 
1832, and large parties passed through Appanoose County during those years, 
on their way toward Commerce or Nauvoo, which location had been fixed upon 
by the rulers of that sect as the future Canaan. So numerous were the emi- 
grants that when the settlers came they found a well-beaten road already pre- 
pared through the southern part of the county, and which is usually referred to 
in the old records as the " Mormon Trail." 

THE INDIAN OCCUPANTS. 

About a hundred years before the Black Hawk war in 1832, in which the 
whole territory east of the Mississippi was taken for all time from the control 
of the red man, the soil now occupied by Appanoose County was the hunting- 
ground of the Iowa Indians, the Sacs and the Foxes. The Fox Indians were 
mercilessly and relentlessly driven out of Canada, the movement for that pur-* 
pose beginning in 1714, and continuing with great vigor under De Louvigney, 
who gave them a terrible defeat on Fox River. In 1728, De Lignerie drove 
them further westward, and in 1746, the most of the tribe, who had escaped 
with their lives, crossed the Mississippi. Some time after this date, the Sacs, 
who had formed a union in New York with the Iroquois, and had dislodged the 
Illinois tribes from their grounds, which extended as far west as the Des Moines, 
crossed the Mississippi, also, and formed a close alliance with the Foxes. 

The lowas were at one time identified with the Sacs of Rock River, but for 
some cause they separated and started out as a band by themselves. The eight 
leading families of this band formed classes, or parties, known by the names of 
the different animals or birds, which they chose as the types or symbols of their 
respective families — the Eagle, the Pigeon, the Wolf, the Bear, the Elk, the 
Beaver, the Buffalo and the Snake — and were known severally in their tribe 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 327 

by the peculiar manner in which they cut their hair. The Eagle family was 
marked by two locks of hair on the front part of the head and one on the 
back left part ; the Wolf family had scattered bunches of hair left, represent- 
ing islands whence their families were supposed to have sprung ; the Bear 
family left one side of the hair of the head much longer than the other ; the 
Buffalo family left a strip of long hair from the front to the rear part of the 
head, with two bunches on each side to represent horns ; and so on through all 
the families. 

For a time the lowas occupied common hunting grounds with the Sacs 
and Foxes, but feuds eventually sprang up between them, and they became 
greatly diminished in numbers and strength by their powerful enemies. The 
principal village of the Iowa nation was on the Des Moines, in what is now 
Van Buren County, and on the site of the town of lowaville. This was the 
scen*^ of the last great battle between the lowas and the Sacs and Foxes, in 
which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded one division of the attacking 
forces. This battle resulted in a crushing defeat to the lowas, who were driven 
west of the Des Moines in dismay, having lost, in killed and prisoners, a large 
portion of their numerical strength. 

The foUowino; account has been given of the battle : 

" Contrary to long established custom of Indian attack, this battle was 
brought on in the daytime, the attending circumstances justifying this depart- 
ure from the well-settled usages of Indian warfare. The battle-field is a level 
river-bottom, about four miles in length, and two miles wide near the middle, 
narrowing down to a point at either end. The main area of the bottom rises 
perhaps twenty feet alDove the river, leaving a narrow strip of low bottom along 
the shore, covered with trees that belted the prairie on the river-side with a 
thick forest, and the immediate bank was fringed with a dense growth of wil- 
lows. Near the lower end of the prairie, and near the river-bank, was situated 
the Iowa village, and about two miles above the town, and near the middle of 
the prairie, is situated a small neutral ground, covered at the time with a tuft 
of small trees and brush growing on its summit. In the rear of this mound 
lay a belt of wet prairie, which, at the time spoken of, was covered with a dense 
crop of rank, coarse grass. Bordering this wet prairie, on the north, the 
country rises abruptly into elevated broken river-blufts, covered with a heavy 
forest for many miles in extent, and portions thickly clustered with under- 
growth, affording a convenient shelter for the stealthy approach of the 
foe. 

" Th-rough this forest the Sac and Fox war-party made their way in the 
night, and secreted themselves in the tall grass spoken of above, intending to 
remain in ambush during the day, and make such observations as this near 
proximity to their intended victims miglit afford, to aid them in their contem- 
plated attack on the town during the following night. From this situation 
their spies could take a full survey of the village and watch every movement of 
the inhabitants, by which means thej? were soon convinced that the lowas had 
no suspicion of their presence. 

" At the foot of the mound above mentioned, the lowas had their race- 
course, wdiere they diverted themselves with the excitements of the horse, and 
schooled their young warriors in cavalry evolutions. In these exercises, mock 
battles were fought, and the Indian tactics of attack and defense carefully 
inculcated, by which means a skill in horsemanship was acquired rarely excelled. 
Unfortunately for them, this day was selected for their equestrian sports, and 
wholly unconscious of the proximity of their foes, the warriors repaired to the 



328 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

race-ground, leaving most of their arms in the village, and their old men and 
women and children unprotected. 

" Pash-a-pa-ho, who was chief in command of the Sacs and Foxes, perceived 
at once the advantage this state of things aiforded for a complete surprise of his 
now doomed victims, and ordered Black Hawk to file off with his young warri- 
ors through the tall grass and gain the cover of the timber along the river-bank, 
and witli the utmost speed reach the village and commence the battle, while he 
remained with his division in the ambush, to make a simultaneous assault on 
the unarmed men, whose attention was engrossed with the excitement of the 
races. The plan was skillfully laid and most dexterously executed. Black 
Hawk, with his forces, reached the village undiscovered, and made a furious 
onslaught upon the defenseless inhabitants by firing one general volley into 
their midst, and completing the slaughter with the tomahawk and scalping- 
knife, aided by the devouring flames with which they enveloped the village as 
soon as the fire-brand could be spread from lodge to lodge. 

" On the instant of the report of fire-arms at the village, the forces under 
Pash-a-pa-ho leaped from their couchant position in the grass, and sprang tiger- 
like upon the astonished and unarmed lowas in the midst of their racing sports. 
The first impulse of the latter naturally led them to make the utmost speed 
toward their arms in the village, and protect, if possible, their wives and chil- 
dren from the attacks of a merciless assailant. The distance from the place of 
attack on the prairie was two miles, and a great number fell in their flight by 
the bullets and tomahawks of their enemies, who pressed them closely with a 
running fire the whole way, and they only reached their town in time to witness 
the horrors of its destruction. Their whole village was in flames, and the 
dearest objects of their lives lay in slaughtered heaps amidst the devouring 
elements; and the agonizing groans of the dying, mingled with the exulting 
shouts of the victorious foe, filled their hearts with a maddening despair. 
Their wives and children, who had been spared the general massacre, were 
prisoners, and, together with their arms, were in the hands of the victors, and 
all that could now be done was to draw off their shattered and defenseless 
forces and save as many lives as possible by a retreat across the Des Moines 
River, which they effected in the best possible manner, and took a position 

amona; the Soap Creek hills." 

° ^ TREATIES. 

North of the hunting grounds of the Sacs and Foxes, were those of the 
Sioux, a fierce and warlike nation, who often disputed possession with their 
rivals in savage and bloody warfare. The possessions of these tribes were 
mostly located in Minnesota, but extended over a portion of Northern and 
Western Iowa to the Missouri River. Their descent from the north upon the 
hunting-grounds of Iowa frequently brought them into collision with the Sacs 
and Fox.es, and, after many a conflict and bloody struggle, a boundary line was 
established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty 
held at Prairie du Chein, in 1825. But this, instead of settling the difficulties, 
caused them to quarrel all the more, in consequence of alleged trespass upon 
each other's side of the line. These contests were kept up and became so 
unrelenting that, in 1830, the Government bought of the respective tribes of 
the Sacs and Foxes, and the Sioux, a strip of land twenty miles in width on both 
sides of the line, and thus throwing them forty miles apart by creating between 
them a "neutral ground," commanded them to cease their hostilities. 

The boundary line, as surveyed by the terms of the treaty of 1825, was thus 
fixed : Commencing at the mouth of the Upuer Iowa River, on the west bank 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 329 

of the Mississippi, and ascending said Iowa River to its west fork ; thence up 
the fork to its source ; thence crossing the fork of Cedar River in a direct line 
to the second or upper fork of the Des Moines River ; thence in a direct line 
to the lower fork of the Calumet or Big Sioux River, and down that river to its 
junction with the Missouri River. 

On the 15th of July, 1830, the Sacs and Foxes ceded to the United Stares 
a strip of country lying south of the above line, twenty :niles in width, and 
extending along the line aforesaid, from the Mississippi to the Des Moines 
River. The Sioux also ceded, in the same treaty, a like strip on the north side 
of the boundary. Thus the United States came into possession of a portion 
of Iowa forty miles in width, extending along the Clark and Cass line of 1825, 
from the Mississippi to the Des Moines River. This territory was known as 
the "Neutral Ground," and the tribes on either side of the line were allowed 
to fish and hunt on it unmolested till the Winnebagoes were removed to it 
in 1841. 

Thus the Southern boundary of the "Neutral Ground" wits established 
to pass near Vinton and Fort Dodge, and Appanoose became a part of the 
possession of the Sacs and Foxes, under the protection of the National Gov- 
ernment. 

In 1832, the Sacs and Foxes relinquished a strip of country fifty miles wide 
bordering on the Mississippi, from Minnesota to Missouri, and accepted in 
exchange a reservation of 400 sections lying along the Iowa River. In 1836, 
the Indians ceded a strip lying alongside of the land relinquished in 1832, 
twenty-five miles wide in the center and terminating in a point at each end. 
Another treaty was made with the allied tribes in 1837, by which they agreed 
to dispose of all their lands lying south of the "Neutral Ground," but the 
bargain was not consummated. 

The last treaty was made with the Sacs and Foxes October 11, 1842 ; rat- 
ified March 23, 1843. It was made at the Sac and Fox Agency (Agency City), 
by John Chambers, Commissioner on behalf of the United States. In this 
treaty, the Sac and Fox Indians " ceded to the United States all their lands 
west of the Mississippi to which they had any claim or title." By the terms of 
this treaty they were to be removed from the country at the expiration of three 
years, and all who remained after that were to remove at their own expense. 
Part of them were removed to Kansas in the fall of 1845, and the rest the 
spring following. In the fall of 1843, under the stipulations of this treaty, a 
line was surveyed northward from the Missouri State line, by George W. Har- 
rison, which passed by the red rocks of the Des Moines, about one mile west of 
the present town of that name. 

THT FIRST PERMANENT SETTLEMENT. 

The first person to take and reside upon a claim within the present limits of 
Appanoose was Col. James Wells, who selected a location in Section 16, Town- 
ship 67, Range 16, and built a cabin thereon in the summer or fall of 1839. 
His family accompanied him, and this household comprised the sum total of 
settlement during that year. Two years afterward. Col. Wells began the con- 
struction of a saw-mill on his claim. 

During 1841, Adolphus Stevens made a claim not far from Wells, and Austin 
Jones also settled near by in the same year. Mr. Stevens still resides on the 
claim made by him thirty-seven years ago. Jones only remained a few years, 
and emigrated to California. It is stated that Jaclc Klinkenbeard made a claim 
near Stevens the same year. 



330 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

In the summei' of 1841, J. F. Stratton came into Appanoose, leaving his 
family at St. Francisville, Mo., in search of a claim, a portion of which he laid 
on Section 2, Township 67, Range 18, a little over a mile east of the present 
town of Cincinnati. Here he built a cabin and then returned to Missouri, 
expecting to remove soon. This was the first claim made west of the Chariton 
River. 

The statement has been made that Jack Vinton made a claim near the 
spring, one mile southAvest of Cincinnati, as early as 1837, and that he used to 
keep the Mormons passing to and fro, but Mr. Stratton says he visited the spring 
in 1841, and that there was no evidence of any one ever having lived there. 
It is very likely that Vinton hunted in that vicinity in the year claimed, but it 
is quite certain that he did not settle. Mr. Stratton says the only settler in 
that neighborhood was a Mr. Robinson, who lived about two miles south of the 
spring, and just over the boundary line. Mr. Stratton adds that he left his 
chest of tools with Robinson while looking about for a claim. 

Soon after this and probably the same year, a man named Moore built a log 
house in what is now Caldwell Township, in the south part of the county. He 
subsequently, against his will, exchanged his home for one in the Penitentiary 
of Missouri, being sent there for horse-stealing. 

About the same time, William Level settled in the same vicinity, who was 
accused of having more wives than the law recognized as proper for one man to 
have. He was arrested and confined in jail in Putnam County, Mo. After his 
arrest, a stranger rode up and inquired of one of his boys for the father. The 
boy said they had taken him to jail. " What for? " asked the stranger. " For 
keeping Jane," replied the lad. It would seem, from this, that the pioneer 
settlers were determined to maintain a high code of morality. 

William and his wife had taken a girl to raise, as the story runs, and when 
she grew up, William made a wife of her by brevet. His other wife submitted 
for a while, but they soon quarreled, and Level built a new house for the young 
woman. When arrested, he was found guilty, and sentenced to a term in jail. 
There was no jail, and the Deputy Sheriff kept him as a clerk in a little store. 
Wilson, his jailer, was a kind-hearted man, and allowed Level the use of a horse 
every Saturday evening to ride home and stay with his families over Sunday. 
He remained two or three years and migrated, afterward going to California, 
taking both wives with him in all his journeyings. The brevet wife bore him 
two or three children. Dr. Worthington, who gives the above, says he has 
treated both women in his professional capacity. The imprisonment of Level is 
believed to have been in 1844. 

William Cooksey and family settled not far from Col. Wells, either in the 
fall of 1841 or spring of 1842, and in the latter year, Solomon Hobbs made a 
claim in ToAvnship 07, Range 17, and Robert Caughran and George Buckner 
also made locations in the southern part of the county. 

Various others built shanties in different parts of the county in the spring 
of 1842, and planted patches of corn and potatoes; but this was surreptitiously 
done, for, by the terms of the treaty of 1836, no white person could settle on 
Indian lands, and, by the treaty of 1842, the whites were again prohibited from 
settling on the lands purchased in that year, until May 1, 1843, or even to 
carry an ax into the Indian country. A party of dragoons from the post at 
Agency, on the Des Moines, visited Appanoose County, in the summer of 1842, 
warned off the settlers and destroyed their improvements. How, then, did 
Wells, Stephens, Cooksey, Jones, Buckner and Caughran manage to hold their 
claims ? 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 331 



THE BOUNDARY QUESTION. 

Joint Resolution No. 7, passed in February, 1844, recites that, in the fall 
and winter of 1839, an unjust claim was made by the Governor of Missouri to 
a portion of territory lying within the limits of Iowa ; that the Marshal of 
Iowa, acting by National as well as Territorial authority, had called for an 
armed posse to preserve peace and to resist the encroachment of Missouri 
authority within the well-known limits of Iowa ; that several hundred patriotic 
citizens had obeyed the Marshal's summons late in 1839, marching in an 
inclement season ; that an account of the expenses had been taken by a 
United States official, but had not then been liquidated. These things having 
been recited, Hon. A. C. Dodge, then Territorial Delegate in Congress, was 
called upon, not only to secure pay for the volunteers, but for the Marshal's 
services as well, " in preserving the peace and protecting the southern boundary 
of Iowa." 

Chapter 23, Laws of 1846, approved January 17, recites the fact of the 
arrest of the Sheriff of Davis County by the authorities of Missouri, and the 
probability of litigation arising from the dispute between Iowa and Missouri. 
The Governor was accordingly authorized to draw upon the Territorial Treas- 
urer for ^1,500 to defray counsel fees in cases where either the Territory or its 
citizens might be a party against Missouri. 

Chapter 3, Laws of the First General Assembly, approved January 16, 
1847, authorizes the Governor to agree with the State of Missouri for the com- 
mencement and speedy terminacion of a suit in the Supreme Court of the 
United States to determine the true location of the boundary line between the 
two States. The sum of $1,000 was appropriated to defray the expenses of the 
same. 

This dispute arose in consequence of two surveys having been made of the 
northern boundary of Missouri, the first begun at the head of the rapids in 
the river Des Moines, and the second at the foot of the Des Moines Rapids, in 
the Mississippi. The difference between the initial points was nearly nine 
miles. Missouri having elected to assume the northern line as her boundary, 
and Iowa the southern line as hers, there was, of course, a conflict of jurisdic- 
tion over a strip of country nearly nine miles in width, it being claimed by 
both Iowa and Missouri. The line claimed by Missouri passed very nearly 
through the railway junction at Centerville. 

The above peculiar condition of the southern part of the county enabled the 
persons we have mentioned to remain by claiming to be within the limits of 
Missouri, and consequently outside of the Indian boundary. The soldiers 
Avould, of course, not exceed their orders, and these settleis were allowed to 
remain. 

As long as the boundary question remained unadjusted, people did not care 
to invest much money in " Chaldea," or Centerville; for, if Missouri's claim 
should be established, Appanoose County would certainly remove its seat of 
justice further north. But the pacific disposition of Iowa having been recip- 
rocated by Missouri, people had no fear of the result of the litigation, and were 
willing to invest in Centerville. Hence the growth of this town may be said 
to have begun with the termination of the boundary dispute. 

This vexed question was not settled till 1850, when the boundary was estab- 
lished by commissioners, who had the line carefully surveyed. Posts were 
erected a mile apart, every tenth post being of iron. One of these, the one- 
hundredth, stands in the eastern part of Section 22, Caldwell. 



332 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Accounts do not now agree as to the actual amount of war waged in 1839. 
One writer asserts that a martial spirit pervaded Van Buren County ; troops 
were organized, and history records no war more bloodless than the one which 
ensued, in which Van Buren took a conspicuous part, some of her citizens 
acquiring great distinction as officers. After a manifestation of the most 
undoubted pluck and heroism on the part of the Iowa troops, and the exhaus- 
tion of the supply of liquors on both sides, an armistice was declared, and it 
was agreed to submit to the arbitrament of the Supreme Court. 

Dr. Sturdivant's father served as a volunteer in this campaign, and the 
Doctor says the above is not a fair account of the matter ; that the Iowa men 
were orderly and strictly obedient to discipline, being well aware of the possi- 
ble results that might follow from a collision between the two armed forces. 
The Iowa men were anxious for peace, if possible ; but no less determined to 
maintain the boundary as they understood it. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, of Caldwell, was one of the Missouri heroes, and 
says the cause of the assembling of forces was owing to the arrest of the Clark 
County (Missouri) Sheriff by the SheriflF of Van Buren County. The two 
officers met on the disputed strip while collecting taxes, and the Van Buren 
man bagged the other, who was sent to jail at Iowa City. The Clark County 
citizens wanted their SheriflF back, and Dr. Worthington says the two forces 
marched near enough so that chance rifle-shots could be heard from the oppos- 
ing lines. But the Clark County Court did not wish to precipitate a bloody 
struggle among neighbors, and appointed a commission, composed of Col. 
Mitchell, Judge Wagner and Col. Rutherford, to treat with the Iowa Legis- 
lature, then in session at Burlington, for a release of their SheriflF, and also to 
secure peace, if possible. The basis of agreement, as remembered by the Doc- 
tor, was that the SheriflF should be released, and that Missouri should continue 
to collect the taxes on the disputed strip until the matter should be adjusted, 
when, if Missouri lost the case, the money so collected should be refunded to 
Iowa. The Commission succeeded in their delicate negotiations, and the inter- 
necine strife was over. 

FURTHER SETTLEMENT. 

The fame of the country had spread far and wide ; even before the Indian 
title was extinguished, many were crowding the borders, impatient to cross over 
and stake out their claims on the choicest spots they could find in the new ter- 
ritory. As soon as the country was opened for settlement, the western borders 
of the Black Hawk Purchase, up the principal rivers and streams, and out over 
the broad and rolling prairies, began to be thronged with eager land-hunters 
apnd immigrants seeking homes in Iowa. It was a sight to delight the eyes of 
all comers from every land — its noble streams, beautiful and picturesque hills 
and valleys, broad and fertile prairies, extending as far as the eye could reach, 
with a soil surpassing in richness anything which they had ever seen. It is 
not to be wondered at that immigration into Iowa was rapid, and that within 
less than a decade from the organization of the Territory it contained 150,000 
people. 

"Manifest Destiny" ought to have been engraved beneath "E Pluribus 
Unum," and never was a greater realization of the truth of the words than in 
the settlement of Iowa. The movements of population in ancient times to 
those of the nineteenth century were as the hovel of the Italian peasant com- 
pared to the grandeur of the Vatican, by which he passes daily. The Anglo- 
Saxon is ever pressing westward. From the prehistoric time, when the Aryan 
people first turned their backs upon the Himalayas, the white man has marched 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 333 

•westward, always westward, until he has almost accomplished his journey's end 
— the circuit of the globe. He is already standing at the Golden Gate, look- 
ing out upon the Pacific, and erelong he shall arrive at the home of his fore- 
fathers, his pilgrimage accomplished. What then ? 

May 1, 1843, there Avas no longer any prohibition to settlement in any part 
of Appanoose. In the spring of this year, J. F. Stratton returned to Appa- 
noose, accompanied by his brother Joseph. He had decided to abandon the 
claim he had made in 1841, owing to his repugnance to the institution of 
slavery and his fear that the claim might be left within the Missoui'i boundary. 
Accordingly, he made a new claim in Sections 2 and 10, Township 69, Range 
16 (Udell), where, assisted by his brother, he built a cabin. This accomplished, 
he returned to Missouri for his family, leaving his brother in charge of the claim. 

The other settlers during this year were J. B. Packard, who selected a 
claim in what is now Sharon Township ; George W. Perkins, who settled near 
the site of Centerville, and made preparations to start a nursery ; James Manson, 
who made a selection within the present limits of Bellair Township. 

John and William Crow, John W. Clancy, William Money, Samuel and 
Stephen Trimble, located in what is now Udell Township. 

. James Wright, William Bratton and Jehiel Troxell located within the pres- 
ent limits of Washington. 

Josiah B. Packard, William Packard, B. L. Packard, E. A. Packard, J. M. 
Packard and John F. Overstreet chose claims bordering along Chariton, in the 
timber which was afterward called Packard's Grove. 

Thomas Wilson, William S. Manson and Thomas G. Manson made their 
claims in the vicinity of the little stream subsequently called Monson's Branch, 
and did some work in improving, but did not bring their families from Lee 
County till 1844. 

Indeed, this was the case with several others who came to make their claims 
during this year. The Crows, like the rest, had but little means ; so leaving 
their families in their new cabins in the wilderness, they started out for the set- 
tlements along the Des Moines in search of work. Their families were left to 
the oversight of Mr. Stratton, and when the men returned they requited his 
services by presents of flour, which proved very acceptable. 

PROBABLY A HORSE-THIEF. 

Mr. Stratton relates that while on his way to Appanoose in 1843, and just 
before reaching the Mormon trail, he went in advance of his brother, expecting 
soon to come to the trail. Becoming weary, he lay down in the tall grass to 
wait for the wagon. Soon he heard the tramp of horses' feet just north of him, 
and looking out saw a travel-stained, hard looking customer on horseback and 
leading another horse, riding by at a moderate gait. Mr. Stratton hailed him, 
and asked him to stop, but the fellow made no reply, and urged his horses into 
a trot. Stratton again bade him stop, at the same time raising his rifle, but the 
fellow at this menace started his horses into a gallop, and was soon out of sight. 

In this connection, it is stated that in the fall of 1843, some of the Caugh- 
rans, John Johnson, Ewen Kirby and a few others, living within the present 
limits of Missouri, ascended the "'' bee trace " some distance, with the avowed 
intention of driving off" several settlers, whom they accused loudly of having 
harbored several suspicious characters. Their forward march was quite val- 
orous, but they found their antagonists more plucky than they had expected, 
and beat a precipitate retreat homeward. Had they not done so, they would 
have been lucky to get home alive. 



334 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY, 



FOUND DEAD. 

In 1842. or the following year, Col. Wells found a man dead not very far 
from Kirkendall's cabin. The body was in a sitting posture, leaning against a 
tree, and the head bent forward. Investigation showed that a bullet from some 
unknown marksman had penetrated the man's brain. One hand held an open 
memorandum-book, and beneath the other was a pencil on the ground. The 
entries resembled the notes of some one looking up lands ; but as the township 
lines had not yet been laid, this seemed inexplicable. It is barely possible that 
the man had been riding away a horse not his own, had been followed, captured 
and put to death, and that the entries had been made by his executioners, in 
order to lead possible inquiry on a false scent. This is the first death known 
to have occurred in the county, but who the man was, or how he came there, is 
now a mystery. He was given as decent a burial as the little settlement could 
afford. 

APPANOOSE CREATED — FIRST ELECTION. 

Section 2 of Chapter 34, approved February 17, 1843, reads as follows : 

• Section 2. That the following boundaries shall constitute a new county, to be called Appa- 
noose, to wit : Beginning at the northwest corner of Davis, and running west on the township 
line dividing Townships (70) seventy and (71) seventy-one, to Range 20 west; thence south 
on said range line to the Missouri State line ; thence on said line to the southwest corner of 
Davis County ; thence north to the place of beginning, which county, with that of Davis, and all 
the territory lying west, shall be attached to Van Buren County for judicial, revenue and elec- 
tion purposes. 

Section 12 of the same act required the Commissioners of each organized 
county to have the boundaries of attached counties surveyed, which survey was 
to remain good until surveyed by Government authority. 

Section 13 authorized the Governor to appoint as many Justices of the Peace 
in the newly-created counties as he might deem necessary, and each Justice so 
appointed had the power to designate two Constables. 

Section 15 required the new counties to refund the expenses incurred in the 
preliminary survey of their boundaries. 

Section 13 of Chapter 122, Laws of 1844, approved February 15, attached 
Appanoose to Davis County for election, revenue and judicial purposes. 

By virtue of the above act, the Commissioners of Davis County erected 
Appanoose into a voting precinct, and the first election was held at the house 
of J. F. Stratton, April 1, 1844, at which only nine votes were polled. The 
Judges were J. F. Stratton, William Money and Joseph Crow, and the Clerks 
William Crow and John Stratton. The electors were William Crow, Joseph 
Stratton, John Crow, Stephen Trimble, William Money, John W. Clancy, J. 
F. Stratton, Samuel Trimble and Jehiel Troxell. 

Jonathan F. Stratton was elected Justice of the Peace for the county, which 
was Precinct No. 5 of Davis County, and Joseph Stratton and William Money 
were chosen Constables. The duplicate poll-list of this election is carefully 
preserved by Mr. Stratton, who states that there were at the time not more than 
two or three other voters in the precinct, exclusive of those who lived south of 
the line claimed by Missouri. It is probable that the Mansons and some others 
had not yet returned to their claims. \ 

■ ROADS AND MAIL-ROUTES. 

Chapter 15 of the Acts of the Territorial Legislature of 1844, approved 
February 14, provided for the location of a Territorial road from Keosauqua by 
way of the county seat of Davis to the county seat of Appanoose, " or as near 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 335 

the center of said county as practicable, if the county seat of said county is not 

located when said Commissioners shall proceed to locate said road ; thence to 

the western line of said county." Samuel Morton, St. Clair Griffin and John 

Arrowsmith. of Van Buren, were designated as Commissioners, and were 

required to meet at the house of Solomon Richardson on the 1st of June, 1844, 

or within six months thereafter. 

Joint Resolution No. 8, passed at the same session, called upon A. C. Dodge, 

then delegate in Congress, to use his best exertions to secure the establishment 

of various mail-routes, one from Fox Post Office in Van Buren County, by way 

of Davis Court House, to the center of Appanoose County, being specified 

among the rest. 

=> FIRST MARRIAGE. 

Undoubtedly the first marriage ever solemnized in the county was that of 
William Wells, eldest son of the Colonel, to Mahala, daughter of William 
Cooksey ; and this important event occurred about July, 1844. It is believed 
that the rite was said by a Justice of the Peace, and according to the laws of 
the State of Missouri in siich cases made and provided. 

EARLY BIRTHS. 

It is believed that the second birth in the county was that of William 
Shauver, Jr., son of the millwright employed by Col. Wells, and that this 
transpired in 1842, or about four years after that of Elizabeth Kirby. 

The next birth was that of a daughter to F. A. Stevens and wife, in April, 
1843, by whom she Avas named Elizabeth. 

INDIANS AND WHITES. 

Many Indians lingered on the " New Purchase " till 1845, hunting and 
trading with the settlers. The Sacs and Foxes had always been peaceably dis- 
posed toward the whites, and very few settlers had any trouble with them. 

In the summer or fall of 1844, however, a large band of Indians visited the 
southwestern part of the county. Several Missourians had made claims in the 
vicinity, and, being fearful that the Indians would steal from them, ordered 
their visitors off, and undertook to seize and flog some of them. The chief of 
the band, however, who was near by, collected his men and, repairing to the 
scene, sternly informed the whites that there would be instant trouble if they 
persisted in their intentions. Seeing themselves greatly outnumbered, the 
whites gave over their intention indefinitely. 

GAME, ETC. 

When the first settlers came, deer, elk and antelope were not plentiful, the 
Indians having hunted them down and thinned their numbers. Still, venison 
could be had without much trouble, and deer became annually more plentiful 
for several years. Antelopes were occasionally seen, but soon disappeared. 

Wild turkeys and prairie chickens were abundant, and it was not difficult 
to bag several of either kind of birds in a couple of hours ; but the pioneer 
hunters preferred to hunt for deer, and when in search for this game would not 
condescend to shoot at a turkey. As Mr. Dean quaintly expresses it, " When 
they went deer-hunting, they didn't go turkey-hunting." 

Bee-trees were to be found along the smaller streams, particularly in the 
vicinity of Chariton River, and one skilled in woodcraft could obtain honey 
along the streams for several years after the first settlement. The usual prac- 
tice was to search in the vicinity of the timber till a bee was found, when it 



336 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

would be Avatched till it had gathered its load. This done, it would make a 
"bee-line" for the tree to which it belonged. The hunter would follow this 
course into the timber, but if he could not readily find the tree, he would search 
for another spot, considerably one side of the place where he had found the 
first bee, when, by waiting awhile, he would be able to trace the flight of 
another. Of course, the angle formed by the meeting of these courses would 
be about where the tree stood of which he was in search. Sometimes the 
hunter had a little box partly filled with honey and covered with a lid. If he 
could capture several bees, they would be placed in the box and allowed 
to load themselves. One being released, the hunter would follow its course 
as far as he could with safety, when another would be allowed to fly, and 
soon till he arrived at the tree, on a line quite as accurate as if run with 
a compass. 

Bears and panthers were almost unknown. Mr. Stratton states that once, 
when going from his claim toward Centerville, he noticed some tracks in the 
light snow, that he supposed to be those of a timber-wolf; but, coming to where 
the animal had made a leap of several paces, he knew it to be a panther. It is 
stated by old hunters that they had no fear of these animals, for they were 
always cowardly, and preferred to battle with a sheep rather, than with man or 
any animal that would face them. 

Wildcats were numerous in the tiVnber lands, but were not to be feared, 
except in a close encounter. 

The most troublesome and altogether vicious enemies of the pioneers were 
the wolves. These pests would not only howl around the lonely cabin all night, 
but were always ravenous and ready to pounce upon any unguarded calf, pig, 
sheep or chicken that they could get at, and the settlers were obliged to build 
pens against their cabins in which to keep their small stock. Chickens were 
frequently taken into the house in order to preserve them from the attacks of 
wolves, polecats and weasels. 

Prairie rattlesnakes were very numerous for many years after the .county 
was settled. Mr. Stratton gives an instance that is worth relating. After he 
had brought his family to his new cabin, in returning home one evening he 
gathered up a lot of hickory bark that had been peeled from some rails, intend- 
ing it to be used for fuel. This he threw down near the door, and went to bed at 
an early hour. Soon afterward, he heard a calf bleating and gasping in a 
peculiar manner, and got up, thinking perhaps a wolf had attacked it. Get- 
ting a light, what was his horror to see a rattlesnake under his brother's bed, 
coiled, and with head erect for a fight. He seized the Jacob's-stafi" of his com- 
pass to kill the reptile, but just then his dog rushed in, seized the snake and . 
killed it, but not before the snake had bitten the faithful fellow. The calf was 
then attended to, and the investigation showed that the snake had bitten it in 
the neck, and had then bitten several chickens and a hen under his bed before 
he got up. Mr. Stratton doctored the calf, dog and hen, and all recovered. It 
was too late for the chickens, for they were dying when he discovered their con- 
dition. The dog always afterward had a violent antipathy toward rattlesnakes, 
and would attack and kill them whenever he could find them, and would prick 
up his ears whenever the word snakes was mentioned. Mr. Stratton believes 
he had carried the snake to the house in the bark he had gathered up. 

About 1865, Thomas Shoemaker, of Sharon Township, was bitten in the 
thumb by a rattlesnake while loading a grub on his wagon, the reptile having 
nested in the roots. The poor man died in two or three days, having suffered 
untold agony. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 337 



THE GEOLOGY. 

The surface of Appanoose County is, generally speaking, a nearly level 
plain, lying on the water-shed dividing the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. 
The depressions for the river and creek beds are shallow, and it is probable that 
the extreme difference between the water-bed of Chariton River and the highest 
prairie summits will not exceed a hundred and fifty feet. The soil of the county 
is a brownish-gray loam, largely intermixed with clay, but yet tempered suffi- 
ciently with sand to be easily plowed and cultivated. It also absorbs the rain- 
fall rapidly, so that very muddy roads are rare. The surface soil is of ample 
depth and very fertile. The substratum is nearly pure clay, and with proper care 
any portion of the subsoil of this county can be made into excellent brick. 

Both Prof. White and Mr. St. John visited Appanoose County in 1868. and 
the former gentleman records that it is now known that all three of the divis- 
ions of the coal-measure group occupy the surface beneath the drift ; the Lower 
occupying the northwestern portion, the Middle traversing it near the center, 
and the base of the Upper appearing as ledges of limestone along Cooper Creek, 
west of Centerville. In the valley of that stream, Mr. Talbot had opened a 
mine in a three-foot vein of good quality. This is regarded as the upper bed 
of the Middle coal-measures, and whatever other beds may exist within the 
county doubtless belong beneath it. Thus, the place of all the heavy beds of 
coal found elsewhere is at considerable depth here ; but they may be looked for 
nearer the surface in the northeastern part of the county. It is believed that a 
shaft sunk in the valley of the Chariton River near Centerville, would pass 
through all there is of the coal-bearing strata within three or four hundred feet. 
There are good reasons for believing, also, that one or more good beds of coal 
would be passed through at. that or a less depth, besides the one worked by, Mr. 
Talbot. 

W. P. Fox, the Geological Commissioner of Iowa at the Centennial Exhi- 
bition, visited Appanoose County in 1875, and made a statement, which is 
undoubtedly true, that a vein of coal exists beneath the one now being worked, 
and gave it as his opinion that it lies from thirty-five to fifty feet below the 
other. There is no reason to disbelieve his statement that the lower vein should 
be five or six feet in thickness. Mr. Fox claimed that the slate overlying the 
coal is suitable for roofing purposes ; but this was a blunder on his part, and 
pointed out the immense deposit of potter's and fire-clay overlying the shale. 

Mr. Fox also visited the saline springs in the edge of Davis County, and 
describes them as being located in an outfield of the Onondaga salt group, 
which was certainly an egregious blunder on his part ; for if that formation 
exists in Iowa at all, it must lie at least five hundred feet below the coal-beds. 
The saline character of the Davis County springs is owing undoubtedly to local 
peculiarities. 

After the above paragraph had been written, the compiler had an opportu- 
nity to consult Owen's Survey of the Northwest, made in 1849. That dis- 
tinguished and reliable scientist visited several mineral springs in the eastei'n 
part of Davis County, and states, on page 111 of his report, that the chemical 
analysis showed the water to contain chloride of sodium, chloride of magnesia, 
bicarbonate of iron, bicarbonate of lime, sulphate of magnesia and sulphate of 
soda. The salt exists, it is true, but the other minerals mixed with the water 
would render it worthless as a commercial article. Fox must have been well 
aware of Owen's visit to this neighborhood, for he was himself an assistant in 



338 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Prof. Whitney's survey ten years later, and his assertion that the springs along 
Soap Creek have any value should be entirely disregarded. 

THE ORIGIN OF COAL. 

It is believed that a further discussion of the topic with reference to the 
coal-mines may not be out of place. This article of commerce is found in vari- 
ous places in the geologic series of formations, beginning with the Middle Car- 
boniferous, in which stratum belong the coal-seams found in this county, and 
ending with those much more recent in point of time, which are found in the 
Middle Tertiary. These latter beds are found best exposed in Wyoming Terri- 
tory, and are in all about thirty feet in thickness. 

But the coal-field in Iowa belongs to the true Carboniferous system of the 
writers upon the subject, and is, moreover, the outfield of the vast coal-basin 
partly covering this State, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania. It is 
only in the AUeghanies that subterranean action has converted any part of the 
coal into anthracite. Everywhere else in the immense basin it is strictly bitu- 
minous, varying, however, from the article as first prepared by the economic 
forces of nature from the block coal of Indiana to the cannel coal found in sev- 
eral places in Iowa. 

In the ancient history of the earth, the leading events of which have been 
slowly deciphered through the researches of scientific men, the earth's crust 
ivas much more plastic than at present, and the climate was more than tropical 
from pole to pole. The carbon now stored beneath many feet of soil and rocks, 
Tvas mingled, in the form of carbonic-acid gas, with the atmosphere. The 
earth's crust lacked the stability it now possesses. A vast plain would gradu- 
ally thrust itself to the surface of the ocean, where vegetation would at once 
begin. Great forests would grow in the tropical heat, fanned by the damp sea- 
breezes, and stimulated by the carbon in the atmosphere. This vegetation was 
usually composed almost entirely of a species of palm and a variety of fern that 
grew to an enormous size. That this is true cannot be disputed ; for in many 
coal districts the stumps of immense trees are to be found in the clay underly- 
ing the coal, and often the trunks can be found only partially converted into 
coal. But what is more curious still, is the fact that in the Nova Scotia mines, 
when the vegetable mold that now forms the coal-bed was buried up, many trees 
were left standing. The lower portions of their trunks were in process of time 
converted into coal, but the upper sections, suiTounded by sand, as that was con- 
verted into rock, became petrified, the bark taking the form of coal. This 
peculiarity is a source of danger to these mines ; for the petrified trunks, as the 
coal is mined away beneath them, are liable to slip from their brittle inclosures 
of ancient bark, and fall to the floor of the mine. More than one workman in 
these mines has been crushed to death by these silicified trees becoming detached 
and falling. 

In explaining the cause of the freedom of coal from impurities of almost 
^ every description. Sir Charles Lyell gives a paragraph which has an important 
bearing on the above. He says : 

The purity of the coal itself, or the absence in it of earthy particles and sand, throughout 
areas of vast extent, is a fact which appears very difficult to explain when we attribute each coal- 
seam to a vegetation growing in swamps. It has been asked how, during river inundations capa- 
ble of sweeping away the leaves of ferns and the stems and roots of Sigillari:« and other trees, 
could the waters fail to transport some tine mud into the swamps ? One generation after another 
of tall trees grew with their roots in mud, and their leaves and prostrate trunks formed layers 
of vegetable matter, which was afterward covered with mud since turned into shale. Yet the 
coal itself, or altered vegetable matter, remained all the wliile unsoiled by earthy particles. This 
«nigma, however perplexing at first sight, may, I think, be solved by attending to what is now 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 339 

■staking place in deltas. The dense growth of reeds and herbage which encompasses the margins 
of forest -covered swamps in the valley and delta of the Mississippi is such that the fluviatile 
watei's, in passing through them, are filtered and made to clear themselves entirely before they 
reach the areas in which vegetable matter may accumulate for centuries, forming coal, if the cli- 
mate be favorable. There is no possibility of the least intermixture of earthy matter in such 
cases. Thus in the large submerged ti'act called the " Sunk Country," near New Madrid, form- 
ing part of the western side of the valley of the Mississippi, erect trees have been standing ever 
since the year 1811-12, killed by the great earthquake of that date; lacustrine ami swamp 
plants have been growing there in the shallows, and several rivers have annually inundated the 
whole space, and yet have been unable to carry in any sediment within the outer boundaries of 
the morass, so dense is the marginal belt of reeds and brushwood. It may be affirmed that gen- 
erally, in the " cypress swamps " of the Mississippi, no sediment mingles with the vegetable 
matter accumulated there from the decay of trees and semi-aquatic plants. As a singular proof 
of this fact, I may mention that whenever any part of a swamp in Louisiana is dried up during 
an unusually hot season, and the wood is set on fire, pits are burned into the ground many feet 
deep, or so far down as the fire can descend without meeting with water, and it is then found that 
scarcely any residuum or earthy matter is left. At the bottom of all these "cypress swamps " a 
bed of clay is found with roots of the tall cypress, just as the under clays of the coal are filled 
with Stigmaria. 

Let a depression of the Lower Mississippi Valley take place, whereby the 
sea shall flow in and cover these " cypress swamps" during a long procession 
of years, and a coal-bed will result. It appears from the researches of Liebig and 
other eminent chemists, that when wood and vegetable matter are buried in the 
earth, exposed to moisture, and partially or entirely excluded from the air, 
they decompose slowly and evolve carbonic-acid gas, thus parting with a por- 
tion of their original oxygen. By this means, they become gradually converted 
into lignite, or wood-coal, such as is found in the Tertiary beds of Wyoming 
Territory, and which contains a larger proportion of hydrogen than wood does. 
A continuance of the decomposition changes this lignite into common or 
bituminous coal, chiefly by the discharge of carbureted hydrogen, or the gas by 
which we illuminate our cities and houses. The disengagement of all these grad- 
ually transforms ordinary or bituminous coal into the anthracite found in Penn- 
sylvania and Jventucky. The gases and water which are made to penetrate 
through the cracks in the rocks forming abov^e the coal, are probably effective as 
metamorphic agents, by increased temperature derived from the interior. It is 
well known that at the present period thermal waters and hot vapors burst out 
from the earth during earthquakes, and these would not fail to promote the 
disengagement of volatile matter in the carboniferous rocks. 

The whole subject is of absorbing interest, but the above outline must suf- 
fice, especially as enough has been said to account for the origin of the Middle 
Carboniferous bed, which is the sole matter in hand. It is enough to add that, 
in all about one hundred and fifty species of vegetable life have been discov- 
ered among the fossil remains in the various coal-fields of the world. 

LOCAL OBSERVATIONS. 

It is stated that the first coal-shaft ever sunk in the county was by B. F. 
Kindig, who found the coal-bed about sixteen feet below the limestone rock 
which crops out in the vicinity. This was in 1863 or 1864 ; but coal had been 
known to exist in the county long before, for it crops out in several places 
along Shoal Creek and its tributaries, and had been mined for several years for 
local uses. 

The shaft of the Appanoose Coal Company, near the railway junction at 
Centerville, was sunk, it is said, twenty or thirty feet below where the coal was 
afterward found. An experienced miner suggested that a side-drift be made at 
a depth of one hundred and twenty feet. The experiment was tried, and the 
coal was found a few feet from the shaft. Other shafts have been sunk below 



340 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

where the coal ought to lie, and trunks of trees, buried in clay, have been founds 
indicating that the coal has, since its formation, been gashed and broken by 
some disturbing cause. This would seem to have been a local upheaval, for the 
reason that the limestone overlying the coal, lying west and south of Center- 
ville, has a positive dip toward the southwest of perhaps fifteen degrees, which 
can be ascertained by visiting the mine owned by Mr. Kindig, and that worked 
by Mr. McClard. Further, the coal-bed itself dips at the same angle. The 
bed probably does not possess this dip for any great distance ; for, as stated, 
above, it appears near water-mark along Shoal Creek, and along the streams in 
the northwest part of the county. The line of disturbance or breakage then 
passes nearly north and south in the vicinity of Centerville. 

The following is given as the order in which the rocks were found in sink- 
ing the shaft of Oliver, Phillips & Dargaval's Mine, in the eastern part of Cen- 
terville, about three years ago, after passing through the surface of soil and 
clay : Hard lime-rock, 8 feet ; soapstone ; hard sand-rock, 2 feet ; soapstone ; 
limestone, nearly 4 feet ; soapstone ; limestone, 1 foot ; soapstone ; " black 
rock," or shale, 2 feet; coal. The sand-rock appears between two layers of 
lime-rock, in the ledge near Talbot's mill, on Cooper Creek, but the soapstone 
is wanting, having apparently thinned out or been dissolved away by the action 
of water. The rock near Talbot's is filled with fossils from top to bottom, all 
apparently of the same species. 

The shaft of the Watson Coal Company, a short distance south of the Rock 
Island Depot, is stated to show the following stratifications : Soil, clay and 
gravel, 80 feet; hard lime-rock, lying in layers and broken by joints, 12 feet; 
shale and soapstone, 8 feet; fossil-bearing (mountain) limestone, 9 feet; black 
slate, 15 feet ; lime-rock, 3 feet ; shale, 16 feet ; lime-rock, 3 feet ; slate, 4 
feet ; lime-rock, 6 feet ; coal, 3 feet. It may be noticed as a curious circum- 
stance that the sand-bed in the Oliver Mine and at Talbot's Mill is wanting in 
the Watson Mine. However, as many layers are entirely wanting in the Iowa 
coal system which are noticed elsewhere, these local variations may be expected. 

In some places in the Avestern part of the county, a thin layer of coal or 
shale has been noticed, which goes to show that the Upper Carboniferous 
touches Appanoose on the west. 

The group of rocks covering the coal belong to the " mountain limestone," 
as named by Dana and sanctioned by Lyell. 

The present railway system of the county does not enable its people to util- 
ize this vast supply of fuel as it should be done ; still it is a very considerable 
industry already ; and when an extension of the railway system is brought 
about, the coal mines of this county cannot fail to become an unfailing source 
of revenue to this community. 

At the mine of the Appanoose Coal Company, the coal is mined in rooms, 
which are 40 feet wide and are run back to a distance of 250 feet, when a room 
worked from the opposite direction is reached. A body of coal sixteen feet in 
width is left between each room and is termed a pillar. Each room is operated by 
two men, who mine the coal, load it on the cars and deliver it at the bottom of 
the shaft, where it is received and hoisted, together with the car, by steam power, 
to the top of the shaft, and then emptied into railway cars waiting to receive it. 
The coal, which is about four feet in thickness, lies 120 feet below the surface. 
The car-tracks on the bottom of the mine are made of light-weight T rails. 

The price to miners at the Watson Mine is now 3| cents a bushel, which is 
the price paid at most of the mines. It is stated that miners can dig from 
fifty-five to eighty bushels a day. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 341 



STREAMS. 



The Chariton Rivex' is the principal stream in Appanoose County. The 
main stream takes its rise in Lucas County, and enters Appanoose near the 
northwest corner. The south fork of the same stream rises in Clark and Deca- 
tur Counties, and discharges into the main stream on Section 14, Independence. 
The union of the two forms a considerable stream, which takes a southeastern 
direction through the county, passing into the State of Missouri between Cald- 
well and Wells Townships. There are several mill-sites along the river, which 
have been made available for many years. Thirty years ago, the river was 
regarded as sufficiently formidable to require the establishment of ferries. This 
stream empties into the Missouri River. 

South Fox and Middle Fox rise in Washington Township, and the north 
fork of the same same stream rises in Udell. These flow eastward into Davis 
County and thence to the Mississippi. 

South Soap rises in Taylor, and North Soap in Union. These are tributa- 
ries of Fox River. 

Big Walnut Creek rises in Wayne County, and flows in a direction north 
of east, through Johns, Bellair and Walnut, and discharges into the Char- 
iton. 

Cooper Creek drains the southern part of Lincoln, flows through Bellair, 
the northern part of Center, receiving the water of Hickory Creek north of 
Centerville, and emptying into the Chariton in Sharon. 

Shoal Creek originates in Wayne County, passes through the northern part 
of Franklin and Pleasant, and in the latter takes a southeastern direction, into 
Caldwell, and flows thence into Missouri. 

There are numerous other small streams, and but few sections in Appanoose 
are destitute of running streams. 

Appanoose thus lies on the water-shed separating the Missouri and Missis- 
sippi Rivers, the Chariton draining into the former great stream, and the Fox 
into the latter. 

TIMBER. 

This county enjoys, above most Iowa Counties, a very equal distribution of 
timbered and prairie land, almost every little stream being skirted with timber. 
Hence, the groves, which in other counties become distinctive features and land- 
marks to the pioneers, known by characteristic names, were not often so desig- 
nated in Appanoose, and localities were designated by the streams or by the 
names of pioneer settlers. "Packard's Grove," east of Chariton, was, how- 
ever, and still remains a well-known landmark. 

CIVIL DIVISIONS. 

In tracing the early settlements of this county, it may be well to insert here 
for reference the civil township divisions as they exist at present (1878). It 
should be stated before naming the townships that the boundary line between 
Missouri and Iowa, as adjudicated in the Supreme Court of the United States, 
begins at the mouth of the Des Moines River, thence up that stream to a point 
two miles south of Farmington in Van Buren County ; thence in a westerly 
direction to the Missouri River, the western terminus being three miles south of 
the initial point. Thus the boundary line divides Sections 19 to 24 in Wells, 
Caldwell, Pleasant and Franklin Townships. Wells Township includes the 
northern part of the Sections just referred to, lying on the boundary of the 
northern half of T. 67, R. 17, and the southern half of T. 68, R. 16; Cald- 



342 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

well is made up by the same description, except that it lies in R. 17 ; Pleasant 
the same, but in R. 18 ; Franklin includes the divided Sections on the boundary 
line, the northern half of T. 67, R. 19, and the southern third of T. 68, R. 19; 
Lincoln, the northern two-thirds of T. 68, R. 19; Bellair, Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 
7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18 in T. 68, R. 18, and Sections 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 

28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, T. 69, R. 18 ; Center, Sections 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 
T. 68, R. 18 ; Sections 23, 24, 25, 26, 35, 36, T. 68, R. 18 ; Sections 19, 20, 

29, 30, 31, 32, T. 69, R. 17; Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, T. 68, R. 17, and that 
pare of T. 69, R. 17, lying west of Chariton River ; Sharon, Sections 1, 2, 3, 
4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, T. 68, R. 17, and Sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 
26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, T. 69, R. 17 ; Washington, the northern half of T. 
68, R. 16, and the southern half of T. 69, R. 17 ; Udell, the northern half of 
T. 69, R. 16, and a strip one and a half miles wide off T. 70, R. 17 ; Douglas, 
the six southern Sections of T. 70, R. 17, and the northern half of T. 69, R. 
17, except that part lying west of Chariton River ; Walnut, the northern two- 
thirds of T. 69, R. 18; Johns, T. 69, R. 19; Independence, T. 70, R. 18; 
Chariton, all of T. 70, R. 18, except the six southern Sections ; Taylor, all of 
T. 70, R. 17, except the six southern Sections ; Union, all of T. 70, R. 16, 
except a strip one and a half miles wide on the south. 

SURVEYS. 

The township and range lines of Appanoose County were run by William 
A. Burt, of Michigan, son of the inventor of " Burt's Solar Compass," in 1843. 
The four eastern townships of the county were subdivided by Lewis V. Davis, in 
November, 1844. Orson Lyon subdivided T. 67, R. 17, and T. 70, R. 17, in 
February, 1845 ; George L. Nightingale did the section work in T. 69, R. 17, 
and T. 68, R. 17 at the same time ; John W. Ellis, T. 69, R. 19, in 1846 ; 
John G. Clark, T. 67, R. 18, in April, 1852, and T. 67, R. 19, in the follow- 
ing June. The rest of the subdivisional work was done by parties whose names 
are forgotten. Burt and Lyon were engageH in the public surveys in Iowa for 
many years, having begun work in the Territory in 1836. 

ENTRIES. 

The first entry of land made in Appanoose County was by Andrew Trus- 
sell, June 22, 1847, who located the northwestern quarter of the southeast 
quarter of Section 1, T. 70, R. 16, paying cash therefor, and receiving his 
patent February 1, 1848. Seven or eight other entries were made in this town- 
ship during 1847, and a considerable amount during 1848 and 1849. But the 
range in which this lies was the only one in Appanoose County open for entry 
until 1850. Here the boundary question again interfered, and the rest of the 
county, although surveyed for two or three years, was withheld from entry until 
the vexed question was settled. Various entries were made in Ranges 17, 18 
and 19, during 1848 and 1849, and the first entries in the remainder of the 
county were made during January and February, 1850. The last scattering 
tracts were taken in 1860. 

The first deed recorded runs from Jesse Wood, George W. Perkins and 
Albird Thompson, composing the Board of Commissioners, to James H. Shields, 
and conveys Lots 9 and 6, Range 4, Block 1, Centerville, for the sum of $30. 
The deed is dated February 12, 1850. As a matter of comparison it may be 
stated that the west half of Lot 1 in the same block and range recently sold for 
$600. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 343 



FIRST FLOURINQ-MILLS. 



The very first flouring mill constructed in the county was that contrived by 
J. F. Stratton, probably in 1845. The lower frame consisted of a bee-gum, in 
which was fitted a small bowlder as a bedstone. Another bowlder was dressed 
to fit above, and a spindle attached, on the top of which was fastened a crank. 
A small box above served as a hopper. This ingenious and simple contrivance 
enabled the family to grind their wheat, corn and buckwheat quite well, and as 
Mr. Stratton took much pains in cleaning his grain, his flour and meal were of 
as good (or better) quality as the grists ground at Bonaparte or in the Missouri 
settlements. Several of Mr. Stratton's neighbors made use of his little mill, 
which, everything considered, in spite of its diminutiveness and slowness, was 
about as convenient as going to other counties to mill. This little mill has by no 
means been cast aside as useless, for it was sold to the pottery at Sharon, and 
is still at work, grinding up the materials for glazing crockery. 

Col. James Wells got his flouring-mill running in Wells Township, some time 
in 1845, which enabled the pioneers to have their grain ground almost at home 
and the perilous winter trip to mill over an almost uninhabited course was no 
longer to be dreaded, or the more comfortable expedition in other seasons, when 
cattle were liable to go astray. Perhaps streams would have to be forded at the 
imminent risk of drowning, and very likely, when the mill was reached, a dozen 
others would be already waiting, and the poor fellow who had three or four 
days' travel to get home, would have to wait a day or two for his grist. 

A corn-mill was set going in the saw-mill east of Centerville, some time in 
the fall of 1850. 

In this connection it may be well to add that the pioneers had no means of 
threshing and cleaning their wheat save by flailing or by tramping with horses 
or cattle. In the latter process, which was comparatively expeditious, the 
bundles of grain were laid in a circle on the ground with the heads inward. 
After being tramped awhile, the straw was stirred, and so the process was con- 
tinued till the grain and chafi" were freed from the straw, when the latter was 
removed, the grain shoveled into a pile, and fresh bundles laid down. The 
separation of the grain from the chafi" was also a tedious process. This was 
either done by waving a sheet up and down to fan out the chaff as the grain 
was dropped before it, or by taking advantage of the strong winds in autumn, 
which were often brisk enough to blow ofl" the chaff quite rapidly, and by 
frequently stirring the grain, a considerable quantity could be cleaned in a 
day. 

Threshing machines and fanning-mills had been in general use several 
years in the States east of the Mississippi ; but the people of loAva were not 
yet " forehanded " enough to invest in any farm implements but breaking-plows 
and hoes. 

It is just as well to add that the first threshing machine ever operated in the 
county was the one owned by William Ware, now a resident of Centerville, who 
did some threshing with it in the southern part of the county, in 1849. This 
was a "chaff-piler," otherwise known, a few years later, as a "flint-lock." 
There are many readers of this page who never saw a thresher of this descrip- 
tion. There was no separator attachment, and the grain fell, inclosed in the 
chaff, at the mouth of the cylinder, while the straw was blown by the current 
created by the motion of the cylinder a little beyond the grain, whence it was 
removed by rakes and forks. The fanning-mill was introduced about the same 
time, and the grain being passed through the hopper two or three times, it was 



344 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

ready for grinding. These ma6hines greatly abridged the processes mentioned 
above ; but, in a few more years, the labor of threshing was reduced considerably 
by the combination of both processes. 

While on this subject, the plows in use prior to 1846 may be mentioned. 
Both breaking and stirring plows were made by blacksmiths. The cutter-bar 
in the one, and the landside and point in both were made of steel, and the 
moldboard of wood. Several plows of this construction were brought to the 
county and used for several years. About 1844, the wooden moldboard was 
laid aside for one made of iron rods, which gave way, two or three years later, 
to a steel moldboard. Cast-iron plows were sometimes tried, but would not 
scour. The first harrows were made by the settlers themselves, and often had 
wooden teeth. 

James Hibbs started a saw-mill near his present home in Franklin, in 1850, 
and various flouring-mills, his own included, were built prior to 1856. 

It is scarcely out of place to mention here one or two of the expedients 
resorted to by housewives, thirty years ago and more, to give variety to their 
cookery. Pumpkin butter, which was quite a palatable article, was made thus : 
Several pumpkins would be allowed to freeze, and then thawed out, when the 
juice would be pressed out and boiled down. To this would be added other 
pumpkin cut into bits, and the Avhole cooked carefully, to avoid scorching, until 
it was about the consistency of apple butter. In the absence of sugar or 
molasses, preserves were made of wild plums, crab- apples, and other fruits, with 
honey or maple sirup, which are said to have been excellent. If the men were 
ingenious in adapting themselves to their limited resources, this paragraph shows 
that their wives were equally so. 

RELIGIOUS. 

The date of the first religious meeting ever held in the county is stated to 
have been at the house of J. F. Stratton December 15, 1844. Two ministers 
of the Baptist faith. Elders Post and Thompson, conducted the services. The 
next meeting was held at the house of Mr. Camp, near where Unionville now 
stands, four weeks later, by one of the above preachers. 

William S. Manson used to preach occasionally after he got settled on his 
cfeiim. The first sermon ever preached at his house was by a Methodist minis- 
ter, whose name is forgotten, in the spring or summer of 1845. The first circuit 
preacher was named Johnson A class was formed in 1847. 

The first Sabbath school in the county was organized, it is stated, by C. H. 
Howel, at his store in Centerville, in 1847. 

A Baptist society was formed a little distance west of Centerville, either in 
1846, or the year following. 

THE FIRST PHYSICIANS. 

Appanoose County was exceptionally well provided, at a very early day, 
with those who professed a knowledge of the art of healing. William S. Man- 
son had acquired some knowledge of medicine in Tennessee, and usually trav- 
eled with pill-bags behind his saddle. He was a man of good judgment, and, 
in ordinary ailments was of considerable help. 

The others were Dr. Shafer, a German, Dr. Sales and Dr. Pewther. The 
first two made considerable pretense to erudition in their calling ; the latter was a 
botanic practitioner. And here Mr. Stratton should not be forgotten, who had 
been familiar with malarial diseases and fevers for many years, and had been 
employed three months, in a hospital in the war of 1812. This gentlemen 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 345 

administered medicine whenever called upon, and exhausted the supply he had 
brought from Missouri. He was himself attacked by a bad form of bilious fever. 
Being out of medicine, and having some doubts of the skill of the other practi- 
tioners, he sent for a doctor from Davis County, whose treatment, he says, nearly 
killed him. 

Mr. Stratton relates that a year or two after Centerville had started, he saw 
the four doctors named above talking together on the public square, one of whom 
beckoned to him to join them. He went to them, when one of the number 
remarked that there was a good deal of sickness prevailing, and asked his 
opinion as to the best methods of treatment. Divining their evident intention 
to have some fun at his expense, he said that he made no pretensions to medical 
skill, but could add that there was not knowledge enough on the subject there 
present to furnish a first-class quack. This put an effectual damper on the inter- 
view, for every one of the other doctors took his speech as an affront. 

It is said that Dr. Pewther was once summoned in haste to attend a case a 
few miles west of Centerville. This was an interesting occasion in the family, 
and several neighboring women were spending the evening with the patient, 
who, very probably, would have survived without a physician's care. Dr. 
Pewther had not been acquainted with the nature of the illness, and as soon as 
he entered his eyes fell upon an iron wedge, which he seized, and then sat down 
on the hearth. Drawing his medicine case to his side, the Doctor selected a 
bunch of herbs, which he began to work into a powder with his extemporized 
pestle. One of the women exclaimed, " I guess you don't understand this case, 
Doctor." "Oh yes, I do," answered the herbalist, who kept hammering away 
at his medicine. The patient was groaning with pain, and the women hardly 
knew whether to scream with laughter, or to cry for sympathy over the sufferer ; 
one of them touched the Doctor on the shoulder, and said, "I guess you don't 
know what's the matter with the patient." "Why, yes I do," cheerfully 
answered Pewther; "I cured a man that was awful sick with the same disease, 
last week." The slang of "royal bounce" was not invented then, but the 
Doctor got it about that minute. 

The first regular physician to settle in the county was Dr. J. H. Worthing- 
ton, who came in 1846, and is still in active successful practice. 



OFFICIAL HISTORY. 

THE COUNTY ORGANIZED. 

Chapter 60 of the acts passed by the Territorial Legislature of 1846, 
approved January 13, reads as follows : 

An Act for the organization of the County of Appanoose. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of the Territory of Iowa, 
That the county of Appanoose be and the same is hereby organized from and after the first 
Monday in August next, and the inhabitants thereof shall be entitled to all the privileges and 
rights to which, by law, the inhabitants of other counties in this Territory are entitled ; and the 
said county of Appanoose chall constitute a part of the First .ludicial District of the Territory. 

Sec. 2. That the first general election in and for said county, shall be held on the first Mon- 
day in August next, at which time the county officers for said county shall be elected ; also such 
number of Justices of the Peace and Constables as may be ordered by the (^Icrk of the District 
Court of said county ; said Clerk having due regard to the convenience of the people. 

Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of the Clerk of the District Court, in and for said county, 
to give notice of the first general election in and for said county, grant certificates of election, 
and in all respects discharge the duties required by law to be performed by Clerks of the Board 
of County Commissioners in relation to general elections, until a Clerk of the Board of County 
■Commissioners for said county may be elected and qualified. 



346 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Sec. 4. That it shall be the duty of the Clerk of the District Court in said county, to per- 
form and discharge all the duties required by law to be performed by SheriflFs in relation to general 
elections until a Sheriff' for said County shall be elected and qualified. 

Sec. 5. That the term of ottice of the county officers elected at the first general election 
under the provisions of this act, shall expire on the day of the general election for the year 1847, 
and the term of office of the Justices of the Peace and Constables elected as aforesaid, shall expire 
on the first Monday in the month of April, 1847. 

Sec. 6. The Clerk of the District Court for said county may be appointed at any time after 
the passage of this act. 

Sec. 7. In case of a vacancy in the office of Clerk of the District Court for said county, it 
is hereby made the duty of the Sheriif of Davis County to perform the duties required by this act 
to be performed by said clerk. 

Sec. 8. That there shall be no assessment or tax levied by the authorities of Davis County 
within the limits of said county of Appanoose, for the year 1846, but such assessment may be 
made by the County Assessor elected at the first general election in said county of Appanoose, 
which assessment may be made at any time prior to the first Monday in the month of October, 
1846. 

Sec. 9. That it shall be the duty of the Board of County Commissioners of said county, to- 
hold a meeting on the first Monday of October, 1846, at which time they shall examine the 
assessment roll returned to them, and levy such a tax for county and Territorial purposes, upon 
such assessment for the year 184G, as may be required by law. 

Sec. 10. That the time for the Treasurer of said county to attend in each of the townships 
or precincts, for the purpose of collecting revenue, according to the provisions of the thirty-fourth 
section of an act entitled "An act to provide for assessing and collecting public revenues," 
approved 15th of February, 1844, shall be during the month of November, and he shall attend at 
his office, at the county seat of said county, during the month of December, to receive taxes 
from persons wishing to pay the same, for the year 1846. 

Sec. 11. That all actions at law or equity in the District Court, for the county of Davis, 
commenced prior to the organization of the said county of Appanoose, where the parties, or either 
of them, reside in the county of Appanoose, shall be prosecuted to final judgment, order or decree,^ 
as fully and eflFectually as if this act had not been passed. 

Sec. 12. That it shall be the duty of all Justices of the Peace residing within the county 
aforesaid, to return all books and papers in their hands, pertaining to the said office, to the next 
nearest Justice of the Peace which may be elected and qualified for said county, under the pro- 
visions of this act ; and all suits at law, or other official business, which may be in their hands, 
and unfinished, shall be prosecuted or completed by the Justice of the Peace to whom such bus- 
iness or papers may have been returned, as aforesaid. 

Sec. lo. That the judicial authorities of Davis County shall have cognizance of all crimes 
or violations of the criminal laws of this Territory, committed within the limits of said county 
prior to the first day of August next ; provided prosecution be commenced under the judicial 
authorities of Davis County prior to said first day of August next. 

Sec. 14. That said county of Appanoose shall have cognizance of all crimes or violations of 
the criminal laws of this Territory, prior to the first day of August next, in cases where pros- 
ecutions shall not have been commenced under the judicial authorities of Davis County. 

Sec. 15. That the territory or country west of Appanoose, be and the same is hereby attachea 
to said county of Appanoose, for election, revenue and judicial purposes. 

Sec. 16. That the Clerk of the District Court in and for the said county of Appanoose, may 
keep his office at any place in said county until the county seat thereof be located. 

Sec. 17. That William Whitacre, of Van Buren County, B. P. Baldwin, of Washington County, 
and Andrew Leach, of Davis County, be and the same are hereby appointed Commissioners to 
locate and establish the seat of justice of said county of Appanoose, Said Commissioners, or a 
majority of them, shall meet at the office of the Clerk of the District Court in and for said county 
on the first Monday in the month of September next, or within thirty days thereafter, as they 
may agree. 

Sec. 18. Said Commissioners shall first take and subscribe the following oath, to wit : " We 
do hereby solemnly swear (or affirm) that we have no personal interest, directly or indirectly, 
in the location of the seat of justice of Appanoose County and that we will faithfully and imparti- 
ally locate the county seat of said county, taking into consideration the future as well as the 
present population of said county ; " which oath shall be administered by the Clerk of the Dis- 
trict Court, or any other person authorized to administer oaths within said county, and the 
officer administering said oath, shall certify and file the same in the office of the Clerk of the 
District Court of said county, whose duty it shall be to record the same. 

Sec. 19. Said Commissioners, when met and qualified under the provisions of this act, shall 
proceed to locate the seat of justice of said county, and as soon as they have come to a determi- 
nation, they shall commit the same to writing, signed by said Commissioners, and filed with the 
Clerk of the District Court of said county, whose duty it shall be to record the same and forever 
keep it on file in his office; and the place thus designated shall be the seat of justice of said, 
county. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 347 

Sec. 20. Said Commissioners shall each receive the sum of two dollars per day for each 
day they may be necessarily employed in the discharge of the duties enjoined upon them by 
this act, and two dollars per day for each day traveling to and from said county of Appanoose, 
which shall be paid out of the first proceeds arising from the sale of town lots in said seat of 
justice. 

Sec. 21. This act to take effect and be in force from and after its passage. 

The name which had been bestowed in 184B and retained in 1846, was that 
of a minor Sac chief, Avho was well known to the settlers in the counties east. 
He removed to the reservation at Agency, in Wapello County, where Keokuk, 
Wapello and himself were each given a farm. Here he lived till his death, in 
1845, and was buried near his cabin. He was well liked by the whites, but, 
like all Indians, had a great fondness for whisky. 

Joint Resolution No. 15, passed by the Legislature, and approved June 11, 
1845, provides that the County of Appanoose should receive fifty copies of the 
laws of the session in that year. 

Chapter 37 of the Laws of 1846 provided that Appanoose and Kishkekosh 
(now Monroe) Counties should be entitled to one Delegate in the forthcoming 
convention to frame a State Constitution. 

Joint Resolution No. 13, approved January 17, 1846, authorized William 
G. Coop to procure a full set of seals for Appanoose County. 

NAME CHANGED. 

Chapter 5 of the First Iowa Legislature, approved January 18, 1847, 
reads : 

Section 1. Be it enacted br/ the General Assembly of the State of Iowa, That the name of the 
town of Chaldea, in Appanoose County, be and the same is hereby changed to that of Centerville. 

The name of Chaldea had been bestowed at the suggestion of Mr. Stratton ; 
but, a month or two after, at a house-raising in the town or vicinity, Rev. Mr. 
Manson proposed that the name should be changed to " Senterville." Mr. 
Manson was a Tennessean, an ardent Whig, and a loyal admirer of Gov. 
Senter, long distinguished in the annals of Tennessee. Mr. Manson pressed 
his argument with so much eloquence that the assemblage, who composed at 
least one-third of the county's voters, concurred in his suggestion, and Mr. 
Manson at once drew up a petition to the Legislature, asking that the name be 
changed to suit his idea, which was signed by the voters present, and in due 
course forwarded to Iowa City. The Solons on the appropriate committee had 
no objection to recommending a little bill like that ; but, concluding that Mr. 
Manson was not quite up to the mark in the matter of spelling, they sagely 
changed the initial letter of the name, and the town became Centerville. 

The name of Chaldea, it is said, was not on the postal directory, and on 
this account had at first been considered quite appropriate. Mr. Stratton was 
a Democrat, and, while sorry that his name had been discarded, he had yet a 
feeling of lively satisfaction that his Whig neighbor had also failed to name 
the town. 

DOINGS OF THE COMMISSIONERS. 

The first Board of Commissioners, composed of Reubin Riggs, George 
W. Perkins and J. B. Packard, met at the store of Spencer Wadlington, on 
Monday, October 5, 1846. The office of Clerk being vacant, J. F. Stratton 
was appointed to th« position, who entered upon his duties at once. 

The next day, Jonathan Scott filed his assessment roll, whereupon the 
Board ordered a levy of 5 mills on the dollar for county purposes, 50 cents on 
each poll, and 3 mills for school purposes. 



348 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Dempsey Stanley, Sebastian Streeter and William Crow were appointed to 
lay out the Territorial road established by the Legislature in 1844. They were 
ordered to meet at the house of J. F. Stratton, on the 1st of November follow- 
ing, and to make their return by the 1st of January, 1847. 

The same day, it was ordered " that the seat of justice of the county of Appa- 
noose, this day located and designated by Andrew Leach and William S. Whit- 
aker. Commissioners, appointed by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory 
of Iowa, to locate said seat of justice, shall be known by the name of the town 
of Chaldea." 

The next morning, J. F. Stratton, County Surveyor, was ordered to lay out 
and plat the town as soon as practicable, according to a plan exhibited by him. 

The next business was to allow Andrew Leach $12, and W. S. Whitaker 
$16, for their services in locating the county seat, "to be paid from the pro- 
ceeds of town lots in the town of Chaldea." 

J. F. Stratton, Clerk of the District Court, was allowed $39 for his services 
in establishing precincts, organizing the county, etc., and Jonathan Scott was 
allowed $22.50 for the assessment of 1846. 

FIRST REGULAR PAY-ROLL. 

The officers of the first election of Appanoose were as follows, as shown by 
the claims allowed on the 7th of October : Precinct No. 1 — John W. Clancy, 
Henry Miller, Walter G. Perry, Judges ; George W. Perkins, Felix O'Neal, 
Clerks ; Precinct No. 2 — Nathan Bartlett, Jesse Buck, Dempsey Stanley, 
Judges; W. S. Townsend, David P. Sparks, Clerks; Precinct No. 3 — Thomas 
Wilson, Joseph Jump, Isaac Mc Adams, Judges ; John B. Graves, Jesse Wood, 
Clerks ; Precinct No. 4 — Richard W. Davis, Joseph Weeden, Moses Walker, 
Judges ; James J. Jackson, John Overstreet, Clerks. 

FIRST treasurer's REPORT. 

Jesse Wood, Collector and Treasurer, reported, the same day, that the total 
valuation for taxing purposes was $24,055, on which the levy was $266.99, 
divided as follows: Territorial, $18.29; county, $121.13; poll, $54.50; 
school, $73.07. The Commissioners had abated $23.09 of the above amount, 
and Mr. Wood, had collected, in orders, county tax, $88.55 ; school tax, 
$35.96. He also reported that $37.94 was delinquent and uncollectible. 

The following are the names of those who were taxed in 1846, but who had 
left the county when the Collector made his trip through the county to collect 
the taxes : Ebenezer Andrews, Jacob Andrews, William Bratian, Jeremiah 
Bissell, George Buckner, Ewen Kirby, Abraham Horton, Peter Huff, Wash- 
ington Laben, Elijah May, Christopher Miller, Washington O'Neal, John 
Smith, Moses Walker, Jacob Willis, Willoughby Wiggins, William Bratten, 
James Linville, Alby Parton, Frederick Rowland, Calvin Salen. 

January 4, 1847, the Board appointed William S. Manson Recorder of 
Deeds. 

On the 5th, Jonathan Scott, Isaac Riggs and James McCarroll were 
appointed to locate a road, commencing at Chaldea and running between David 
Shafer'sand William Pewther's claims; thence to William S. Townsend's; thence 
northwestward to intersect the Indian trace near the north line of the county. 

The same day, the sum of $10 was appropriated from the first money 
received by the Treasurer, to be applied to the purchase of books and station- 
ery, and the Clerk was instructed to notify the Treasurer at once of the action 
just taken. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 349 



CHALDEA. 



February 1, the Board met in special session. The plat of the town of 
Chaldea was approved and ordered to be recorded. The Board then made an 
appraisement of the value, and appointed George W. Perkins, one of their 
number, to sell one quarter of the lots facing the public square, and one quarter 
of the residence lots. He was also to advertise that another quarter in each class 
of lots would be sold at auction on the first of April following. The terms of 
sale were to be one-fourth down, and the remainder in semi-annual payments. 
One-half of the first installment could be paid in warrants. 

PRECINCTS. 

Four precincts were established on the same day the above action was taken. 

Precinct No. 1 was bounded as follow^s : Beginning at the northeast 
corner of the county ; thence west to the northwest corner of Section 1, 
Township 70, Range 17 ; thence south to the southwest corner of Section 1, 
Township 68, Range 17 ; thence east to the county line ; thence north to 
the place of beginning. The polling place to be at the house of Christian 
Zuck. 

Precinct No. 2, beginning at the northeast corner of Section 2, Town- 
ship 70, Range 17 ; thence west to the northwest corner of the county ; 
thence south to the southwest corner of Township 70, Range 19; thence east 
to the southeast corner of Section 35, Township 70, Range 17 ; thence north 
to the place of beginning. The country lying west, and now composing the 
northern part of Wayne County, was attached to this precinct for election, 
judicial and revenue purposes. The polling place was established at the house 
of Arthur Switchfield. 

Precinct No. 3, commencing at the northeast corner of Section 11, 
Township 68, Range 17 ; thence south to the southeast corner of Section 14, 
Township 68, Range 17 ; thence Avest to the southwest corner of Section 18, 
Township 68, Range 19 ; thence north on the west line of the county to the 
northwest corner of Township 69, Range 19 ; thence east to the northeast cor- 
ner of Section 2, Township 69, Range 17 ; thence south to the southeast 
corner of Section 14, Township 68, Range 17. The territory lying west, and 
now comprising the southern part of Wayne, was attached for election and 
other purposes. The election was " to be held at the office of the Clerk of the 
Board of County Commissioners." 

Precinct No. 4 included the remainder of the county; "the election 
to be held at the house of Mr. Summers, on the west side of the Chariton, at 
the crossing of the old Mormon trace." 

February 16, the Clerk appointed the following as School Inspectors : Pre- 
cinct No. 1, Christian Zuck, James Wright, Andrew Morrison ; No. 2, Henry 
Allen, Isaac Riggs, Andrew Jackson ; No. 3, William S. Manson, Daniel P. 
Sparks, Spencer F. Wadlington ; No. 4, R. M. Davis, I. A. Packard, Moses 
Walker. 

Soon afterward, report was made from Precinct No. 1 that the number of 
persons therein between the ages of five and twenty-one was 118 ; in No. 2, 
there were 77 ; and in No. 3, 75. No report was furnished from No. 4. The 
amount of school money in the Treasurer's hands was $32.09, and was dis- 
tributed as follows; No. 1, f^l4.02 ; No. 2, $9.55 ; No. 3, |8.49. 

May 5, Reuben Riggs filed his bond as Prosecuting Attorney ; and, on the 
16th, William S. Manson qualified as Clerk of the District Court. 



350 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

July 5, 1847, Andrew Collins was granted a license to keep a ferry-boat on 
the Chariton River, four miles east of Centerville and a little below the mouth 
of Cooper Creek. The boat was to be at least thirty-five feet long and eight 
feet wide, and provided with sufficient oars and poles. He was also required to 
keep a man employed to assist him. The ferry rates to be charged were : 
Wagon and team, 40 cents ; each additional horse or ox, 5 cents ; horse and 
buggy, 25 cents; man and horse, 10 cents; loose horses or cattle, 2^ cents 
each ; sheep or swine, 1 cent each. 

THE FIRST COURT HOUSE. 

July 5, 1847, the Commissioners decided to have a Court House erected on 
Lot 1, Block 1, Range 4; but nothing was concluded. September 10, how- 
ever, it was ordered that the dimensions of the proposed building be 24x20 feet, 
the structure to be built of logs, and one and one-half stories high. The logs 
to be well-hewed down, inside and outside ; the two lower rounds to be of good 
sound burr or white oak ; the Bottom side-logs to be hewed on the upper side to 
receive the sleepers ; the lower story to be eight feet in the clear ; the upper 
half-story to be four and a half feet to the top of the plate ; the roof to be of 
good three-feet oak boards, laid one foot to the w^eather, and well nailed on ; 
the gable-ends to be weather-boarded with sawed or shaved lumber, with a space 
in each for a nine-light 8x10 window ; the corners of the building to be. sawed 
down close and square. The house was to be completed by the 1st of January, 
1848. Sheriff Jack Perjue immediately announced that the Board was ready 
to receive bids, and the contract was awarded to James J. Jackson for the sum 
of $160. 

At the election in August, 1847, George W. Perkins, E. Sears and Jesse 
Wood were elected Commissioners, and Reuben Riggs, Clerk. 

TOWNSHIPS ESTABLISHED. 

At the session of the Board, in January, 1848, the precinct system was 
abandoned and the county erected into tOAvnships, as follows : Center, com- 
prising Townships 68 and 69, Ranges 17 and 18 ; election to be held at the 
Court House. Washington, Township 69, Range 16; election to be held at Eli 
Bagley's. Wells, bounded by beginning at the northeast corner of Township 68,. 
Range 16, running south on the county line to the southern boundary of the 
county, thence west to range line, between 17 and 18; thence north to the 
township line, between 67 and 68, thence east on the township line to the range 
line, between 16 and 17 ; thence north on said line to township line, between 68 
and 69 ; thence east to the place of beginning ; election to be held at Jacob 
CofFman's. Union, Township 70, Ranges 16 and 17 ; polling place at G. W. 
Moore's. Garden Grove, comprising the west half of Wayne County and 
all the territory west ; elections to be held at the house of John Bair. 
Shoal Creek, fractional Township 67, Ranges 18, 19, 20 and 21, and Town 
ships 68 and 69, Ranges 19, 20 and 21, with voting place at George Emer- 
ick's. 

April 10, 1848, the work of completing the Court House was let. James 
Jackson got the job of sawing out the door and window spaces and the chink- 
ing and plastering, for $59. The remaining work — laying the floors, putting 
in the doors and windows, etc. — was awarded to Jesse Wood for $119.50. 

All the work done on the building appears to have been paid for with lots. 

The tax levied by the Board in July, 1848, was as follows : County, 4 
mills ; State, 2J mills ; school, J mill ; poll, 50 cents. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 351 

July 6, 1848, the Board granted E. A. Packard a license to " vend spiritu- 
ous liquors in any way that he sees proper for one year from date, for the sura 
of $25, paid in the coimtry treasury." 

The same day, tlie Board contracted with Thomas Cochran to dig a well on 
the line of the public square for $89, having first stipulated that the people of 
Centerville should contribute $25. 

October 2, the Board voted to pay a bounty of 50 cents on wolf-scalps ; 
all scalps of cubs under six months to receive half the above sura. 

In January, 1849, the Comraissioners granted to Thoraas D. Cox a license 
to sell liquors at Centerville. 

At the same session, another sale of lots was ordered at Centerville, to be 
held in April following, which resulted in the sale of eight lots. 

May 18, 1849, Archibald Burroughs was granted a license to maintain a 
ferry on Chariton River, at or within two miles of the point where the Mormon 
trail crossed the river. The tariff and requirements were substantially the same 
as in the license granted Andrew Collins in 1847. 

FIRST BRIDGE. 

July 16, the Board ordered that if those citizens interested would pay one- 
half by subscription for building a bridge across Chariton River where the 
State Road from Bloomfield to Centerville crossed that stream, the county would 
pay the rest in town lots. A subscription paper was handed in the same day, 
pledging |307.50 by the citizens, of which the Board considered $275 available. 
July 21, a contract was made with William Packard and Daniel Hollinshead 
for the construction of the bridge, the price agreed on being $600. 

April, 20, 1850, the Board made an examination of the bridge and accepted 
it without the abutment at the east end, for the reason that a mill was in proc- 
ess of erection immediately below. The cost of the abutment, it was agreed, 
should be expended otherwise about the structure. 

INDEPENDENCE. 

July 16, 1849, Henderson Walker and others petitioned for the creation of 
Independence Township. The application was granted, and the bounds estab- 
lished as follows : Coraraencing at the southeast corner of Section 12, Town- 
ship 69, Range 19 ; thence north to where the range line crosses Chariton 
River ; thence up the river to its forks ; thence up the north fork to the county 
line; thence west to the west line of Range 21 ; thence south to the township 
line, between 68 and 69; thence east to the range line, between 19 and 20; 
thence north to the southwest corner of Section 7 ; thence east to the place of 
beginning. The polling place was fixed at the house of Jaraes D. Riggs. 

The people of Appanoose County must have had a good deal of faith in 
each other, and in the county ; for on the 23d of August, 1847, the Board 
ordered that the Prosecuting Attorney, Amos Harris, be empowered to act as 
agent of the county to pre-empt the plat of the town of Centerville, and, if 
necessary, to go to the land office at Fairfield, and to call to his assistance such 
help as he might need in the matter. This is the first step taken by the Board 
to secure title in the land, and nearly two years after the seat of justice had 
been located thereon. 

Mr. Harris was also authorized to take up the warrant issued nearly two 
years before to W. S. Whitaker for his services as Locating Commissioner. 

The officers of the August election (1849) were as follows : Center — Will- 
iam Bryant, Benjamin Spooner, Stephen Glasgo, Judges ; Calvin F. Spooner, 



352 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Amos Harris, Clerks ; Washington — William Taylor, John W. Clancy, Eli 
Bagley, Judges ; Cortland Harris, Walter G. Perry, Clerks ; Caldwell — Fred- 
erick A. Stephens, William M. Cavanagh, Elisha Beard, Judges ; John Dillon, 
Marshall Morris, Clerks. Wells — John Bond, William Cooksey, Michael 
Pilkey, Judges ; A. Carpenter, James M. Scurlock, Clerks. Union — James 
Ewing, Elijah Thompson, Andrew Morrison, Judges ; Leven Dean, Samuel W. 
Woods, Clerks. Shoal Creek — Carter Troxel, G«orge J. Emerick, Moses 
Kirdendall, Judges ; Peter V. Burris, G. B. Greenwood, Clerks. Chariton — 
Dempsey Stanley, Jonathan Scott, Noah Nash, Judges ; John Jackson, John 
H. Zimmer, Clerks. Independence — Levi Mondan, Bradley Collins, James D. 
Riggs, Judges ; F. N. Sales, John W. Knapp, Clerks. Garden Grove — 
George Carson, Hugh McKinney, Elisha Hooper, Judges ; John Bair, Don 
Carlos Roberts, Clerks. 

November 5, Taylor Township was created ; the first election to be held 
in April, 1850, at the house of Edward Callen. Reuben Denny, Preston 
Underwood and Edward Callen were appointed as the first Judges of Election. 
The bounds are not noted in the record. 

The valuation of the county property in 1849 for taxing purposes was 
^45,289, and the amount of tax levied was $320.15, of which $184.90 had been 
paid to the Treasurer and Collector, David Glass, prior to January 1, 1850. 

January 8, 1850, John Udell was appointed Sealer of Weights and Meas- 
ures to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Thomas Cox. The same day, 
William Flood was granted a grocery license, at the rate of $50 a year. 

At the same session, Richland Township was created, with the following 
boundaries : Beginning at the northeast corner of Township 70, Range 20, 
thence running west to the northwest corner of Township 70, Range 23 ; thence 
south to the southwest corner of Township 69, Range 23 ; thence east to the 
southeast corner of Township 69, Range 20 ; thence north to the place of 
beginning ; it being the north half of Wayne County. 

RECEIPT AND MEMORANDUM. 
13.50. Fairfield, January 12, 1850. 

Received of George W. Perkins the sum of $2.50, my fee for assistance in entering county 
seat of Appanoose County ; also $1.00 paid by me to Secretary of State for certified copy of the 
act organizing the said county. Bernhart Henn. 

Mem. of money sent by Commissioners to enter county seat : 

Gold— 5 $7.80 pieces $-^f 00 

American gold 22 50 

1 sovereign 4 83 

Total $ 66 33 

Silver— 44 francs, @, 93 40 92 

Dollars and halves 115 00 

Total $222 25 

Paid for land $200 00 

Paid Henn 3 50 

203 50 

Balance due county $ 18 75 

The further expenses were $3.00, leaving $15.75 to be returned to the Treasury. 

July 19, 1850, James McKehan contracted with the Board to erect two 
additions to the Court House, each to be ten feet wide and twenty-four feet 
long, to be of frame, weatherboarded, and finished with battlements. The 
price agreed upon was $304. The same day, Thomas Cochran contracted to 
fence the Court House lot for $73.75. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 353 

George W. Parker, agent for the sale of town lots, reported at this session 
that the total value of lots sold up to that date had been $1,217.58. 

April 15, 1851, Ambrose Carpenter was licensed to maintain a ferry across 
the Chariton River at or near Wells' Mill, in Wells Township, with lower rates 
than those allowed to be charged by his predecessors. 

At the same meeting, Daniel P. Sparks, Deputy Assessor, filed the assess- 
ment roll, which showed a valuation of $310,978. The Board thereupon 
ordered that the taxes for the year should be : State, 3 mills ; county, 4 mills ; 
road, Ih mills ; school, 1 mill ; poll, 50 cents. 

The last meeting of the Commissioners was held July 28, 1851, and the 
next entry was made by 

THE COUNTY JUDGE. 

This office was created' by the Legislature of 1851, and Reuben Riggs was 
elected to the position in August of that year. In some respects, the office 
was an anomalous one, for the powers delegated to that officer were very great. 
The powers of the Commissioners, as will be seen from the foregoing abstract, 
were very great ; and in every county organized prior to the abrogation of the 
Commissioners the record is full of interest, for much of the progress and 
growth of the community can be therein traced. The County Judge not only 
succeeded to the powers of the Board, but he was Judge of Probate, and could 
also sit as a committing magistrate. He could issue marriage licenses and 
solemnize the rite of matrimony. He was his own Clerk. In case of absence 
or death, the duties of the office were performed by the Prosecuting Attorney, 
and failing that officer, by the Clerk of the District Court. If the Judge was 
of an arbitrary disposition, he could make himself extremely obnoxious to his 
enemies ; and in some counties, when a man of the wrong stamp became Judge, 
the friction created was considerable. But, as a rule, the system worked well, 
for the people took much care to select men of positive ability and approved 
honesty ; and many a citizen of Iowa, now in private station, enjoys a local 
reputation, acquired by a conscientious discharge of the duties of this office, 
that cannot be shaken. Others, however, have deteriorated into the " common 
truck" who have been elected to the State Senate or to Congress. 

The first official act of Judge Riggs is dated September 10. and reads : 

Ordered by the Court, That the road tax is $2 on every person liable to pay a poll tax for the 
year 1861. 

This entry closes the Commissioners' record, for which the compiler searched 
several hours. It was found in the Clerk's office, and is labeled " Probate, No. 
1," the early probate business and the Commissioners' doings having been kept 
in the same book. 

FIRvST COURT RECORD. 

The first court held in Appanoose County was a special term presided over 
by Hon. Cyrus Olney, Judge of the Third District, the date being September 
17, 1847, — over a year after the county was organized. The first case was that 
of the State against George Braffit, under charge of larceny. This citizen was 
non est, having forfeited his bail. W. S. Townsend, his surety, was ordered to 
appearand show cause why judgment should not be entered against him for the 
amount of the bond and costs. 

Jesse Buck vs. Dempsey Stanley was an appeal case on a disputed account, 
in which the defendant recovered 32 cents and costs. 

Moses Morse appeared as appellant against Jesse Buck, but the case was 
continued. 



354 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

The first divorce case was docketed this term, it being that of James J. 
Jackson against his wife, Mary E. The cause was continued for service by 
publication in the Keosauqua Democrat. 

The petit jurors at this term were William S. Manson, James Kingston, 
Benjamin Spooner, Almanson Packard, Harvey Campbell, Calvin Spooner, 
Thomas Wilson, L. M. Sales, James Wright, Daniel Bealer, James Hughes, 
Anthon}^ Williams. 

The next term was held April 24, 1848. Jackson's marital relations were 
terminated the first day. The grand jury having been summoned, they retired, 
and presently returned with an indictment against John Gheen for the murder 
of Amos Condit. The Court required Gheen to give bond in the sum of 
$4,000, but not being able to do so, he was remanded to Keosauqua to await 
trial. The witnesses, Silas W. Condit, Alpheus P. Hawes, Josiah Merritt and 
Levi Calloway then gave recognizance to appear as witnesses at the trial. The 
cause was, however, terminated May 14, 1849, by the Attorney for the State 
declining to prosecute, and the prisoner was discharged from custody, by William 
McKay, then Judge. 

This murder was committed at " Trader's Point," just below Council Blufi's, 
probably in March, 1848. There had been trouble in that settlement in regard 
to a division fence, and Gheen and a few other choice spirits had assembled to 
remove the fence. Condit was a shoemaker, and seeing the squad assemble, 
repaired to the spot in his shirt sleeves to see what the trouble was about. As 
he approached, Gheen raised his rifle and shot him dead. Gheen afterward 
claimed that he believed Condit was approaching with hostile intentions. The 
reason of the indictment having been quashed is said to have been that Mahaska 
County, and not Appanoose, had jurisdiction of the case. Gheen returned to 
Trader's Point after his release, soon after which he disappeared, and Mr. Strat- 
ton, who visited Council Bluff's a year or two afterward, was informed that 
Gheen had " gone cat-fishing," meaning thereby that Condit's friends had 
revenged his death by making an end of Gheen, and depositing his remains in 
the turbid Missouri. 

It was an uncomfortable matter for the poor tax-payers of Appanoose, for 
the costs aggregated about $250. 

The following persons composed the grand jury at this term : George W. 
Perkins, James Hughes, David Bealer, E. A. Packard, Ephraim Sears, James 
Wright, John Overstreet, John Felkner, S. N. Sales, Jonathan Scott, Joseph 
Jump, Henry Allen, Edward Bryant, William Bryant, Lindsey W. Spooner, 
Anthony Williams. 

The attorneys who attended at this term were : J. C. Knapp and Augustus 
Hall, Keosauqua; Samuel Summers, Ottumwa; "Peg-leg" Perry and Samuel 
McGaharan, Bloomfield. They were fed and housed by Powers Ritchie and 
♦ A. Packard. 

The Court House not having been completed, court was held at Wadling- 
ton's store, and the juries deliberated in James Hughes' blacksmith-shop. 

At the September term, 1849, David Benner obtained a decree of divorce 
from his wife Margaret. 

At the same term, "on motion, in open court, of J. 0. Knapp, Esq., Powers 
Ritchie produced in court a license from the Supreme Court of Iowa to practice 
as an attorney and counselor at law and solicitor in chancery ; thereupon, the 
said Powers Ritchie took the oath required by law." 

The following served as petit jurors at this term George W. SAvearingen, 
Luke Alphin, Hiram Glasgo, George W. Benner, Thomas S. Richardson, Ben- 




Nathan Udell M.D. 

CENTERVILLE 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 357 

jamin Spooner, Dire Loteridge, Stephen Glasgo, Lindsey W. Spooner, William 
Crow, Samuel Stewart, Joseph Jump. 

The following composed the grand jury at the May term of court in 1850 : 
Cortland Harris, Silas Roby, Joel Tomelson, A. W. Cooley, J. H. Curtis, Jacob 
Dye, James J. McMuUen, William C. Evans, James McCarroll, Jesse Buck, 
Jonathan Money, Adam WafFord, James J. Jackson, John Wood, William 
Wells, Amos Cochran. The petit jurors were William Taylor, Henry Taylor, 
James R. Wright, Benjamin R. Reed, William Taylor, Robert Mitchell, Joel 
Worthington, Wiley May, William Crow, William Swank, Solomon George, 
Isaac Fuller, Joseph Baldwin, Henry Miller, Richard A. Jeffers, William 
Chadd. 

The grand jurors at the spring term of court in 1857 were: Joseph Delay, 
Edwin R. Wright, Lewis W. Rollston, William Cavanagh, James Hibbs, John 
Wilkinson, A. S. Stone, Hiram McDaniel, John Crow, John Taylor, John T. 
Pollack, Shubael Fuller, John F. Overstreet, Franklin N. Sales, Joseph B. 
Walker, David Burns, Vincent Glasgo. The petit jurors were James D. 
Riggs, Robert C. Baker, Leven Dean, Joel Blakely, Squire Carter, Samuel 
Stewart, David Barnhouse, Joseph McClard, Eli Bagley, Gilbert McCoy, John 
Hudson, John H. Ringston, Jonathan Davenport, Elisha Sawyer, Benoni L. 
Packard. Both juries served two days. Four divorces were granted at this 
term. 

EARLY PROBATE MATTERS. 

The first order of Benjamin Spooner, Judge of Probate, is dated November 
21, 1846, and directs William Clayton, of Van Buren County, to administer 
on the estate of Solomon Gable, deceased. Soon afterward, Clayton reported 
the assets to be $44.88, and the charges against the estate to be $247.26. The 
Judge thereupon directed Clayton to sell eighty acres of land in Van Buren 
County for the purpose of paying the debts. This is thought to have been the 
second death in the county. 

The next case is dated May 12, 1847, and appoints F. F. Foster, of Davis 
County, administrator of the estate of William Bratton, Sr. Foster resigned 
his charge February 10, 1848, and James Wright was appointed to conclude 
the trust. 

March 11, 1848, Judge S. F. Wadlington appointed Nathan Bartlett 
guardian of John Bartlett, a minor, and instructed Nathan to proceed to sell 
320 acres of land in Lee County for the said minor's benefit. 

April 26, 1848, Robert Trimble was appointed guardian for Edward Good, 
at the request of the latter. 

October 10, 1849, Greenup Stark gave bond, with William Pewthers and 
Thomas S. Richardson as sureties, for the faithful discharge of his duties as 
administrator of the estate of Jeremiah B. Stark, deceased, which was accepted 
by Judge Wells. 

The same day. Judge Wells approved the bond of Ira Tucker, administrator 
of the estate of Benjamin Veach, deceased. Tucker's sureties were Solomon 
Howard, A. G. Doom, John A. Wisdom and Solomon George. 

The same day was filed the bond of Sarah, widow and administratrix of 
Archibald Burroughs, deceased, the other signers being William Cooksey, John 
Pilkey and John W. Wells. Burroughs had personal property which was ap- 
praised at $1,548.12, of which amount $400 was in cash. 

July 2, 1850, James Holmes, guardian of Benjamin A. Shafer, applied for 
leave to locate a land Warrant for the benefit of his ward ; but, on the same day, 

c 



358 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

the boy's mother asked to have the order rescinded, and herself appointed' 
guardian, which was done, and she was authorized to sell the warrant. 

On the same day, Thomas T. Holloway was appointed administrator of the 
estate of Nancy A. Holloway, deceased. 

June 3, William S. Manson, as administrator of the estate of Jesse McElroy, 
applied for leave to sell a land warrant, on twelve months' credit, for the sum 
of $150. 

The same day, Sally and Elizabeth Wollery asked that Samuel Mitchell be 
appointed as their guardian, for the purpose of collecting a portion of their 
father's estate in Lawrence County, Ind. 

At the same term, William S. Manson was appointed guardian for the chil- 
dren of James McKehan, deceased, and William Packard was likewise appointed 
guardian for James J. and Alanson M. Packard. 

February 4, 1851, Amos F. Childers asked Albird F. Thompson, Judge of 
Probate, to appoint Thomas Wilson as his guardian. 

March 4, James Nickell was appointed administrator of the estate of John 
Nickell, deceased. 

July 6, George W. Perkins filed an inventory of the property of John 
McElroy, deceased. 

•^ EARLY MARRIAGES. 

The first recorded marriage in the Clerk's office is that of John Manly 
Packard to Mary Bond, the solemnization having been made by William B. 
Packard, Justice of the Peace, on the 10th of September, 1846. The groom 
was twenty-four and the bride eighteen years old. 

The succeeding marriages up to 1850 were : Dillard Collins to Hetty 
Glasgo, by W. S. Manson, Justice of the Peace, February 28, 1847 ; Demp- 
sey Stanley to Mrs. Matilda Ellington, by James McCarrol, Justice of the 
Peace, March 4, 1847 ; William Van Buskirk to Sarah Johnson, by S. F. 
Wadlington, Justice of the Peace, August 19, 1847 ; Sydenham Mills to Ada 
Shaffer, by William Pewthers, Justice of the Peace, October 7, 1847 ; Thomas 
B. Arnold to Brunetta Lynn, by Rev. John C Ewing, September 23, 1847 ; 
William Smart to Hannah Catharine Zuck, by C. Zuck, Justice of the Peace, 
October 7, 1847; James G. Childers to Anna Campbell, by William Pewthers, 
Justice of the Peace, November 8, 1847 ; John Barker to Louisg, Shaffer, 
November 11, 1847; Carter Troxwell to Rebecca A. Kirkendall, November 
14, 1847 ; Calvin L. Smith to Marilla Haskins, Dec. 16, 1847; James McCarrol 
to Mrs. Elizabeth Gable, Dec. 16, 1847 ; John Scott to Mary Thompson, March 
9, 1848 ; Nathaniel Moore to Elizabeth Blaylock, March 12, 1848 ; Franklin 
N. Sales to Zernilla Berkshire, April 3, 1848 ; James D. Riggs to Lucinda 
Barker, April 13, 1848; George W. O'Neal to Sarah J. More, May 4, 1848 ; 
John T. Harrison to Margaret E. Dougherty, December 21, 1848; Calvin 
F. Spooner to Nancy Browning, January 4, 1849 ; Thomas Tucker to Mary 
Thompson, February 18, 1849 ; James J. Jackson to Mary Ann Benner, Feb- 
ruary 25, 1849; Ira Perjue to Sarilda E. George, March 8, 1849; Daniel 
Bagley to Missouri Wood, May 10, 1849 ; David Stewart to Eliza J. South- 
field, June 10, 1849; James Murray to Martha Robertson, June 11, 1849; 
James Hughes to Melissa Packard,* July 26, 1849 ; Joel Elam to Elizabeth 
Throckmorton, June 21, 1849 ; John Moore to Mary Elam, July 12, 1849 ; 
Samuel W. Woods to Lucy Anna Orberson. September 6, 1849; Thomas 
Brandon to Ruth Barker, September 13, 1849 ; David Benner to Lorinda 
Fuller September 30, 1849 ; Ferdinand Smith to Martha Level, September 
30, 1849 ; John Bartlett to Martha Ann Stark, October 14, 1849 ; Simpson 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 359 

Cupp to Miss McDaniel, November 4, 1849 ; Benjamin Fairly to Mary A. 
Humphrey, November 18, 1849 ; James R. Wright to Melissa Glass, Novem- 
ber 29, 1849 ; Charles L. Jones to Martha Bullington, December 6, 1849 ; 
Christopher Benner to Lorain Fuller, December 25, 1849 ; George Kirby to 
Eliza Ann Kirby, December 28, 1849. 

Twenty marriages were celebrated during 1850, and twenty-one in 1851. 

PIONEER JURISPRUDENCE. 

Probably the oldest docket now extant in the county is that of S. F. Wad- 
lington, Esq., now reposing quietly in the vault of the County Recorder. It 
is made of sheets of unruled paper, stitched together with an awl. 

The first case entered bears date April 14, 1847, and is no less than a con- 
tested election, wherein Walter G. Perry brings suit asrainst Christian Zuck. 
On that day, the docket indicates that a Board of Arbitrators was made up, 
composed of S. F. Wadlington, James McCarrol and William Pewthers, all 
being Justices. The case was heard on the 15th, when the defendant moved 
the Court that Perry give security for the costs, which was sustained by the 
Bench, and the cause continued till the 17th. The plaintiff having neglected 
to file the required bond, Zuck asked that the case be dismissed, which was 
done, and he took his office. No attempt was made to "go behind the returns " 
by Perry. 

In May, a transcript was sent from Bloomfield to Justice Wadlington, recit- 
ing that Joseph Jump, Sr., had been beaten in an assumpsit case in the United 
States Court, in September, 1845, and calling for $12.94 costs from Jump. 
An execution was issued, but it was satisfied on the 27th by Joseph B. McCoy, 
a friend of Jump's. 

In a case tried in September, 1847, it would appear that the use of a yoke 
of oxen was worth 50 cents a day. In the case of P. M. Dodge against Jacob 
Hoffman, tried in May, 1848, on account, the items are furnished. A two-horse 
wagon cost f 75 ; corn, 20 cents a bushel; making rails, $5.00 a thousand ; 
hogs, $1.97 to $5.00 each; lard, 6 cents a pound. 

A case is related of a Justice of the Peace near Cincinnati, who. some 
twenty years ago, was being badly hectored by an attorney, and had completely 
lost his*patience. The Justice had begun to rule unfavorably on some of the 
attorney's motions, when the latter, without meaning anything of the sort, 
declared he would have to appeal the case. "Appeal it and be d — d ! " roared 
the custodian of the Code of Iowa. " You can't fool around in this Court any 
longer. Constable, adjourn the Court ! " And adjourned it was, nor could 
the persuasion of the other attorney avail to induce the Juctice to go 
on with the hearing, although the troublesome lawyer offered an ample 
apology. 

An old docket shows that one citizen allowed a balance of $2.45 on a coffin 
to stand due for nearly a year, for which he was sued. He paid it in just a 
week afterward. 

Another case appears, in which a woman was plaintiff in a suit on a prom- 
issory note. The defendant paid it in a few days, as attested by the plaintiff 
making a mark, apparently not being versed in penmanship. 

Very few criminal cases appear on the early dockets, most of the actions 
being for debt, and usually paid off very soon after judgment was ren- 
dered. The pioneers seem to have been anxious to maintain their personal 
credit. 



360 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

ESTRAY COW. 

The following is placed in evidence to show that stock would go astray in 
Appanoose : 

Personally appeared Walter G. Perry before me, William B. Packard a Justice of the Peace 
of precinct No. one of Appanoose County Iowa Territory and after being duly sworn deposeth 
and saith that on or about the 12th of November, 1846, he took up an estray cow of the follow- 
ing description markt with two square crops with white back and hips and belly her sides 
spotted with red brindle and white head and neck mixl with brindle and red and supposd to be 
four years ould last spring and that he has not alterd any brands or marks on her and further 
the deponent saith not. 

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 23d of November, 1846. 

Walter G. Perry. 

Wm. B. Packard, J. P. 

EARLY SCHOOL MATTERS. 

There is some difficulty in stating which was the first school ever taught in 
Appanoose. The first school ever opened in the northern part of the county 
was at J. F. Stratton's house, on Cooper Creek, and the six or seven pupils 
were taught by Mrs. J. F. Stratton. This was in 1847. The children of 
Georo-e Perkins and Benjamin Spooner attended this school, and a little daugh- 
ter of Christian Zuck boarded in the Stratton family and studied with the 
rest. 

It is stated that a young man named Thomas Holloway taught in one of 
Col. Wells' buildings during the same summer. 

In the winter of 1847-48, a school was taught, in a small log building 
owned by J. F. Stratton, by Henry Allen. This building was near Chariton 
River, and was on the line between Sections 35 and 36, Township 70, Range 
18. This building was about fourteen feet square, had a chimney, and its floor 
and furniture were made of puncheons. The families sending to this school 
were Henry Allen, Jesse Buck, Noah Nash, Mr. Gable, Mr. Stanley and 
J. F. Stratton. The term was not completed, owing to the building being 
nearly Avrecked by a flood in the spring. 

The first schoolhouse built in the county was at Centerville, in 1848, near 
the present residence of Hon. M. M. Walden. This was a hewed-log edifice, 
about 18x24 feet in size, with a stone chimney inside, and its furniture may be 
classed as ornate for thirty years ago. Amos Harris taught the first school, in 
the winter of 1848-49, and several spelling-schools were held during the winter. 

The school at Hibbsville was taught in 1850, Polly Stratton being the first 
teacher. 

The roll of pioneer teachers, as given by J. F. Stratton, Esq., is as follows: 
Judge Tannehill, William Manson, Mrs. J. F. Stratton, Mrs. B. C. Spooner, 
Malinda Cafl"erty, Jane Elliott, Miss Tibbets, G. W. Taylor, Sr., Henry Allen, 
Arch. Callen, John McKim, R. E. Chandler, Thomas Underwood. 

SCHOOL MONEY. 

Only one school district appears to have been formed in 1 849. March 1, 
in that year, C. H. Howell, Inspector for Center Township, receipted to Daniel 
P. Sparks for $8.69, the apportionment made by the latter as School Fund 
Commissioner. 

The following was the apportionment for 1850 : District No. 1, Center, Will- 
iam Pewthers, Treasurer, ^18.78 ; District No. 1, Caldwell, Michael Caldwell, 
Treasurer, $38.87; District No. 1, Wells, William Wells, Treasurer, $16.59; 
District No. 1, Center, Thomas Wilson, Treasurer, $13,53 ; District No. 3, 
Union, W. C. Baldridge, Treasurer, $66.46. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 361 

The apportionment in 1851 was as follows : No. 1, Chariton, $54.69 ; No. 
3, Center, $60.21 ; No. 7, Center, $19.21 ; No. 1, Taylor, $62.51. 

The first loan made by the School Fund Commissioner was to Shubael Ful- 
ler, March 4, 1851, for $300. 



INCIDENTS OF PIONEER LIFE. 

Having cleared away the details connected with organizing the county and 
the management of its affairs for nearly four years, it is proper now to return 
to the events of a personal nature — matters affecting the daily life of the sparsely 
settled region. Every frontier settlement has its record of dangers patiently 
endured and bravely overcome, and sometimes acts of lawlessness have occurred. 
Again, a gleam of fun passes through the community. But in no two settle- 
ments are these incidents identical. The manifestations of human nature are 
as shifting as the brilliant hues exhibited in the kaleidoscope. Let us arrange 
the pictures and begin the exhibition. 

THE FIRST STORE — KEEPING CHRISTMAS. 

In 1846, Spencer F. Wadlington erected a cabin a little northeast of where 
Centerville now stands, and proceeded to "keep store" in the wilderness. It 
is stated that the first year's sales of our pioneer merchant were a dozen pairs 
of coarse shoes, half a dozen calico dress patterns, as many bolts of brown mus- 
lin and a few coarse casinets. These, with a sack of coffee and a few other 
groceries, constituted his stock in trade. In order to reduce his expenses to the 
measure of his profits, he did his own cooking. Most of the settlers at this 
early day were without families. Mr. Wadlington slept on a bed made of deer 
and bear skins, with a bundle of coon skins for a pillow. He subsequently 
became an extensive farmer and stock dealer. He was the first Mayor of Cen- 
terville, and has also been Probate Judge, Justice of the Peace and Deputy 
Clerk. 

On the afternoon of Christmas, 1847, a party of the " boys " living in the 
northeast part of the county, some of them belonging in the vicinity of Union- 
ville, agreed that it would hardly be right to let the day pass without a suitable 
observance. They accordingly wended their way to the county seat, and to 
Wadlington's store — who had transferred his place of business to Chaldea — 
arriving at the store about dark. They began their celebration with an internal 
application of "su'thin','' and, to neutralize any subsequent bad effect, took 
another horn. These potations were repeated at suitable intervals till midnight. 
The young pioneers indulged in various amusements during their hours of cel- 
ebration. They would frequently issue from the store door, whoop loutl enough 
to scare the wolf cubs in their dens between the forks of the Chariton, and then 
return to warm their throats. The first half of the night was quite warm, as 
a damp snow was falling, and, the store having no floor yet, their heavy boots 
tramped the interior of the cabin into considerable of a mud-hole. About mid- 
night, the " sperits " had done their perfect work, and each fellow selected a 
buffalo-robe or deer-skin and lay down to rest on the natural floor, damp as it 
was, though it is more than likely that Wadlington tucked them in as they 
became insensible. The weather turned very frosty toward morning. Shortly 
after daylight, Mr. Stratton, who was the nearest neighbor, visited the store to 
learn the cause of the noises heard by him, and found each reveler snugly frozen 
to his earthern bed, and the edges of the skins frozen tight, also. It was an 



362 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

amusing spectacle, and a modern teetotaler could hardly have avoided a shout 
of laughter at their situation. They were thawed out after an hour or two, 
and returned to their homes none the worse for their night's frolic. 

PIONEER AMUSEMENTS. 

Most of the early settlers of Appanoose were from Kentucky, Tennessee, 
Virginia and Indiana, and, of course, had all the love of the Virginians and 
their descendants for the rifle and the horse. In addition to the love of hunt- 
ing, alluded to elsewhere, the pioneers of Appanoose were equally fond of target 
practice and horse-racing. The first race-track in the county, according to 
F. A. Stevens, a settler in Wells Township, in 1841, was on the land now owned 
by Hon. E. J. Gault. Here the settlers frequently met, at a very early day, to 
indulge in target-shooting and horse-racing. Having previously exchanged 
furs, deer-skins or beeswax at some Mississippi town for a half-barrel of whisky, 
the settlers would collect early in the morning from every corner of the county, 
shoot at a mark, bet on their favorite nags and exhaust their supply of whisky 
along toward sundown, and then return to their scattered cabins quite sober. 
Of course, disputes would sometimes arise, but they were usually quieted, and 
in these meetings fisticuffs were rarely resorted to. 

One of the first shooting- matches in the county occurred at Centerville, 
probajbly in 1847, in this wise: J. F. Stratton stood indebted to S. F. Wad- 
lington for sundry articles of merchandise, for $5 or ^6. The latter was pre- 
paring for his semi-annual visit to St. Louis, and wanted the money. Stratton 
had neither gold, silver nor "fiats," but offered to turn out a cow, valued at 
about $15. Wadlington did not want her, but ofi'ered to get up a shooting- 
match. The match was advertised " by sending round word," and a good- 
sized crowd assembled to participate in the sport. The shooting began, and so 
vigorous was the competition that the sum realized was somewhat in excess of 
the value of the animal. Wadlington thus secured his pay, and the remainder 
was left with him as a call loan, to be paid in goods. 

ANOTHER MORMON REMOVAL. 

On a preceding page are given some particulars regarding the settlement 
of the Mormons in Missouri, and their expulsion therefrom in 1839-40. The 
village of Nauvoo was instituted by the fugitive " Saints " as a haven of refuge, 
and at that point a powerful organization was eff"ected. The history of the 
development of the sect in that place is remarkable because of its speed in 
assuming immense proportions. The public are familiar with the later 
veents of the Mormon work there. Smith and his brother Hyrum were shot 
and killed, and the band broken up, through the improper conduct of the 
leader. • 

The greater number of Mormons, under the direction of Brigham Young, 
emigrated, in 1846-48, to Salt Lake, and established themselves there. 

As in Missouri, the Mormons incurred the animosity of the people of Illi- 
nois, and they were driven across the Mississippi, to seek a home where they 
could practice their peculiar rites in security. It was a forced exodus on their 
part — Illinois and Missouri were too hot to hold them. Their leaders doubted 
the advisability of settling in Iowa, for this Territory was being rapidly filled up 
by a class who Avould soon become numerous enough to drive them out again. 
Accordingly, a party of observation had been sent West at the beginning of 
the trouble in Illinois, who had discovered a region west; of the Rocky 
Mountains, walled on the east and south by almost insurmountable hills, and ap- 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 363 

proachable on the northeast through a narrow valley that could be easily 
defended. 

Accordingly, the task of removal began in the fall of 1846. The main 
body encamped near Council Blufts during that winter, and another considera- 
ble party wintered in Marshall County. Large numbers followed the roads 
from the river towns west through Van Buren and Davis Counties to Union- 
ville, where the trail divided, many following the old dragoon trail of 1832 by 
way of Cincinnati into Missouri, with the intention of wintering in that State, 
if possible. But their former enemies had by no means forgotten them, and 
they were forced to recross the boundary into Decatur County. 

The main body of the southern division passed through Unionville, Moravia 
and Iconium, selecting that route, Mr. Wadlington says, to avoid the numerous 
streams and muddy bottoms with which the country abounds. The advance 
parties of the two bodies moving through Appanoose met in Union County, in 
July, 1846. 

Finding it too late in the season for venturing across the great plains that 
intervened between them and their destination, about two thousand of the 
"Saints" pitched their tents at a place which they called Mount Pisgah, situ- 
ated some five miles north of the present county seat. They were under the 
leadership of Bishop Huntington, who died, and was buried at Mount Pisgah. 
He was the first white person who is known to have died in the county. 
Another prominent man among them was Elder Morley, former of Hancock 
County, 111. Being compelled, during the winter, to live in tents and wagons, 
their records show 160 deaths within the first six months. Their settlement, 
or improvement, embraced about fifteen hundred acres, which they broke 
up and cultivated in patches. Being unable to break up the prairie sod with 
their light teams, composed mostly of cows, they went into the timber on Grand 
River, and girdled, or deadened, hundreds of acres of the best timber to be 
found there, and plowed up the light bottom soil for their crops. In this way 
they raised a plentiful crop of corn during the season of 1847. They were 
obliged to remain until the spring of 1850, and some of them until the spring 
of 1851, in order to raise cattle to enable them to resume their journey. They 
were very poor. Their prophet, Joe Smith, had once told them at Nauvoo that 
there were three kinds of poor — God's poor, the devil's poor, and poor devils, and 
that most of them surely belonged to the last-named class. They are represented, 
however, as being industrious and frugal while they sojourned on Grand River. 

The organization of the fugitives was essentially a military one. Several 
persons in Appanoose County, finding that the people were poor, and likely to 
be a year or more on their journey, off'ered them employment. No promise 
could be obtained from the men with whom they chaftered, but within a day or 
two the number of i-.ien wanted would appear ready for work, who had been 
deputed by their Captain for the purpose. One settler, in the southeastern 
part of the county, contracted with a Mormon leader to have ten acres of brush 
land grubbed and fenced, expecting that the job would take six weeks. A large 
party repaired to the spot, and the contract was completed in about a week. 
Another pioneer had forty acres of prairie broken up by a party of Mormons. 
Mr. Wadlington, who communicates these two circumstances, says that others 
would work singly here and there in the county where labor could be had, and 
says that they were remarkably efficient and industrious, and never failed to 
give satisfaction. 

It is stated that, toward the latter part of the migration, while a party were 
encamped in the vicinity of Unionville, one of the number went over into the 



364 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

western part of Davis County and stole a steer. He had not driven the animal' 
very far when he was met by a young man, now a resident of Appanoose 
County, who recognized the steer as one owned by his father. He very 
naturally inquired of the follower of Joseph what he was doing with his father's 
property. The " Saint" answered that he had a "revelation" to go and get 
the bovine. The young man started to drive the steer back, when a collision 
ensued, in which the youngster had a sudden "revelation" to hit the thief 
with an iron wedge which he was carrying. The blow killed the Mormon, and 
the young man drove home his property. 

This occurrence, as well as others of a like character, created a violent 
prejudice against the Mormons, and they were given the cold shoulder in the 
eastern counties. Thus Mrs. Morrison, of Udell Township, relates that in 
Davis County herself and husband were refused entertainment because they 
were suspected of being Mormons, and says that on the night in question the 
only shelter they could obtain was an empty corn- pen. 

THE CLAIM SOCIETY. 

As in nearly all the older counties of Iowa, Appanoose County had a Claim 
Protection Society, organized for the purpose of protecting settlers from the 
avaricious intentions of those who had money and might see fit to enter lands 
from those occupying in good faith. The first settlers in the new counties 
usually took their lands before they were surveyed, and of course would only 
make a rough approximation as to the limits of their claims, the lines of which 
were run by guess. Whenever anybody was inclined to locate close to a claim 
already taken, his movements were regarded with a jealous eye, unless he first 
had a conference with the neighbors to ascertain the understood limits of their 
claims before making his own. History must record that a good many " first 
settlers" were extremely liberal toward themselves in establishing the bounds 
of their claims, and also that claim troubles were as likely to arise from the 
greed of the pioneers as from the covetousness of subsequent claimants. 

The Society referred to above was organized in 1845, or rhe following year,, 
with James Wright as President, and with a branch organization in each pre- 
cinct. The workings of the Society were substantially as follows : A record 
was prepared in each precinct of the claims already taken, and their bounds. 
When a new-comer wanted to make a claim, it was expected that he would 
apply to the local Secretary to ascertain what lands were already claimed, in 
order to avoid infringing upon the rights of others. Any land abandoned for 
an understood time, or not yet taken, could be selected ; but if he laid claim to 
land already held, and was pertinacious, a meeting of the Society would be 
held. A compromise was usually eifected, and, if this could not be reached, 
summary measures would be resorted to. To the credit of Appanoose, be it 
said that very few disputes arose, and these were entirely bloodless. 

A few instances are given here of the operations of the Society. The 
first case occurred in 1847. A man named Duncan had built a cabin on land 
claimed by another settler named Coffman, but with whom the equities rested is 
now forgotten. Coffman notified the ofiicers of the Society, and a meeting was 
held, presided over by W. S. Manson. The crowd proceeded to Duncan's cabin 
with the intention of tearing it down ; but that worthy was at home, and 
threatened to shoot the first man who came near the house. The destruction 
of the cabin was accordingly deferred. 

Not long afterward, Coffman and Duncan met at a house-raising in the 
neighborhood, and at noon the two men entered into an altercation over the 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 365 

disputed claim. Both got fighting mad, and Coffman seized his rifle to settle 
the dispute ; but as he aimed, Duncan dodged round the corner of the half- 
finished building, and so escaped. 

At the first session of the District Court, as stated by James Hughes, Esq., 
Duncan appeared before the grand jury, which was composed of the same men 
named elsewhere as the petit jury (the same men serving in both capacities, by 
order of the Judge), and sought to have Coftman indicted for assault with intent 
to kill. Mr. Hughes, who was on the panel, says that the jury repaired to his 
shop, and that the Clerk pre-empted his bellows as a writing-desk. To his 
great surprise, for he had just come from Indiana, where the forms of law were 
carefully observed, the foreman sent out for a bottle of whisky, and every juror 
took a drink before proceeding to business. Duncan and one or two others 
appeared and gave their testimony in regard to Coffman's threatened shooting- 
match. The main witness, it was understood, was one Bratton, who was at the 
grocery, and a bailiff", who had been drinking regularly from the jury's bottle, 
was sent for him. The bailiff" was gone some time, but at last appeared, walk- 
ing arm in arm with Bratton, and both drunk as owls. Hughes removed the 
iron bar which had been propped against the door, and both officer and witness 
nearly fell headlong as they entered into the presence of the " bulwark of our 
free institutions." Bratton was allowed to sit down, and succeeded in giving 
his evidence very clearly, in spite of his condition. Most of the jurors ques- 
tioned him, and his answers were given in precise, straightforward fashion. He 
had several times described the flight of Duncan and himself around the cabin 
when Coff"man raised his rifle, when Edward Bryant, one of the jurors, asked 
him if Coff"man could have hit Duncan. This was too much for Bratton, who, 
probably, wanted to get back to the grocery for another drink. " Hit h — 1 and 
d — nation !" he exclaimed, "didn't I tell you Duncan and me was around the 
corner of the house ! " The complaint was ignored, and the. trouble did not 
long continue. Both parties saw that the case had taken a practical turn, and 
were wise enough to drop the matter. 

In 1849, James Shields entered some land claimed by H. H. Foster, who 
laid his trouble before the claim society. A large meeting was held, and a com- 
mittee was sent to confer with Shields for the purpose of getting him to relin- 
quish the land. Shields off"ered to give a deed immediately, provided Foster 
would refund the purchase money, and pay a pretty stiff" rate of interest. This 
was the only off"er that Shields could be induced to make ; upon which Foster 
decided to take another claim rather than pay the interest asked, which ended 
the matter. James Wright presided over the meeting on this occasion. 

A case occurred in Center Township in 1850, in which a settler complained 
to the society that Alfred Coatney, in taking his claim, had encroached on land 
held by the complainant. Considerable talk was made about calling a society 
meeting, but Coatney, who was a fair-minded, honorable man, investigated his 
neighbor's presumptive boundaries, and being convinced that he had gone too 
far in that direction, altered his lines correspondingly. 

A case arose in Udell Township, in which a crowd assembled and tore the 
roof off" a man's cabin, he having "jumped " a claim held by another citizen. 

The life of the Claim Society may be said to have ended in 1853. Joshua 
Miller, Jonathan Reuger, Harrison Johnson and William D. Weir were then 
living in Lincoln Township, and had incurred the ill-will of John W. Brinkley 
by showing some eligible tracts of land in that vicinity to some friends who 
were visiting the neighborhood. Brinkley complained of them to the society, 
and a meeting was called, which was attended by two hundred men and four 



566 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

gallons of whisky. Joseph Jump, Sr., was appointed as a committee of one to 
wait upon the four men named above. He informed them that they must secure 
the return of the land to the claimants, or the society would resort to violence. 
They replied that they had in no case interfered with the just claim of any set- 
tler, and did not intend to, but when they knew that parties were claiming 
more than a quarter of a section, and a reasonable amount of timber, they would 
not hesitate to point out the surplus to any inquirer who might want it. As 
for violence, they claimed to be peaceable citizens, but that they could defend 
themselves if necessary. Jump reported the result of his embassy to the assem- 
hlage, and, it is thought, suggested that the matter had better end there and 
then. It is barely possible that the whisky had become exhausted, and that the 
crowd adjourned to obtain a fresh supply. 

A QUESTION OF ONE DOLLAR. 

In the spring of 1848, Treasurer Manson had some State revenue in his 
hands, which he handed to Judge Olney, to be paid to the State Treasurer, as 
appears below : 

Centekville, Appanoose Co., Iowa., April 24, 1848. 

Received of Thomas G. Manson, Treasurer and Collector of said county, ^'22.42, to be paid 
over by me to the State Treasurer, it being State revenue collected in said county for the year 
18i7. Cyrds Olney. 

The Judge only discharged his trust in part, as is seen by the following : 

$21.42. No. 111. 

Treasurer's Office, Iowa, Iowa City, June 28, 1848. 
Received of Jesse Wood, Treasurer of Appanoose County, |21.42, on account of State revenue 
in and for said county for the year 1847. M. Reno, State Treasurer. 

When the Treasurer's receipt came to Centerville, the discrepancy was 
noticed, and Mr. Manson apprised Judge Olney of the mistake. The Judge 
was somewhat dilatory in his reply, which is as follows : 

Mr. Stratton : In the spring of 1848, Mr Manson, Treasurer of your county, gave me 
$22.42, State revenue, to be paid to the State Treasurer. As the money was due to me for salary, 
I retained it, and had the State Treasurer give Mr. Manson a receipt for it. I had no memoran- 
dum of the amount, and it seems that I gave Mr. Reno the wrong sum, by which Mr. ^lanson 
lost one dollar — so that I am indebted to him in that amount. About the same time, or perhaps 
the next fall, I furnished to you, for your county, some printed blanks, and perhaps some printed 
rules of court. I do not remember exactly what or to what amount, though I have the memo- 
randum at home. I paid the money for them to the printer, and I have no recollection of having 
received anything for it from your county. If I am correct in this, I wish you would immediately 
look to the matter, and get the money and pay Mr. Manson. The other counties paid the money 
back which I paid the printer for them, instead of giving me a county order worth less than its 
face. The amount furnished your county, in order to get the court business started, was small, 
and I should not have mentioned it but for this mistake with Mr. Manson. If your county 
paid me for it, and it has slipped my memory, please inform me by letter, and I will forward the 
the dollar to Mr. Manson immediately. Yours truly, 

Bloomfield, April 30, 1850. Cyrus Olney. 

AN INFARE. 

The date of the marriage of Robert Coifman and Sarah Summers will be 
found on a preceding page. This was considered, by all odds, to be the 
grandest wedding in the early history of the county. According to the Vir- 
ginia custom, the groom remained at the house of the bride's parents the first 
night. The next day, the bride accompanied her husband to the house of his 
parents, escorted by a dozen or fifteen young men, accompanied by their sweet- 
hearts, and all on horseback. When the party arrived within a couple of miles 
of Coffman's, they were met by another party of young men and women, who 
wheeled around, as if to capture the bride. A jug of whisky was produced. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE CODNTY. 367 

out of which each man took a drink, when both parties formed into double file, 
and went to Coffman's in company. There a great supper was spread, after 
which dancing began, and was continued till a late hour. This custom of the 
"infare" appears to have gone into disuse, but it was a very common one for 
many years in all the States settled by Virginia people and their descendants. 

THE RAGING CHARITON. 

The flood of June 7, 1851, is remembered as having been the greatest ever 
known in Southern Iowa. It is stated that the water covered Chariton bottom 
to an average depth of four feet. Hon. Joshua Miller states that he crossed 
the rirer east of Centerville, when the water was about at its highest point, with 
five yoke of oxen and a wagon. In three places, two yoke would swim at one 
time. His goods were pretty well soaked up, and some of his books, preserved 
in his law library, show plainly the wetting they got. 

James Hughes, Esq., says that the water did not abate till about the 1st 
of July. The people of Centerville got out of flour during the prevalence of this 
flood. Some one had gone into Davis County for a supply, but was stopped on 
the left bank of Chariton by the high water. The people succeeded in getting 
one barrel across, which was divided among the families and the bread famine 
thereby stopped. 

This long protracted wet season almost entirely ruined the crops — corn, 
wheat and vegetables — and many settlers lived on very plain fare in the succeed- 
ing winter. But having expected to endure privations when they chose homes 
west of the Mississippi, they held on bravely, and as a rule, the few survivors 
of the early settlement here have been abundantly blessed " in basket and in 
store." 

Before passing from this mention of the wet season, an incident that occurred 
on Chariton, east of Centerville, in January, 1849, should not be omitted. 
The river had been frozen over, but a thaw occurred, followed by a flood, which 
was succeeded in turn by a cold snap. Some men engaged at work on the east 
bank of the river — wanted Mr. Hughes to get them a jug of whisky, that prime 
necessity on the frontier. He returned to town, procured the article, and came 
back to the river ; but how to get it across was the question. The overflow had 
frozen over enough to bear his weight, and the channel was covered with ice 
between him and the thirsty squad, but above and below the current was free. 
He procured a couple of flat rails, took them to the edge of the stream, tied a 
cord to the jug-handle, which he took in his teeth, and then getting down on all 
fours, by pushing the rails along, made the perilous passage in safety, dragging 
the cordial behind him. He says when he reached the other bank, his weight 
had so depressed the ice that a thin sheet of water was flowing over. • It was a 
hazardous trip, especially as he could not swim at all, and he says money would 
not tempt him to undertake it again. 

LET THE EAGLE SCREAM. 

The first celebration of the Fourth of July in this county was at Centerville, in 
1851. The people were not feeling very buoyant, owing to the rainy weather 
in June, but they thought they would try to celebrate in a modest way. A 
procession was formed, headed by martial music, the drum being beaten by B. 
F. Packard, but the fifer's name is forgotten. The assemblage marched to a 
grove near town, where a quarter of beef had been roasted, barbecue fashion, 
and a bountiful dinner was served. The addresses were made by Amos Harris, 
James Wright and others, and it is believed that Mr. Harris read the Declara- 



368 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

tion of Independence. Eight years, two months and three days had ehipsed 
from the day on which the Indians had surrendered this part of Iowa to their 
white neighbors, and no doubt the red man was suitably apostrophized on this 
auspicious occasion. 

^ THE FLUSH TIMES. 

The close of 1856 was the acme of prosperous times in the West. During 
1854 and the two succeeding years, immigrants by tens of thousands had 
crossed the Mississippi in quest of homes on the fertile prairies of Iowa. Times 
were brisk in the Eastern States, and many small farmers who were discontented 
with their prospects were enabled to sell their little farms to some more pros- 
perous neighbor. Their personal effects, and such other articles as were most 
valuable, were loaded into the big wagon, and, with the cash realized from the 
auction and the " third down " on the little farm in his pocket, the adventurous 
spirit lifted his wife and babies into the covered wagon. The great current 
flowed along the National turnpike almost daily from 1850 to the middle of 
1857, and by parallel roads through every country town. Country towns in 
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois reaped a silver harvest from those who did not care 
to camp out ; but these were only one-third of the vast procession that extended 
from the AUeghanies to loAva and other Western States. Arrived at their 
chosen homes, provisions, cattle and swine were to be bought from the pioneer 
farmers ; breaking-plows, clothing and other articles from the dealers ; lumber 
from the nearest saw-mills, and all paid for in hard cash. Many immigrants 
bought the improvements from older settlers, who were thereby enabled to pay 
their debts and begin anew. During 1855 and 1856, thousands of dollars in 
deferred payments for their Eastern homes followed the settlers of 1854 and 
1855. In consequence, everybody was prosperous. Money was abundant and 
speculation was rampant. It was the hey-day of the financial millenium. 
Towns were laid out, colleges founded, and vast enterprises of every name and 
nature were set on foot. So eager was the ambition of all to join the dance 
around the golden-hued bubble that the rate of interest was stimulated abnor- 
mally, and it could only be borrowed at 25 per cent. Even the citizen whose 
only capital was his muscle shared in the smiles of the fickle goddess. There 
was work for him at good prices. Thrice fortunate was he who had a stout 
team, for he could break prairie at $3 an acre, haul goods for the merchants at 
the same rate per day, or buy a threshing-machine and pay for it with the 
season's profits. 

No wonder the West became delirious with the rosy picture which, in many 
details, was a reality. The fertile soil was here, and the people were still 
thronging to occupy it. Often within a single week, 50 to 100 per cent 
could be made by the purchase and sale of a town lot or a quarter-section of 
land. Adam Smith was clearly a fool when he announced that capital was the 
result of labor, for thousands of men in Iowa could demonstrate by actual 
practice that Speculation Avas the mother of Wealth. 

AND THE GREAT SMASH. 

A sudden change came over the people's dream in 1857, for in August, the 
collapse of the Ohio Life and Trust Company, a corporation doing both a life 
insurance and financial-agency business, produced a panic in Wall street within 
a very few days. A score of banks suspended payments, followed in the next 
ten days by bank-failures from Maine to the prairie-dog villages of Nebraska. 
So inflated had been the balloon that in two or three States and Territories 
speculators had been allowed to issue bills on the basis of wild lands a hundred. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 369 

miles west of the Missouri. The result, when the collapse came, was that the 
gold and silver were the first to disappear, followed rapidly by the choice bank 
bills of Massachusetts, New York and Ohio, leaving nothing but "wild-cat" 
bills, various kinds of scrip and miscellaneous evidences of indebtedness, all of 
uncertain value, as the only circulating medium. Prices of farm produce, cattle 
and horses, lands and town lots, fell on the avarage from 50 to 100 per cent, 
and could not be sold for cash at any price for nearly a year. Dry goods and 
groceries declined also, but not to the same extent. 

Speculation was as dead as Goliath ; the Sheriff was the only real estate 
agent, except the fortunate crew who had either foreseen the approaching storm, 
or had their means in cash by accident. These turned their attention to the 
lands offered for sale by foreclosure, and when the tax sale came in 1858, 
invested their piles in certificates against the homes of hundreds of farmers that 
became jeopardized for want of cash to pay the very moderate taxes assessed 
against them. 

The granaries in Appanoose County were full to bursting with wheat, oats 
and corn ; good horses stood in the stables, fat steers and swine in the sheds, but 
there was no cash to buy them. The merchants would handle them in exchange 
for goods or in settlement of balances ; but this was as far as their ability could 
go. The people, in their transactions, were compelled to rely on barter 
entirely for months. Notes were given for so many bushels of wheat or corn, 
or so many pounds of pork. If a farmer wanted a sled made, it required a 
laborious consultation with the mechanic as to what the farmer could spare or 
the mechanic could take. 

The man was indeed fortunate who had a little cash by him when the crisis 
came. With this he could pay his taxes and escape the heavy penalties incurred 
by his less prudent or lucky neighbor. But, as a necessary measure of relief, 
the Legislature stepped in with a law which extended the time of redemption 
for lands sold by the Treasurer ; otherwise, three-fourths of the lands in Iowa 
must have lapsed into other hands. 

The Appanoose people were not quite so badly off as their neighbors in 
some other counties, for they had, somewhat singularly, escaped the blighting 
effects of the railway fever that spread over the West in its most acute form. 
Having received no benefit of that kind, there was nothing to pay, and there 
was a grim comfort in that fact. 

There was, of course, no home market for farm products, for the inflow of 
settlers had ceased, and the only way to raise money was to haul grain or drive 
hogs to Keokuk or Alexandria, a distance of nearly a hundred miles, the 
expense of which would eat up half the sales. Wheat was worth about 50 
cents a bushel along the Mississippi, and slow sale at that. Happy was the 
man who could bring back a load of goods for a home merchant, and thus earn 
the expenses of the trip, payable in coffee, tobacco, molasses, Canton-flannel 
and Alabama woolens. This condition of affairs lasted without much mitigation 
till the f;dl of 1861, when the necessities of the Government quickened the 
flow of money, and a new era of development was ushered in. 

A LIQUOR CASE. 

During the operation of the prohibitory liquor law, which was passed in 1855, 
the people of Iowa were considerably hampered in obtaining liquors for " mechan- 
ical, medicinal, culinary and sacramental purposes," as well as for snake-bites. 
To supply the demand that the county agents felt a delicacy about meeting, it 
was no uncommon thing for men to peddle whisky in a half surreptitious man- 



370 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

ner from town to town, and the knowing ones were thus enabled to keep them- 
selves supplied with so necessary a commodity. 

An old settler, named Zimmer, had been for a year or two engaged in ped- 
dling liquor in the county, and, some time in the summer of 1857, drove into 
Centerville. That evening, some of the young bloods of the town procured 
an auger, went to Zimmer's wagon, while he was dreaming of profits to be 
obtained next-day, and bored a hole through the bottom of the wagon-box, and 
so into the barrel, which was thereby emptied of its contents, by virtue of the 
law discovered by Newton under the apple tree while his houskeeper was " clean- 
ing house." What became of the liquor is shrouded in mystery — whether it was 
absorbed by the thirsty soil, or whether it was conveyed in jugs to surrounding 
hay-mows, cannot now be ascertained. 

When Zimmer discovered his loss, he proceeded forthwith to a magistrate, lo 
to whom he unbosomed himself, and warrants were issued for the arrest of those 
naughty young men. The papers were served, and the young fellows were 
taken before the Justice. The prosecution decided to dismiss the complaint as 
to R. S. Morris, in the hope that his evidence would hold the rest. Sheriif 
Ferren then served the subpoena, the witness promising to attend in a few minutes, 
returned into court and tossed the document upon the table. Judge Tannehill 
picked it up, and in a moment of abstraction, chewed the subpoena into pulp. 
Meantime, Morris had got half a mile out of town, and was improving in his 
gait at every step. The attorney for the prosecution at last became impatient, 
and asked the Justice for a bench-warrant. The Justice appeared willing to 
comply, but, as a preliminary, required Sheriff Ferren to certify his return on 
the neglected subpoena. The Sheriff made a vigorous search for some time 
without success, and finally exclaimed, " Dog on my cats ! I had service on him, 
anyway ! " His remark was true enough, but as the law required a written 
return, his verbal one, though forcible, was regarded as insufiicient, and the pros- 
ecution was reluctantly abandoned. 

It is needless to add that the sympathy of the court and the community was 
with the young men, and so Justice raised one edge of her hoodwink and winked 
at the transaction, holding one hand over her mouth in order to keep Zimmer 
from knowing what she thought about the case. 

THE ONLY CASE OF HANGING. 

Some time in 1856, William Hinkle, of Davis County, was arrested for the 
murder of his wife, by poison. The woman had died suddenly, and Hinkle, 
before a year had elapsed, made preparation to marry a girl who had been 
working in the family at the time of his wife's death. This led to an investiga- 
tion, and Hinkle was arrested and indicted. He took a change of venue to 
Appanoose. 

The case was called April 12, 1858, John S. Townsend being Judge, 
and the trial began on the following day. Those composing the jury 
were Henry Robley, Alexander Jones, Gilbert McCoy, James P. Anderson, 
Jonathan Rinker, Henry Stephenson, Isaac A. Brannon, John Gordon, Will- 
iam B. McDonald, John Barnett, George W. King and Henry Ellidge. The 
trial was concluded on the 16th, and the jury, after a short absence, returned 
with a verdict of murder in the first degree. 

The next day. Judge Townsend ordered the prisoner to be hanged within 
one mile of Centerville ; but, a motion having been made for an appeal to the 
Supreme Court, the case was continued, and the prisoner was remanded to jail 
in Bloomfield pending the hearing of the appeal. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 371 

A special term of the District Court having been called July 6, 1858, and 
notice having arrived that the verdict and judgment had been affirmed, Judge 
Townsend ordered the prisoner brought into court, and he was produced on the 
8th, when he was sentenced to be publicly executed on the 13th day of August 
following, between the hours of 1 and 3 o'clock in the afternoon, within 
one-half mile of the town of Orleans, a little village in the eastern part 
of Washington Township. This was the nearest convenient point mid- 
way between Bloomfield and Centerville, and the Judge no doubt thought 
that the people of the two counties had a common interest in seeing Hinkle 
die. 

Nor was he disappointed ; for on the appointed day, it is said, ten thousand 
people assembled to witness the execution. An eye-witness states that Hinkle 
went up to the platform with a firm step and resolute bearing. The trap fell, 
and, as the rope received Hinkle's full weight, he being a heavily built man, it 
snapped and he fell heavily to the ground. He was picked up and with diffi- 
culty replaced on the scaffold, fear having seized him at last. He was asked 
before the rope was adjusted the second time if he had anything to say, to which 
he answered that he was innocent, a statement that he had never varied from. 
It was generally believed at the time that he had placed the poison in the young 
woman's hands for the purpose of compassing his wife's death, and that his 
denial was therefore technically true. 



THE UNDERGROUND ROUTE. 

For several years prior to the war, it was no unusual circumstance for 
negroes to pass through Appanoose County, while fleeing from slavery in Mis- 
souri to freedom in Canada. Just what was done to help them on their way, 
and who were the people helping them, is not clearly understood, even in the 
vicinity of Cincinnati, which was a prominent station on the subterranean road, 
except by the persons who have furnished the facts upon which the following 
summary of incidents is based. 

Thus, it is a commonly-received tradition that Luther R. Holbrook and 
family, who reside at Cincinnati, used frequently to hide and care for fugitive 
slaves, sometimes disposing them under their own bed for greater safety. This 
is denied point-blank by the family, who add the proviso that they never had a 
chance to do so. 

Another story is told with considerable glee, and is applied both to Solomon 
Holbrook and J. H. B. Armstrong. As related of Mr. Holbrook, the story 
runs that, during a very dry season, probably in 1860, a negro came to his 
mill at Cincinnati to have some grinding done. The negro lived in Missouri, 
and was a slave. There were several other grists ahead of the negro's load, but 
Mr. Holbrook proposed to the darky that if he would run away to Canada, he 
would not only grind his wheat at once, but would furnish him some money for 
the trip. The negro was advised that he could convert the team and wagon, as 
well as the flour, into cash on his journey northward, and thus reach Canada 
with a little capital. The negro consented, started northward with his flour, 
made a circuit around Centerville and got home sooner than his master expected, 
having Mr. Holbrook's donation for his own pocket-money. Others apply the 
same story to Mr. Armstrong ; but it is pure fiction in both cases — a good story, 
but too romantic for history. 



372 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

The following circumstances, however, are strictly authentic, having been 
communicated by the old officers of the Cincinnati Station : 

The first case happened in the winter of 1852-53. A negro lad, about sixteen 
years old, came to the house of J. H. B. Armstrong, in Pleasant Township, in 
the night, and applied for shelter. He was fed and lodged till the next night, 
when Mr. Armstrong took him to the house of his brother-in-law, Mr. Calvert, 
near Centerville. On the way, after a silence of half an hour, the boy broke 
into a guifaw loud enough to startle the prairie chickens for a mile around. Mr. 
Armstrong asked him rather sharply what he was making so much noise for. 
The boy continued his laugh, and exclaimed : " How mas'r will be disappointed 
when he goes to look for dis chile." The boy's statement was that his mother 
had reared fourteen or fifteen other children, who had all been sold as they 
grew up. He and another lad had pledged each other to run a.way at the first 
opportunity. Their master lived m Clark County, Mo., and his son lived sixty 
or seventy miles further south. The young man had come up to visit his father, 
and had ridden a valuable horse, which got out of the stable early the next 
morning and started homeward. As soon as the loss was discovered, the lad 
was orderef/ to eat a " snack " at once, after dispatching which he was mounted 
on a fleet and valuable animal, and was ordered to ride hot foot in pursuit of the 
stray. He instantly resolved to make an attempt for his liberty while devour- 
ing his breakfast, and informed his mother of his design, who heartily encour- 
aged the plan. He had no time to notify his chum of his intention, and con- 
cluded it best to take the chance when he had it. He rode south a few miles, 
turned into a by-road, and then made northwest as fast as he could push the 
horse. When he reached Armstrong's, he said he had ridden 200 miles with- 
out stopping to sleep, and the appearance of the horse justified his statement, 
for the poor brute had been badly punished. The lad was anxious to take the 
horse with him, but Messrs. Armstrong and Calvert would not allow him to do 
that, and the animal was turned loose near the Missouri line. The horse was 
soon after taken up as an estray, appraised before Mr. Armstrong, who was 
Justice of the Peace at the time, and who, in his notice, stated that the animal 
had either been stolen or had stolen somebody. The horse was kept a year, and 
sold for charges. 

Another well-remembered case was that of Davy Crockett, which occurred 
in 1861. Davy was a free man, but had become frightened by the persistency 
of his more remote neighbors in demanding to see his papers every month or 
BO, and had decided to leave Missouri. Having got into Franklin Township, 
Davy was met by Moses Joiner, a citizen of that township, who was a thorough 
Proslavery man. Joiner halted him, but Davy succeeded in getting ofi" for the 
time being, and started in the direction of Bellair. On his way, he met a mem- 
ber of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, of whom he inquired the direction to 
Mr. Armstrong's. The Wesleyan advised him to go to his house for supper, 
and he would accompany him to Armstrong's after dark. Meantime, Joiner, 
fully convinced that Crockett was a runaway slave, assembled a crowd of about 
forty choice spirits, who proceeded to Armstrong's, fully bent on capturing 
Davy and returning him to his supposititious master. They reached the house 
about an hour before midnight, roused up the Armstrongs, and insisted on 
searching the barn. The mows had just been filled with hay, and Armstrong 
sturdily objected for some time, warning them that if they went near the barn 
they would do so at their peril. Having protracted the argument as long as he 
could, he told them he knew nothing about the fugitive, but that if any one had 
been hiding there he had doubtless made off during the long talk they had had. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 373 

Satisfied, at last, that Armstrong was not harboring the fugitive, the crowd left 
for their respective homes. An hour had not elapsed till the Armstrongs were 
again disturbed by Mr. Calvert, who had brought Crockett over to stay all 
night. The mob had siarted too soon from Armstrong's. It was considered 
unsafe to keep the negro at Armstrong's, and he was accordingly transferred to 
the house of Daniel McDonald, where he remained two days, and was sent on 
in the direction of Drakeville, the next station on the line. 

Not long afterward, another negro applied for relief at Armstrong's, get- 
ting in after nightfall. This man was quite Avell satisfied to remain there, and 
demurred to going further ; but Mr. Armstrong hurried him off to Mr. 
Fulcher's, who lived a few miles northwest. The next morning, a posse ap- 
peared at Armstrong's and asked his wife if a negro had come to their house 
at 1 o'clock the night before. As the man had come and gone an hour or 
two before, Mrs. Armstrong promptly answered in the negative. Just 
then, Mr. Armstrong entered the house and relieved the woman, who by 
this time began to show some little trepidation, and might possibly have 
soon betrayed her knowledge of the negro's movements. The next night, 
Armstrong took the negro's horse to Fulcher s, and the runaway was guided by 
Mr. Calvert nearly to Drakeville, where Mr. Calvert made the negro abandon 
his horse and secrete himself in the woods, just before daylight. So close were 
the pursuers on the trail that the horse was found by them an hour or two 
afterward. This negro was a happy-go-lucky fellow, who believed himself out 
of danger as soon as he crossed the Missouri line, and would doubtless have 
been captured had it not been for Armstrong and Calvert. 

The case of John and Archie was another notable one. These two slaves 
lived in Central Missouri, and had traveled 200 miles toward freedom. They 
had been hindered three weeks in Missouri, owing to John having been laid up 
with rheumatism. Archie nobly remained with him until he was able to travel 
again. Arrived in the woods near Armstrong's, the two negroes camped, and 
John's rheumatism returned as bad as before. Early on a rainy, disagreeable 
morning, a knock was heard at the kitchen-door by Mrs. Armstrong, who 
opened it and admitted a negro. There was a neighbor in the sitting-room who 
did not believe in harboring colored persons. Just then, Mr. Armstrong 
entered, took in the situation at a glance, and hustled the negro into the kitchen 
I bedroom. The neighbor, having completed his call, left for home, much to the 
family's relief. Archie was then fed, and told the family how his companion 
was faring in the woods. Having ascertained where he could be found, Mr. 
Armstrong apprised a trusty neighbor, and some food was sent him during the 
day. That night, the negroes were taken to John Shepherd's, where a supper 
was provided for them. As Archie sat down and saw the tempting variety 
spread before them, he exclaimed : " My good God, John ! who'd have ever 
thought we'd set down to a meal like this?" The fugitives were allowed 
to stay at Shepherd's all night, and were forwarded to Drakeville. Mr. Arm- 
strong subsequently received a letter or two from Archie, one of which, in sub- 
stance, announced that they had reached Canada in safety, and that they were 
getting $1 a day, instead of the usual flogging. The writer added : "I hope 
that the good Lord will bless you for your kindness toward us, and I hope the 
time will soon come when we will be a people." 

Here is an instance going to show that the people in Southern Appanoose 
were by no means unanimous on the slavery question : W. M. Cavanagh, who 
settled in Wells Township, probably in 1846, brought with him a negro lad, 
who had been presented to his wife by her father. This lad was considered as 



374 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

a slave by the family, and as such Cavanagh paid taxes on him in Putnam 
County, Mo., while that portion of Appanoose was in the disputed strip. 
About the time the land in Wells Township was thrown open to entry, Cav- 
anagh sold the boy for ^600, and the proceeds were soon afterward used in 
entering Cavanagh's land. When the Republican party rose, Cavanagh, it is- 
said, identified himself with that party ; but his father-in-law dying soon after^ 
his wife inherited a negro girl as her portion of the estate. The girl was sold 
by Cavanagh, and the resulting cash applied to family purposes. 

In 1862 or 1863, a family of nine fugitives stayed at John Fulcher's. This 
party was composed of an old woman, her married daughter, husband and six 
children. This party was hauled by David McDonald to Drakeville, from 
whence thev made the remainder of their journey in comparative safety. 

During*^1862, word was sent to the station at Cincinnati that a considerable' 
party of runaways would reach the State line on a certain date, and asking that 
a party be sent to help them along. A large wagon, accompanied by three or 
four men on horseback, repaired to the designated spot, but the negroes failed 
to appear. It transpired afterward that the party had started, but had been 
overtaken by a pursuing party and one of the negroes killed. Word was sent 
a second time for the rescuing party, who again went to the designated place. 
No negi'oes being visible, three of the party rode on to Unionville, where two 
of the number were captured by the Missouri " Home Guard," and lodged in 
jail. The other was chased for two hours, but managed to escape. This was 
supposed by his pursuers at the time to be Mr. Armstrong, who had an estab- 
lished reputation all through Missouri, and the man or party who could produce 
him before any Missouri court would enjoy a life-long reputation for bravery and 
darino- ; for Armstrong was believed to be a giant in stature and a terrible fellow 
generally, instead of the thin, light-weight man he is. 

Mr. Armstrong, during 1864 or the following year, had three horses stolen 
from his barn, which is believed in the neighborhood to have been done by Mis- 
sourians out of revenge for his help to the slaves leaving that State ; but this 
is only a matter of conjecture. It is quite as likely that they were stolen by 
men who cared nothing whatever about the slavery question, but a great deal 
about the cash value of a good "boss." 

It is said that at one time, so bitter was the feeling toward Cincinnati by the 
Missouri people, the town was threatened with destruction by fire. Detectives 
often appeared in the neighborhood, and would stay about for days at a time in 
search of slaves or of evidence that would implicate any citizens in the vicinity 
of Cincinnati in the disappearance of so many ebon-hued chattels. 

On one occasion, toward the close of the war, a message was sent from Put- 
nam County, Mo., which has always had a considerable Antislavery popula- 
tion, that a party of Missourians were coming across the line to exterminate the 
Armstrong family and leave his habitation desolate. The rumor spread into 
Wayne County, and, in a few hours, forty or fifty armed men appeared to 
defend his family and home. It was soon ascertained that the invasion was a 
myth, and Armstrong's friends returned home. An arrangement was made, 
however, with the authorities of Putnam County, so that if any mischief was 
meditated, a message should be sent in regular form, which would avoid the 
annoyance of false alarms thereafter ; but the message never came, and no 
trouble ever arose. 

The above are, perhaps, the most characteristic occurrences connected with 
the slavery question in Appanoose County. No instances of this sort will ever 
come up again, for this long-vexed question was relegated to the field of history 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 375 

by the result of the war, and the above statements have aimed to deal with the 
facts, and not with the opinions of the era before the war. It is believed that, 
in all, at least forty or fifty negroes have been sheltered and fed by various 
citizens of this county. 



BORDER THEIVING. 

At the outer edge of American civilization there have, for a hundred years, 
hovered, like scouts before the march of an invading army, a swarm of bold, 
enterprising and adventurous criminals. The broad, untrodden prairies, the 
trackless forests and unexplored rivers furnished admirable refuge for reckless, 
hardy desperadoes, whose deeds are part of the annals of almost every county 
from the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains, and from the northern bounds 
of Okio, Indiana, Illinois and Iowa to the States bordering on the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

These men followed the unlawful callings of horse-stealing, burglary, coun- 
terfeiting and profitable freebootery on all occasions that promised reasonable 
immunity from punishment. They were, in most cases, connected by ties of 
blood or marriage, and many of their women were as skillful in crime as the 
men, and as full of resources for personal safety in time of danger. As a rule, 
the more cool-headed and daring among these outlaws conducted the most dan- 
gerous part of the business in which they were engaged. Others, more timid, 
would keep places of harborage, sell the stolen horses, pass counterfeit coin, 
break open jails when an unlucky brother had been caught in the meshes of the 
law, and act as spies and go betweens on all occasions. Others, who had a 
sufficient hereditament of craft, or who had acquired that faculty by long train- 
ing in crime, and had begun to feel the weight of years, sought to pass for respect- 
able members of society, and would aspire to positions of trust, being always 
eager to be elected Justice or Sheriff if possible. In some cases, they actually 
succeeded in becoming Prosecuting Attorneys and District Judges, so numerous 
were their friends and adherents. Some of them were so bold as to become 
preachers, and more than one pioneer has been converted by their ministrations. 

This wide-spread band of cut-throats, scoundrels and robbers were settled 
in Eastern Ohio and Kentucky at the beginning of the present century, and 
had been driven from Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina 
about the close of the Revolutionary Avar. They had been loyal to the British 
crown during that long struggle — had been Tories — a class hated and despised 
by the successful Revolutionists. Their property had been sequestered at the 
close of that momentous struggle, and when the ragged Continental soldiers 
returned to their homes, it was unwholesome for a Tory to live in sight of them. 
With hearts full of bitterness and hatred, but helpless to master their fate, they 
sought the wilderness and " nursed their wrath to keep it warm." Ostracized 
from their homes for their perverse loyalty, it is not very strange that they 
became Ishmaelites — arrayed against society, which in turn, suffered and feared 
them, then began to maintain an equal struggle with these miscreants, and at 
last expelled them from their midst into the wilderness. 

The contest in Ohio and Kentucky was waged for thirty years or more, in 
Indiana for ten, and in Illinois for nearly twenty more. The only certain way 
of securing conviction and punishment was to open Judge Lynch's court. Some- 
times a state of actual war would break out. In 1835, members of the gang 
began to make incursions into Iowa, and in the " Banditti of the Prairie " fre- 



376 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

quent exploits are recorded that were originated and carried out in the counties 
bordering along Skunk River. It was about the same time that the fiendish 
murder of Col. George Darenport was perpetrated, a full account of which can 
be found in the same book. 

In 1837, the country began to be flooded with counterfeit money, some of it 
so well done that it was sometimes passed at the United States Land Offices. 
Occasionally, and the occasions were rather more frequent than angel's visits, a 
horse would be stolen. No one could tell where the counterfeit money came from, 
nor where the stolen horse was hidden. At last, horse-stealing became so gen- 
eral, and was so successfully prosecuted that when a farmer missed a horse from 
his stable or pasture, he never hunted for him beyond a half-mile from his 
premises. It was useless, the gang was so well organized, and had such a per- 
fect system of stations, agents, signs and signals. 

From 1838 to 1840, most of the Illinois members of the gang were driven 
into Ceaar, Linn, Jackson, Clayton and Fayette Counties, where they made 
themselves very troublesome for several years. 

It is probably not best to give every detail of horse, cattle and sheep steal- 
ing and burglary that ever transpired in this county. Such a record would no 
doubt be readable ; but as no credit is to be gained by a parade of vice, or advantage 
to be secured thereby, a few instances only are given in order to show the work- 
ings of an old system that held the West in a state of trepidation for many years. 

It should be stated in this connection, as a curious fact, that the interposi- 
tion of Judge Lynch was oftener invoked to secure the punishment of supposed 
horse-thieves and barn-burners than for any other class of oflFenders. For mur- 
der, slander, seduction and numerous other offenses, the support of the 
courts was considered ample by the pioneers ; but, lay a finger on his horse, and 
the rope or rifle was regarded as hardly efficacious. Like the Arab of the 
desert, the pioneer settlers loved their horses more than wife or children. 

It is believed that Appanoose County was a route for horse-thieves almost 
from the earliest settlement. The instance mentioned by Mr. Stratton, who saw 
a suspicious character on the dragoon trail in 1843, tends to confirm this opinion. 
The custom among the heroes of dark nights was to steal horses in Missouri, 
and take them to Central and Northern Iowa, there to be secreted and eventually 
sold by their confederates. There was also a southward movement, horses 
being stolen in Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa by the Brodys, Ways, Wilsons and 
others, and sent to Missouri for sale. It is a current statement that there was 
harborage for this class of property in the northeastern part of the county, where 
horse-fanciers have often stopped just before sunrise, slept during the day, and 
when the shades of evening had fallen, resumed their journey to a cave in 
Wapello County, where the jaded horses were allowed to rest from their hard 
journey, before being sent northward for sale. 

Until 1854, the people of this county suffered but little from the ravages of 
these marauders. In 1856, the store of Mr. Pulliam, at Orleans, was entered 
by burglars, one of whom was named Wilson, and a considerable amount of 
goods and some money stolen. An arrest of suspicious characters was made, 
and it was noticed that some of the men named in the " Banditti of the Prairie " 
were at hand to comfort the prisoners and get up evidence for their defense. 

Sometimes the band would change the object of plunder. In one case, a 
flock of 400 sheep were stolen in the eastern part of the county, driven into 
Missouri, and there sold to a well known stock dealer. 

Two well-known ministers of the Gospel, residents of Appanoose County, 
are said, on good authority, to have acted regularly as friends of the gang, 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY, 377 

being ready to direct the friends of prisoners, in hunting up evidence, procuring 
bail, etc. ; and it is also believed that these two men have more than once been 
receivers of stolen property, acting in the capacity of middlemen in the nefari- 
ous business. 

Another minister, a man of considerable repute, also a citizen of this county, 
went down into Missouri, and brought back with him a fine dun team that he 
had not purchased, and it is believed that no one presented the horses to him. 
The horses belonged to si man named Lundy. He drove sixty miles the first 
night. He was soon after arrested, but declared he could prove an alibi, and 
the examination was postponed fifteen days to enable him to secure his wit- 
nesses. He was detected with a well-known scamp in suborning the evidence 
to be produced in his favor at the preliminary examination, taxed with it and 
charged with being an unmitigated thief. Like Mr. Crockett's coon, he " came 
down," but being carelessly guarded, succeeded in making his escape. He 
traveled fast and far, and now lives at least three hundred miles away from the 
Justice's docket in which the amount of his bail is recorded. He visited Center- 
ville a few years ago, but only remained a few days. Had the Missourian 
known of the visit, this man would certainly have been convicted and in> 
prisoned. 

^ THE MURPHY CASE. 

In the summer of 1857, J. C. Grimes, a resident of Sharon Township, had 
his stable burned, and with it two horses and mules. A man named Murphy 
was living in the vicinity, who bore an equivocal character. Suspicion fell 
upon him and he was arrested. He was conveyed to Centerville and prepara^ 
tions made for his examination. There was no testimony at hand to secure his 
commitment for trial, but the people of Sharon Township undertook to see to 
that. Living with Murphy was a man named Gardner, who was believed to be 
a hard case ; but the people were not sure about this, so they determined to 
ascertain. He was seized by a crowd, and a stout rope having been produced, 
he was informed that he must confess what he knew about the origin of the fire. 
This frightened him thoroughly, and he stated explicitly that Murphy had fired 
the stable. Gardner was then taken to Centerville, and for an hour or two 
there was a strong probability that Murphy would be immediately lynched on 
the testimony of Gardner. Better counsels prevailed at last, and the examina- 
tion was allowed to go on, which resulted in Murphy being bound to appear at 
District Court, and in Gardner giving security to appear as principal witness. 

Pending the interval before Court, Gardner made a visit to Missouri, and 
there informed a lawyer named Moldridge that Murphy Avas innocent — that he 
himself had fired the stable. This word was brought to Murphy's attorneys. 
When Gardner returned, he was induced to repeat this statement in the pres- 
ence of Constable Curtis, under a tree near where Mr. Wentworth's house 
now stands in Centerville, saying in substance that Murphy had nothing to do 
with the burning, and that he (Gardner) was the perpetrator. 

Murphy and his attorneys knew that he would not stand a ghost of a chance 
with an Appanoose County jury, but an affidavit of three disinterested persons 
was required to obtain a change of venue. Application was made to several 
prominent citizens for the needed affidavits, but all refused point-blank, until S 
F. Wadlington was asked, who not only cheerfully complied, but used his influ 
ence to obtain two others. The venue was accordingly changed to Monroe 
County, and when court came on, Gardner appeared at Albia, quite ready, as 
the Prosecuting Attorney supposed, to swear Murphy to the Penitentiary. 
When the day of the trial arrived, and just before Gardner was wanted, he 



378 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

appeared on the public square, apparently much intoxicated. He declared to 

several by-standers that Murphy was entirely innocent, and in a few minutes 

after he disappeared, never to return to this part of Iowa. His absconding, of 

course, broke down the case and Murphy was acquitted, but he soon after removed 

from the county. 

•' A HORRID CASE OF LYNCHING. 

iVbout the middle of February, 1864, Salmon Howard, of Franklin 
Township, had his barn burned down, together with several head of stock 
and a considerable amount of grain, aggregating a loss, as stated by Howard, 
of about $2,500, The scoundrel, after firing the barn, had made oiF, Howard 
believed, on one of his horses. 

Some years before, John Seaman had stolen a horse in Howard's neighbor- 
hood, and Howard had been active in tracing and arresting him. Howard 
visited his mother's house, in the northern part of the county, and inquired for 
John ; but his mother denied any recent knowledge of his movements. The 
house was carefully searched, and the culprit was at last found in a bulky bed 
in one corner of the cabin, his mother having artistically concealed him therein. 
Seaman was tried in due course, convicted and sent to Fort Madison, and his 
attorney says he was doubtless guilty, although he says he came pretty near 
getting him off. 

Seaman had been seen in the vicinity of Genoa, Wayne Co., a day or two 
before the arson had been committed, and he was suspected of the crime. 

Officers were put upon Seaman's trail at Genoa, and he was traced without 
special difficulty to his mother's house, on Soap Creek, where he was arrested. 
He was taken before E. 0. Smith, Esq., of Franklin Township, the next day 
for preliminary examination, and, having asked for a day's adjournment, 
for the purpose of procuring counsel, he was placed in the hands of Constable 
John S. Trescott for safe-keeping. This was on Friday. About 11 o'clock 
that evening, about a dozen masked men appeared at Trescott's house, accord- 
ing to his statement, and forced him to give up his prisoner into their keeping. 
They immediately started southward with Seaman, and were followed by Tres- 
cott for about half a mile, when he was met, as he says, by Howard, who 
advised him to return and notify Mr. Smith that the prisoner had been seized 
by a mob, and to ask that officer what should be done. Trescott then went to 
Mr. Smith, and related what had happened. Believing that two men could 
accomplish nothing with a dozen, and knowing that it would serve nothing to 
rouse the neighbors, for the mob could accomplish any purpose it sought long 
before they could be found, Mr. Smith allowed the matter to rest. 

The next morning about sunrise, Seaman crawled to the house of Mr. Fyffe, 
who lived about four miles southwest of Livingston, just over the State line. 
The man's clothing was saturated with blood, which had flowed from several 
bullet wounds. He had, according to his own statement, been riddled with 
balls, and had been left for dead by the mob. His condition was truly pitiable, 
and Mr. Fyffe and family entered upon the task of caring for him, believing 
that he must soon die, which was probably the case. The neighborhood soon 
became acquainted with the fact of the uncompleted lynching, which had been 
done on Fyff'e's farm, and, as ugly news travels fast, the intelligence, during the 
day, reached some of those concerned in the attempt on his life. 

That night (Saturday), a party of disguised men went to Fyfie's house and 
removed the prisoner. 

The sun, on Sunday morning, rose bright and clear. Mr. Fyff'e went out 
to see the result of the firing he had heard soon after Seaman had been taken 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 379 

from his house. He found the man lying dead in a little grove a quarter of a 
mile from his house. This news spread rapidly. Mr. Smith and Trescott heard 
of the awful death of Seaman, and reached the spot an hour or two before noon. 
At that time, the hogs had torn half the clothing oflF the body, and, at Mr. 
Smith's request, a pen was built about the corpse to keep the brutes away. The 
Coroner of Putnam County, Mo., had been notified of the awful tragedy, and 
appeared, either that day or the next, to conduct the inquest. The verdict of 
the jury was, that Seaman had been murdered by unknown persons. 

The judgment of the surrounding neighborhood, with which the unpreju- 
diced historian must coincide, was that this was an atrocious and barbarous 
murder, for which there was no extenuating circumstance. The writer has 
carefully avoided any inquiry as to the personality of those concerned in this 
deed of blood, and would suppress their names if he knew them ; but the kill- 
ing of Seaman was absolutely unjustifiable. He had not committed any murder 
himself, and, even if he were guilty of the arson and theft, as alleged, there is 
no reason to believe that the law could not have been enforced in his case. 
The punishment inflicted on the Friday night, ought to have been considered 
ample in its terrible severity ; but when to that was superadded the vindictive 
and bloodthirsty feeling that prompted those men to drag a dying man from the 
bed of charity to complete their barbarous and bloody work, this case of lynch- 
ing is made to stand out almost alone as a monument among the headboards 
erected b}^ Judge Lynch's sexton. 

There are many estimable citizens of Appanoose County who have grave 
doubts that Seaman was in any v/ay concerned in the firing of Howard's barn. 
Further, it is conjectured that the fire was accidentally set by a party of young 
men who had met to play cards in the barn. Be that as it may, Seaman was 
not allowed to have his hearing in the courts, but his guilt was assumed by the 
crowd, and he was shot like a dog by "civilized and enlightened " Americans. 

No effort was ever made to institute legal proceedings against the men con- 
cerned in this tragedy. Seaman appears to have had few friends, and none 
that were able or willing to stir in his behalf. The war was in progress, and 
people living near the border were in a constant state of uneasiness regarding 
what might transpire. Many citizens living near the boundary had been bitter 
partisans in the great political contest that had led up to the war, and those who 
would, under ordinary circumstances, have caused an investigation, judged it 
best to let the matter pass. 

It is a pleasure to be able to add that most of the supposed participants in 
this cruel tragedy are no longer residents of Appanoose County, and it is prob- 
able that some who saw Seaman dying and dead never lived in Iowa at all. 

The only approach to a mob act that has since transpired in the county was 
the '' brigade case " in 1874, when a large number of the neighbors of Henry 
Sanders assembled at his house and invited him to leave the country. They 
had grown weary of his presence among them, on account of several irregulari- 
ties. It is understood that this was a case of " bounce, and that violence was 
intended. He concluded to migrate, however, and his name appears no longer 
on the court records and Auditor's books. 

THE CASE OF FOSTER. 

John Foster had several times figured on the court record of Appanoose 
County prior to 1860, but had almost invariably succeeded in getting clear, 
either on examination or at trial. He Avas conceded by all who knew him to 
be a hard case, but he was ingenious and evasive in all his criminal acts. How- 



380 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

ever, his principal crimes appear to have been committed in surrounding 
counties, doubtless with the intention of securing immunity at home. His res- 
idence was in Sharon Township. 

In April or May, 1866, John had been arrested for the theft of a saddle ; 
but the evidence was too slight to hold him, and he was discharged by the 
Magistrate. Soon after, two horses were stolen from a widow woman named 
Blatchly, in Van Buren County, which were traced by the woman's neighbors 
to the eastern line of this county. For some time before this, so frequent had 
been the loss of horses and other property by theft that the farmers had organ- 
ized protective associations in this and other counties. The local club in Sharon 
Township was notified by the Van Buren men of the theft, and invited to 
co-operate in discovering the thief. Foster, it was ascertained, had been absent 
a few days before, and it was determined to try an experiment or two with him. 
Accordingly, one evening about June 1, 1866, as it was growing dusk, six resi- 
dents of Sharon Township appeared at Foster's house. That worthy, as soon 
as he discovered them, attempted to secure his arms, but was not quick enough, 
for he was covered with a weapon in the hands of a returned soldier, and 
ordereil to hold up his hands. He was then taken in charge and escorted to 
Orleans, to be held for the further movements. Foster's wife, as soon as the 
party left, sent to Centerville to an attorney to endeavor to obtain her hus- 
band's release ; but without success. The next morning, about a hundred mem- 
bers of the association in Appanoose County gathered at Orleans, and pro- 
ceeded to the vicinity of Unionville, where they were met by about a hundred 
members of the Monroe County society. A scuffle ensued between the two 
bands, and Foster was captured by the Monroe men and started northward by 
them, followed by the Appanoose crowd. The march was continued to a small 
grove about five miles southeast of Albia, where the two forces found at least 
three hundred more " vigilantes" awaiting them. 

It was now nearly sunset, and Foster was badly frightened, but had assev- 
erated his innocence of anything criminal all day long. 

Only a week or two before, a resident of Van Buren County named Thomp- 
son, a thoroughly hard case, guilty of both horse-stealing and murder, had been 
seized by a Monroe County crowd, at the request of citizens of Van Buren 
County ; had been taken to this very spot, and after having been stretched by 
the neck to a tree three times, in the vain efibrt to obtain a confession of his 
crimes, had been finally swung and allowed to hang all night. He was found 
by some neighbors next day, and buried three or^four miles off. The rope was 
still hanging to the tree, and Foster was led thereunder. It was shown him, 
and an account of Thompson's unhappy fate was related to him, and John was 
then informed that he could have till daylight the next morning to arrange and 
give his confession, or he would be hanged by the same rope. He was then 
carefully guarded, pickets were placed to prevent the approach of either officers 
or citizens, and the remainder of the crowd lay down to rest. 

About daylight next morning, Foster broke down, and asked that two of 
his neighbors be sent for. This was done, and he gave a list of all his crimes, 
together with ample details regarding them. This was written out by one of 
them, and is still in the custody of its writer. In this document John admitted 
the theft of the horses, and gave the name of the party who had bought them. 
He also admitted having been concerned in the theft and sale of the flock of 
sheep mentioned above, as well as numerous other thefts in the surrounding region. 

This was regarded as highly satisfactory to the crowd, most of whom dispersed, 
but John was detained by the rest till his statements in regard to stealing the 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 381 

widow's horses and their subsequent sale were fully verified, when he was regu- 
larly apprehended and taken to Van Buren County to jail. Had not the crowd 
detained him till they had verified his statements, it is possible that Foster 
might have escaped punishment, for he soon after repudiated the confession ; but 
it was of no avail, for a solid case had been made against him, and he was trans- 
ferred in due time to Fort Madison. 

It is stated that this confession of Foster's practically ended horse-stealing 
as a business in A.ppanoose County. The gang seem to have avoided the man- 
ners and customs of this part of the " Hairy Nation " ever since, believing that 
their business would prove more lucrative in other localities. 

The protective associations soon after disbanded ; but should the same con- 
dition of affairs again arise, it would doubtless be re-organized in all its former 
potency. These societies were composed of estimable citizens, many being pro- 
minent church members. Their object was to protect the property of themselves 
and neighbors, peaceably if they could, but forcibly if they must. 

Foster served out his sentence, and soon after settled in Van Buren County, 
near the Des Moines River, where he bought forty acres of land, and married 
again. H. H. Wright, who was Sheriff of this county for several years, had a 
talk with him, while in that vicinity several years ago. The neighbors spoke 
well of him as a citizen and neighbor, but had an impression that there was 
some mystery about him. Soon after this he abandoned his wife and home, 
and it is believed settled in Missouri, fearing possibly that Wright had informed' 
his neighbors regarding his past record. 

ROBERT LOW AND MARION WRIGHT. 

Early in November, 1866, while a singing-school was in progress one even- 
ing, a little way south of where Moulton now stands, two horses which had 
been ridden to the school, were stolen. One was owned by Elder Jordan, of 
Orleans, and the other by Mr. Adams. 

As soon as the loss was discovered. Elder Jordan and James Pulliam started 
in pursuit. ' It was a warm trail, but as " a stern chase is a long one," these 
gentlemen rode to the vicinity of Kirksville, Mo., where they stayed all 
night, and their host being a resolute, determined fellow, decided in the 
morning to accompany them. The thieves, who were known as Robert 
Low and Marion Wright, were overtaken about eleven miles south of Kirksville, 
but had no intention of giving up either the horses or themselves. An affray 
occurred, in which a ball struck Jordan sidewise in the stomach, passing just 
clear of the bowels. Pulliam was struck by a ball near the temple, which raked 
along his skull for several inches, leaving a bad gash in the scalp, and their Mis- 
souri companion was badly wounded in the cheek and mouth. Low made his 
escape, but Wright was captured. The latter scoundrel was taken care of by a 
crowd of Missourians, who did not consider it worth while to trouble the courts 
with his case. It is certain that he never stole any more horses. 

THE STAGE ROBBERY. 

The most audacious piece of scoundrelism ever perpetrated in the county 
was the robbery of two stages on the Corydon road, near where it crosses Big 
Walnut Creek in John's Township, in the summer of 1865. As stated by 
George Pratt, Es([., who was keeping hotel in Centerville, and also acting as 
Stage Agent at the time, this daring robbery was substantially as follows : 

Mr. McKeever, who was a resident of Centerville, had made a trip to 
Decatur County, and perhaps further west, with the intention of buying horses. 



582 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

He had borrowed a considerable sum of money at Corydon, but had decided 
not to buy any stock, and made his preparations to return home. He got into 
the stage at Leon, Decatur County, eastward bound, with E. Johnson as driver. 
Three strangers in Leon also got on, paying their fare to Corydon, and it is 
now believed that these men expected to rob McKeever. This gentleman, 
however, got off at Corydon, and remained for the purpose of paying back the 
money he had borrowed. Johnson's three other passengers decided to come on 
to Centerville, and paid their fare accordingly. They were a very sociable 
load, and more than once Johnson was supplied by them with cigars and a sup 
out of their flasks. Arrived near the bridge across Walnut, they took posses- 
sion of Johnson's outfit. One of them conducted him to a fallen tree, and 
told him to sit quiet. The others unhitched his horses, took off the harness, 
and tied them near by, intending to rifle the mail-bags. 

About the time this was accomplished, a neighboring farmer drove along, 
who was also stopped, robbed, and his team unharnessed also. 

The stage moving west, which should have left Centerville in the morning, 
had not started till about 4 o'clock, now appeared on the east side of the river, 
it then being nearly sundown. The passengers were a returned soldier and 
two ladies. This stage was stopped on the bridge, the mail-sacks taken and 
the soldier robbed, but the ladies were not molested. The best horses were 
unharnessed, when the three dashing brigands selected the three best horses 
from the whole lot, gathered up the mail-bags, mounted the horses, and after 
warning their prisoners not to follow them for a specified time, the jolly stage 
passengers rode off like fox-hunters, having probably secured $600 or $700 
booty. They rode west about three miles, when they met a man driving a 
flock of sheep, whom they robbed of about $300 or $400, and then rode south- 
west to Promise City. In the neighborhood of that village they "drafted" 
the services of a boy to guide them several miles. They then let him go, and 
followed down the Locust about twenty-five miles. 

Of course the stage-drivers and the farmer did not care to lose three valu- 
able horses, and as soon as they dared they started in pursuit, rousing the 
country as they went. The horses were found in the western part of Putnam 
County, Missouri, a day or two after, badly used up, but the dashing trio 
escaped without leaving their cards or post office address behind them. 

This whole affair smacks of the daring style and brilliant successes of the 
Jameses and Youngers, together with the peculiar courtesy and bland demeanor 
of those daring highwaymen of Hounslow Heath, Claude Duval and Jack 
Rann. It is but one in the long list of Western stage robberies and train 
stoppages ; but fortunately there was no bloodshed, for the show of weapons by 
the party was prudently respected. But it is probable that these dashing high- 
waymen have years ago been exterminated, or gone West to "grow up with the 
country." 

'' A FEW ANCIENT ELECTIONS. 

Only meager records have been kept of the early elections in Appanoose 
County, and several of the first years are entirely wanting. 

It is said that only thirty-five or thirty-six votes Avere cast at the organizing 
election, in August, 1846. No attention was paid to politics till 1848, when 
the Presidential contest of that year revived the half- forgotten ideas formerly 
entei'tained by the people before removing here. 

At the general election in August, 1854, Curtis Bates, the Democratic 
nominee for Governor, had 507 votes, and James W. Grimes, his Republican 
opponent, 373. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 383 

At the election in August, 1855, James Ewing, for Sheriff, had 600 
votes, and his competitor, J. G. Brown, 550. This was the first and only- 
election in the county in which the American, or " Know-Nothing," party 
figured. A few lodges were established, and those who had "seen Sam" 
were quite numer-ous. H. Tannehill, though not a member of the or- 
ganization, accepted the support of its members, and was elected County 
Judge. 

The returns of the August election in 18 IG are not recorded, but the sum- 
mary for 1857 is preserved. In August of that year, James Galbraith, for 
County Judge, had 969 votes, and his opponent, John L. Bland, 434. It is 
apparent from a comparison of this vote with that of 1854, that the population 
of the county had nearly doubled in three years. The vote in 1858 was, how- 
ever, smaller than in 1856. 

At the general election in November, 1860, there were 1,226 votes cast for 
John M. Corse, Democratic candidate for Secretary of State, and 874 for 
Elijah Sells, the Republican nominee. 

THE WILLIAMSON WAR. 

This was a serio comic aifair that transpired a mile or so south of Cincin- 
nati, in 1860. A family named Williamson had settled in the neighborhood, 
and some of the citizens of Pleasant Township, having conceived a prejudice 
against the female Williamsons, assembled at night to drive the family out of 
the county. They besieged the castle with such success that one of the attack- 
ing party, a man named Patterson, got a bullet through his knee, fired by one 
of the Williamsons, as a penalty for his illegal act. This ended the attack, 
for Patterson's friends were willing enough to carry off their wounded and 
abandon their hazardous enterprise. 

THE BOOK OF JUDGES. 

The record left by the various County Judges is not now of special importance, 
those officers having confined themselves closely to the routine duties of the 
office. 

In 1854, Jonathan F. Stratton was appointed agent, to ascertain how much 
of the surface of the county should be classified as swamp and overflowed land. 
The rush of settlement was then appropriating, right and left, everything that 
was open to entry, and it was necessary to have the swamp lands selected with a 
view to future indemnity. 

The orders for the incorporation of Centerville were made from February 
26 to March 26, 1855. 

In July, 1855, John K. Allen was appointed liquor agent for the county, 
under the prohibitory law then in force. 

March 1, 1858, the boundaries of the townships then existing were modified 
to create Franklin. September 6, in the same year, a general re-organization of 
the townships was made, in order to admit of the formation of Douglas, Udell, 
Sharon and Walnut Townships, all of which held their first election in the 
following October. 

The County Judge system of government ended with the year 1860. It 
was faulty in some respects, and apparently autocratic ; but, on the whole, the 
system worked well. In Appanoose, the government by the Judges was very 
economical, which was a fortunate circumstance, for the last three years of the 
system, following the crash of 1857, when it was almost impossible to pay even 



384 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

the moderate taxes of that period. On the first Monday in January, 1861, the 
Judge gave way to the 

^ ° "^ BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. 

At that time, each township was represented by a citizen elected within its 
own limits. After the first year, one-half of the members were elected annu- 
ally, each member thus serving two years. In some respects, this system was 
more objectionable than the former one, for it was assumed by the electors of 
each township that their Supervisor was elected to represent their own local 
interests, and on this account members would sometimes lose sight of the county's 
welfare in their zeal for local affairs, in order to preserve a good record at home 
as industrious members. Sometimes, too, members who had an ambition to be 
promoted to the Legislature, would seek to distinguish themselves as orators and 
leaders of the Board, thereby impairing their usefulness for the time being. 

As the records of this body are comparatively recent, elaborately written 
out, and readily accessible, no attempt is made in this work to present an 
abstract of its doings, except as bearing on the war record, the construction of 
the Court House, and the purchase of the Poor Farm. 

EVERYBODY SATISFIED. 

Along about this time, an old settler, still a resident in the eastern part of 
the county, who had been rather wild in his younger days, was tried by the 
church of which he had been endeavoring to be a good member, but with indif- 
ferent success, for some infraction of discipline, which, by the way, is said to 
have been venial. He had transgressed more than once, had been labored with 
each time, but still proved to be a " poor stick " for the church. The last trial 
resulted in his expulsion, which sentence he heard with becoming meekness. 
After a moment of silence, he arose, took his hat, walked down the aisle with 
downcast head, and, reaching the door, made a graceful bow and exclaimed : 
" Well, good-by, brethren ; I suppose I haven't been much use to you, and T 
know you haven't done me any good ! " It was a clear statement of the case. 

A DOUBLE MURDER. 

Shelton A. King, a resident of Wayne County, had become embarrassed in 
circumstances, and, in order to withhold his property from the grasp of impa- 
tient creditors, had transferred it to his wife. As the sequel proved, his confi- 
dence was badly abused. King was a tobacconist by trade, and made frequent 
trips away from home, to dispose of his manufactures. His wife turned out 
to be a " light-o'-love," and her conduct had become so scandalous that a sep- 
aration had taken place, the woman retaining the property previously conveyed 
to her, and lived with her paramour in the neighborhood, in almost open dis- 
regard of the amenities of law or morals. 

The latter part of 1861, King having substantially paid off his debts, was 
naturally anxious to regain control of his property, but his wife was equally 
anxious to hold it. Considerable litigation ensued, without finally settling the 
title, in the course of which his wife found it necessary to come to Appanoose 
County for the purpose of obtaining evidence in her behalf. Accordingly, 

about April 1, 1862, accompanied by her paramour, Frasier, she visited 

Centerville, and, among others, called upon Hon. Joshua Miller, who describes 
her as having been quite a handsome little woman. That evening or the next, 
the couple started toward their home in Wayne County, driving a covered 
wagon. They stopped for a while at the house of Mr. Gordon, a few miles 
west of town, where they were invited to stay all night, but declined. Some- 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 385 

thing was said about the risk of being followed by the husband, when one of 
the pair said they were fully prepared for any such contingency. 

The couple drove on westward, on the State Road, and camped on the west 
side of Walnut Creek. The next morning they were found dead by a passer-by, 
who described them as lying on their backs, on a bed made up in the wagon, 
close together. A hatchet and butcher-knife had both been used to accomplish 
the murder, and it is understood that both had been stunned with the hatchet, 
and that the murder had been completed by stabs with the knife. The dead 
bodies were conveyed to Centerville, and the Coroner's view was held at the 
hotel kept by George Pratt, Esq. 

King was arraigned before Judge Galbraith, on the 9th of April, but the 
examination did not take place till May 5, when he was ordered to be sent to 
jail on the charge of murder. 

The trial began September 30, 1862, before the following jurors : William 
Harper, John Feers, John Helmick, Emanuel Dahl, Thomas Bailey, John Bayles, 
T. L. Boswell, J. H. Benson, Daniel Johnson, George W. Wise, J. R. P. Garret- 
son, Charles McQuire. Amos Harris and T. B. Perry appeared for the State, 
and J. C. Knapp, Henry Clay Dean and H. Tannehill for the defense. It was 
probably the best combination for the defense that could have been made. Knapp 
was recognized as one of the greatest living lawyers, and Tannehill was then 
coming rapidly forward as an industrious and solid jurist, while the fervid ora- 
tory of Dean on that occasion is said to have been sublime. The Sickles-Key 
homicide had occurred two or three years before, creating a profound impression 
throughout the country, and the argument had been advanced that an injured 
husband was justifiable in killing the destroyer of his domestic peace. This 
had served to acquit Sickles, and the popular verdict justified the jury. The 
trial of King ended October 7, and the doctrine enunciated in the Sickles case 
had been urged with great brilliancy in King's defense. He was, as everybody 
expected, triumphantly acquitted, and the hundreds who attended the trial coin- 
cided in opinion with the jury. 

But, in spite of the judicial and popular approval of King's course, he has, 
for several years past, been altering in appearance toward ill-health and old age. 
A well-known citizen of Centerville, a few years ago, spoke to him about his 
melancholy appearance, and suggested that he looked badly out of sorts. He 
gravely and touchingly answered that he had "never been the same man" 
since the tragic death of his victims in Johns Township. 

THE BUILDING OF THE COURT HOUSE. 

It had become apparent to the tax-payers, in 1856, that the log Court House, 
with its frame additions, would not long serve the needs of the county ; but the 
hard times of 1857 deferred the agitation of the question for some time. 

So insufficient was the size of the Court House in 1858, that the Court in 
that year was held at the Presbyterian Church. 

A special election was held May 19, 1860, to determine whether a Court 
House should be built at a cost of $15,000 ; there were 906 votes for the measure 
and 89 votes against it. 

Soon after this election, Judge Galbraith made a contract with Callen & 
Pearson to build the new structure, and the foundation was laid during that 
year. 

In January, 1861, the Board of Supervisors ordered a drain to be con- 
structed to clear the foundation from an accumulation of water, and to protect 
it from future damp, and appointed Judge Galbraith Superintendent of the con- 



386 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY, 

struction of the building, he having offered to attend to it for |240, although 
Thomas Wentworth offered to supervise it for $-30. 

The payments made by the Board to Callen & Pearson, exclusive of what 
had been paid for the foundation, were as follows : January, 1862, $5,000 ; 
June, 1862, |2,650 ; October, 1862, $1,000 ; January, 1863, |1,255, and at 
the same session the report of Galbraith, as Superintendent, was approved, 
which is the only hint that the work had been completed. 

Most of the above payments had been made from the Swamp-Land Fund. 
The grounds were fenced in 1864. 

The Court House is a brick structure, 52x76 feet in size, and two stories 
high, with a basement. On the first floor are halls crossing each way, and on 
this floor the county offices and fire-proof vaults are situated. A spacious court- 
room and jury-rooms occupy the upper story. The walls of the court-room are 
handsomely frescoed with several appropriate designs, including the goddess of 
Justice in the rear of the Judge's stand, and the goddess of Liberty on the 
front wall. The ceiling is frescoed in various figures surrounding the American 
eagle in the center. The covering of the edifice is fire-proof, and is surmounted 
by a tower rising ninety-nine and a half feet from the ground. The public 
square, in the center of which this temple of justice stands, is inclosed and well 
set with thrifty forest-trees. 

"AH, TIM, AVOUKNEEN, WHY DID YE DIE." 

The last day of December, 1863, one Wilkinson, who kept a whisky 
"shebang" in Sharon, visited a friend of his, named Jim McCune, who lived 
two or three miles north of that village. Wilkinson liked his own wares as Avell 
as his customers, and was considerably intoxicated while at McCune's, who 
pressed him to stay all night ; but he declined, and started for home. On the 
way, he stumbled and fell upon the point of a butcher-knife he was carrying in 
his hand, which severed an artery, from the effects of which he must have died 
in a few minutes. The snow was falling fast, and he was soon buried out of 
sight. The bitter storm of New Year's, 1864 (the next day), is vividly remem- 
bered, and it is not strange that poor Wilkinson's body was not discovered till, 
perhaps, the 3d or 4th. When found, it was tenderly borne, by Wilkinson's 
companions and friends, to his residence and place of business at Sharon, and, 
no priest being near, they resolved to give him a "wake" befitting his means 
and social standing. It was a scene, it is said, for a painter, and that no pen-pict- 
ure can possibly do the subject justice. Every time the men took a drink, the 
bottle and tumbler were taken to Wilkinson, who was invited, in the most 
persuasive manner, to take a drink himself; and he was invited to drink at 
least twenty times that night. The mad carouse was kept up all night, with 
songs, card-playing and whisky-drinking, nor did his friends cease their kind 
offices till the grave was dug next day and his body placed therein, when a 
farewell drink was taken to the departed Wilkinson's memory, and he was once 
more pressed to taste the " mountain-dew." He was as handsomely " waked " 
and buried as poor " Rosin, the Beau " could have expected. His mortuary request 

was as follows : , .,., .. i , i ^ ■ ■, . .i. 

" When 1 m dead and laid out on the counter, 

A voice you will hear from below, 

Singing out for whisky and water 

To drink to old Rosin, the Beau. 

" Then get four or five jovial young fellows, 
And Ifit them all staggering go, 
And dig a deep hole in the meadow. 
And in it place Rosin, the Beau." 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 387 

THE MURDER OF CAPT. J. L. BASHORE. 

During the war, Poweshiek County acquired a bad reputation throughout 
the State for the disloyalty of many of its citizens, who not only indulged in 
seditious language, but identified themselves with a secret political organization 
known as "Knights of the Golden Circle;" and so far did they carry their 
disloyal and obnoxious behavior that, at one time. Gov. Kirkwood marched to 
Montezuma with several hundred men to enforce the draft that had been ordered 
in that county. In short, many of the Poweshiek people were guilty of overt 
acts of rebellion, and much difficulty was experienced in maintaining order 
among them. 

October 1, 1864, Capt. Bashore, a citizen of Appanoose County, and Capt. 
Woodruff, then doing duty as Deputy Provost Marshal, went to Union Town- 
ship, Poweshiek County, for the purpose of arresting three deserters, named 
Samuel Bryant, Joseph Robertson and Thomas Mclntyre. So compact and 
clear is the address of Judge S. F. Miller, of the United States Supreme Court, 
who presided at the trial of Michael Gleason, three years later, for the murder 
of Capts. Bashore and Woodruff, that nothing further needs to be added regard- 
ing the circumstances of their sad death. It is given herewith : 

Michael Gleason, you are charged at this bar and before the country with the crime of mur- 
der. A jury of honest and faithful men, after a full and fair investigation of your case, have 
said that you are guilty. You have had three years to prepare for this trial and to secure, at 
the expense of the Government, all the testimony which you could find in your behalf. You 
have had the aid of able, experienced, faithful and energetic counsel, who have done all that 
could be done in your defense. You have had a fair, an impartial and conscientious trial. 

I have no doubt, myself, of your moral and legal guilt, and I feel authorized to say that such 
is the judgment of my associate [Judge Love] who has been with me through this case. 

You met these two men, who confided to you their purpose to arrest deserters. You went 
from them immediately to a place in the neighborhood where these deserters were, with a large 
crowd of other persons assembled, many of whom, you had no doubt, sympathized with them. 
On your way, you published to every person you saw the presence of these officers in the neigh- 
borhood and the object of their visit. Vou declared on each occision your hostility to their pur- 
pose and your readiness to join in resisting, even to death — although you had professed to them 
you would assist them. 

When you reached the crowd, you proclaimed aloud, in the hearing of all, the presence of 
these men and the object of their visit, and declared that you would be one of three men to take 
or kill them. Very shortly after this, you and two men of desperate character [Joseph and 
John Fleenor] left the crowd in the same direction and about the same time. You were next 
seen lying beside one of your victims, with your gun broken over his head, your pistol on the 
ground, freshly dischorged, and your other victim dead a few rods off. 

You were one of the three who killed those men, as you had said you would be ; and you 
killed them without any cause of offense against them personally. Your only motive was hostil- 
ity to the law which they were charged to enforce. 

You are not a native of this country, but, as your counsel have stated, you had taken an 
oath that you would be favorable to its Government. You came from a country in which men in 
your station of life complain — perhaps justly — that they are oppressed by laws which they have 
no voice in making. You have come to a country where your vote at the ballot-box is as poten- 
tial in making or modifying the laws as that of the Judge who now addresses you. 

Not content with this peaceable mode of changing a law which you did not like, you permit- 
ted your hostility to it to incite you to murder the persons charged with its enforcement. Your 
present condition is a striking admonition that this cannot be permitted in a free country any 
more than in a despotism. 

The judgment which the law pronounces against you is one which my private judgment does 
• not approve, for I do not believe that capital punishment is the best means to enforce the observ- 
ance of the laws, or that, in the present state of society, it) is necessary for its protection. But 
I have no more right, for that reason, to refuse to obey the law than you had to resist it. 

I, therefore, do pronounce upon you its sentence, which is, that you be committed to the 
custody of the Marshal of this district, by wliom you shall be held in close imprisonment until 
the '27th day of December next [1867], and that on that day you be hanged by the neck until 
you are dead ; and may God, the wise Governor of the Universe, who is equally the Father of 
the Judge who pronounces this sentence and the criminal to whom it is addressed, have mercy 
on you. 



388 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Gleason had made a statement regarding the affair, which was offered in 
evidence, to the purport that he had started homeward from a muster of the 
disloyal men in the neighborhood, preceded by the Fleenors. He came up, as 
he said, with the Fleenors, who were talking with Bashore and Woodruff. The 
Fleenors went on and Gleason stopped to talk with the Marshals. All three 
then started in the direction taken by the Fleenors, and in a few minutes three 
shots were fired from the brush, wounding one of the officers and Gleason. The 
Fleenors then appeared. One of them struck the other officer over the head 
with Gleason's gun and fired at him with a revolver, when the murderers fled 
through the brush and disappeared. The officers and Gleason were soon after 
found by some neighbors. Gleason also stated that Bashore told him where he 
lived, while lying in the road, and asked him to notify his wife. 

But this statement was impaired by the evidence of Mr. White, who was in 
the party who found them. This witness swore that Bashore informed him 
that Gleason had struck him with his gun, and that Gleason replied by calling 
him a liar. Woodruff was dead when found, and Bashore died soon after : but 
his dying statement clearly implicated Gleason in the brutal transaction. 

Gleason escaped his penalty, however, through the clemency of President 
Johnson. 

SERIOUS ACCIDENT. 

In the fall of 1865, a man named Forsyth and a woman named Morrow, 
while crossing the Chariton bridge in Sharon Township, were both badly hurt. 
It was a Howe truss bridge, and one of the upper diagonal timbers being loose, 
was shaken out of place by the tremor caused by the wagon. It fell, striking 
them both. Forsyth was permanently disabled and Mrs. Morrow badly hurt. 
Action was brought against the county, but the matter was compromised by the 
Board of Supervisors, in the following January, Forsyth receiving $3,000 _ 
indemnity, and the woman $800. 

BIG SNAKE, ETC. 

It is related with all seriousness that, about May 1, 1866, a lad named 
Wyckoff, a resident of Franklin Township, was chased some distance by a mon- 
strous snake. Getting out of patience, finally, he stopped, stood his ground 
and succeeded in killing the reptile, which, when measured, proved to be sixteen 
feet two inches in length and over a foot in circumference. The species of the 
animal is not given. 

In March, 1867, Samuel Bessey and Charles Perkins, who lived in the 
vicinity of Cincinnati, succeeded in killing a panther on the State line. This 
was a fine specimen, seven feet long and a little over two and a half feet high. 

About the same time, Orlando Pulliam, a boy living near Orleans, while 
hunting other game, came upon a lynx, which he secured by a lucky shot, and 
took home in triumph. ^ o^n 

^ THE ECLIPSE OF 1869. 

Every inhabitant of Appanoose County, save those deprived by misfortune of 
sight, had ample opportunity to observe the startling phenomena attending the 
total eclipse of the sun on the afternoon of August 7, 1869, the whole of the 
county being within the line of the totality, or within the belt of 156 miles in 
breadth in which the body of the moon completely hid the sun from view. In 
the absence of any local description of the sublime spectacle, recourse is had to 
an account written by the well-known astronomer and graphic writer, E. 
Colbert, who was one of the observers from the station at Des Moines. Noth- 
ing was specially noticeable during the encroaching motion of the moon, until 





CENTERVILLE 




HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 391 

only a slender crescent of sunlight remained, except a diminution of light, 
giving a pallid cast to objects in the far horizon. When the disk of the sun 
was almost covered and the light began to diminish sensibly, a chilliness crept 
into the air, not like the coolness of a summer evening, but like the biting 
fingers of a winter storm. This reduction in temperature was almost awful in 
its swift approach. Birds and domestic fowls sought their roosts, dogs and 
horses manifested much uneasiness, and, in some instances, positive terror, and 
even cattle huddled together in fear at the swiftly approaching dark- 
ness. 

The corona, as viewed through an excellent glass, was remarkably different 
from all preconceived notions on the subject, and from all previous descriptions, 
both in size and shape. It has always been represented as nearly annular (ring- 
formed), of about equal breadth all the way round the edge of the moon, and 
not more than one-tenth of her apparent diameter. The corona of the 7th was 
exceedingly irregular in its outline, and in some places projected to a distance 
fully half the apparent diameter of the moon, or nearly 500,000 miles. The 
greatest length was almost identical with the direction of the moon's path across 
the face of the sun, which very nearly coincided with the plane of the ecliptic. 
From the east side a mass of light shot out to a distance of five or six digits ; 
it was about thirty degrees wide at the base, and shaped nearly like the remote 
half of a silver-poplar leaf. Near the moon it shone with an almost uniform 
white light, but within a short space it broke up into brilliant rays, almost 
parallel with each other, and all pointing nearly toward the center. Still 
further out, these rays assumed more of a streaky character, seeming to lie 
against a darker background, and toward the summit they faded away into a 
more diffused and milder light, though still distinct and bright. Near the ex- 
tremity it appeared more like a cumulus cloud, but the central direction of the 
rays was plainly visible. It melted away into the azure background almost 
imperceptibly, but the outline was perfect, except at the very extremity of the 
leaf-shaped mass. On the other side of the disk was a corresponding tongue, 
but less regular, and extending only about two-thirds as far into the void. This 
position was more brilliant near the base than its counterpart, and was sharply 
defined at the very extremity, the rays blending so thickly that it required a 
steady gaze to separate them. The extent of this portion was about 285,000 
miles. One observer saw the light reflected from the moon's edge at a distance 
of 54,000 miles from the sun's body, while the light was reflected from the 
other edge at a distance of 74,000 miles. The total width of the corona was 
about 1,600,000 miles. 

The broadest mass of covered light was visible on the left (in the southwest 
quarter). This sprung from an arc of about fifty degrees on the moon's circum- 
ference to a height of three digits, or 234,000 miles. This mass was more dif- 
fuse than either of the others, and separated near the extremity into narrow 
leaflets of light, something like the flame from a thinly-spread bed of coals, 
only there was no red, the light being pure white, with a faint coruscation. 
Opposite to this, on the right, was another leaf-spread mass of four digits 
in height, on a basis of twenty to twenty-five degrees, and like a parabola in 
general outline, which was, however, broken up on the outer side into jets. 
Another broad sheet sprung up on the northeast, toward the zenith, nearly 
rectangular in shape, and three to four digits high, the upper third part being 
divided irregularly into tongues of light, formed by assemblages of lays. 
Between these large masses the circumference of the lunar orb was filled up by 
radiate lines of brilliant light, extending on an average a digit and a half in 



392 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

height, or 125,000 miles from the sun's surface. It was noticeable that this 
continuous band was the narrowest on the lower left-hand side (southwest by 
south), averaging about two-thirds of the width elsewhere, and was badly 
broken on its entire outline, as if the regularity were interfered with by the 
action of the string of beadlike protuberances jutting up through the interior 
portion of its volume. 

The full amount of this irregularity was not perceptible with the naked eye, 
but the general distribution of long and short rays was the same. To the 
unaided vision the narrow portions of the corona were visible and bright ; but 
the tongue-like extensions faded out into nothingness, whereas the telescope 
gave a definite outline all around, except at the summit of the first-named pro- 
trusion. The apparent color of the protuberances was a pinkish red. The 
instant that the last film of light had vanished, leaving the sun in utter 
darkness, and simultaneously with the outflash of the corona, the line of pro- 
tuberances on the south limb burst into view. Soon after the western edge of 
the moon had advanced sufficiently to uncover the protuberances on that side, 
and the four largest remained distinctly visible till the last glimmer of light 
was visible, when they vanished with the corona, leaving the world in the deep 
darkness of total eclipse. A moment passed, and those occupying elevated 
positions could see the shadow of approaching darkness moving toward them 
swiftly as the ripples are raised on a placid lake by a summer breeze, but 
awful, intense and terrible — fearful as a procession of spirits in the lower circle 
of the "Inferno." A few seconds of expectancy and the light was gone. It 
was an interval of absolute silence and of total darkness ; for the eyes of the 
observer had been contracted by the rays of the sun, and needed two or three 
seconds to dilate suflSciently to distinguish any object whatever. Nothing ter- 
restrial could be seen, the darkness was too great ; but by looking upward the 
stars could be noticed to creep out, one by one, until a dozen could be dis- 
cerned with the naked eye. 

A FEW RECENT EVENTS. 

The death of William Hampton, a miner employed in the Watson coal- 
shaft, occurred June 19, 1874, from injuries received by the hoisting apparatus 
while attaching a car to be hauled up. 

On the 23d, W. N. Shafter, who resided near Centerville, lost his life from 
the pressure of carbonic-acid gas in his well. 

Charles Thompson, while investigating the condition of Adam Keller's coal- 
bank, near Numa, August 9, 1874, fell twenty-five feet down the shaft, and was 
suffocated by "damps" before he could be reached. 

September 28, 1874, William Stevens, of Washington Township, while 
attempting to ford the Chariton, at Perdue's Ford, was drowned in sight of two 
young men, who were unable to give him aid in time. 

February 8th, 1875, Joseph Holland, of Independence Township, lost his 
house by fire, during the absence of himself and wife. On leaving, they had 
left their four children at home. A neighbor saw the fire, and reached the 
house in time to rescue three of the children, but the other perished in the 
flames. 

December 28, 1875, Charles Herbst, of Taylor Township, was killed in a 
rencontre with his own son, James, by name. Two of James' brothers were 
having a fight about a hound pup, which James undertook to end. The father, 
seeing the affray, rushed out with a piece of scantling, which James snatched 
away from him. The father then picked up a hame, and rushed on the young 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 393 

man. Both struck at the same moment, and both fell. The father rose, went 
back to the house, took to his bed and died next day. 

DEATH OF A PIONEER. 

The death of S. F. Wadlington, Esq., occurred on Monday, November 4, 
1878, and a brief personal mention vnll not be out of place in closing this 
sketch of the county's history. The deceased was born and reared in Kentucky, 
and married in that State; but the union was an unhappy one, and, after procur- 
ing a divorce from his wife, he removed to Appanoose County in 1847, being 
then about thirty-five years old. His experience in married life soured his dis- 
position, and he avoided the society of women as much as possible. The 
deceased was a good business man, punctual to his engagements, and expected 
a prompt fulfillment of promises from those he trusted, but did not seem to be 
anxious to amass a great fortune. He was in many respects a type of the true 
Kentuckian — truthful and often generous. One case is mentioned in which 
he voluntarily abated $500 of interest from a claim he held, where, by wait- 
ing, he could have got it. He would do much to oblige a friend, and would 
sometimes, as in the Murphy case, brave public opinion for the sake of obtain- 
ing a fair trial for a man he believed to be guilty. Mr. Wadlington was a mem- 
ber of the Masonic Order, having taken the degrees before leaving Kentucky. 
He was a member of Jackson Lodge, No. 42, for many years, and was buried 
by the members of that Lodge, in a spot prepared by himself several years ago, 
near his house in Independence ToAvnship. His death was caused by taking 
cold while going home from Centcrville, October 19, during a snowstorm. He 
had been offered the use of an overcoat, but refused it. Mr. Wadlington will 
long be remembered as the most eccentric person who has lived in Appanoose 
County, but yet a trusted, enterprising citizen. His last visit to Centerville 
was partly to ascertain what was being done toward extending the M., I. & N. 
Raih'oad, and to urge the advisability of locating the route so as to make avail- 
able the coal-beds in the northwest part of the county. 



RAILROADS. 

Although Appanoose County lies within a hundred miles of two of the large 
Iowa cities, and although it was among the first of the interior counties to be 
settled by white men, its railroad system was inaugurated at a comparatively 
late period. In fact, four great lines had spanned the State from east to west 
and another had progressed far up the river Des Moines from Keokuk, before 
Appanoose and a county or two lying west had been thought of as a field for 
railway investment, except by the inhabitants themselves. But the roads 
alluded to above were the " land grant " lines, backed by subsidies of land from 
the General Government, and amply worth the cost of constructing the roads. 

ST. LOUIS, KANSAS CITY & NORTHERN. 

This is the successor to the bankrupt North Missouri Company, which, m 
1867, and the following year, was engaged in extending the railway system of 
Missouri. Tempting overtures having been made by the people of Otturawa 
and other communities in Iowa to extend the stem from Macon northward, the 
work of construction began. It was at first supposed by the people of Center- 
ville that they would obtain this line, but they were outbid by the people of 
Davis County. The North Missouri people, however, ran their line into 



394 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Appanoose County two miles, in 1869, establishing the town of Moulton. The 
line then took a long curve eastward to Bloomfield in Davis County, and thence 
to Ottumwa, hoping to reach Cedar Rapids without much delay ; but in this 
they were disappointed, for the Company became bankrupt, and OttuniAva is 
still its terminus. The tendency of railway consolidation would indicate that 
not many years will elapse before this route and the Central of Iowa, will fall 
into one ownership and management. 

CHICAGO & SOUTHWESTERN. 

This route, as surveyed, was to pass through Moulton and thence through 
the southern townships of the county. But the people of Centerville and the 
central portion of the county, by a vigorous effort, which included a contribu- 
tion of $125,000 and a donation of the right of way, secured a diversion of the 
route by way of Unionville, Centerville and Nuraa. Pending the effort to 
secure this change, there was some bad feeling between the people represent- 
ing the rival routes, which passed away, however, very soon after the change 
was effected. Backed, as this Company was, by the great Rock Island corpo- 
ration, it is not strange that the construction was very rapid. Its initial point 
is at Washington, and its terminus is at Leavenworth. The road was completed 
to Centerville February 16, 1871, and, noting its rapid construction westward, 
the people felt that, although they had paid a large price, yet they had secured 
a line that must, in the very nature of things, prove to be an important one. 

The effect of this road on the growth of Centerville has been very marked. 
The business of the town has trebled, and its population has already nearly 
doubled. Besides affording the needed connection with Chicago for the trans- 
portation of grain and stock, the road is a heavy consumer of Appanoose 
County coal and stone, and, in addition, carries large quantities of coal to other 
towns along the line, thus bringing additional profits to the county. 

It is only the sober truth to add, for the encouragement of the people of 
Appanoose County, that the business of this line is not half what it will be 
within ten years. With greater diversity of pursuits, with increased develop- 
ment and with a compact instead of a sparse population, all of which are close 
at hand, many young citizens of this vicinity will see, before their hair turns 
gray, the passenger business of this line trebled and its freight traffic quad- 
rupled. MISSOURI, IOWA & NORTHERN. 

This road was mainly secured by the efforts of people living along its line 
in Missouri and in Appanoose County, the contributions and local aid amount- 
ing to about $700,000. The Company was organized March 26, 1870, and the 
present leno-th of road built in the following year. This Company was really 
the outgrowth of the "Iowa Southern Company," which was organized August 
3 1866, with the following as incorporators : F. M. Drake, James Jordan, S. 
W. McAtee, Andrew Colliver, William McK. Findley, H. H. Trimble, J. B. 
Glenn, William Bradley, T. J. Rogers, Jacob Shaw, N. Udell, J. D. Baker, B. 
Bowen, H. Tannehill, R. N. Glenn. 

The object, as stated in the article, was to build a road with two branches to 
Bloomfield, thence west via Centerville to the Missouri River. One of said 
branches to commence at a point on the Des Moines Valley Railroad, running 
thence to Bloomfield, Iowa ; the other branch to commence at a point on the 
State line of Missouri and Iowa where the Alexandria & Bloomfield Railroad 
terminates, running thence to Bloomfield, Iowa, there forming a junction with 
the branch first above named, running thence west (with a single track) via 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 395 

Centerville, through the southern tier of counties in Iowa, to a point on the 
Missouri River. 

The Bloomfield programme was abandoned after a time, and a consolidation 
having been effected with a company at Alexandria, the road was built as above 
stated, by way of Memphis and Glenwood to Centerville, which town is yet the 
terminus of the line. 

The achievement of this second route east for Centerville, making the third 
line to enter the county, was a proud one, for it was only through the hard 
labor of the gentlemen named above, as well as the constant personal applica- 
tion of Gen. Drake, that it was achieved at all. 

A vigorous attempt is now being made to extend this route westward at an 
early day, Cory don being talked of as an objective point, with a view to its 
ultimate completion to the Missouri River, and an effort has been made to vote a 
tax in Centerville in aid of the project ; but what the upshot will be cannot be 
stated now. It would seem that the people of Appanoose County will not be 
backward in extending assistance to so necessary an enterprise, giving, as it 
will, immediate employment to scores of men and teams, as well as making a 
permanent market for the great store of coal and stone, of which several west- 
ern counties are destitute. The line, if completed to the Missouri, as proposed, 
will be over two hundred and fifty miles in length, and Appanoose County will 
then be in close connection with the vast transcontinental routes — *' a consum- 
mation devoutly to be wished." 

BURLINGTON & SOUTHWESTERN. 

This road was completed across Appanoose County in 1874. From Bloom- 
field to Moulton it uses the track of the St. Louis, Kansas City & Northern, 
and runs from Moulton, by way of Cincinnati, to La Clede, Mo. Having been 
constructed so soon after the panic of 1873, this line has been operated under 
somewhat discouraging circumstances. At one time the company was in arrears 
for the use of the track between Bloomfield and Moulton, and the St. L., K. C. 
& N. took up its "frogs" to enforce collection. The business of the line is 
steadily improving, however, and it must, in time, become a paying route. 
Being a part of the immense " Burlington system," and with a certainty of a 
yet closer alliance, this road is destined to prove a large factor in the develop- 
ment of Appanoose County. The people of Cincinnati and vicinity contributed 
about $25,000 to assist in the construction of this route. 



OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION. 

The preliminary meeting to organize this society was held September 10, 
1875. A brief constitution was adopted, stating the object of the Association to 
be the perpetuation of the history of Appanoose County, and the cultivation of 
social and friendly relations among the members. All persons who had resided 
in the county twenty years were declared eligible to membership. J. F. Strat- 
ton was chosen President ; W. S. Manson, Vice President ; James S. Wake- 
field, Secretary ; W. S. Main, Dr. N. Udell, J. H. Gaugh, Daniel McDonald 
and L. Dean, Executive Committee. 

An amusing address was made by Elder J. C. Sevcy at this meeting, who 
related some of his experiences in 1850. He stated that he was a visitor at 
District Court in the fall of that year, and that the lawyers boarded with 
"Limekiln" Wright, whose good wife, being unable to' keep up with her 



396 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

boarders' voracious appetites for pumpkin, ran out to the pile in the lot and set 
a raw one on the table. 

The Elder described Judge Tannehill as a tall, lank, freckled, and green - 
appearing fellow, who would blush whenever spoken to, but added that he soon 
outgrew his bashfulness, and proceeded to pass a high eulogium upon his long 
official services and character. 

An adjourned meeting of the society was held October 6, when J. C. 
Sevey was elected President ; James Hughes, Vice President ; J. S. Wake- 
field, Secretary. Several ancient documents were handed around for inspection, 
after which the society adjourned till the first Saturday in September, 1876. 

The meeting does not appear to have been held, owing, probably, to the fierce 
political contest then raging. The organization should not be allowed to die 
out, but a meeting should be held, at least once a year, and each town in the 
county should be called upon, in its turn, to entertain the old settlers' meet- 
ings of Appanoose. 



APPANOOSE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

The first record of this society has undoubtedly lain several years in the 
vault of the County Recorder, entirely forgotten by the present officers of the 
society. The first minutes are in the back part of the book, and show that the 
preliminary meeting was held on the fourth Monday in April, 1855. A. S. 
Stone, President, and A. Harris was Secretary. It was resolved that the Town- 
ships Assessors present should inform the citizens of their respective townships 
of the formation of the society, and solicit their attendance at the adjourned 
meeting, to be held on the first Saturday in June. F. A. Stevens, W. W. Cot- 
tle, Reuben Riggs, James Galbraith and Amos Harris were chosen to prepare 
articles of incorporation, after which the meeting adjourned. 

The next meeting was held as designated. A constitution was presented 
and adopted, after which the following paid the membership fee : Elias Conger, 
William Monroe, Asa Dudley, Harvey Tannahill, James McKehan, John Wil- 
mington, Michael Caldwell, J. P. Anderson, James Wells, F. A. Stevens, D. T. 
Stevens, J. G. Brown, W. S. Henderson, Amos Harris, Hiram Summers, Solo- 
mon Walker, B. S. Packard, J. H. Parker, James Childers, James Galbraith. 

James Wells was chosen President : Asa Dudley, Vice President ; Amos 
Harris, Secretary ; Harvey Tannehill, Treasurer. The Township Committee- 
men chosen were : Center — J. Delay, H. S. Stone, G. W. Perkins ; Union 
— Dr Udell; Washington— E. Taylor; Wells— James Wells ; Caldwell— F. A. 
Stevens; Pleasant — J. H.B.Armstrong; Shoal Creek — Dr. Hall; Johns — John 
Bland ; Independence — D. Stooley ; Chariton — Mr. Macon ; Taylor — S. M. 
Andrews. 

One or two meetings were afterward held, resulting in the holding of a fair 
near Centerville, on the 5th of October. The premiums awarded were : B. 
Adamson, best boar ; H. S. Thomas, yearling heifer ; Mr. Abel, second best 
heifer ; James Wells, yearling bull ; James Galbraith, cow ; Mr. Abel, second 
best cow; Valentine Tripp, best bull-calf; Mr. Abel, second best; Valentine 
Tripp, best bull ; D. Scott, second best ; Thomas Tresser, best yoke of oxen ; 
H. S. Thomas, second best ; James Wells, best cow ; H. S. Thomas, second 
best; J. H. B. Armstrong, best mule-team; Isaac Grigsby, second best; 
George Abell, best butter ; Mr. Brazille, second best ; M. 0. Guinn, best 
boots ; Silas Jump, best colt two years old ; William Brazille, second best ; D. 



HISTORY OF APPAN(>OSE COUNTY. 397 

T. Stevens, best colt three yeai's old ; H. S. Thomas, best yearling raare-colt ; 

Gilbert McFoy, second best ; G. R. Mors, best yearling horse-colt; William , 

second best ; 0. Harrow, best horse-colt ; Simpson Cupp, second best ; George 
Abel, best mare colt; J. C. Wright, second best; H. S. Thomas, best stallion; 
Isaac Gregory, second best ; J. H. B. Armstrong, best brood-mare; James Wells, 
second best ; John Wright, buggy horse ; R. Memnon, matched team ; J. Con- 
ger, best draft-horse ; B. Burdam, second best. The total amount of awards 
was $33.50. 

The above organization would seem to have been abandoned, for no meeting 
was held till September 6, 1856, when a new society was formed, with forty 
members. The old constitution was adopted with some modifications. George 
Abel was chosen President; Joseph Delay, Vice President; J. S. Wakefield, 
Secretary ; H. Tannehill, Treasurer. The fair was appointed for the 3d of 
October. The Committee on Stock was composed of Joseph Delay, R. P. Wil- 
son, Woodford Jones ; on grain, W. H. Clark, George Abel, Thomas Holoway ; 
on poultry and domestic products, A. Dudley, B. Adams, W. S. Henderson ; 
on mechanical products, Joseph R. Morse, W. H. Brazille, J. S. Wakefield ; 
Marshal of the Day, L. Bland. There appear to have been only seventeen 
entries. Seven copies of the loiva Faryner were awarded, and seven certifi- 
cates — presumably diplomas. 

Sixty-three entries were made at the fair of 1857, among which were some 
apples by George W. Perkins, and two samples of sorghum molasses, by other 
parties. There is nothing to show who took premiums. The Treasurer reported 
in July, 1858, that he had paid premiums at this fair to the amount of $25.75. 

At the annual meeting in July, 1858, Benjamin Adamson was elected Pres 
ident; William E. Callen, Secretary; J. F. Sti-atton, Treasurer. September 
25. a new constitution was adopted, which was signed by 121 citizens. The 
fair was appointed to be held October 13, and sixteen committees were appointed. 
Ninety-six entries were made. 

March 12, 1859, the society engaged fairgrounds of Judge Dudley, near 
Centerville, and selected a committee to make arrangements for fencing the 
same. The fair for the year was fixed for tlie first Thursday in October. There 
were 229 entries this year, a gain of over double on the preceding year. 

March 3, 1860, the Committe on Grounds were continued, with instructions 
to complete the work, and to issue membership certificates in payment of labor. 
August 11, it was decided to build a floral-hall and a judges' stand. The num- 
ber of entries at the fair in the fall of this year was 225. 

January 26, 1861, a committee was appointed to ascertain what could be 
done toward buying a permanent site for fair grounds 

The officers of the twentieth annual fiiir, which was held September 4-6, 
1878, were as follows : J. B. Gedney, President ; A. R. Henderson, Vice Pres- 
ident ; F. M. Saunders, Secretary ; William Evans, Treasurer. Directors — 
Isaac Fuller, Bellair Township; D. M. Monroe, Center Township; J. K. Hoyles, 
W. T. Ogle, Centerville Incorporation ; Jacob Knapp, Chariton Township ; T. 
B. Maring, Caldwell Township; James Hamilton, Douglas Township; Isaac 
Wilson, Franklin Township ; H. K. Showalter, Independence Township ; Jacob 
Conn, Johns Township ; M. A. Houlshouser, Lincoln Township ; J. C. Mc- 
Donald, Pleasant Township ; S. P. Hays, Sharon Township ; Joseph Andrews, 
Taylor Township ; J. F. Hicks, Union Township ; J. B. Morrison, Udell 
Township; J. W. White, Washington Township; George Wolfe, Wells Town- 
ship; William Harris, Walnut Township; August Post, Moulton Incorporation. 
Superintendents of Classes — Superintendent on horses and mules, David Cole- 



398 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

man ; Superintendent on cattle, G. M. Teegarden ; Superintendent on sheep 
and hogs, William Ellis ; Superintendent on grain and vegetables, James 
Hughes ; Superintendent of Hail, D. L. Strickler ; Chief Marshal, A. R. Hen- 
derson ; Assistant Marshals, Isaac Streepy and Peter Koontz. 



PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 

This Order, designed as an educational force, and, also, as a means for pro- 
moting the material condition of the greatest industry of our great country, had 
a rapid growth in Appanoose County soon after its first inception. The Order 
arrived at its greatest strength in this county in 1874, when there were about 
fourteen chartered granges. 

When the existence of the Order became known, a pretty numerous class, 
not strictly eligible to it privileges, sought and obtained admission therein. 
These folks were of several kinds. Some had been unfortunate as farmers, and 
hailed the grange movement as a means for bolstering their credit through 
fraternal feeling, and looked forward to a day when their brethren would sign 
their notes simply because they were members of the same Order. Others had 
been suppressed candidates in the political parties with which they had acted, 
and believed they could lead the guileless farmer whithersoever they would choose. 
Others again, whose ideas were numerous enough, but lacking in practicability, 
yet really well-intentioned at heart, recognized the educational feature of the 
grange as a means for ventilating their crude and visionary schemes, and 
thereby, in their own opinion, setting the world to revolving according to a 
better system. One thing all these people possessed in common, and that was 
glibness of tongue ; while your average farmer is generally a reticent fellow, 
slow of speech, but by his solitary habits of work is enabled to solve problems- 
of society and business relations in a more satisfactory and certain way than 
the clever fellows who rushed in to instruct him with untried methods of finance, 
politics and sometimes religion. 

The silent class could not help becoming disgusted with all this clamor in 
their ears about matters that they already understood, and their self appointed 
apostles found the guileless granger quite able to comprehend their selfish ends. 
It is to the introduction of this alien and disturbing class that the Order all 
over Iowa has apparently deteriorated. In Appanoose County the subordinate 
granges now in existence do not exceed three or four, and the membership in 
these is much reduced. 

It is hoped and believed by the true friends and supporters of the Order, 
that a revival will soon come, and that a better basis will be established, whereby 
it will be enabled to take the place its founders designed, as an educating vital 
force in every community, a place where a better system of agriculture will be 
taught, where farmers' sons and daughters will be imbued with a feeling of love 
for the calling in which they have been reared, and where true communism 
shall be practiced — that love for our fellow-men which draws forth contributions 
from the prosperous to aid those who suffer from hunger, cold, or the ravages 
of pestilence. 

Brief as has been the history of the Order, there is much to commend in 
what has been accomplished. 

In the early months of 1874, when the distress-word was passed from the 
destitute settlers in the northern counties asking ior help for the hundreds who 
had lost their crops by the ravaging locusts, none gave more effectual or speedy 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 399 

help than the Patrons in this and adjoining counties. And when the cry was 
repeated from the West, in the following year, with the intensity of despair, 
car-load after car-load of grain, meat and clothing was sent to feed and clothe 
the destitute homesteaders of Nebraska and Kansas, and large sums of money. 
In these contributions, the farmers of Appanoose County were conspicuous by 
the magnitude and frequency of their donations, only seeking to help their 
brethren in distress. 

" I pray thee, then, 

Write me as one who loves his fellow-men," 

exclaimed Ben Adhem, and the farmers of Iowa, during those two winters, 
sought no other recompense than this ; but in the last day it is certain that 
their names will be enrolled among those who hold accumulated property as a 
trust for the benefit of humanity as well as for themselves. 

September 27, 1873, the members of the Order in the county had a grand 
celebration at Centerville, at which time addresses were made by Col. Early wine. 
Rev. Mr. Clark, Elder Sevey, J. A. Pierson, J. L. Hughes, and Mansel 
Hughes. 

October 25, the following Granges were reported, with their membership, 
to the Master of the County Grange : Rehoboth, 42 members ; Hickory, 29 
Concord, 20 ; Bellair, 29 ; Buncombe, 28 ; Philadelphia, 19 ; Hibbsville, 40 
Golden Rule, 66 ; Caldwell, 31; Antioch, 40; Nashville, 33 ; Washington, 31 
Iowa and Maple Grove were in existence, but had not reported. 



EDUCATIONAL. 

The first schools taught in Appanoose County were private or subscription 
schools. Their accommodations, as may be readily supposed, were not good. 
Sometimes they were taught in small log houses erected for the purpose. Stoves 
and such heating apparatus as are in use now were unknown. A mud-and-stick 
chimney in one end of the building, with earthen hearth, with a fire-place wide 
enough and deep enough to take in a four-foot back log, and smaller wood to 
match, served for warming purposes in winter and a kind of conservatory in 
summer. For windows, part of a log was cut out in either side, and may be 
a few panes of eight-by-ten glass set in, or, just as likely as not, the aperture 
would be covered over with greased paper. Writing benches were made of 
wide planks, or, may be, puncheons resting on pins or arms driven into two- 
inch auger-holes bored into the logs beneath the windows. Seats were made 
out of thick planks or puncheons ; flooring was made out of the same kind of 
stuff. Everything was rude and plain ; but many of America's greatest men 
have gone out of just such schoolhouses to grapple with the world and make a 
name for themselves, and names that came to be honor to their country. In 
other cases, private rooms and parts of private houses were utilized as school- 
houses ; but the furniture was just as plain. 

But all these things are changed now. A log schoolhouse in Iowa is a 
rarity. Their places are filled with handsome frame or brick structures. The 
rude furniture has also given way, and the old school-books, the " Popular 
Reader," "English Reader " (the finest literary compilation ever known in 
American schools), and " Webster's Elementary Spelling-Book," are superseded 
by others of greater pretensions. The old spelling-classes and spelling- 
matches have followed the old schoolhouses, until they are remembered only in 
name. 



400 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Of her school system, Iowa can justly boast. It has sent out a large 
number of representative men whose names are familiar to the nation as they 
are in the histories of the counties and neighborhoods in which they once lived. 
While the State has extended such fostering care to the interests of education, 
the several counties have been no less zealous and watchful in the management 
of this vital interest ; and Appanoose County forms no exception to the rule 
The schoolhouses and their furnishings are in full keeping with the spirit of the 
law that provides for their maintenance and support. The teachers rank high 
among the other thousands of teachers in the State, and the several County 
Superintendents, since the office of Superintendent was made a part of the 
school system, have been chosen with especial reference to their fitness for the 
position. 

The various persons who have filled the office of County Superintendent in 
this county have been J. J. Cummins, 1858 ; Rev. James Shields, 1859 ; 
Henry Hakes, 1863 ; J. K. Morey, 1865 (died early in 1864, the vacancy 
being filled by T. M. Fee) ; M. M. Walden, 1866 ; L. N. Judd, 1867 (vacancy 
filled by Matthew Berington) ; Thomas Wentworth, 1868 ; D. T. Monroe, 
1870; G. C. Goodenough, 1871; G. W. Taylor, 1873; J. W. Cary, 1875. 

Mr. Cary, the efficient Superintendent, had this to say in his report to the 
State Superintendent for 1877 : 

Our normal institutes have been a success. Attendance large. The attendance thereon 
should be compulsory. Re-examinations should be indiscriminately enforced. We have many 
hard-working and worthy teachers. A large number attend school part of the year. Of the one 
hundred and forty-four enrolled at our county normal, forty attended, not as teachers, but as 
students seeking superior drill. Five small schoolhouses built within the two years ; four on 
improved plans; all too small. A fine two-story schoolhouse — three rooms — two commodious 
entrance-rooms or wardrobes ; one may be used as a recitation-room, if needed ; cost, $3,000 ; 
built at Cincinnati. Several townships have put a price on the different grades of certificates. 
The holding intact the teachers' fund is not understood, nor is the dividing of it done in accord- 
ance with the law. The school year should begin September 15. The six months required by 
law can then be put in and closed with annual report. Have tried to secure a uniformity in 
methods of teaching. Teachers' associations are popular. The District Secretaries have been 
prompt with their reports. The Treasurers have given trouble, delaying reports, and in the 
incorrectness of them. The Treasurer's office should be disposed of; the County Treasurer is 
sutficient. The majority of the independent districts, formed from subdistricts, have been a 
great source of ti-ouble. A consolidation should take place at once. I have had trouble to keep 
officers to do the business; could not get a subdirector in some places. Our director plan needs 
remodeling. Fewer school officers would be a blessing. The Moulton Normal and High School 
— a part of the public school — is a success, and a power for good in the county. Many teachers 
are spending spare weeks at this school. 

The success of county supervision demands some good standard of qualification for the office, 
and a different method of election. 

The following statistical information is obtained from the same source : 

1876. 1877. 

Number of district townships IS 13 

Number of independent districts 29 29 

Number of subdistricts.., 92 93 

Number of ungraded schools 119 117 

Number of graded schools 2 5 

Average duration of school, months 6.50 6.21 

Number of male teachers 92 98 

Number of female teachers 117 111 

Average compensation per month to male teachers $36 00 $32 03 

Average compensation per month, to female teachers 26 55 29 89 

Number of male pupils between 5 and 21 years of age 3,745 3,731 

Number of female pupils between 5 and 21 years of age 3,444 3,358 

Number of pupils enrolled 5,930 5,660 

Total average attendance 1,616 3.332 

Average cost of tuition per month per scholar $3 08 Jl 33 

Number of frame schoolhouses 108 115 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 401 

187G. 1877. 

Number of brick schoolhouses 3 3 

Number of stone schoolhouses 2 

Number of log schoolhouses 2 2 

Value of schoolhouses $7ti,478$82,595 

Value of apparatus 1,088 1,568 

SCHOOLHOtJSE FOND. 

On hand at last report $ 2,224 32 

Received from district tax 7,565 54 

Received from other sources 1,309 09 

Total debits 11,098 95 

Paid for schoolhouses and school sites 5,705 87 

Paid for libraries and apparatus 

Paid on bonds and interest 4,058 40 

On hand 1,334 68 

Total credit 11,098 95 

CONTINGENT FUND, 1877. 

On hand at last report $ 2,452 15 

Received from district tax 6,552 14 

Received from other sources 406 87 

Total debit 9,411 16 

Paid for rent of schoolhouses 218 26 

Paid for repairing schoolhouses 2,367 16 

Paid for fuel 1,869 21 

Paid secretaries 410 85 

Paid treasurers 310 41 

Paid for records, dictionaries and apparatus 165 26 

Paid for other purposes 831 68 

On hand 3,238 83 

Total credit 9,411 16 

teacher's fund, 1877. 

On hand at last report I 8,556 49 

Received from district tax 20,523 88 

Received from semi-annual apportionment 8,565 21 

Received from other sources 75 77 

Total debit 87,721 85 

Paid teachers since last report 27,533 68 

On hand 10,187 67 

Total credit 37,721 85 



LIST OF COUNTY OFFICERS. 

Commissioners. — 1846 — Reuben Riggs, George W. Perkins, J. B. Pack- 
ard ; 1847 — Jesse Wood, Ephraim Sears, George W. Perkins ; 1848 — same ; 
1849 — George W. Perkins, Jesse Wood, Albird Thompson ; 1850 — George W. 
Perkins, Henry Callen, Jesse Wood. 

Qounty Judge. — 1851 — Reuben Riggs; 1854 — Amos Harris ; 1855 — H. 
Tannehill ; 1857 — James Galbraith (continued as Judge of Probate in 1862) ; 
1866— S. M. Moore. 

Commissioners' Clerk. — 1846 — J. F. Stratton ; 1847 — Reuben Riggs ; 
1848— J. J. Jackson ; 1849— J. F. Stratton. 

Assessor. — 1846 — Jonathan Scott. 

Surve7/or.—1^46—J. F. Stratton; 1862— E. D. Skinner; 1868— J. J. 
Wall; 1876— A.N. Minor; 1878— Cyrus Kerr. 

Drainage Commissioner. — 1857 — W. S. Henderson. 

Clerk District Court.—184i5—J. F. Stratton ; 1847— William S. Manson ; 
1854— John L. Armstrong ; 1856— J. F. Stratton ; 1861— David C Camp- 
bell ; 1867— K. P. Morrison ; 1871— Walter S. Johnson ; 1877— Noah M. 
Scott. 



402 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Treasurer. — 1846 — Jesse Wood ; 1847 — Thomas G. Manson ; 1849— Da- 
vid Glass ; 1851— Nelson W. Gibbs ; 1853— John Overstreet ; 1855— A. J. 
Morrison ; 1856— James Hughes ; 1866— G. S. Stansberry ; 1868— C W. 
Bowen; 1872— William Evans; 1874— George W. Teegarden ; 1876— Will- 
iam Evans. 

Sheriff. — 1846 — Jackson Perjue ; 1851 — George W. Swearingen ; 1855 — 
James Ewing ; 1858 — William Ferren ; 1860 — John Banks ; 1866 — Henry 
H. Wright ; 1876— B. F. Silknetter ; 1878— R. B. Carson. 

Prosecuting Attorney. — 1847 — Reuben Riggs ; 1848 — Henry Allen; 
1852— H. Tannehill ; 1855— Asa Dudley. 

Judge of Probate. — 1846 — Benjamin Spooner ; 1847 — S. F. Wadlington ; 
1849 — James Wells ; 1850 — Albird Thompson ; 1851 — Reuben Riggs (ex offi- 
cio) ; 1854 — Amos Harris ; 1855 — H. Tannehill ; 1857 — James Galbraith ; 
1866 — S. M. Moore. In 1870, the office was merged into that of Auditor, 
and the Probate business was transferred to the newly-created Circuit Court. 

Board of Supervisors. — 1861 — Joseph McGowen, James B. Beale, Will- 
iam McDaniel, E. D. Skinner, E. Glass, H. S. Rogers, Henry Morlan, James 
S. Wakefield, Edward J. Gault, Robert P. Wilson, William B. Packard, Joseph 
Armstrong, C. B. Miller (Chairman), E. F. Horton, James May, L. C. Dud- 
ley ; 1862— William McDaniel, Joseph McGowen, E. D. Skinner, H. S. Rog- 
ers, Robert P. Wilson, L. C. Dudley, T. J. Dillon, William Swiney, Joseph 
Armstrong, James S. Wakefield (Chairman), William B. Packard, James Huff- 
man, T. J. Rogers, John N. Dunbar, George W. Wise, J. K. Boyles, David 
Groom; 1863 — James S. Wakefield (Chairman), John N. Dunbar, J. K. 
Boyles, David Groom, James Huffman, William B. Packard, T. J. Rogers, 
George W. Wise, George Gollaher, Robert Kester, J. R. P. Garrison, Reuben 
Denney, A. E. Carson, Joseph McGowen, R. P. Wilson, Govy Wade, L. C. 
Dudley ; 1864— L. C Dudley (Chairman), Joseph McGowen, J. R. P. Garri- 
son, Reuben Denney, Govy Wade, R. P. Wilson, Jesse M. Ellis, John Hud- 
son, Phineas Porter, I. A. Brannon, L. M. Andrews, John Lynch, James Huff- 
man, John N. Dunbar, James May; 1865 — James May (Chairman), J. M. Ellis, 
Henry Kearsey, John Hudson, Phineas Porter, I. A. Brannon, L. M. Andrews, 
John Lynch, James Huffman, James May, John N. Dunbar, Nathan R. Early wine, 
William McDaniel, D. F. Stevens, E. 0. Smith, Joseph Bland, John V. Creswell, 
W. T. Wade; 1866— T. M. Fee (Chairman), Joseph Bland, I. A. Brannon, John 
V. Cresswell, J. N. Dunbar, William Dougherty, J. M. Hoffman, Henry Kear- 
sey, Noah Lantz, W. A. McDaniel, A. C. Reynolds, D. T. Stevens, E. 0. 
Smith, W. T. Wade, J. S. Wakefield, George Wolf, G. W. Wyckoff ; 1867— 
G. W. Wyckoff (Chairman), I. A. Brannon, E. J. Brown, William Crow, John 
V. Cresswell, William Dougherty, J. N. Dunbar, Robert Goldsberry, Horatio 
White, Caleb Wentworth, James Hutchinson, Noah Lantz, Joseph Morris, A. 

C. Reynolds, E. 0. Smith, James S. Wakefield, George Wolf; 1868— G. W. 
Wyckoff (Chairman), E. J. Brown, J. V. Cresswell. John N. Dunbar, James 
Hutchinson, Noah Lantz, Joseph Morris, E. 0. Smith, Caleb Wentworth, 
I. A. Brannon, Horatio White, George Wolf, L. M. Andrews, J. A. Pierson, 

D. W. Hardman, F. H. Shenkwiler; 1869— E. J. Brown (Chairman), Caleb 
Wentworth, Noah Lantz, G. W. Boston, William Evans, Alfred Hiatt, E. 0. 
Smith, R. E. Davidson, J. A. Pierson, G. W. Jackson, G. W. Wyckoff, I. A. 
Brannon, S. M. Andrews, James Hicks, D. W. Hardman, George Wolf; 1870 — 

E. J. Brown (Chairman), G. W. Boston, J. N. Dunbar, R. E. Davison, Will- 
iam Evans, Alfred Hiatt, J. F. Hicks, D. W. Hardman, John Hudson, M. A. 
Holshouser, Noah Lantz, E. 0. Smith, G. S. Stansberry, J. M. True, G. W. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 403 

Taylor, C. Wentworth ; 1871 — G. M. Teegarden (Chairman), J. B. Gedney, 
J. G. West; 1872— J. W. Moore, J. B. Gedney, G. M. Teegarden (Chair- 
man); 1873— J. W. Moore (Chairman), J. B. Gedney, G. M. Teegarden; 
1874— J. W. Moore (Chairman), J. B. Gedney, R. K. Johnson; 1875— J. B. 
Gedney (Chairman), R. K. Johnson, W. S. Llewellyn; 1876 — J. B. Gedney 
(Chairman), R. K. Johnson, W. S. Llewellyn; 1877— Claudius B. Miller 
(Chairman), VV. S. Llewellyn, R. K. Johnson; 1878— G. B. Miller (Chair- 
man), W. S. Llewellyn, J. L. Earnest. 

Recorder. — (The office of Recorder was separated from that of Treasurer 
in 1865.) 1865— S. M. Moore; 1869— E. C. Haynes ; 1873— J. B. Wright; 
1877 — Thomas H. Morris. 

Auditor. — (In 1869, the office of Clerk of the Board of Supervisors was 
abolished, and the office of Auditor created in its stead.) In 1870, B. A. Ogle 
became Auditor; 1874 — John B. Maring, 

County Superintendent. — J. J. Cummins, 1858 ; Rev. James Shields, 1859 ; 
Henry Hakes, 1863; J. K. Morey, 1865 (died before qualifying, and vacancy 
filled by T. M. Fee; M. M. Walden, 1866; L. N. Judd, 1867 (vacancy filled 
by Matthew Berrington); Thomas Wentworth, 1868; D. T. Monroe, 1870; 
G. C. Goodenough, 1871; G. W. Taylor, 1873; J. W. Gary, 1875. 



WAR HISTORY. 

If there is any one thing more than another of which the people of the 
Northern States have reason to be proud, it is of the record they made during 
the dark and bloody days when red-handed rebellion raistd its hideous head 
and threatened the life of the nation. When the war was forced upon the 
country, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of their ways, doing 
whatever their hands found to do — working the mines, making farms or culti- 
vating those already made, erecting homes, founding cities and towns, building 
shops and manufactories — in short, the country was alive with industry and 
hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from the depression and 
losses incident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and 
promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the Free 
States were buoyant with hope, looking forward to the perfecting of new plans 
for the insurement of comfort and competence in their declining years ; they 
little heeded the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children in the Slave 
States of the South. True sons and descendants of the heroes of the "times 
that tried men's souls " — the struggle for American Independence — they never 
dreamed that there was even one so base as to dare attempt the destruction of 
the Union of their fathers — a government baptized with the best blood the 
world ever knew. While immediately surrounded with peace and tranquillity, 
they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived 
and grew rich from the sweat" and toil, blood and flesh, of others — aye, even 
trafficking in the offspring of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came, 
with all its attendant horrors. 

April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charleston, South Carolina, Maj. Ander- 
son, U. S. A., Commandant, was fired on by rebels in arms. Although basest 
treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as the 
mere bravado of a few hot-heads — the act of a few fire-eaters whose sectional 
bias anl hatred were crazed by the excessive indulgence in intoxicating pota- 
tions. When, a day later, the news was borne along the telegraph wires that 



404 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Maj. Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had first been regarded as 
a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North were startled from their 
dreams of the future, from undertakings half-completed, and made to realize 
that behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well-organized purpose to de- 
stroy the government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a 
slave oligarchy, wherein no one would dare to question their right to hold in 
bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, per- 
chance, through practices of lustful natures, were half or quarter removed from 
the color that God, for his own purposes, had given them. But they " reck- 
oned without their host." Their dreams of the future, their plans for the es- 
lishment of an independent confederacy, were doomed from their inception to 
sad and bitter disappointment. 

Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln — Amer- 
ica's martyr President — who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the oath 
of office as the nation's Chief Executive, issued a proclamation calling for 
75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word had scarcely been taken 
from the electric wires before the call was filled. Men and money were 
counted out by hundreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole 
government could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pul- 
sated through every heart. The farm the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the 
bar, the bench, the college, the schoolhouse, every calling offered its best men, 
their lives and fortunes, in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Party 
lines were for the time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in moments of political 
heat, were forgotten and forgiven ; and, joining hands in a common cause, they 
repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman : ""By the Great Eternal, 
the Union must and shall be preserved I " 

Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor 
were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it 
began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to 
crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to 
every call, either for men or money, there was a willing and ready response. 

And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there 
were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered 
themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, 
motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons 
of Appanoose County made a conspicuous and praiseworthy record. Of the offer- 
ings made by these people during the great and final struggle between freedom 
and slavery, it is the purpose now to write. 

April 14, A. D. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, 
issued the following : 

PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas, The laws of the United States have been and now are violently opposed in several 
States, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary way ; I therefore call for 
the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 7;'>,000, to suppress 
said combinations and execute tlie laws. I appeal to all loyal citizens to facilitate and aid in 
this effort to maintain the laws and integrity of the perpetuity of the popular government, and 
redress wrongs long enough endured. The first service assigned to the forces, probably, will be 
to repossess the forts, places and property which have been seized from the Union. Let the 
utmost care betaken, consistent with the object, to avoid devastation, destruction or interference 
with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the country ; and I hereby command per- 
sons composing the aforesaid combination to disperse within twenty days from date. 

I hereby convene both Houses of Congress for the 4th day of July next, to determine upon 
measures for public safety which the interest of the subject demand. 

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 

Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of State. President of the United States. 



H [STORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 405 

The gauntlet thrown down by the traitors of the South was accepted — not, 
however, in the spirit with which insolence meets insolence — but with a firm, 
determined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the President 
was plain, under the Constitution and the laws, and above and beyond all, the 
people, from whom political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the 
rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representatives and 
exexutive officers. 

It is impossible to render full justice to the patriotism and spirit of the 
people of Appanoose County in the early days of America's gigantic and 
bloody struggle against rebellion, and the liberal contributions to maintain the 
integrity of this glorious Union. It is a proud record, for from their midst 
went out gallant officers and brave soldiers to aid in the grand struggle for the 
maintenance and perpetuity of a republican form of government. 

A union of lakes, a union of lands — 

A union that none can sever ; 
A union of hearts, a union of hands, 

The American Union forever. 

Never before in the world's history was witnessed such an uprising of the 
masses, such unanimity of sentiment, such willingness to sacrifice life and 
money on the altar of patriotism. 

When the first companies were being raised, measures Avere inaugurated and 
carried out to raise money by subscription for the support of the families of the 
volunteers. But there were so many calls for men, and the number and needs 
of these families whose providers had gone to defend the life of the nation, that 
it became an impossibility for private purses, however willing their holders, to 
supply all the demand, and the county authorities made frequent and liberal 
appropriations from the public treasury for that purpose. Private liberality 
still continued. This money was raised in the midst of the excitement of war, 
when the exigencies of the times demanded it, and the generous people never 
thought to inquire how much was given. Aside from the sums appropriated by 
county authority, no account Avas ever kept. Had there been, the sum would 
now seem almost fabulous. 

OFFICIAL ACTION. 

At the session of the Board of Supervisors in September, 1862, the follow- 
ing resolution was passed, apparently without a dissenting vote : 

Be it resolved by the Board of Supervisors of Appanoose County, Iowa, That the Township 
Trustees of said county be authorized and required to report to the Supervisor of their proper 
townsliip, the families of those who ai-e in the United States service, and who, in the opinion of 
said Trustees, are in such comlition or like so to be as to need support or assistance from the county, 
either in sustenance or clothing, provided always that such families claiming such support or 
assistance, shall report themselves to the Trustees of the proper townships before the second 
Tuesday in October, A. D. 18G2. 

This was the only action taken by the Board in regard to the pecuniary 
assistance to the families of the brave fellows at the front ; but, as will be seen 
by its terms, the resolution was ample for all purposes. Every session of the 
Board up till 1868, three years after the war had closed, a considerable space 
of the proceedings is taken up with the reports of the Supervisors, giving the 
amount of aid extended by each, which, in the aggregate, must have amounted 
to thousands of dollars. Nor, during the seven years in which aid was afforded, 
was there a member of the Board who so much as hinted that that body was too 
lavish with the county's funds. Each member was left to be the sole judge as 
to the amount needed in his own township, and had another member criticised 
his action, the fault-finder would have been promptly silenced. So the purse- 



406 



HliSTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



Strings of the county were never tightened so long as a soldier's family needed 
clothing, food or fuel. No buncombe resolutions were passed, but the patriot- 
ism. of the Board was of that practical character that cheered the soldier's heart, 
whether in the grand charge that led to victory or surrounded by the horrors of 
a Southern prison-pen. 

However, toward the close of the war a sort of pension fund was created for 
the benefit of those who had become disabled in the service and could not make 
a valid claim against the Government, and also for the assistance of indigent 
orphans. A large part of this was not needed, and was finally transferred to 
the general fund. 

It would require a larger volume than this to recount all that was done at 
home and in the field by the patriotic citizens of Appanoose during the war. 
As long as the war continued, money was ready, men were ready. Men of 
wealth furnished the former, and the less affluent filled the ranks — furnished 
the brawn, the muscle, the bravery, the sinews of war. Oftentimes the former 
furnished not only their share of money, but shouldered their muskets and fol- 
lowed the starry flag as well. 

And of the volunteer soldiery what can fittingly be said ? What vivid 
words can the pen employ that will do justice to their heroic valor, to their 
unequaled and unparalleled bravery and endurance ? Home and home com- 
forts, wives and little ones, fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, were all given up 
for life and danger on the fields of battle — for exposure, fatigue, disease and 
death, at the point of the bayonet or at the cannon's mouth. Little they recked 
for all these, but bravely and boldly went out, with their lives in their hands, to 
meet and conquer the foes of the Union, maintain its supremacy and vindicate 
its honor and integrity. No more fitting tribute to their patriotic valor can be 
offered than a full and complete record, so far as it is possible to make it, em- 
bracing the names, the terms of enlistment, the battles in which they were 
engaged, and all the rainutite of their military lives. It will be a wreath of 
glory encircling every brow — a precious memento which each and every one 
of them earned — gloriously earned — in defense of their and our common 
country. 

VOLUNTEER ROSTER. 

TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM ADJUTANT GENERAL'S REPORTS. 



.A. B B E2, E: -^ 

Adjt Adjutant 

Art Artillery 

Bat Battle or Battalion 

Col Colonel 

Capt Captain 

Corp Corporal 

Comsy Commissary 

com commissioned 

cav cavalry 

captd captured 

desrtd deserted 

disab disabled 

disd discharged 

e enlisted 

excd exchanged 

inf infantry 

inv invalid 

SIXTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Loui-iville, July 
31, 1S65.] 

Q. M. Orrin P. Stafford, com. Dec. 30, 

1864, prmtd. q. m. sergt. 
Musician John H. Glenn, e. Oct. 15, 1861, 

died Jan. U, 1862. 



I .A. T I O OiT S. 

I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

kid killed 

Lieut Lieutenant 

Maj Major 

m. o mustered out 

prmtd promoted 

prisr prisoner 

Regt Regiment 

re-e re-enlisted 

res resigned 

Sergt Sergeant 

trans transferred 

vet.. veteran 

V. R. C Veteran Reserve Corps 

wd wounded 

hon. disd honorably discharged 



Company A. 

Blakesley, Alex., e. Feb. 19, 1862, died at 

Memphis, Tenn. 
Inman, Tim., e. March 24, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps Nov. 20, 1863. 
Kellogg, Wm., e. March 11, 1862. 
Kellogg, I., e. March 24, '62, died Aug. 16, '62 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



407 



Kelloprcr, David, e. March 3, 1863, died 

Jul J' ^6, 1862. 
Lepper, Alfred, e. Feb. 15, 1862. 
Poyiier, J. L., e. March 3, 1862. 

Company D. 

Capt. M. M. Walden, com. May 16, 1861, 

resd. Dec. 10, 1862. 
Capt. John L. Bashore, com. 1st lieut. 

May 16, 1861, prmtd. capt. Dec. 11, 1863, 

resd. March 5, 1864. 
Capt. Thomas J. Elrick, e. as sergt. June 

25, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. July 2, 1862, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. prmtd. 

capt. March 6, 1864, kid. at Atlanta. 
Capt. Wm. H. Alexander, e. as corp. June 

25, 1861, prmtd. capt. July 35, 1864. 
First Lieut. Eugene C. Haynes, prmtd. 

1st lieut. July 25, 1864, wd. Au-. 22, 

1864. 
Second Lieut. Wm. A. E. Khodes, com. 

May 16, 1861, res. June 1, 1862. 
Second Lieut. Cyrus P. Wright, promoted 

2d lieut. January 1, 1863, died near 

Resaca. 
Second Lieut. Henrv H. Wright, e. as 

Corp. June 25, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. 

Jan. 1, 1865, m. o. as 1st sergt. 
First Sergt. G. N. Udell, e. June 25, 1861, 

wd. at Shiloh. 
Sergt. Jos. T. Place, e. June 25, 1861, disd. 

Feb. 16, 1863. 
Sergt. Thomas Foster, e. June 25, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at Dallas, Ga. 
Corp. O. P. Stafford, e. June 25, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, prmtd. Q. M. sergt. 
Corp. James H. Ogle, e. June 25, 1861, 

died Feb. 20, 1863, at Tipton, Mo. 
Corp. James M. Pierce, e. June 25, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. at Missionary 

Ridge. 
Corp. Henrv H. Wright, e. June 25, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. Jos. K. Morey, e. June 35, 1861, wd. 

at Shiloh, disd. for promotion to 1st 

lieut. in 18th Inf. 
Corp. Alex. Marring, e. June 25, 1861, wd. 

at Missionary Ridge. 
Corp. David Gladfellow, e. June 25, 1861, 

kid. Nov. 25, 1863. 
Corp. John B. Armstrong, e. June 25, '61, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. June 27, 1864. 
Corp. Jesse Bryan, e. June 25, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 39, 1863. disab. 
Corp. James M. Hutchinson, e. June 35, 

1861, vet. Jan. 1. 1864, wd. at Macon.Ga. 
Corp. Westenliaver Marcel, e. June 35, 

1861, wd.at Shiloh, vet. Jan. 1,1864, wd. 

July 38, 1864. 
Corp. F. B. Hunnell,e. June 25, 1861, died 

of wds. Aug. 6, 1863. 
Musician Charles F. Stratton, e. June 25, 

1861, wd. at Shiloli, kid. at Benton- 

ville, N. C. 
Musician J. B. Somers, e. June 25, 1861, 

disd. Sept. 5, 1863, wds. 
Wagoner William Ogle, e. June 35, 1861, 

disd. Jan. 39, 1863, disab. 



Ashley, Elon, e. June 35, 1861. wd. at Mis- 
sionary Ridge. 

Adams, G. W., e. Feb. 38, 1863. 

Atkinson, O. P., e. June 35, 1861, kid bat- 
tle Shiloh. 

Adams, J. W., e. Oct. 13, 1861, vet. Jan. 
1, 1864. 

Allen, F. M., e. June 35, 1881, vet. Jan. 1, 
1864, disd. Sept. 30, 1864, disab. 

Aylward, N. J., e. June 35, 1861, disd. Jan. 
6, 1862. 

Beamer, Z., e. Oct. 7, 1861, wd. at Shiloh. 

BraiUey, B. F., e. June 25, 1861, disd. Sept. 
31, 1862. 

Brown, J. B., e. April 13, 1864, wd. at Ma- 
con, Ga., kid. at J^a Hunt Depot. 

Black, George, e. June 35, 1861, vet. Jan. 
1, 1864, kid. at Dallas, Ga 

Bryan, J. W.,e. June 25, 1861, trans. Nov. 
1, 1861, to 5th Kansas Regt. 

Brannon, J..e\vis, e. June 25, 1861. 

Beamer, Reuben, e. June 25, 1861, wd. at 
Missionary Ridge. 

Cleaveland, E. A., e. Oct. 15, 1861. 

Clark, J. W.,e. June 25, '61, disd. Oct. 4, '61. 

Conger, Wm., e. Oct. 7, 1861, died at Pitts- 
burg Landing. 

Conger. John. e. June 25, 1861, disd. Julv 

7. 1863, disab. 

Crow, Wm., e. March 35, 1864, wd. at Ken- 

esaw Mountain. 
Cox, Jacob, e. June 35, 1861, wd. at Kene- 

saw Mountain. 
Crow, Samuel, e. June 35, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Callen, A. H., e. June 35, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864, kid. at Resaca. 
Devore, B. T., e. April 38, 1864. 
Devore, E. D., e. June 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864, prmtd. corp. 
Ellis, Joseph, e. March 26, 1864, wd. at 

Macon, Ga. 
Ervin, N. S., e. Feb. 24, 1862. 
Flock, George, e. June 25, 1861. 
Frost, H., e. June 25, 1861, disd. March 

6, 1863. 
Gelan, Nicholas, e. June 25, 1861. 
Griffith, G. B., e. June 25, 1861, disd. Jan. 

17, 1862, disab. 
Green, O. S., e. March 29, 1864, wd. at 

Kenesaw Mountain. 
Hobert, H. W., e. June 25, 1861, disd. Jan. 

6, 1862, disab. 
Hughes, W. M., e. Oct. 13, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1. 1864, kid. at Atlanta. 

Hallock, Uri, e. June 35, 1861, captd. at 

Shiloh, wd. at Missionary Ridge. 
Gale, A. F., e. March 30, 1864, kid. at 

Atlanta. 
Henderson, A. C, e. April 9, 1864. 
Huhler, John, e. June 35, 1861, vet. Jan.l, 

1864, kid. at Big Shanty. 
Harn, S. D., e. June 35, 1861, wd. at 

sionary Ridge. 
Ireland, J. B., e. June 35. 1861, died Oct. 

29, 1861. 
James, Simeon, e. June 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. wd. at Griswoldville, Ga. 



408 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



Johnson, W. S., e. June 25, 1861, disd. Jan. 

6, 1862, disab. 
James, Z., e. March 1, 1862. 
Jones, J. A., e. June 25, 1861. 
Kuhns, Peter, e. Oct. 19, 1861, wd. at 

iShiloh, disd. Sept. 27, 1862. 
Lane, Edward, e. June 35, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1. 1864. 
Legrand, J. W., e. March 30, 1864. 
Larkin, T. S., e. June 25, 1861. vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Larkin, J. A., e. June 25, 1861, disd. Feb. 

15, 1862, disab. 
Mitchell, Andrew, e. March 30, 1864, died 

Aug. 14, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn. 
McCord, Joseph, e. June 25, 1861, trans, to 

5th Kan. Nov. 1, 1861. 
McClain, Michael, June 25, 1861. disd. 

Jan. 6, 1862, disab. 
McGee, D. W., e. June 25, 1861, kid. at 

Shiloh. 
McKeehan, D. S., e. April 7, 1864, wd. at 

Macon, Ga., disd. June 14, 1865. 
Martin, William, e. June 25, 1861, wd. at 

Missionary Ridge, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, 

prmtd. Corp. 
Morris, T. H., e. June 25, 1861, wd. at 

Shiloh. 
Main, Charles, e. June 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 

4, 1864. 
Nelson, Isaac, e. June 25, 1861, died Jan. 

13, 1862. 

Payton, J. F., e. March 1, 1862, wd. at 

Missionary Ridge. 
Payton, John, e. Feb. 14, '62, vet. Jan. 1, '64. 
Pyles, J. J., e. June 25, 1861, disd. Dec. 24, 

1861, disab. 
Pavton, William, e. Feb. 17, 1862, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Parker, Silas, e. June 25, 1861, disd. Aug. 

14, 1862, disab. 

Reynolds, J. F., e. Oct. 7, 1861, died May 

14, 1862. 
Rice. J. J., e. June 25, 1861. 
Reed, Matthias, e. June 25, 1861. 
Riley, James, e. June 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, prmtd. corp. 
Stephens, Charles, e. Feb. 22. 1862, died of 

wds. received from guerrillas in Ark. 
Sumner, Samuel, e. June 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. kid. at Atlanta. 
Sumner. Thomas, e. June 25, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 17, 1862, disab. 
Stratton, C F., e. June 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 

I, 1864. 

Stratton, Edward, e. June 25, 1861, disd. 

Aug. 22, 1861, disab. 
Swift, M. J., e. June 25, 1861. 
Swift, Aimer, e. June 25, 1861. 
Sharp, F. M., e. June 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, wd. at Kenesaw Mountain. 
Stanton, S. B., e. June 25, 1861, disd. Oct. 

II, 1862, disab. 

Trusell, G. W., e. June 25, 1861, died Oct. 

29. 1861. 
Veach, F. M., e. June 25, 1861. 
Wiiitesett. A. E., e. June 25, 1861, disd. 

Oct. 4, 1861, disab. 



Ware, W. F., e. Oct. 9, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, prmtd. corp. 
Ware, M. L., e. June 25, 1861, disd. May 

15, 1862, disab. 
Ware, T. V., e. Feb. 17, 1862, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, wd. at Macon, Ga. 
Wentworth, G. L., e. June 25, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Wailes, G. W., e. June 25, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Wailes, Lloyd, e. June 25, 1861, wd. at 

Missionary Ridge. 
Young, J. W., e. June 25, 1861, died at 

Pittsburg Landing. 
Young, G. W., e. June 25, 1861, disd. Feb. 

20, 1862, disab. 

Zimmer, Daniel, e. June 25, 1861, disd. 

Oct. 12, 1861. 
Zimmer, J. M., e. March 1, 1862, captd. at 

Shiloh, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company E. 

Burris, John A., e. July 1, 1861, died Nov. 

17, 1861. 
Kemper, M. W., e. July 1, 1861, wd. at 

Kenesaw Mountain, died at Keokuk. 

Company C. 

Delap, Wm., e. July 8, 1861, kid. at Shiloh. 

Frost, Wm., July 8, 1861. 

Hubler, John, July 8, 1861, kid. at Big 

Shanty. 
Hagner, E. C, e. July 8, 1861. 
Stitt, Wm. R., e. July 8, 1861, disd. Jan. 17, 

1862, disab. 

Sommers, J. B., e. July 8, 1861, wd., disd. 

Sept. 29, 1862. 
Turk, Warren, e. July 8, 1861. 
Truscott, Wm., e. July 8, 1861, died Dec. 

15, 1861. 
Waters, Amos O., e. July 8, 1861, died 

April 18, 1862. 

Company H. 

Mosher, M. G., e. Nov. 8, 1861, disd. Jan. 

21, 1862, disab. 

SEVENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This Regiment was mustered out at Louitville, 
Ky., July 26, 1865.} 

Maj. John F. Walden, com. capt. Co. F 
April 10, 1862, disab. by being thrown 
from horse at Champion Hills, prmtd. 
maj. June 3, 1863, add'l paymaster U. 
S. Y. March 18, 1864. 

Surg. Nathan Udell, com. April 8, 1862, 
and Aug. 1, 1862, commission revoked. 

Company F. 

Capt. Evan E. Swearengin, e. as sergt. 
March 4, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 3, 

1863, prmtd. 1st lieut. June 3, 1863, 
captd. at Tilton, Ga., prmtd. capt. June 
17, 1865. 

First Lieut. Robt. S. Morris, com. 2d 
lieut. April 10, 1862, wd. at Corinth, 
prmtd. 1st lieut. (not commissioned), 
resd. April 18, 1863. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



409 



First Lieut. Joshua K. Arthur, e. as corp. 

March 4, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. June 17, 

1865, m. 0. as liospital steward. 
Sergt. E. F. Martin, e. March 3, 1862, wd. 

March 23, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Sergt. Jos. Gray, e. March 8, 1862, disd. 

Oct. 25, 1862. 
Sergt. D. H. Peach, e. Marcli 8, 1862, 

captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Sergt. Archibald Hamilton, e. March 8, 

1862, disd. Oct. 3, 1862,disab. 
Sergt. Geo. Griffith, e. March 8, 1862, wd. 

at Missionary Kidge, vet. March 19, '64, 

captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Corp. James C. Brannon, e. March 3, 1862, 

disd. Dec. 2, 1862. 
Corp. Ewd. T. Stratton, e. March 4, 1862, 

disd. Jan. 29, 1863, disab. 
Corp. Sanford A. Stanton, e. March 25, 

1862, wd. at Jackson, Miss., vet. March 

29, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Corp. D. McGinniss, e. March 13, 1862, 

disd. June 8, 1864. 
Corp. H. Cochrane, e. March 4, 1862, vet. 

March 23, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Corp. N. Michael, e. March 4, 1862. captd. 

at Tilton, Ga. 
Corp. M. J. Richardson, e. March 8, 1862, 

wd. at luka, vet. March 29, 1864, captd. 

at Tilton, Ga. 
Corp. H. C. Webster, e. March 8, 1862, 

died Sept. 8, 1862. 
Musician H. M. Williams, e. April 2, 1862, 

died at Yicksburg. 
Bessey, Geo. A., e. March 10, 1862, vet. 

March 12. 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Arthur, J. R., vet. March 24, 1864. 
Bramhall, I. N., e. March 15, 1862, vet. 

March 26, 1864, prmtd. corp. 
Barnthouse, O. A., e. March 14, 1864, disd. 

Jan. 18, 1863, disab. 
Brower. C. J., e. April 2, 1862, disd. Dec. 

18, 1862. 
Browning, John W., e. March 8, 1862, de- 
serted May 10, 1862. 
Cochrane, Jas. H., e. March 4, 1862, captd. 

at Tilton. Ga. 
Cline, Wm. J., e. March 8, 1862, wd. at 

luka, vet. March 23, 1864, captd. ;it Til- 
ton. Ga. 
Carr, Wm. H., e. March 15, 1862, vet. 

March 25, 1864 captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Chessman, C. A., e. March 4, 1862, disd. 

Dec. 8, 1862. 
Duncan, Alex., e. March 8, 1862, vet. 

March 23, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Elgin, Beiij., e. March 4, 1861, disd. Sept. 

27, 1862. 
Holman. Jos. W., e. March 10, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 3, 1863. 
Haney, Thos., e. April 2, 1862, captd. at 

Moscow, Miss. 
J.inton, Henry, e. March 10, 1862. 
McClure, Jas., e. March 26, 1862, disd. 

Aug. 9, 1862. 
Morris, Z.. e. March 10, '62, disd. Nov. 10,'62. 
McClark, David, e. March, 3, 1862, kid. at 

Jackson, Miss. 



Osborn, Alfred, e. March 8, 1862, vet 

March 18, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Pierce, M., e. March 18, '62. died Keokuk. 
Reed, Jas., e. March 2, 1862, disd. Dec. 

18, 1862. 
Sw^earingen, John W., e. March 4, 1862, 

vet. March 29, 1864, prmtd. corp. 
Taylor, Hampton, e. March 10, 1862, wd. 

at Champion Hills, vet March 29, 1864. 
Thomas, J. A. J., e. March 3, 1862, disd. 

Nov. 5, 1862. 
Wentworth, F. H., e. March 4, 1862, wd. 

at Jackson, Miss., captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Waples, Wm., e. March 8, 1862, vet. March 

26, 1864, captd. at Tilton, Ga. 
Ward, W. N., e. March 8, 1862, disd. Nov. 

26, 1862. 
Williamson, P. C, e. March 8, 1862, disd 

Oct. 26. 1862. 
Young, Henry, e. March 8, 1862, died May 

15, 1862. 
Zimmer, D. M., e. March 4, 1862, disd. 

July 25, 1863, disab. 

Company C. 

Stout, Jackson, e. April 7, 1862, kid. July 

28, 1864. 

Company H. 
Corp. David Monroe, e. March 3, 1862, wd. 

at Vicksburg and Missionary Ridge, 

vet. March 26, 1864. 



EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note. — This Regiment luan muttered out at Little Bock, 
Arle., July 20, 1865.] 

Lieut. Col. Jos. K. Morey, com. 1st lieut. 

Co. F Aug. 5, 1862, prmtd. capt. Feb. 

28, 1863, prmtd. maj. March 3, 1864. 

prmtd. lieut. col. May 12, 1865. 
Surg. Henry Clay Sanford, com. assistant 

surg. June 16, 1864, prmtd. surg. July 

30, 1865, m. o. as assistant surg. 

Company C. 

Butler, R. Y., e. Ych. 29, 1864. 

\Company F. 

First Sergt. J. A. llollingsworth, e. Julv 7, 

1862, kid. Clavkville, Ark. 
Sergt. Geo. N. Scurlock, e. Julv 7. 1^62, 

disd. Jan. 1, 1865, disab. 
Corp. Elias Fox, e. July 7, 1862, disd. April 

5, 1863. 
Corp. Cephas Andrew\s, e. July 7, 1862, 

captd. Camden. Ark., died at Camp Fel- 

der, Tex., while prisr. 
Corp. Harrison AVest, e. July 7, 1862, disd. 

Dec. 30,, 1862, disab. 
Corp. Win. E. Beddison, e. July 7, 1862, 

captd. Camden, Ark. 
Corp. John Crow.e. July 7, 1862. 
Corp. H. W. Hobert, e. July 7, 1862. 
Musician George Barnes, e. Julv 7, 1862, 

disd. Feb. 19, 1863, disab. 
Barnes, H. W., e. July 7, 1862. 



410 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



Buck, Dan'l, e. July 7, 1862. c.iptd. Cam- 
den, Ark. 
Crow, Jesse N"., e. Jan. 1, 1864 
Cawhorn, Wm., e. July 7, 1862. 
Dukes, Wni. K., e. July 7, 1862, died Spring- 
field, Mo. 
Dodd, L. C, e. July 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 19, 

1863, disal). 
Gladfelder, Wni. K., e. July 7, 1862, died 

Sept. 16, 1862. 
Gitchell, John II., e. July 7. 1862, died 

Sprino-tield, Mo. 
Hall, Russell, e. July 7, 1862. 
Hopkins, Wm. F., e. July 7, 1862, captd. 

Camden, Ark. 
Kuhns, Abraham, e. July 7, 1862, disd. 

Fel). 19, 1863, disab. 
Love, J:)ayid, e. July 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 19, 

1863, disab. 
Love, John, e. July 7, 1863, disd. Feb. 19, 

1863, disab. 
Mottoe, Jacob, e. Jiilv 7, 1862. 
McMurrav, ^N". J., e. July 7, 1862. 
Mapes, Wm. C, e. July '7, 1862, kid. battle 

Springfield, Mo. 
Pider, C., e. July 7, 1862. 
Root, H. C, e. July 7, 1862. 
Scott, James, e. July 7, 1862, wd. Poison 

Spring, Ark. 
Scott. B. J., e. July 7, 1862, disd. Pel). 19, 

1863, disab. 
Tearl. Sani'l, e. July 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 16, 

1863, disal). 
Tearl, John, e. July 7, 1862, disd. Pel). 16, 

1863, disal). 
Yaughn, C. B., e. July 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 

16, 1863, disab. 

THIRTY-SIXTH mPA^TRY. 

[Note. — This regiment was mii'stered out at DuvalVs Bluff, 
ArJc.,Aiig.2/,, 1865.] 

Lieut. Col. Francis M. Drake, com. Sept. 
5, 1862, ^vd. and captd. at Mark's Mills, 
Ark., Feb. 22, 1865, com. col. May 11, 
1865, bvt. brig. gen. U. S. Y., but no va- 
cancy. 

Surg. Sylvester H. Sawyer, com. asst. 
surg. Sept. 16, 1862, priiitd. surg. April 
29, 1863, resd. Dec. 10, 1864. 

Company A. 

Noel, Samuel P., e. Dec. 8, 1863, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Thompson. R(_)bert B., e. Jan. 4, 1864, wd. 

and captd. at Marks' Mills. 

Company C. 

Capt. Jas. C. Phili]), com. Oct. 4, 1862, 

resd. March 6. 1863. 
Capt. Allen W. Miller, com. 1st lieut. Nov. 

13, 1862. prmtd. capt. March 7, 1863, 

captd. Mark's Mills. Ark., died at home 

Sept. 17, 1864. 
Capt. K. P. Morrison, com. 2d lieut. Oct. 

4, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. March 7, 1863, 

prnitd. capt. Oct. 11, 1864, reported resd. 

Jan. 11, 1865, and disd. for disab. Feb. 2, 

1865. 



Capt. AVm. P. A^ermilve, e. as sergt. A us. 

19, 1862, prmt.l. 2d lieut. March 7, 1863, 

captd. Mark's Mills, xVrk., prmtd. 1st 

lieut. Oct. 11, 1864, prmtd. capt. Pel). 

3, 1865. 
Pn-st Lieut. Claudius B. Miller, e. as sergt. 

Aug. 22, 1862, prmtd. 1st lieut. Pel). 

3, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Marion H. Skinner, e. as 

sergt. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. at Mark's 

Mills, prmtd. 2d lieut. Aug. 2, 1865, m. 

0. as sergt. 
Sergt. Alex. C. Raynolds, e. Aug. 22, 1862, 

disd. Feb. 9, 1863, disab. 
Sergt. Abraham McKeever, e. Aug. 19, 

1862, disd. Jan. 1, 1863, disab. 
Sergt. Geo. W. Dean, e. Aug. 19, 1862, wd. 

and captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Sergt. Benj. S. Yierling, e. Aug. 22, 1862, 

wd. and captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Sergt. Benj. C. Stauber, e. Aug. 20, 1862, 

disd. Feb. 23, 1863, disab. 
Corp. Jesse G. Dean, e. Aug. 21, 1862, 

captd. Mark's Mills, died Tyler, Tex. 
Corp. Jacob W. Green, e. xiiig. 22, 1862. 

disd. April 8, 1863, disab. 
Corp. Jacob A. Grubb, e. Aug. 22, 1862, 

kid. at Mark's Mills. 
Corp. A. H. Cummings, e. Aug. 22, 1862, 

died at Helena, Ark. 
Corp. John M. Cummings, e. Aug. 22, 1862, 

disd. Jan. 26, 1863, disab. 
Corp. Jas. H. Bovill, e. A\ig. 21, 1862, wd. 

and captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Corp. Wm. P. Patterson, e. Aug. 19, 1862, 

wd. and captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Musician John H. T. Harn, e. Aug. 21, 1862 
Musician C. D. Conrad, e. Aug. 20, 1862, 

wd. and captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Wagoner Alexander A. Monroe, e. Aug. 

19, 1862, disd. Pel). 25, 1863, disab. 
Burris, Wilson, e. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Burkhart, J. W., e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at 

Memphis. 
Baldridge, A. M., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Bray, N. J., e. Aug. 19. 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Burkhard, Isaac, e. Aug. 19, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Chrisman, J. M., e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at 

Keokiik. 
Cummings, George, e. Aug. 21, 1862, died 

at Memphis. 
Carter, Albert, e. Aug. 19, 1862. 
Chenoweth, Joseph, e. Aug. 21, 1862. 
Clark, Jesse, e. Aug. 19, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills, disd. June 8, 

1865, disab. 
Callen, J. R., e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Cummings, Eli, e. Aug. 19, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills, died at Pine 

Bluffs. 
Cummings, J. B., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 4, 1863, disab. 
Caylor, John, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



411 



Caylor, G. W., e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at 

moutli White River. 
Dotson. P. B., e. Aug. 21, 1862. 
Eglev, r. C, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Fullerton, A.,e. Aug. 21,'62,disd. M;iy4,'63 
Fullerton. Tliomas, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died 

Nov. 2, 1862. at home. 
Flock, M., e. Feb. 6, 1864, wd. at Jenkins' 

Ferry, Ark. 
Goodwin, J. P., e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills, disd. June 9, '65. 
Gladfelter, George, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Hiatt, Lewis, e. Aug. 19, 1862. 
Hedgecock, C 8., e. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Huntington, O. P., e. Aug. 20, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 20, 1863, disab. 
Hudgins, L. B., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Hayes, iS. A., e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Hardin, I. A., e. Aug. 20. 1862. 
Hiatt, J. H., e. Aug. 20, 1862, disd. Feb. 4, 

1863, disab. 
Helverson, J. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. at 

Jenkins' Ferry, disd. May 22, 1865. 
Hall, Asbury, e. Aug. 21, 1862, died at 

Shell Mound, Miss. 
Jones, J. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at, 

Mark's Mills. 
Jordan, Andrew, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at 

Keokuk. 
Jackson, A., e. Aug. 19, '62, died at Helena. 
Jones, Wesley, e. Aug. 19, 1862. 
Link, Uriah, e. Aug. 22, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
J.amar, iSLathias, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 9, 1863, disab. 
Leavell, D. J., e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at 

Benton Barracks. 
Miller, J. A.,e. Aug. 20, 1862, kid. at Mark's 

Mills. 
McDirmitt, Wm.. e. Aug. 19, 1862, disd. 

April 30, 1863, disab. 
Miller, B. G., e. March 26, 1864. 
McDanel, Wm., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
McKim. W. H. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Mitchell, Elias, e. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's JNIills and died there. 
Mitchell, James, e. Aug. 21, 1862, died at 

St. Louis. 
McDanel, James, e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at 

Keokuk. 
McFall, J. T., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. Feb. 

13, 1803, disab. 
McCov, Matthias, e. Aug. 20, 1862, kid. at 

Mark's ISIills. 
Matherby, George, e. Aug. 21, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
McCoy, Jeiiu, e. Aug. 19, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Mcintosh, John, c. Aug. 22. 1862, disd. 

Jan. 24, 1863, disab. 
Needham, J. W., e. Aug. 21, 1862, kid. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Polk, R. R., e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 



Porter, W. H. H., e. Aug. 21, 1862. 
Porter, T. B., e. Aug. 19, 1862, kid. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Primm, A. P., e. Jan. 19, 1864, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Pence, C. D., e. Aug. 20, 1862, disd. Feb. 20, 

1863. disab. 
Riggle, W. H., e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Riley, W., e. Aug. 21, 1862, disd. Feb. 20, 

1863, disab. 
Riley, J. H., e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Reynolds, W. W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, died at 

Mound Citv, 111. 
Robinson, T.'l., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Reynolds, ,S. B., e. Aug. 22, 1862, kid. at 

Helena, Ark. 
Scott, H. G. W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Swank. David, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disd. May 

11, 1865, disab. 
Sawyers, D. A., e. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Sumner, D. H., e. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Smith, J. S., e. Oct. 26, 1862. 
Sumner, E., e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. April 

15, 1863, disab. 
Sumner, L. G., e. Aug. 20, 1862, died at 

Keokuk. 
Sumner, Peter, e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Sumner, J. R., e. Oct. 26, 1862, captd at 

Mark's Mills. 
Smitli, Isaac, e. Aug. 21, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Stansljerry, A. J., e. Aug. 20, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Stansberry, J. A., e. Aug. 20, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's ISIills, died there. 
Shaffer, R. B., e. Aug. 19, 1862, died at 

Shell Mound, Miss. 
Stapleton, E. A., e. Aug. 20, 1862, disd. Jan. 

7, 1863. 
Showkwiller, G. W., e. Aug. 22, 1862, died 

at Keokuk. 
Taylor, M. S., e. Aug. 19, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Thomas, C, e. Aug. 21, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills, and died there. 
Tedrew, M. K., e. Aug. 22, 1862, captd. at 

jNFark's Mills. 
Tutwiler, Robert, e. Aug. 22, 1862, 
Thompson, S. K., e. Aug. 21, 1862. 
Vandover, Gravson, e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Vandover, E., e. Aug. 19, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Wilson, G., e. Aug. 22, 1862. 
Williamson, A. W., e. .Vug, 20, 1862. 

Company E. 

Ward, Geo. E. 11.. v. Jan. 4, 1864, kid. at 
Mark's Mills. 

Company F. 

Capt. Wm. F. Vermilion, com. Oct. 4, '62. 
Sergt. Jacob F. Grimes, e. Aug. 9, 1862, 
trans, to V. R. C. -lulvl, 1864. 



412 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



Sergt. Levi Broshar, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. 

at .Jenkins' Ferry. 
Sergt. Wni. R. Daveiii)()rt, e. Aug. 9, 1862, 

W(l. and captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Sergt. II. X. Swallow, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died 

on Yazoo River. 
Cori). Win. H. Maiken, e. Aug. 9. 1862. 
Corp. Wni. H. Shutterly, e. Aug. 9, 1863, 

cai)td. at Mark's Mills. 
Corj). .John D. Westfall, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Corj). .Vndrew .1. Day, e. Aug. 9, 1862, 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Corp. .lames M. Walker, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Musician Saniucl Clellaii, e. Aug. 9, 1863. 
Wagoner Adam WalTord.e. Aug. 9. 1863, 

disd. Dec. 2. 1863, disal.. 
Bartlett, J., e. An--. 9, 1863. died Keokuk. 
Bartlett. Wm., e. Dec. 16, 1863, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Burns, Wni. A., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 

Keokuk. 
Clark, John. e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Carpenter, (Jeo. C, e. Aug. 9, 1862. wd. and 

cai)td. at Mark's Mills, disd. Oct. 25, '64, 

disal). 
CoUett, John M., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Davis, John. e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Dykes, Henry, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Ely. Simon, e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Eads. Wm., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Fel). 20. 

1863. disal.. 
Elgin, John M.. e. Aug. 9. 1863. wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills, disd. June 38, "65. 
Free, John, e. Aug. 9, '63, captd. at Mark's 

Mills. 
Funkhouser. Jos. Y.. e. Aug. 9, 1863, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Fenton. S. A. D., e. Jan. 22, 1864, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Fenton, John. e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Fuller. Wm. II., e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Galbraith. T., e. Dec. 20, 1863. wd. and 

cai)td. at Mark's Mills, 
(rrisson. Wm.. e. Aug. 9. 1863. 
(Hlman. A., e. Fel.^ 37. 1864, wd., captd. 

and died at Mark's Mills. 
Graham. M.. e. Aug. 9, 1863. wd., captd. 

Mark's Mills, disd. Dec. 23, '64. 
Howell. David, e. Feb. 29, 1864, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Hardin, R. M.. e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 

Helena. 
Hixenbaugh, John B., e. Feb. 20, 1864, 

died at Memi»his. . 
Hughes, Clias., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Huiatt, Jas. R., e. Feb. 29, 1864. i-aptd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Houts, Henry, e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd at 

Mark's Mills. 
Haver, (!eo. R., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Kines, B. D., e. Feb. 39, 1864, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Luzader, Perry G., e. Aug. 9, 1863, wd. 

and captd. at Mark's Mills. 



McDaniel, B., e. Feb. 38, 1864, died at Lit- 
tle Rock, Ark. 
Maiken. B. A., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Mcllenrv. Levi, e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. at 

Mark's Mill. 
Marchbanks, John, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 4, 1863, disab. 
Marchbanks, N., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Main. Jacol) W., e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. Feb. 

28. 1863, disab. 
Main, C B., e. Aug. 9, 1862, kid. at Mark's 

Mills. 
Main, Lewis, e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 

-Mark's Mills. 
McCullough. .b.hn, e. Aug. 9, 1863, died 

Oct. 38, 1863, at Keokuk. 
McCullough, Will., e. Aug. 9, 1863. 
Miller, Geo. W.. e. Aug.9,'62,d. Feb. 6, "63. 
Nicholson. E.. e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Peppers, D. H., e. Feb. 28, 1864, captd. at 

Mark's Mills, died at Tvler, Texas. 
Patrick, T. W., e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills, died at Siu-eveport, La. 
Parkhurst, E. W., e. Aug. 9, 1802, died at 

Memphis. 
Sheeks, Alex. C, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 

Keokuk. 
Sheeks, John T., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Sheeks. I. II., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Smith, John P., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Smith, Samuel H., e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Swift, H. II., e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 

iMark's Mills. 
Stewart, D. A., e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Standhn-. John, e. Aug. 9, 1862. wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills, disd. May 24, 

1865, disab. 
Sammons, S. M., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died 

Jan. 18. 1864, while home on furlough. 
Sullivan, B. S., e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Tucker, Thos. J., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Trinchillion, C, e. Aug. 9. 1862. 
Teater. John J.,e. Aug. 9. 1863, disd. Aug. 

18, 1863, disab. 
Walker, B. .\., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Worthington. Thomas, e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Whitselt. John, e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. at 

Clark's Mills. 
Watford. John, e. xVug. 9, 1862. captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 

Company G. 

Capt. Thos. M. Fee, com. Oct. 4, 1863, 

captd. at Mark's Mills, Ark. 
First Lieut. Wm, M. McCreary, com. Oct. 

4, 1863, resd. March 3, 1863. 
First Lieut. Benj. F. Pearson, com. 2d 

lieut. Oct. 4, 1863, prnitd. 1st lieut. March 

4, 1863, captd. at Mark's Mills, resd. May 

3, 1865. 
First Lieut. Nicholas Snedeker, e. as 

priv. Aug. 19, 1863, captd. Mark's Mills, 

printd. 1st lieut. May 8, 1865. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



413 



Second Lieut. Lemuel L. Spooner, e. as 

sergt. July 26, 1862, pruitd. 2d lieut. 

March 4, 1863, died at Memphis. 
Second Lieut. Andrew J. Boston, e. as 

sergt. Aug. 4, 1863, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 

15, 1864, captd. at Marlv's Mills, died at 

Tjder, Texas, while prisoner. 
Second Lieut. Jas. S. Thompson, e. as 

Corp. Aug. 2, 1862, captd. at Mark's Mills, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. July 14, 1865, m. o. as 

1st sergt. 
Sergt. A. R. Murdock, e. Aug. 9, 1862, 

died ;it Keokuk. 
Sergt. John Dailv, e. Aug. 10, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 8. 1863, disiib. 
Sergt. Jas. W. Calvert, e. Aug. 2, 1862, 

disd. Jan. 15, 1864. 
Sergt. Wm. Davis, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Sergt. Silas A. Snvder.e. Aug. 9,1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills, disd. June 27, 1865, disab, 
Sergt. Jcis. Lowrev, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills." 
Corp. F. M. Snvder, e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Corp. Jas. Skipton, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Corp. Ezra Wade, e. Aug. 10, 1862, killed 

at Mark's Mills. 
Corp. Silas Morehmd, e. Aug. 12, 1862, 

captd. at Elkins' Ford, Ark., disd. March 

23, 1865, disab. 
Corp. R. B. Rice, e. Aug. 2, 1862, died at 

Cincinnati. 
Corp. B. D. Bavley, Aug. 9, 1862, died Dec. 

9, 1862. 
Corp. W. Higgenbothain, e. Aug. 10, 1862, 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Corp. Wm. O. Gaol, e. Aug. 9, 1862, wd. at 

Elkins' Fork, Ark., died at Spring Hill, 

Ark. 
Musician C. W. Williams, e. Aug. 16, '62. 
Musician Scott Crow,e. Aug. 18, 1862. 
Barren, A. II., e. Julv 26, 1862. 
Bryant, E., e. Feb. 27, 1864, died Sept. 5, 

1864, at Little Rock. 

Benge, M. J., e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. and 
cai)td. at Mark's Mills, disd. June 30, 

1865, disab. 

Beach, Bernice, e. Aug. 21, 1862, disd. Feb. 

23, 1863, disab. 
Bashare, Daniel, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. May 

30, 1865, disab. 
Bridgeman, Jas., e. Feb. 1, 1864. captd. at 

Mark s Mills. 
Bover, Wm., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Buck, Win. I., e. Aug. 1, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Bowen, Sndth, e. Aug. 1, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills, died Little Rock. 
Babb, r. L., e. Aug. 19, 1862, disd. Nov. 3, 

1863. disab. 
Benge, Joshua, e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Biddis<tn, Josiah, e. Aug. 19, 1862, died 

Dec. 27, 1862. 
Bryant, Eli, e. Aug. 8, 1862, wd. and captd. 

lit Maik's Mills. 
Bryant, Wm., e. Aug. 14, 1862. 
Beamar, Isaac, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 



Buck. Wm., e. Julv 26, 1862, disd. Feb. 22, 

1863, disab. 
Clark, Benj.. e. Julv 26, 1862. 
Cline. John, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Dec. 

20, 1862. 
Carter, Thos., e. Aug. 19, 1862, died at Du- 

vall's Bluff, Ark. 
Crage, Thos., e. Aug. 10, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Cavanah. Geo. T., e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Criddlebaugh. M.. e. Aug. 9, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Criddlebaugh, B., e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at 

Helena. Ark. 
Cross. Isaac, e. Aug. 9, 1862. captd. at 

Mark's :Mills. 
Chambers, H. A., e. Aug. 10. 1862, disd. 

Feb. 22, 1863, disab. 
Dodds, F. A.,e.:Aug. 11, 1862, died on stmr. 

D. A. Januarv. 
Davison, Jas. G'., e. Aug. 14, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Darlinu, Wm. R.. e. Aug. 7, 1862. disd. 

Dec. 29, 1862. 
Douglass, Jas. A., e. Aug. 7, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Ellis, Andrew, e. Aug. 21. 1862, died at 

Helena. 
Eddy, Fredk., e. Aug. 4, 1862. 
Earns W(trtli. .Jacob, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Fisk, Wm. R.. e. Aug. 21, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Grass, Jas. T.. e. Aug. 11. 1862. 
Grass, John T., e. Aug. 11. 1862. 
Gunter. C T., e. Aug. 9, 1862. 
Gay, Andrew, e. Aug. 9, 1862. died at 

Duvall's Bluff. 
Hopkins. Jas. C, e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
Hodge, Wm. C, e. Aug. 15, 1862. 
Hodge, John R., e. Aug. 15, 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Hall, Francis, e. Aug. 1, 1862, captd. Mark's 

Mills. 
Horn, Samuel, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Hays, Amos, e. Aug. 10, 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Johnson, Thomas, e. Aug. 10, 1862. 
Ketc]ium,C., e. Aug. 10, 1862, died Little 

Rock. 
Kirby, Newton, e. March 14, 1863, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Lauiitz, Simon, e. .\ug. 9, 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Lambert. John W.. e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

March 16, 1864. disab. 
Lambert. B., e. Aug. 11. 1862. 
Leonard. Joseph, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Morrill. Amos, e. Aug. 1. 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Moffat, D., e. Ai)ril 5, 1864. 
Mai)es, E. F.,e. Aug. 1, 1862, captd. Mark's 

Mills. 
Marland. Benj.. e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
Mullin. Tiios.. e. Aug. 11. 1862. disd. Dec. 

18. 1862. disab. 
Morrison. John J., e. Aug. 11, 1862. captd. 

Mark's Mills. 



114 



HISTORi' OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



Mottoo, X. F.,e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. Elkins' 

Ford, Ark., died Prairie de Ann. 
Masters, H. Aug. 11, 1863. 
Maring. N., e. Aug. 12, 1862, died Little 

Rock. 
Merrill, Wm., e. Aug. 12, 1862, wd. and 

captd. Mark's Mills. 
Maring, Arlooff, e. Aug. 12, 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Masters, H., e. Aug. 19, 1862, captd. Mark's 

Mills. 
Myers, John W., e. Aug. 21, 1862, died 

Gi'eenwood, Miss. 
O'Connor, Geo., e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
O'Connor, J., e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
Phillips, Henry, e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. July 

23, 1863, disab. 
Paine, Jesse O., e. Aug. 20, 1862. 
Park, J. M., e. April 5, 1864. 
Robison, Jas. I., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

Aug. 21, 1863, disab. 
Smith, R. B., e. Aug. 1, 1862, captd. Mark's 

Mills. 
.Smith, C. A., e. Jan. 5, 1864, captd. Mark's 

Mills. 
Stanton, Thos. J., e. Aug. 2, 1862. disd. 

Feb. 14, 1863, disab. 
Stark, Wm. N., e. Aug. 19, 1862, disd. 

March 20, 1863, disab. 
Shaw, 8. R., e. Jan. 4, 1864, captd. Mark's 

Mills. 
Snedeker, N., e. Aug. 19, 1862. 
Skipton, J., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Nov. 16, 

1863, disab. 
Stickler, John, e. Aug. 22, 1862, died Hel- 
ena, Ark. 
Thomas, Jas., e. Aug. 1, 1862. 
Thomas, Wm., e. Aug. 1, 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Thornburg, John 8., e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Webber, John, e. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Whitsell, Philip, e. Aug. 1. 1862, trans, to 

V. R. C. Oct. 15, 1864. 
Zimmer. Wm. T., e. Aug. 1, 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 

Company H. 

Dyson, Thomas, e. Aug. 21, 1862. 

Gilliland, Jas. A., e. Aug. 16, 1862, died 
Memphis. 

Helmick, Jos. M., e. Aug. 21, 1862, disd. 
Dee. 17, 1863, disab. 

Hamblin, Wm., e. Aug. 16. 1862, died St. 
Loids. 

Sales, F. M., e. Aug. 21, 1862, died Claren- 
don, Ark. 

West, Sylvanus, e. Aug. 21, 1862, died ]. it- 
tie Rock. 

Company I. 

Capt. Jos. B. Gedney, com. Oct. 4, 1862, 

captd. Mark's Mills, Ark. 
First Lieut. Geo. R. Hutson, com. Oct. 4, 

1862, wd. Jenkins' Ferry, Ark. 
Second Lieut. Walter S. Johnson, com. 

Oct. 4. 1862, captd. Mark's Mills. Ark. 
First Sergt. Henrv Jaquiss, e. Aug. 11, 

1862, captd. Mark's Mills. 



Sergt. H. Dodge, e. Aug. 11. 1862, kid 

Mark's Mills. 
Sergt. O. H. Perry, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Sergt. Geo. Frush, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Sergt. R. E. Chandler, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Corp. Wm. D. Armstrong, e. Aug. 11. 1862, 

disd. Feb. 6, 1863. 
Corp. Joseph Fulcher, e. Aug. 11. 1862, 

died Keokuk. 
Corp. M. Slioppa. e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

Feb. 21, 1863. 
Corp. Geo. Athey, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 

captd. Mark's Mills. 
Corp. T. E. Gilbert, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. 

and captd. Mark's Mills. 
Corp. R. S. Lowry, e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

June 27, 1865. 
Corp. Jas. Ridgeway, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 

disd. Feb. 10, 1863. 
Corp. Jas. C. Hartley, e. Aug. 11, 1862, wd. 

and captd. Mark's Mills, disd. June 14, 

1865. 
Corp. John B. Adamson, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

captd. Mark's Mills. 
Corp. H. Entsmurger, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Corp. Jas. L. Stone, e. Aug. 11, 1862, captd. 

Mark's Mills. 
Musician Jas. N. Hodges, e. Aug. 11, 1862, 

captd. Mark's Mills. 
Wagoner Geo. Holbrook, e. Aug. 11, 1862. 

captd. ]\Iark's Mill. 
Adamson, Benj., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. 

Jan. 29, 1863. 
Bales, Lee, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died July 18, 

at Little Rock. 
Bayles, W. C, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died Jan. 5, 

1863. 
Ball, Daniel R., e. Aug. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 

13, 1863, disab. 
Buck, Chas., e. Oct. 11, 1862, died at 

Memphis. 
Bower, Jacob, e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Becknall, Isaac, e. .Oct. 11, 1862, died at 

St. Louis. 
Baggs, John C, e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills, died at Tyler, Texas. 
Brown, J., e. Oct. 11, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Brayman. A. J., e. Oct. 11, 1862, kid. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Baker, Simoen, e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Brown, A. S., e. Oct. 11, 1862. 
Baker, H., e. Oct. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 25, 

1863, disab. 
Baker, Jas., e. Oct. 11, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Cole, Geo. B., e. Oct. 11, 1862, disd. Sept. 

1, 1863. 
Calvert, F.. e. Oct. 11, 1863, died Helena. 
Condra, Wm., e. Oct. 11, 1862. 
Copple. Levi, e. Oct. 11, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Cox, David, e. Oct. 11, 1862, died at Can- 

terville. 
Cooley, Jas. A., e. Oct. 11, 1862. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



415 



Conger, David, e. Ot-t. 11, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Conger, Wm., e. 0(;t. 11, 1863, died at 

Henton Barracks. 
Denvon, Jas. F., e. Jan. 12, 1864, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Delay, Geo., e. Oct. 11, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps March 20, 1863. 
Davis, H. W., e. Oct. 11, 1862, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Davis, Samuel, e. Oct. 11. 1862, wd. at 

Jenkins' Ferry. 
Darrow, S., e. Oct. 11, 1862, died Dec. 12, 

1863. 
Drummond, L. D., e. Oct. 11, 1862, died 

Dec. 14, 1863. 
Ervin, John M., e. Sept. 22, 1864. 
Farmer, E., e. Oct. 11, 1862. 
Forest, Isaac, e. Feb. 12, 1863, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Falconer, R., e. Oct. 11, 1863, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Fisher, John L., e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Guy, Benj. F., e. Oct. 11, 1863, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Fairbother, T., e. Oct. 11, 1862, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Gibson, Geo. W., e. Feb. 27, 1864, kid. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Gillman, Silas, e. Oct. 11, 1862. 
Gillaspie, Benj., e. Oct. U, 1862, wd. and 

disd. June 31, 1865. 
Gibson, C W., e. Oct. 11, 1862, wd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Harvey, W. M., e. Oct. 11, 1863, wd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Huntington, Wm. T., e. Oct. 11, 1863, died 

at Memphis. 
Hoadesheldt, Wm., e. Oct. 11, 1863, disd. 

Feb. 5, 1863. 
Hutchinson, Dillman, e. Oct. 11, 1863, 

wd. and captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Ireland, Wm. A., e. Oct. 11. 1863, disd. 

Feb. 7, 1863. 
Jones, Alex., e. Oct. 11. 1863. 
John, James, e. Oct. 11, 1863, disd. May 

18, 1864. 

John, Henry, e. Oct. 11, 1863, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
John, David, e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Jarvis, Wm.. e. Oct. 11, 1863, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Knapp, Melvin, e. Oct, 11, 1863. 
Kingsbury, John, e. Oct. 11, 1863, wd. 

an<l ca])td. at Mark's Mills, disd. Nov. 

19. 1864. 

Kelly, Wm. H., e. Oct. 11, 1862. 

Kingsbury, Robert, e. Oct. 11, 1863. 

Leonard, A. A., e. Oct. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 
10, 1863. 

Lewis, Geo., e. Oct. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 4, 
1864, disab. 

Linch, James, e. Oct. 11, 1863, died Hel- 
ena. » 

Lewis, Rozzell, e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. at 
Mark's Mills. 



Linton, Jas. W., e. Oct. 11, 1862, disd. 

April 24, 1863. disd. 
McDonald, R. S., e. Oct. 11, 1862. 
Moore, E. O., e. Sept. 6, 1864. 
Morgan, John W., e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. 

at Mark's J^Iills. 
Moss, Geo. R., e. Oct. 11, 1863, disd. March 

3, 1863, disab. 
Medis, A. R., e. Oct. 11, 1862, trans, to 

Inv. Corps. 
McClure, John, e. Oct. 11, 1862. 
Marshall, Wm. F., e. Oct. 11, 1863, captd. 

at Mark's Mills. 
Manning, Jos., e. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Medis, Isaac O., e. Oct. 11, 1863, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Nelson, Jas. A., e. Oct. 11, 1862, disd. Feb. 

13, 1863. 
Ogle, Barton A., e. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Ogle, Jas., e. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Parks, Orin, e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Park, II. E., e. Feb. 14, 1863, Avd. and 

captd. at Mark's Mills. 
Peugh, S. E., e. Oct. 11, 1862, wd. at Mark's 

Mills and died there. 
Streepy, Edw., e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Streepy, Geo., e. Oct. 11, 1862. 
Streepy, Isaac, e. Oct. 11, 1862, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Stephenson, H. W., e. Oct. 11, 1863, captd. 

at Mark's Mills, disd. July 1, 1865. 
Sutton, Geo., e. Oct. 11, 1863, captd. at 

Mark's Mills. 
Stanton, David, e. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Shoemaker, F., e. Oct. 11, 1863, disd. Nov. 

17, 1863, disab. 
Stone, A. C, e. April 11, 1864. 
Sayles, John A., e. Oct. 11, 1863, deserted. 
Smiley, Wm., e. Oct. 11, 1863, disd. June 8, 

1865. 
Thompson, Wm. H., e. Oct. 11, 1863, wd. 

and captd. at Mark's Mills, disd. June 

14, 1865. 
Tetter, John R.. e. Jan. 4, 1864. 
Thornburg, A. C., e. Oct. 11, 1863. 
Winters, John S., e. April 14, 1864, died at 

Little Rock. 

Company K. 

Brott, (ieo. W., e. Aug. 33, 1863. wd., 
captd. and died at Mark's Mills. 

Bailey, L. C, e. Aug. 31. 1863. 

Hager, Jacob, e. Aug. 23, 1863, captd. at 
Mark's Mills. 

Turner, Robert, e. Aug. 30, 1863. 

((•0:MPANY rXKNOAVN.) 

Baker, Willis, e. Dec. 15, 1863. 
Mauba, F., e. Dec. 17, 1863. 
Smith, Jas. M., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Browning, Geo. W, e. Feb. 37, 1864. 
Dotson, A. T., e. Feb. 17, 1864. 
Gaughenbaug, M.. e. Feb. 36, 1864. 
Piatt, Oscar, e. Jan. 18, 1864. 
Show, John W., e. Feb. 37, 1864. 



416 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 
Company C. 

[Note. — This regiment was mustered out at Davenport, 
Iowa ; date not given in Adjutant GeneraVs Report.] 

Sergt. Asa Dudley, e. Oct. 23, 1862, died 

Jan. 10, 1863. 
Corp. Olliver Gorrell, e. Oct. 6, 1862, died 

at Memphis. 
Corp. Anthony Martin, e. Sept. 11, 1862, 

disd. Sept. 7. 1864, disab. 
Adams, Walter, e. Sept. 21, 1862. 
Blakesley, Joel, e. Sept. 26, 1862, died at 

St. Louis. 
Braid wood, Wm., e. Oct. 2, 1862. 
Blackburn, B., e. Oct. 1, 1862, disd. July 

6, 1864, disab. 
Chipman, John, e. Oct. 2, 1862. 
Danford, Milton, e. Oct. 21, 1862, disd. May 

25, 1863, disab. 
Forsyth, Thos., e. Oct. 22, 1862. 
Frederick, David, e. Oct. 27, 1862, disd. 

April 29, 1863, disab. 
Loch, Wm., e. Oct. 1. 1862, died Alton. 
Mercer, Jo.shua. e. Oct. 4, 1862. 
Matheson, Daniel, e. Oct. 4, 1862. 
Morris, Jos., e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Staten, Perry, e. Oct. 2, 1862. 
Zimmer, John H., e. Sept. 11, 1862, disd. 

July 4, 1864, disab. 

Company H. 

Shaw, John W., e. Oct. 2, 1862, died at St. 
Louis. 

Company I. 

First Sergt. Jas. E. Whitman, e. Sept. 11, 

1862. 
Ashby, Daniel C, e. Sept. 1862, died at 

Alton, 111. 
Burke, Wm., e. Oct. 20, 1862, died at St. 

Louis. 
Bell, Wm., e. Dec. 20, 1862, died March 

6, 1863. 
Hacker, David, e. Oct. 16, 1862, died at 

St. Loiiis. 
Parks, L. H., e. Oct. 17, 1862, disd. May 

21, 1863, disab. 

Company K. 

Casebeer, J., e. Oct. 21, 1862. 

Green, Philetus, e. Oct. 21, 1862. 

Myers, Geo., e. Oct. 16, 1862, disd. Sept. 

29, 1864, disab. 
Mosher, M. G.. e. Sept. 30, 1862. 
Severs, Wm. P., e. Oct. 8, 1862. 

^ FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 

(100 DAYS). 

[Note. — Thi> regiment was mustered out at Davenport, 
Sept. S3, 186U]. 

Company C. 

Capt. Edward Mericle, com. June 10, 1864. 
First Sergt. Milo W. Phillips, e. May 5, 

1864. 
Sergt. Jos. F. Stewart, e. Mav 5, 1864. 
Corp. Chas. Dodge, e. May 14, 1864. 



Corp. Wm. C. Miller, e. May 16, 1864. 
Corp. Jacob H. Croft, e. May 19, 1864. 
Burns. Wm., e. Mav 28, 1864. 
Beatty, Aaron, e. May 18, 1864. 
Brees, Geo. W., e. May 5, 1864. 
Cuppv, Chas. L., e. Mav 5, 1864, 
Dykes, John, e. May 5, 1864. 
Ely. Adam M., e.'May 16, 1864. 
Gillis, Albert, e. May 28. 1864. 
Harn, Geo. W., e. May 14, 1864. 
House, Jas., e. May 14, 1864. 
Hedgecock, Lewis, e. May 28, 1864. 
Hedgecock, Albert, e. May 14, 1864. 
Hinton, Wm., e. May 8, 1864. 
Jones, Wm., e. May 5, 1864. 
Main, John W., e. May 19, 1864. 
McAninch, G. R., e. May 23, 1864. 
Maiken, D. A., e. May 5, 1864. 
Robinson, John, e. May 5, 1864. 
Sharp, Jesse M., e. May 10, 1864. 
Townsend, H. N., e. Mav 10, 1864. 
Townsend, Jas. S., e. Mav 10, 1864. 
Walters, Jas. E., e. May 15, 1864. 
Westfall, Wm., e. May 28, 1864. 

Company K. 

Potter, Albert, e. May 12, 1864. 

FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 

[Note — Dale of m. o. is not given in Adjutant GentraV$ 
Report.] 

Company B. 

Capt. Robt. S. Morris, com. June 4, 1864. 
First Lieut. Benj. Morrison, com. June 

4, 1864. 
Second Lieut. Chas. A. Conger, com. June 

4, 1864. 
First Sergt. Hiram Barnes, e. May 1, 1864. 
Sergt. Beverly A. Joiner, e. May 2, 1864. 
Sergt. David A. Porter, e. May 2, 1864. 
Sergt. John Nelson, e. May 2, 1864. 
Corp. C. A. Chessman, e. May 2, 1864. 
Corp. Abrani Wood, e. May 2, 1864. 
Corp. Jas. L. Dysart, e. May 2, 1864. 
Corp. John D. Stewart, e. May 2, 1864. 
Corp. D. M. Rice, e. May 4, 1864. 
Corp. E. B. Wilson, e. May 2, 1864. 
Corp. Jas. W. Taylor, e. May 6, 1864. 
Corp. R. G. Wilder, e. May 2, 1864. 
Musician Worth Green, e. May 2, 1864. 
Anderson, Geo. W., e. May 5, 1864. 
Anderson, Jos. T., e. May 5, 1864. 
Borrough", Wm., e. May 6, 1864. 
Blakesly, F. M., e. May 2, 1864. 
Beard, Wm., e. May 2,'l864. 
Biddison, John, e. jMay 7, 1864. 
Buckmaster, R. M., e. May 2, 1864. 
Conger, John, e. May 2, 1864. 
Conger, Enos, e. May 2, 1864. 
Condra, 1. M., e. May 7, 1864. 
Cummms, Geo. V., e. May 3, 1864. 
Coe, Hiram W., e. May 5, 1864. 
Chrisman, Wm. H., e. May 6, 1864. 
Cline, Washington, e. May 2, 1864. 
Christey, Geo. W, e. May 18, 1864. 
Drake, John N., e. May 6, 1864. 
Dorrah, Wm. L., e. May 2, 1864. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



417 



Dukes, Jesse M., e. May 2, 1864. 
Edgington, Thos. J., e. May 3, 1864. 
Farley, Wm. W., e. May 3, 1864. 
Fisher, Beni. S., e. Mav 3. 1864. 
Frost, Andrew, e. May 16, 1864. 
Green,S.J., e. May7,1864. 
Grass, John, e. JSIav 4, 1864. 
Hornaday, N. S., e". May 3, 1864. 
Harriss, E., e. May 3, 1864. 
Hicks, Andrew, e. May 3, 1864. 
Hicks, Robt., e. May 3, 1864, died Sept. 24, 

1864, at Davenport, Iowa. 
Holman, D. B., e. May 16, 1864. 
Houghmd, Wm. H., e. May 3, 1864. 
Huston, Thos. A., e. May 14, 1864. 
Haney, M., e. May 3, 1864. 
Leonard, George A., e. May 9, 1864. 
Murdy, Wm. I.., e. May 4, 1864. 
Monroe, Curtis, e. May 7, 1864. 
McFerron, H. S., e. May 5, 1864. 
Morehm, D. N., e. May 3, 1864. 
McChird. Wm. T., e. May 2, 1864. 
Morrill, E. P., e. May 2, 1864. 
Musgrove, B. T., e. May 5, 1864, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Pratt, A. J., e. May 3, 1864. 
Phillips, H. F., e. May 6. 1864. 
Points, Arthur, e. May 3, 1864. 
Phillips, Wm., e. May" 3, 1864. 
Parkhurst, E. H.. e. May 4, 1864. 
Rubey, Elias, e. May 7, 1864. 
Smitl), H. J., e. May 3, 1864. 
Smith, J. E., e. May 7, 1864. 
Stephens, Edward, e. May 5, 1864. 
Scott, J. R., e. May 3, 1864. 
Shoemaker, C R., e. May 7, 1864. 
Skinner, W. C, e. May 3, 1864. 
Scott, B. W., e. May 3, 1864. 
Stier, Wm., e. May 16, 1864. 
Stewart, D. M., e. May 15, 1864. 
Silknitter, B. F., e. May 3, 1864. 
Stewart, David, e. May 7, 1864. 
Teegarden, Simon, e. May 3, 1864. 
Turk, E. H., e. Mav 3, 1864. 
Taylor, U. S-, e. "^May 3, 1864, died at 

Helena, Ark. 
Tulles, L., e. May 4, 1864. 
Thornburg, J. G., e. May 3, 1864. 
Vandever, Hiram, e. May 13, 1864. 
Vandike, Abram. e. May 3, 1864. 
Van Buskirk, J. W., e. May 9, 1864. 
Wentworth, G. W. S., e. May 3, 1864. 
Ware, R. L., e. May 7, 1864. 
Zimmer, J. H., e. May 6, 1864. 

Company K. 

Lloyd. Joseph, e. May 36, 1864. 



THIRD CAVALRY. 

Note. — [This regiment wot tmistered out at Atlanta, Oa., 
Augutt 9, 1865.] 

Maj. Cornelius A. Stanton, e. as sergt. 
Aug. 30, 1861, prmtd. sergt. maj., wd. at 
La Grange, prmtd. capt. June 20, 1863, 
prmtd. ma], sept. 31, 1864. 

B. Q. M. S. Eli S. Taylor, e. Sept. 6, 1861. 



Company B. 

Bailey, N. W., e. Aug. 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864, wd. at Osage, Mo. 
Scott, T. J., e. Feb. 37, 1864. 

Company D. 

Corp. Paul Black, e. Aug. 34, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Wagoner John L. Wolf, e. Aug. 34, 1861, 

captd. at Pea Ridge. 
Cayler, E. M., e. Aug 34, 1861. 
Rodgers, C R., e. Feb. 35, 1864. 
Taylor, E. S., e. Aug. 30, 1861. 
Taylor, J. G., e. Aug. 34, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 

Company E. 
First Sergt. Thomas H. Brennon, e. 

Aug. 17. 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, wd. and 

captd. at Big Blue, Mo. disd. Aug. 

33, 1865. 
Farrier Jas. F. Tarr, e. Aug. 17, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 30, 1863, disab. 
Worley. James, e. Feb. 30, 1864. 

Company C. 

Corp. H. H. Gale, e. J^ov. 5, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 35, 1863, disab. 
Bowen, W. W., e. 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company I. 

Capt. Thos. J. Taylor, com. Sept. 6, 1861, 

died on Mississippi River July 24, 1862. 
Capt. Edward F. Horton, com. 3d lieut, 

Sept. 6, 1861, prmtd. capt. Sept. 1, 1862, 

resd. June 19, 1863. 
First Lieut. Thos. H. McDannal, com. 

Sept. 6, 1861, resd. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Second Lieut. Reuben Delay, e. as Q. M. 

sergt. Aug. 30, 1861, prmtd. 3d lieut. 

Jan. 34, 1864, missing at Ripley, Miss., 

June 11, 1864, prmtd. 3d lieut. but not 

mustered, disd. May 31. 1865. 
First Sergt. Abram Button, e. Aug. 20, 

1861, appointed bugler. 
First Sergt. Samuel R. Snyder, e Aug. 20, 

1861, trans, to 2d Ark. Regt. May 10, '63. 
First Sergt. Chas. K. Halbrook, e. Aug. 

20, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. at Rip- 
ley, Miss., died at Millen, Ga. 
Sergt. Isaac Duvall, e. Aug. 20, 1861, died 

at Little Rock. 
Sergt. Jas. B. Story, e. Aug. 30, 1861, captd. 

at I^a Grange, Ark., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Sergt. Martin Clark, e. Aug. 30, 1861. 
Sergt. Wm. Brannon,e. Aug. 30, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, died at Centerville. 
Sergt. Robt. Goldsberry, e. Aug. 20, 18AI, 

disd. Nov. 7, 1862. 
Sergt. Jos. H. Ramsey, e. .\ug. 20, 1861, 

captd. at Ripley, Miss. 
Sergt. Thos. J. Frost, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

captd. at Jackscni, Miss. 
Sergt. Wm. H. McNulty, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

captd. at La Grange, Ark., vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, cai)td. at Ripley, Miss. 
Corp. Richard Freeborn, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 



418 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



Corp. P. A. S. O. Scott, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

died at Helena, Ark. 
Corp. John G. Dudley, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

died at Keokuk. 
Corp. Oliver Breese, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, capt. at Ripley, Miss. 
Corp. John Buckmaster, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Corp. Wm. Delay, e. Aug. 20, 1861, \vd. at 

La Grange, Ark., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. Jas. S. Swift, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, captd. at Ripley, Miss., died 

at Florence, Ala., while prisoner. 
Corp. S. E. Ewing, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Corp. N. Solon, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864, wd. and captd. at Ripley, died 

at Millen, Ga., while prisoner. 
Corp. J. J. Pinkerton, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Bugler John Nowles, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Bugler Wm. Adams, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 

captd. at La Grange, Ark., vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, captd. Nov. 3, 1864. 
Farrier David Frederick, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

disd. March 21, 1862. 
Farrier Jos. A. James, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Saddler Samuel Benge, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

disd. Dec. 20, 1862. 
Wagoner Wm. F. Barker, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864, died June 16, 1864. 
Wagoner Caleb Durbiu, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Adamson, F. H., e, Feb. 24, 1864. 
Adamson, Wm. B., e. Feb. 29, 1864, killed 

at Guntown, Miss. 
Bowman, Wm., e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Button, H., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Beall, M. P., e. Aug. 20, 1861, died July 

12, 1862. 
Bradlev, B. F.,e. Feb. 27, 1864, captd. Nov. 

3, 1864. 
Baker, Samuel G., e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Brock, Geo., e. Jan. 5, 1864, 
Beard, Geo. W., e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Craig, John, e. Dec. 23, 1863. 
Cayler, Wm. R., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. for 

disab. 
(•alvert, I., e. March 20, 1864, captd. at 

Ripley, Miss. 
Conger, Jos. M., e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Clinkenbeard, A., e. March 17, 1864. 
Chany, Geo. R., e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Cronin, J., e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, (;aptd. at Ripley, Miss. 
Curran, John, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 
Darling, I. K., e. Feb. 27, 1864, captd. Nov. 

3, 1864, disd. March 3, 1865, disab. 
Delay, Willos, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Deemer, G., vet, Jan. 1, 1864. 
Donaldson, Jas. Y., e. Aug. 20, 1861, wd, 

at Coldwater, Tenn. 
Eddv, Samuel, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Ethridge, Wm., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Nov. 

20, 1862. 
Ellis. Harmon, e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Feb. 
19, 1862, disab. 



Eraser, Wm., e. Aug. 20, 1861, captd. at 

La Grange, Ark., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Fresh, John H., e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. at 

Ripley, Miss. 
Holbrook, John R., e. March 10, 1864. 

captd. at Ripley, Miss., died in Ga. 

while prisoner. 
Hall, Amos P., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Nov. 

24, 1862. 
Hamilton, Jas. S., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd, 

Nov. 20, 1862. 
Haney, B. F., e. March 9, 1864. 
Hopkins, Jas., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Nov., 

1861. 
Hines, D., e. Feb. 29, 1864, captd. at Rip- 
ley, Miss., died at Andersonville. 
Johnson, Jas. A., e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
Ketchum, B. D., e. Feb. 27, 1864. 
Kerschner, Eli A., e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Lanham, Jolm A., e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Meyers, J. M.. e. Feb. 27, 1864, died Aug. 

15, 1864, at Memphis, Tenn. 
McDonald, S. L., e. Feb. 27, 1864. 
McKeehan, H. C, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
McHenry, G. W., e. Dec. 25, 1868. 
McFall, Wm. I., e. Aug. 20, 1861, died 

March 12. 1862. 
McLaughlin, S. H., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 28, 1862. 
Miller, Peter, e, Aug, 20, 1861. 
Morrisey, Jesse M., e. Aug, 20, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
McCune, Wm. H., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. 

April 25, 1864. 
Moore, J. L., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. April 

25, 1864. 
Monroe, Jas. M., e, March 17, 1864, died at 

St. Louis. 
Mohr, Martin, e, Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864, captd, Nov. 3, 1864 
Mcintosh, D. S,, e, Aug. 20, 1861, disd. 

Sept. 26, 1862, 
Muri)hy, Peter, e. Aug, 20, 1861, captd, at 

La Grange, Ark., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Nelson, S., e. Feb. 23, 1864, killed at Co- 
lumbus, Ga, 
Oden, E. S., e, Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 1. 

1864, disd. Sept. 1, 1864. 
O'Connor, Isaac, e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864. 
O'Connor, M., e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, captd. at Ripley, Miss. 
Porter, Jas. J., e. Feb. 23, 1864. died at 

Memphis. 
Points, Thomas, e. Aug. ,20, 1861, disd. 

March 5. 1862. 
Patrick. Wm. M., e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864, captd. at Ripley, Miss. 
Reid, M., e. Feb. 25, 1864. 
Ramsey, Silas C, e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Reynolds, T. M., e. Aug. 20, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1861. 
Root, Moses, e. Feb. 24, 1864, died at St. 

Louis. 
Revnolds. E. M.. e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd 
March 5, 1862, disab. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



419 



Eichardson, George L., e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

disd. Marcli 3, 1862, disab. 
Rice, John W., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. Jan. 

18, 1862. disab. 
Sprague, E., e. Feb. 38, 1864, captd. at 

Riplev, Miss. 
Stevens, Isaac, e. Aug. 20, 1861, captd. 

Nov. 11, 1863, vet. Jan. 1, 1864, captd. 

Nov. 3, 1864. 
Smitli. Robert P., e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 6, 1862, disab. 
Stauber, Wm. H.. e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. 

March 13. 1863, disab. 
Spangler, John. e. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. 

Nov. 1, 1861, disab. 
Tliornburg. A. B., e. Feb. 29. 1864. 
Thompson, L., e. Aug. 20, 1861. 
Tibljetts, A. W., e. Feb. 29, 1864. 
Taylor, Geo. W., vet. Jan. 1. 1864. 
Wallver, Wm. W., e. Feb. 27, 1864. 
Wadlington, S., e. Dec. 17. 1863. 
Walden, Jos. A., e. Dec. 27, 1863. 
Walfinaer, E.. e. Feb. 27, 1864, died Oct. 

11, 1864. 
Westerberger, J., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 

Company L. 

Farrier Silas C Ramsey, e. Aug. 20, 1861, 

disd. Jan. 25, 1863, disab. 
Wagoner Isaac W. Green, e. Aug. 15, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Boyd, Edw. B., e. Aug. 15, 1861, deserted 

Dec. 17, 1861, and discovered in 4th Cav. 

in April. 1862. 
Bailey, N. W., e. Aug. 15, 1861. 
Forkner, Albert, e. Aug. 15, 1861. 

Company M. 

Sergt. Edw. Broshar, e. iVug. 15, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Wagoner Erastus Brown, e. Aug. 15, 1861, 

vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
Brown, Thomas, e. Aug. 15, 1861, vet. Jan. 

1, 1864, kid. at Old Town Creek, Miss. 
Cline, Wm. J., e. Aug. 15, 1861, disd. Nov. 

27, 1861, disab. 
Dykes. Nathaniel, e. Aug. 15, 1861, disd. 

June 24, 1862, disab. 
Gurn, Geo. A., e. Aug. 15, 1861, disd. Jan. 

18, 1862. 
Kimmel, James, e. Aug. 15, 1861, vet. 

Jan. 1, 1864. 
Kimmel. M. V., e. Aug. 1, 1861, disd. May 

15, 1862. 
Murphv, Wm., e. Aug. 15, 1861, disd. June 

24, 1862, disab. 
McFatridge, John C, e. Feb. 27, 1864. 

COMPANY UNKNOWN. 

Bartholomew, John, e. Dec. 20, 1863. 
Broek, fJeo., e. Jan. 5, 1864. 
Craig, Jolm, e. Dec. 23, 1863. 
Murphy, Wm., e. Feb. 27. 1864. 
Mc Henry, Geo. W., e. Dec. 25, 1863. 
Wallington, Spence, e. Dec. 17, 1863. 
Walden, John A., e. Dec. 27, 1863. 
Randolph, Geo. F., e. Feb. 6, 1864. 



SEVENTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — This Regiment toaf mustered out at Leavemcorth, 
Kan., May 17, 1S66.] 

Company A. 

Corp. Wm. A. Lowry, e. Oct. 20, 1862. 
Saddler Stephen Martin, e. Sept. 15, 1862. 
Lewis, James M., e. Feb. 14, 1863. 
Rhoads, Cicero, e. Sept. 15, 1863. 
Swearengin. AVm. T., e. Feb. 21, 1863. 
Stearns, Lewis, e. Sept. 15, 1862. 
Stearns, Elisha, e. Sept. 15, 1862. 
Whitman, D. J., e. Sept. 15, 1862. 

Company B. 

Sergt. Philip Smith. e. Nov. 7, 1862. 
Corp. John D. McKiiu, e. Nov. 7, 1862. 
Alberson, Noah, e. March 8. 1863. 
Barber, Jos. T., Feb. 10, 1863. 
Cleghorn, Jos. H., e. Nov. 7. 1862. 
Crawley, Samuel, e. Feb. 16, 1863. 
Good, Edw., e. Jan. 15, 1863, died at Fort 

Cottonwood, N. T. 
Kuypers, Jas., e. Feb. 7, 1863. 
Morris, Abner, Nov. 7, 1862. 
Matherly, Aug., e. Nov. 7, 1862. 
O'Connor, F. M., Nov. 7, 1862. 
Staley, F. M., e. Feb. 7, 1863. 
Slagle, R. C, e. Feb. 1, 1863. 
Williamson, P., e. Nov. 7, 1862. 

Company D. 

First Lieut. Jacob B. Delav, e. as sergt 
Dec. 25, 1862, prmtd. 2d lieut. June 22, 
1865, prmtd. 1st lieut. July 13, 1865. 

Sergt. Worthington McNeal, e. Dec. 25, 
1862. 

Company E. 

First Lieut. John W. Robley, com. 2d 
lieut. June 3, 1863, i)rmtd. 1st lieut. 
June 3, 1865, resd. Dec. 14, 1865. 

Serat. Geo. W. Martin, e. May 11, 1863. 

Corp. Wm. H. Delay, e. May 21, 1863. 

Corp. Henry Skinner, e. May 8, 1863. 

Corp. Lewis B. Korn, e. May 14, 1863. 

Albertson, John P., e. May 21, 1863. 

Britton, John H., e. May 4, 1863. 

McDonald, John C, e. April 23, 1863. 

March, Jacob C, e. May 11, 1863. disd. 
Feb. 10, 1863, disab. 

Morse, John A., e. April 15. 1863, disd. 

Payne, Jolm W., e. May 23, 1863. 

Swartz, Carey, e. May 19, 1863. 

Sleeth, Caleb, e. May 23, 1863. 

Train, S. H., e. April 1, 1863, died at Dav- 
enport. 

True, S., e. Mav 1, 1863. 

Whitman, R. W., e. May 18, 1863. 



EIGHTH CAVALRY. 

[Note. — Thit regiment wat mustered out at Macott, Ga. 
Aug. 13, 1865.] 

Company F. 

Capt. Ephraim Cummins, com. Sept. 30, 
1863, wd. at Cassville, resd. Aug. 18, 
1864. 



420 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



('apt. Jackson Morrow, com. 2d lieut. 

Sept. 30, 1863, i)rmt(l. capt. Aug. 19, 1864. 
First Lieut. Jas. Ewiiig, com. Sept. 30, 

1863. hon. disd. Aug. 3, 1864. 
First Lieut. Henry Parker, e. as sergt. 

June 24, 1863, ])rmtd. 1st lieut. Dec. 

21, 1864, commission canceled. 
First Lieut. John B. Morrison, e. as 1st 

sergt. June 24, 1863, captd. at Xew- 

nan, Ga., prmtd. 1st lieut. Jan. 16, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Charles K. Rogers, com. 

March 3, 1865, from priv. Co. D, 3d Cav. 
Q. M. S. Wm. H. Pulliam, e. June 24, 

1863, kid. at Xewnan, Ga. 
Sergt. Geo. M. Bunton, e. June 24, 1863, 

captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Sergt. Robert K. Johnson, captd. at 

Newnan, Ga. 
Sergt. James H. Ruckner, e. June 24, 

1863. 
Corp. Wm. T). Kinser, e. June 24, 1863, 

captd. at Newnan, (ia. 
Corp. C. W. Morrison, e. June 24, 1863, 

captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Corp. Chas. Severance, e. June 24, 1863. 
Corp. J. M. Robinson, e. July 7. 1863. 
Corp. Jesse Evans, e. June 24, 1863, 

captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Corp. J. A. J. Thomas, e. June 24, 1863, 

captd. at Newnan, Ga., died at Flor- 
ence Ga., while prisr. 
Trumpeter Thomas L. Myers, e. June 

24, 1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Fari'ier Samuel Thompson, e. June 24, 

1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Farrier Peter Talkington, e. June 24, 

1863. 
Saddler James McColm, e. June 24, 1863. 
Wagoner Robert McClaren, e. June 24, 

1863. 
Anderson, John W., e. June 24, 1863. 
Allen, S. W., e. June 24, 1863, captd. at 

Newnan, Ga. 
Adams, H. D., e. July 28, 1863. 
Brees, F., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
Chadd, A. C, e. Aug. 21, 1863. 
Childs, John, e. June 24, 1863, died at 

Nashville. 
Delay, Wm. S., e. June 24, 1863. 
Davis, S. N., e. June 24, 1863. 
Donnelson, Wm. H., e. June 24, 1863, wd. 

at Florence, Ala. 
Davis, Henry, e. July 28, 1863. 
Elmore, David, e. June 24, 1863. 
Elmore, Henderson, e. June 24, 1863. 
Freeman, J. R., e. June 24, 1863. 
Garton, Dan, e. June 24, 1863. 
Gale, Jos. W., e. June 24, 1863. 
Harris, O., e. June 24, 1863, wd. at Flor- 
ence, Ala. 
Hiatt, Oliver, e. June 24, 1863. 
Hiatt, Isaac, e. June 24, 1863. 
Hall, John W., e. June 24, 1863. 
Harmon, Geo., e. June 28, 1863. 
Hubbard, Geo. W., e. June 24, 1863. 
Hardy, John S., e. June 24, 1863. 
Johnson. Henry, e. July 28, 1863, disd. 
April 14, 1865. 



Johnson, Eli, e. June 24, 1863, captd. at 

Newnan. Ga. 
James, Benj. F., e. June 24, 1863. 
Mason, Samuel R., e. June 24, 1863, trans. 

to V. R. C. iSIarch 15, 1864. 
Monroe, J. R. N., e. June 24, 1863. captd. 

at Newnan, (J a. 
Moss, Jacob, e. June 24, 1863. 
Neighbors, E., e. June 24, 1863, died at 

Davenport. 
Neighbors, Jos., e. July 7, 1863, died at 

Sec. 49, N. & N. W. R. R., Tenn. 
Padgett, R., e. June 24, 1863. 
Porter, R. W., e. July 28, 1863, captd. at 

Newnan, Ga. 
Rhoads, Jos., e. July 8, 1863. 
Rowe, Matthew, e. July 28, 1863. 
Rockwood, F. M., e. July 8, 1863. 
Ramsey, John T., e. July 24, 1863. 
Stanley, Wm. H., e. June 24, 1863. 
Shaffer, John, e. June 24, 1863. 
Sweaney, Samuel, e. July 28, 1863, captd. 

at Newnan, Ga. 
Sheeks, D. P., e. June 24, 1863. 
Wood, Jefferson, e. June 24, 1863. 
Wolfard, L. E., e. June 24, 1863. 
Wood, Wm. A., e. July 17, 1863. 
Williams, John, e. July 28, 1863. 

Company H. 

Capt. Madison M. Walden, com. Sept. 30, 

1863, captd. at Newnan, Ga., resd. May 

27, 1865. 
Capt. Wm. T. Ogle, com. 1st lieut. Sept. 

30, 1863, prmtd. capt. June 12, 1865. 
First Lieut. Jefferson D. Brown, e. as 

sergt. Julv 25, 1863, wd. at Newnan, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. Feb. 2, 1865, prmtd 1st 

lieut. June 12, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Benj. Morrison, com. Sept. 

30, 1863, res. March 6. 1864. 
Second Lieut. Columbus N. Udell, e. as 

1st sergt. July 30, 1863, prmtd. 2d lieut. 

March^7, 1864, res. Jan. 28, 1865. 
Second Lieut. Jonathan Harris, e. as 

sergt. Julv 17, 1863, prmtd. 2d lieut. 

June 12, 1865. 
Q. M. Sergt. Daniel F. Pool, e. July 23, '63. 
Com. Sergt. Robt. Goldsljerrv, e. Sept. 2, 

1863. 
Sergt. Noah Lantz, e. .Vug. 22, 1863, wd. 

and captd. at Lovejoy Station, disd. 

June 14, 1865. 
Sergt. T. H. B. Snedeker, e. Aug. 22, 1863. 

captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Corp. L. H. Park, e. July 29, 1863, disd. 

May 26, 1865, disab. 
Corp. James A. Nelson, e. Aug. 23, 1863, 

wd. at Campbellsville, Tenn. 
Corp. Lewis Hall, e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Corp. Thomas McClaskey, e. Aug. 22, 

1863. 
Corp. Jas. W. Wailes, e. Aug. 22, 1863, 

captd, at Newnan, Ga. 
Corp. Jos. F. Smith, e. Aug. 3, 1863, disd. 

March 29, 1864. 
Corp. Geo. M. D. Snead, e. Aug. 22, 1863, 

wd. at Newnan, Ga. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



421 



Trumpeter Jno. Walter, e. Aug. 22, 1863, 

captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Farrier Jiu). McKern, e. Sept. 2, 1863, 
captd. at Newnan, Ga., supposed to have 
died at Florence while prisoner. 
Saddler J as. Abernathy, e. July 27, 1863. 
Barrows, Jas. C, e. July 18, 1863. 
Barrett, David, e. Aug. 22, 1863, captd. at 

Newnan, Ga. 
Brayman, Ewd. B., e. Aug. 22, 1863, captd. 

at Newnan, Ga. 
Britt, Robt., e. July 27, 1863. 
Brown, Richard, e. Sept. 7, 1863. 
Brown, Wm. H., e. 1863, killed at New- 
nan, Ga. 
Coffman, Jas. E., e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Conger, E. G., e. Aug. 4, 1863. 
Corbin, Isaiah, e. July 29, 1863, captd. at 

Newnan, Ga. 
Corporan, Gaines, e. Aug. 1, 1863, captd. 

at Newnan, Ga. 
Cowles, Geo. N., e. July 28, 1863. 
Crow, Jas. P., e. Sept. 7, 1863, killed at 

luka, Miss. 
Danford, T. C, e. Aug. 8, 1863, captd. at 

Newnan, Ga. 
Danford, R. C, e. Aug. 8, 1863, captd. at 

Newnan, Ga. 
Delay, Jos., e. July 20, 1863. 
Edgington, Geo. W.-, e. Aug. 3, 1863, wd. 
Franklin, Ga., disd. May 19, 1865, disab. 
Elliott, Wm.W., wd. and captd. at New- 
nan, Ga. 
Entsminger, J. 
Everman, Wm. F., captd. at Newnan, 

Ga. 
Farnsworth, Eli, captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Frost, Wm. H., captd. at Newnan, Ga. 
Fuell, John W. 

Fuller, John W., e. Aug. 22. 1863. 
Gale, Thomas A., e. Sept. 2, 1863. 
Gardner, W. E., e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Gordon, Howard, e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Gorrel, Oliver, e. Aug. 3, 1863. 
Hickman, Daniel, e. July 30, 1863. 
Ilighlan, Peter, e. Sept. 7, 1863, died at 

Macon, Ga. 
Hollingsworth, A. G., e. July 3, 1863. 
Jlolshliouser, Geo., e. Aug. 22, 1863, captd. 

at Xewnan, Ga. 
Hubler, C. e. July 28. 1863. 
JJnton, A., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
J.ove, Jos. II., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
Lynch, Jas., e. Aug. 17, 1863. 
Masters, W., e. Aug. 15, 1863, captd. at 

>.'ewnan, Ga. 
Melson, F. G., e. Aug. 8, 1863. 
Miller, A. M., e. Aug. 3, 1863. 
Moore, M. L., e. Aug. 23, 1863. 
Packard, J. B., e. Aug. 15, 1863. 
Putnam, Wm., e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Reed, B. F., e Aug. 15, 1863. 
Roby, I. O., e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Sayres, John D., e. Aug. 22, 1863. 
Smead, Z., e. Aug. 7, 1863. 
Stanton, B. G., e. July 29, 1863. 
Stimpson, J. R., e. xVug. 1, 1863. 
Still, Wm. K., e. Aug. 4, 1863. 



Tucker, H. C, e. Sept. 7, 1863. 
Wailes, T. J., e. Sept. 2, 1863. 

Company L. 

Q. M. S. ('. N. Ilinkle, e. July 24, 1863. 
Sergt. Harrison West, e. July 3, 1863, 

trans, to V. R. C. March 29, 1864. 
Corp. A. Lepper, e. July 11, 1863, wd. and 

died at Cassville, Ga. 
Adams, John C., e. July 23, 1863, disd. 

Dec. 12, 1864, disab. 
Clme, A. J., e. July 21, 1863, disd. Nov. 25, 

1863, disab. 
Fitzpatrick, e. July 3, 1863. 
Frost, Edmond, e. Aug. 1, 1863. 
Flowers, Jos., e. July 28, 1863. 
Lewis, Jos., e. Aug.l, 1863. 
Morris, Jas. IL, e. Julv 8, 1863. 
Rice, John W., e. Aug\ 15, 1863. 
Rice, David F., e. Aug. 22, 1863, captd. at 

Kingston, Ga. 
Rice, Wm. F.,e. Aug. 28, 1863. 
Singley, John A., e. July 4, 1863. 

(C03IPANY UNKNOWN.) 

Clark, Jacob, e. Dec. 8, 1863. 

SOl'THERN BORDER BRIGADE, 
SECOND BATTALION. 

[Note — Casuallies and muster out of regiment are not 
given in Adjutant General's Report.] 

Company B. 

Capt. Elisha D. Skinner, com. Oct. 6, 1862. 
Lieut. Grant S. Stansberry, com. Oct. 7, 

1862. 
Anderson, Jas. P., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Anderson, John W.. e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Bramhall, Wm., e. Oct. 12, 1862. 
Britton, John R., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Baldwin. Wm. A., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Barrett, Jas. S., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Cormican, Jas., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Conger, Mark, e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Cooksey, C, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Cooksey, J., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Demoss, Wm., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Edwards, Daniel, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Edwards, Louis, e. Oct. 7. 1862. 
Ewing, Jas., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
EUedge, Harvey, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Elam, Socrates, e. Oct. 17, 1862. 
Findlay, A., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Freeborn, John, e. Oct. 7. 1862. 
Hiffner, Aug., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Highland, Peter, e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Harris, Enoch, e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Horn, Isaiah, e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Horn, John, e. Oct. 18, 1802. 
Korn, Samuel, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Klenkenbeard, J., e. Oct. 8, 1862. 
Lvnch. Wm., e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Lambert, L., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Morrow, Robert, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
McFadden, W.. e. Oct. 7, ]862. 
Murray, Jesse E., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Marlow, Eli, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 



422 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



McCaskey, Robert, e. Oct. 7. 1862. 
Morrow. Wni., e. Oct. 7, 18(53. 
McColm, James, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Nelson, James, e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Oden, Thomas, e. Oct. 8, 1862. 
Pickham, John D., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Payne, John, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Points, Arthur, e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Purdom, Beni.. e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Ratchford, Alex., e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Skinner, Henry, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 
Skipton, Elijah, e. Oct. 18. 1862. 
Stephenson, Wm., e. Oct. 8, 1862. 
Steeth, Caleb, e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Williams, John, e. Oct. 8, 1862. 
Wardlow, R., e. Oct. 18, 1862. 
Yarnall, Tthamar, e. Oct. 7, 1862. 

SECOND CAVALRY, MISSOURI 
STATE MILITIA. 

Company B, 

Capt. Jas. W. Edwards, com. Jan. 1, 1862. 
Q. M. S. Thomas Rogers, e. Feb. 1, 1862. 
Sergt. Wm. Edwards, e. Jan. 4, 1862. 
Craig, Victor, e. Feb. 10, 1862, disd. July 

22, 1863. 
Gragg, Samuel, e. Jan. 1. 1862. 
Gragg, Job, e. Jan. 1, 1862. 
Ilornback, Jacob, e. Jan. 1, 1862. 
Rye, John, e. Jan. 1, 1862. 
Stevens. Thomas, e. Jan. 1, 1862. 
Stevens; Jas. V., e. Feb. 1, 1862. 
Thompson, Wm., e. Jan. 1, 1862. 

Company C. 

Second Lieut. Wm. Law, com. March 10, 

1862. prmtd. 1st lieut. 
First Sergt. Jas. G. West, e. March 10, 1862, 

prmtd. 2d lieut. 
Corp. Wm. W. Brown, e. March 10, 1862, 

deserted. 
Corp. John R. Frost, e. Marcli 10, 1862. 
Cline, John J., e. March 10, 1862, disd. Oct. 

30, 1863. 
Gale, Samuel M., e. March 10, 1862, prmtd. 

corp. 
Moore, Chas., e. March 10, 1862. 
Thompson, D., e. March 10, 1862. 

EIGHTEENTH MISSOURI IN- 
FANTRY. 

Company D. 

Rigler. John, e. Sept. 27, 1861, died June 
25, 1863. 

Company C. 
Peterson, Cornelius, disd. Oct. 17, 1862. 

Company I. 

Sergt Caleb Wells, e. Oct. 17, 1861, died a 
prisoner of war May 17, 1862. 

Corp. Charles M. Skinner, e. Sept. 17, 1863. 

Bacchus, Sanford, e. Sept. 2, 1861, died 
Dec. 15, 1861. 

Cavanaugh, G. W., e. Sept. 27, 1861, 
deserted Oct.30, 1861. 



Cooksey, Claiborn, e. Sept. 17, 1861, de- 
serted Se])t. 28, 1861. 

Cool, Hendrix, e. Oct. 17. 1861. 

Korn, Leander, e. Oct. 17, 1861. 

Korn, L. B., e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. Oct. 3, 
1862. 

Maples, J. I., e. Sept. 15, 1861, died at New 
Albany, Ind. 

Mercer, Henry, e. Oct. 16, 1861. 

Mercer, Samuel, e. Oct. 7, 1861, died May 
6, 1862. 

Roarer, Daniel, e. Sept. 21, 1861, disd. July 
8, 1862. 

Sharp, J. E., e. Sept. 17, 1861, disd. Aug. 
10, 1862. 

Sterret, Johnston, e. Oct. 17, 1861. died 
June 30, 1862. 

Thompson, William, e. Sept. 14, 1861, de- 
serted Oct. 3, 1861. 

TWENTY-FIRST MISSOURI IN- 
FANTRY. 

Company G. 

Corp. Wm. H. Pulliam, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 

disd. June 27, 1862. 
Bates, M. W., e. Oct. 25, 1861. 
Carr, Richard, e. Oct. 25, 2861. 
Commons, Henry, e. Dec. 1, 1862. 
Cummings, Alonzo, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 
Davie, C. C, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 
Knapp, J. M., e. Oct. 1, '61, disd. fordisab. 
Knapp, W. A., e. Oct. 1, 1861. 
Lamar, Trusten, e. Oct. 25, 1861, deserted 

Dec. 1, 1862. 
McCune, Robert, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 
Masterson, C, e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. Nov. 

3, 1863, disal). 
Masterson, J. W., e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. 

June 13, 1862, disab. 
Miller, W. C, e. Sept. 1, 1861. 
Pitts, Peter, e. Oct. 25, 1861. 
Seals, A. J., e. Dec. 25, 1861,kld.atShiloh. 
Sheeks, G. W., e. Dec. 15. 1861. 
Watts, Elihu, e. Oct. 25, 1861, wd. at Shiloh, 

disd. Dec. 15, 1862. 
Watts, John, e. Oct. 25, 1861, disd. June 

16, 1862, disab. 

Company H. 

Jones, J. L., e. Jan. 11, 1862. 
Lewis, J. M., e. Jan. 24, 1862, missed at 
Shiloh. 

SIXTH KANSAS CAVALRY. 

[Note. — Date of musUr-o%U of regiment U not given in the 
A({}ulant General's report.] 

Company B. 

Capt. E. E. Harvey, e. Aug. 12, 1862. 
First Lieut. Jacob Morehead, e. Aug. 

12, 1862. 
Second Lieut. R. R. McQuire, e. Aug. 

12, 1862. 
First Sergt. S. D. Harris, e. Aug. 12, 1862, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. 
Sergt. J. II. McCabe, e. Aug. 12, 1862, disd. 

Oct. 23, 1863, disab. 




;' ' \^. 



CENTERVILLE 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



425 



Sergt. J. H. Asher, e. Aug. 13, 1863. 
Sergt. G. W. Farnswortli, e. Aug. 13, 1863, 

prmtd. 1st. lieut. 
Sergt. R.F. Riuker, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Corp. John Crowder, e. Aug. 13, 1861, disd. 

Jan. 5, 1863, disab. 
Corp. W. W. Lockard, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Corp John W. JSIiller, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Corp. Noali M. Scott, e. Aug. 13. 1861. 
Corp. E. L. Parker, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Corp. Addison Pendergast, e. Aug. 13, 

1861. 
Corp. William Bell, e. Aug. 13, 1861, disd. 

Oct. 3, 1861, disab. 
Corp. T. C McCauley, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Musician Samuel Ball, e. Aug. 13, 1861, 

trans, to 5th Kan. 
Musician M. L. Maddox, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Allen, D. H., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Al)l)0t, Groves, e. Aug. 13, 1861, trans, to 

5th Kansas Inf. 
Arrison, E. R., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Bryan, J. W., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Buck, Sylvester, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Belvail, Samuel, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Boston, Cyrus, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Barrett, John, e. Aug. 13. 1861. 
Barl)er. W. E., e. Aug. 13, 1861, disd. Oct. 

5, 1861, disab. 
Beamer, H. C, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Barchus, William, e. Aug. 13, 1861, died 

Sept. 11, 1863. 
Cline, AVashington, e. Aug. 13, 1861, trans. 

to 5th Kan. 
Curtis, G. W., e. June 13, 1863. 
Davis, W. B., e. Aug. 13, 1861, died Oct. 

38, 1861. 
Davis, E. H., e. Aug. 13. 1861, kid. May 15, 

1863, at J ackson. Mo. 
Farnsworth, John, e. March 7, 1863. 
Fox, William, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Fugua, R. F., e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Grass, John, e. Aug. 13, 1861, disd. Jan. 5, 

1863, disab. 
Gelman, Arthur, e. Aug. 1861. 
Golds) )urg, John, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Gilman, E., e. Aug. 13, 1861, died June 

5, 1863. 
Gregsl)v, William, e. Aug. 13, 1861, died 

Oct. 30, 1861. 
Glass, E., e. Aug. 13. 1861, disd. Jan. 5, 

1863, disab. 
Harrison, T. C, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Hawkins, D. H., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Hamlin, Thomas, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Hercules, W. T., e. Aug. 13. 1861. 
Hinton, Marion, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
Innman, X.. e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Jennings, E. T., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
.Tackson, C. R., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Jackson, Alex., e. Aug. 13. 1861. 
Kiser, Adam, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Kellogg, Hiram, e. Aug. 13, 1861, trans, to 

5th Kansas. 
Lee, W. G., e. Aug. 13, 1851. 
Lowery, J. C, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 



Lewallen, X. J., e. May 30, 1863. 
LeGrand, T. G., e. Aug. 13, 1861, deserted 

Oct. 18, 1863. 
McCord, Jos., e. July 17, 1861, died at Ft. 

Scott, Kan. 
McCord, John, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
McDonald, D. P., e. Aug. 13, 1861, disd 

Oct. 23, 1863, disab. 
Mcl.ain, P. B., e. Aug. 13, 1861, disd. Oct. 

33, 1863, disab. 
McGuire, Geo., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Morris, Wm. W., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Morris, Henry, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
McCord, Andrew, e. Aug. 53, 1861 
Manning, E., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Manning, Wm. J., e. Aug. 13, 1861 
Xash, Wm., e. Aug. 12, 1861, disd. Oct. 33, 

1863, disab. 
Norwood, W. W., e. Aug. 13, 1861 
Owens, William T., e. Aug. 13, 1861, kid 

September 19, 1863, at Hickory Grove 

Mo. 
Orill, Allison, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Paite, M., e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Pettit, Allen G., e. Aug. 13. 1861. 
Parker, John G., e. March 34, 1863. 
Pendergast, John, e. Aug. 13, 1861 

^'on^^o'/^- ^^- ®- ^^"^- ^^' 1*^^!' disd. July 
30, 1863, to accept a eonnnission 

Paite, David, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Rinker, Geo. W., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Roy, Isaiah, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Roop, Geo. W., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Root, Albert, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 

Rinker, O. C. e. Aug. 12, 1861. 

Root, Geo. R., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Slavens, J. H., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Stewart, Amos, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Smith, Wm. A., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Strickland, Elmore, e. Aug. 13, 1861 

Sidles, Peter, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 

Sigler, Peter, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Simmons, Richard, e. Sept. 16, 1861 

Tucker. H. C, e. Aug. 13, 1861, disd. Jan. 
5, 1863, disab. 

Teater, C. M., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 

Teater, L., e. Aug. 1, 1863. 

Thurber, M., e. Aug. 13, 1861, deserted 
Nov. 14, 1863. 

Tucker, C. C, e. Aug. 13, 1861, died July 

Teater, P. R., e. Aug. 13, 1861, died Sept. 

35, 1861. 
Walden, Samuel, e. Sept. 16, 1861. 
Wriglit, Jas. R., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Whitliam, John W., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Woltinger, Jas., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Westfall, W. W., e. Aug. 13, 1861, disd. 

April 35, 1863, disal). 
Wood, John B., e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
Wilson, A. J., e. Aug. 12, 1861, kid. at 

Jackson, Mo. 
Wolfinger, S., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Zentz, J. B., e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Zimmerman, Jolin, e. Aug. 13, 1861. 
Zimmerman, Geo., e. Aug. 12, 1861. 



426 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 
Second Infantry. 

('apt. John Wesley Scott, e. as Corp. May 

6, 1861, prmtd. 2d lieut. Nov. 13, 1863, 

prmtd. 1st lieut. April 3, 1863, prmtd. 

capt. 3(1 Vet. Inf. Dec. 12, 1864, m. o. 

July 18, 1865. 
Corp. Robert B. Vermilyea, e. May 6, 

1861, m. o. June 18, 1864. 
Buckmaster, E., e. May 6, 1861, disd. Dec. 

21, 1861. 
Park, Simpson, e. May 6, 1861, died 

April 30, 1862. 
Phillips, S. B., e. May 6, 1861, died Nov. 

33, 1861. 
Staley, Daniel W., e. May 6, 1861, died 

Oct. 13, 1861: 
Strunk, Daniel J., e. May 6, 1861, m. o. 

June 18, 1864. 

Eighth Infantry. 

Corp. John II. Dougherty, e. Aug. 10, 1861, 

disd. Feb. 15, 1862. 
Corp. John Haver, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o. 

April 30. 1866. 
Davis, Isaac, e. Aug. 10, 1861, trans, to 1st 

Neb. Regt. Dec. 31, 1861. 
Duncan, John, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o. April 

20, 1866. 
Oarrett, Reuben, e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o. 

April 30, 1866. 
Haver, Geo., e. Aug. 10, 1861, vet. Jan. 1, 

1864, captd. at Memphis. 
Jackson. Joshua, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disd. 

Feb. 15, 1863. 
Mickey, Isaac, e. Aug. 10, 1861, disd. March 

1, 1863, disab. 

Fourteenth Infantry. 

Buckmaster, Chas. 

Fifteenth Infantry. 

Houts, Orrin F., e. Nov. 1, 1861, m. o. 
Nov. 16, 1864. 

Sixteenth Infantry. 

Ilarl, Chas. F., e. Feb. 13, 1862, mortally 
wd. at Corinth, died Oct. 11, 1862. 

Twenty-fifth Infantry. 

Musician Albert Benson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, 

m. 0. June 6, 1865. 
Train, Isaac N., e. Aug. 31, 1863, m. o. 

June 6, 1865. 

Twenty-ninth Infantry. 

F. Maj. Oliver AVilliams, e. Aug. 9, 1862, 
m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 

Thirtieth Infantry. 

Bryant, Robert M., e. Aug. 9, 1863, m. o. 

June 5, 1865. 
Corp. John W. Law, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. 

o. June 5, 1865. 



Gardiner, Elijah, e. July 30, 1862, m. o. 
June 5, 1865. 

Thirty-fourth Infantry. 

Clark, William A., e. Aug. 13, 1862, disd. 

March 16, 1863, disab. 
Larkin, Chas. W., e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. 

Aug. 15, 1865. 

Thirty-ninth Infantry. 

Musician M. M. Boyer, e. Sept. 21, 1862. 
m. 0. June 5, 1865. 

Forty-fourth Infantry. 

Asst. Surg. John II. Rassell, com. May 
28, 1864, m. o. Sept. 15, 1864. 

Forty-fifth Infantry. 

Sergt. Win. ]\r. Reid, e. May 10, 1864, m. o. 
Sept. 16, 1864. 

Forty-eighth infantry. 

Brees, Wm. H., e. June 15, 1864, m. o. 

Oct. 31, 1864. 
Van Kirk, Henry, e. June 11, 1864, m. o. 

Oct. 31, 1864. 

First Cavalry. 

Bessey, Chas., e. June 24, 1863, m. o. Feb. 

15, 1866. 

Fourth Cavalry- 
Carson, Jas. M., e. Oct. 8, 1861, died May 

30, 1864. 
Ogden, II. B., e. Oct. 9, 1861, vet. Dec. 19, 

1863, m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 
Cafferty, Geo, e. Nov. 14, 1861, m. o- Aug. 

10, 1865. 

Dotson, John, e. Nov. 14, 1861, vet. Dec. 

11, 1863, m. o. Aug. 10, 1865. 

Swain, Wm., e. Nov. 14, 1861, died Aug. 

28, 1863. 
Fullerton. W., e. Nov. 14, 1861, vet. Dec. 

19, 1863, died Jan. 16, 1865. 
Brotherton, M. V. B., vet. Jan. 1, 1864, m. 

o. Aug. 10, 1865. 

Fifth Veteran Cavalry. 

Corp. Elijah Atkinson, e. Sept. 21, 1861, 
vet. Jan. 1, 1864, missing. 

Ninth Cavalry. 

Branchcome, D., e. Oct. 4, 1863, trans, to 

V. R. C. 
Gouldsbury, ( 'yrus, e. Oct. 1, 1863, m. o. 

Feb. 3, 1866. ' 
Griffith, M. B., e. Oct. 7, 1863, m. o. Feb. 

3, 1866. 
Smith, Jas. W., e. April 18, 1864. m. o. 

Feb. 3, 1866. 
Shannon, Jos. O., e. April 18, 1864, m. o. 

Feb. 3, 1863. 

Artillery, Second Battery. 

Flock, George E., e. Nov. 23, 1864, m. o. 
Aug. 7, 1865. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



427 



First Cavalry — Missouri State 
Militia. 

("orp. Wm. Stinson, e. Feb. 15, 1862, disd. 

June 27, disab. 
Benner, Frederick, e. Feb. 3, 1862, disd. 

Dec. 2, 1862. 

Third Missouri Cavalry. 

Matherly, John. e. Marcli 22, 1862. 
Matherlv, Wisely, e. Dec. 3, 1861. 
Taylor, Abner, e. Oct. 12, 1862, prmtd. to 
Corp. 



Tenth Kansas In^ Ttry. 

Ball, Samuel, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 
Maddax, Martin, e. Aug. 12, 1861. 

Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry. 

Gordon, Allen, e. Aug. 9, 1861. 

One Hundred and Eighteenth 
Illinois infantry. 

Reed, Benj. F., e. Aug. 18, 1862. 



For four years and more, the note of the fife and drum and bugle and the 
tramp of armed hosts were continuously heard, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
from the Gulf of Mexico to British North America, and the clash of arms was 
borne northward on every breeze from the sunny but blood-drenched plains of 
the South. For four years and more, " grim-visaged war" had waved its crim- 
son banners over the fair fabric the fathers had erected, in a vain endeavor to 
hurl it from its foundations. In this terrible and gigantic struggle, Appanoose 
had borne its full part ; and many a brave volunteer from its beautiful prairies 
had laid his life on the battle-field, or starved to death in the rebel slaughter- 
pens at Andersonville and Macon, 

But now, Sherman and his " brave boys in blue " had made their memor- 
able and historic march to the sea ; Lee had surrendered to the victorious army 
of the Union under Grant ; the war was ended ; peace restored ; the Union 
preserved in its integrity, and the patriotic sons of Appanoose who were spared 
to witness the final victory of the armies of the Union, returned to their homes 
to receive grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who 
had eagerly and jealously and anxiously watched and followed them wherever 
the varying fortunes of war had called them. 

Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dresfe, most of them fell 
back to their old avocations — on the farm, in the mines, at the forge, the bench, 
in the shop, in the office, or at whatever else their hands found to do. Their 
noble deeds, in the hour of their country's peril, are now and always will be 
dear to the hearts of the people whom they so faithfully served. Brave men 
are always honored, and no class of citizens are entitled to greater respect than 
the brave volunteers of Appanoose County, not simply because they were 
soldiers, but because, in their association with their fellow-men, their walk is 
upright, and their character and honesty without reproach. 

Their country first, their glory and their pride ; 
Land of their hopes — land where their fathers died ; 
When in the right, they'll keep their honor briglit; 
When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right. 

The wondrous deeds of daring and glorious achievements of the Army of the 
Union, during the great war of the rebellion, will always be dearly cherished 
by all patriotic hearts. Yet there were scenes, incidents and accidents, the 
memory of which will shade with sadness the bright reflections engendered by 
the contemplation of a heroism, devotion and sacrifice the like of which the 
world never saw before. But the memory of those who fell in the stupendous 
struggle is still familiar to the present people of Appanoose County ; but fifty 
years hence, when the fathers and mothers of to-day shall have passed on to 
their eternal home, they will be remembered by posterity more as matters of 
tradition than of absolute written history. 



428 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

THE MONUMENT. 

The beautiful marble shaft in the southwest part of the public square in 
Centerville, deserves a few words of mention here. The first inception of the 
project for building a monument to the memory of the fallen volunteers of 
Appanoose, was due to the forethought and public spirit of R. Stephenson, Jr., 
J. B. Maring, D. D. Sturgeon, C. N. Udell, J. F. Stephenson, C. N. Henkle, 
Ed Lane, Miss Hattie Wilson, Miss Emma Shanks and Miss Sallie Shanks, 
who formed a dramatic association in the winter of 1865-66, for the purpose of 
beginning a monument fund. 

On account of a great revival in progress in Centerville, the intended exhi- 
bitions were postponed from time to time until March, during Avhich month 
the club appeared four times to crowded houses, and twice in April. The 
net result of these exhibitions was gratifyingly large, but not much more was 
done toward advancing the project till February, 1867, when a call for a public 
meeting to push the measure was made by Elder Sevey, Judge Tannehill, C. 
H. Howell, D. M. Rice, Jacob Rummel, J. A. Breazeale, Isaac S. Adams, C. 
HoUingsworth, D. L. Strickler, S. M. Moore, William Bradley, B. Adamson, 
Gen. Drake, J. R. Wooden, D. C. Campbell and J. Lankford. By means of this 
call, a county organization was effected, and a director was appointed for each 
township. A meeting was again held January 8, 1868, at which time it was 
reported that $171.25 had been collected, and |4I3 pledged in addition. John 
Huo-hes was elected President ; Col. J. F. Walden, Vice President ; Jacob 
Rummel, Secretary ; C. H. Howell, Treasurer. It was resolved at this meet- 
ing to accomplish the end originally proposed ; and during that year the funds 
were pledged, and in the winter of 1868-69 the contract was let for the con- 
struction of the monument. 

The work was completed and the monument set up about July 4, 1869, and 
the oration was pronounced by Gen. J. B. Weaver, of Bloomfield, as part of the 
immense celebration on that day. 

The shaft stands at the southwest side of the public square, and is about 
twenty -two feet high. The first three bases are of limestone, each one some- 
thino- over a foot in thickness. The fourth base is of marble. The die is 
about two and a half feet square at the bottom, and four feet high. On the 
southwest face of the die is the inscription, " Union Soldiers' Monument, erected 
July 4, 1869," while on the three other faces are carved the names of the dead 
heroes of Appanoose. The plinth is about two feet square, ornamented with 
lily work. The spire is six feet high, and perfectly plain, except bearing the 
national coat-of-arms on the southwest face. The cap is about two and a half 
feet square, and of corresponding height. On this rests an urn of suitable 
proportions. The design is severely plain, but the monument is admirably pro- 
portioned, and is an object which at once attracts the eye of a stranger. Its 
cost was about $2,000. ^^^ soldiers' re-union. 

The following account of the Re-union of the soldiers of the war of the 
rebellion, at Centerville, on the 22d and 23d of August, 1878, is compiled 
from the graphic narrative published in the Centerville Citizen, which has been 
courteously placed at the disposal of the historian by its writer, W. 0. 
Crosby, Esq. : 

At an early hour on the 22d, the people began to pour in from all directions 
to attend the Re-union, and all day large numbers were constantly added, as the 
various trains arrived, and by noon the town was full of people, and also the 
camp-ground. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 429 

The town was decked in flags — hardly a business house or private residence 
in the city was without them. Fhigs were here, there and everywhere. A 
stranger would certainly conclude that the people of Centerville were patriotic, 
from the display of bunting. It Avas but an outward demonstration of what 
a live town can and will do. 

At 5 A. M., a national salute was fired by Col. Phillips, of the First Illi- 
nois Artillery, in charge of that arm of the service. The old veteran heroes 
of many a march and battle assembled early at the camp-ground, and such a 
handshaking as was indulged in, as old comrades met, was of itself sufficient 
to prove that soldiers at least have hearts. 

The forenoon was spent in organization and the renewal of old acquaint- 
ances. The artillerymen, cavalrymen and infantrymen each assembled and 
organized for drill and sham battle ; while the Mexican war veterans and the 
Gray-Beards organized themselves into a social circle, and the stories they told 
were wonderful and full of interest. 

In the afternoon, there was artillery-firing and other music, while the crowd 
was assembling. At 2 o'clock, at least three or four thousand people gathered 
at the speaking-stand. The Re-union was then formally opened, Hon. M. M. 
Walden as Commandant, and the following programme of the temporary 
organization carried out : Prayer by Chaplain G. R. Murray ; music by the 
choir, "From Atlanta to the Sea;" address of welcome, by Hon. M. M. 
Walden. 

The management of the Re-union was then turned over, by the Executive 
Committee, to the veterans in attendance. The Re-union then proceeded to 
the election of officers, with the following result : Commander-in-Chief, Capt. 
James Turner, of Unionville, Mo., late Sixth Iowa Infantry; Adjutant, Capt. 
J. M. Porter, of Albia, Thirty-sixth Iowa Infantry ; Aides-de-Camp, Capt. R. 
F. Lyttle, One Hundred and Third Illinois Infantry; and Capt. H. H. Wright, 
Sixth Iowa Infantry. 

Addresses, interspersed with the singing of old camp-songs, were delivered 
by Hon, M. M. Walden and Chaplain Kirkland, of the Tenth Wisconsin 
Infantry. These exercises were followed by drills of artillery, cavalry and 
infantry ; and a cavalry charge upon the artillery, during which some lively 
riding and quick firing were done; the afternoon's performance winding up 
with a dress-parade. 

The performance of the troops was excellent, the boys very readily falling 
into the ways of years ago. From their actions, there was no need to be told 
that they were veterans. And thus ended the afternoon's programme, with 
nobody hurt and everybody well entertained and happy. 

In the evening, the boys again assembled in force at the stand and held an 
impromtu experience-meeting, which was the most enjovable and enthusiastic 
affair it was ever our good-fortune to witness. Old battles were fought over, 
old marches recalled, old songs sung, and such singing ! It seemed as if each 
one in the vast audience vied with the other in singing the loudest, making the 
woods echo and the old camp-ground ring again as we have not before heard 
since the days of 1861 to 1865. "John Brown "was the favorite, and repeated 
again and again ; while " Tramp, Tramp" came in for a good second. 

Ringing speeches, full of the fire of true patriotism and soldierly grit, ten- 
derness and enthusiasm, were made by Hon. Joel Brown, of Edina, Mo., Fifth 
Iowa Infantry; Hon. J. T. Young, Secretary of State, Thirty-sixth Iowa; 
William Brown, of Wayne County, Forty-seventh Illinois Infimtry ; Hon. B. 
R. Sherman, Auditor of State, Thirteenth Iowa Infantry : Hon. Samuel J. 



430 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Kirkwood, the old War-Governor, who so well deserves to rank with the veterans 
and hold a warm place in their affections ; Gen. F. M. Drake, Judge Robert 
Sloan, Capt. T. M. Fee and Capt. W. F. Vermilion, Thirty-sixth Iowa. And 
never were speeches made to a more appreciative audience. Very frequent 
were the expressions of approval, and intensely demonstrative the hearty and 
oft-repeated applause, while the old woods rang again and again with tremen- 
dous peals of laughter; and finally the meeting was brought to a close at 11 
o'clock, when three cheers were given for the Re-union, three for the old vet- 
erans, three for Grant and Sherman, three and a "tiger" for the old War-Gov- 
ernor, and three for the pigs and chickens stolen in Dixie. 

The seconc[ day of the Re-union opened with an appearance of rain, but 
soon cleared away, and at an early hour the people began to arrive from every 
direction, and, long before noon, the camp, the grove and the town were over- 
flowing with the largest crowd ever assembled in this portion of the State. 
Estimates of the number range all the way from ten thousand to twenty-five 
thousand, and it is impossible to give any accurate estimate of the number here. 

The old veterans, large numbers of whom had been in camp over night, as- 
sembled early for drill, and the way they marched and counter-marched brought 
back old times and old associations. 

At 10:30 A. M., five or six thousand people assembled at the stand to listen 
to an address by Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood, the old War-Governor of Iowa, 
and for over an hour he held the vast audience by the power of his eloquence. 
His speech recalled many anecdotes and incidents connected with Iowa soldiers, 
and disclosed many of the things enacted behind the scenes. The address was 
full of patriotic fire and good council, and all uttered in the brave, outspoken 
manner so peculiar to the grand old hero. 

In the afternoon, speeches were again in order, and good ones were made 
by Col. Sampson, Fifth Iowa; Col. Hammond, Tenth Iowa; Maj. Sherman, 
Thirteenth Iowa; S. B. Downing, Third Missouri Mounted Volunteers, war 
with Mexico ; and letters were read from Col. Noble, Third Iowa Cavalry ; 
Gov. Gear; Maj. Hamilton, Thirty-sixth Iowa, and others. 

The old battle-flags of the Sixth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Thirty-sixth 
Infantry, and of the Third, Seventh and Eighth Cavalry regiments were pres- 
ent, and gave their influence to bring back the grand achievements of the 
brave boys who carried them to glorious victory. 

At 3 P. M., the veterans formed and marched to the sham-battle ground, 
situated southeast of town, where all could obtain an uninterrupted view. The 
opposing forces were arranged, and, at the signal, the battle commenced. The 
roar of the artillery was interspersed with the rattle of the skirmish-line, and 
then came the volleys of musketry and the charge of cavalry, and ,thus the 
battle waged for over an hour, the adverse sides alternately advancing and 
retreating, only to re-iorm and re-advance to drive their opponents back again. 
The battle was well managed throughout, under command of Capt. James 
Turner, Commander-in-Chief; Col. J. C. Phillips, commanding the artillery, 
and Col. J. D. Jenks, commanding the cavalry. 

While in the midst of the engagement, a sad accident occurred at one of 
the guns, the premature discharge of which deprived comrade A. R. Babb of 
his right arm, tearing it olf below the elbow. He was filling the post of No. 1, 
and was engaged in ramming home the wad, when the piece was discharged. 
His hand was blown completely off" and carried several hundred yards, while 
the ramrod was carried to a distant part of the field. This sad accident cast 
a gloom over all, and shortly the battle was brought to a close. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 431 

In the evening, the boys again assembled around the stand and had a regu- 
lar old-fashioned experience-meeting. Many good speeches were made and 
songs sung. The most interesting event of the evening was the speech by 
William Crow, of Company D, Sixth Iowa. He had present the drum carried 
by Charley Stratton and the rifle carried by George Black, and, with these 
witnesses to the heroism of fallen comrades for a text, he made a speech full of 
sympathetic pathos, which brought tears to the eyes of all ; and under its influ- 
ence, all the old veterans present gathered around the stand and indulged in a 
love-feast which surpassed anything ever before witnessed in this country. 
After continuing these experiences until 11 o'clock, the meeting dispersed. 
And thus ended the Re-union, an occasion which will ever be remembered by 
those who took part in it ; an occasion which has renewed and given new life 
to the patriotic impulses which actuated the boys to give up all and to risk all in 
defense of the dear old flag. 

THE PRESS. 

Appanoose Chieftain. — This was the first venture in journalism in Appa- 
noose County, its hardy projectors being two young men named Fairbrother, 
who, on the receipt of a suitable honus collected in Centerville and vicinity, and 
a further sum in advance payments on subscriptions, established a paper at 
Centerville, in 1857, bearing the above name. It was a six-column-folio sheet, 
independent in politics. The Fairbrothers got tired of this easy way of making 
a fortune, and went West in about six months. They were succeeded as pub- 
lishers by Al. and George Binkley, who continued the Chieftain as a Demo- 
cratic paper for about two years, when W. P. Gill bought the concern. The 
publishers of 1878 would turn green with envy at the sight of the County 
Judge's entry of October 30, 1860, who, on that day allowed Mr. Gill, |1,332, 
as remuneration for publishing the tax-list in that year. Shortly after this bit 
of business, Mr. Gill took in a partner, who remained a while, after which Mr. 
Gill failed, and went to Burlington, where he worked as a compositor for a year 
or two, then returned to Centerville and died of consumption. He sold his ma- 
terial to G. N. Udell, who published the paper from about January, 1863, till 
some time in 1864, when the paper was merged into another concern, having 
run about seven years without any long breaks, the only interruptions being 
when the stock of the paper would run out. and another supply depended on 
the weather and the roads. 

LoyalCitizen. — This paper was started in 1864, by D. L. Strickler, on second- 
hand material, who, soon after its establishment, bought out the Cliieftain and 
merged the rival interests into one. Not being anxious for either immortality 
or wealth, Strickler sold the business to M. M. Walden, in 1865, in whose hands 
the paper was built up in revenue and reputation, until it became justly regarded 
as a leading Republican paper. While connected with the Citizen^ Mr. Walden 
became Lieutenant Governor in 1869, and soon after was elected to Congress, 
where he served one term ; but Washington life was little to his taste, and he 
gladly retired to the editor's desk. A power-press was added to the ofiice in 
1872, and an engine two years later. In November, 1874, Mr. Walden sold 
the property to W. 0. Crosby and Mr. Merritt, who still continue as owners 
under the firm name of W. 0. Crosby & Co. (These gentlemen have approved 
themselves competent, industrious and judicious journalists, and the Citizen is 
regarded at home with pride, and abroad with respect. Before leaving the sub- 
ject of the Citizen, it should be mentioned that in 1874, W. 0. Crosby & Co. 



432 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

started the Centerville Times^ which was merged into the former paper when it 
was purchased by them. 

Tlie Journal. — The first effort to establish a Democratic newspaper was by 
John Gharkey, who came to Centerville in the spring of 1865, with the material 
of the Fayette County Pioneer, a paper he had established in 1853. John is 
an eccentric newspaper man, and his politics during the war did not fit the com- 
munity in which he lived, though he had one gleam of good luck, May 25, 1863. 
Seven returned soldiers broke into his ofiice that night, pied a lot of type, and 
injured his press. The next afternoon, the angry Democracy of Fayette County 
held a meeting at the Court House in West Union, which lasted until late in 
the evening. Resolutions were adopted denunciatory of the lawless act, and a 
big contribution made to repair the damage, and, says one who attended, " I 
never saw money offered so freely in my life." But Gharkey found, after nearly 
two years, that he could not maintain his "grip" in Fayette County, and so 
came here. His paper was called the South loiva Times, and was continued 
nearly a year, when he removed to Memphis, Mo., which has ever since been 
his home. The Centerville Clipper was established in 1870, by the Hickman 
Brothers, who continued its publication about a year, when they sold to a Mr. 
Holcomb, in whose hands it suspended toward the end of 1872. In 1874, H. 
S. Ehrman restored the paper to life, and continued its publication quite suc- 
cessfully till 1877, when he sold to J. L. Harvey, the present owner, who 
changed the heading of the paper to the Journal, and who, by the peculiar 
mutations of politics is now in the enjoyment of a fine business. 

Centerville Tribune. — In 1876, D. A. Spooner purchased the material of a 
defunct newspaper at Corydon, removed it to Centerville and began the pub- 
lication of the Times. Having amassed a fortune therefrom in the space of a 
year, he sold the concern to Hon. M. M. Walden, who rechristened it the 
Tribune. The paper is steadily growing in favor, and will, no doubt, obtain a 
good business, as its editor is widely and favorably known, and is, withal, one 
of the best editors in the State. The office is conveniently located in the base- 
ment under the Farmers' National Bank. 

Moulton Independent. — This paper was started in 1870, by J. B. King, who 
continued its publication with reasonable success for about three years, when he 
sold it to Edwards & Porter, who held the helm for one year. It then passed 
into the hands of a Mr. Bolster for another year, who in turn transferred it to 
Post & Atkinson, under whose management it run till some time in 1877, when 
Dr. Atkinson packed up the material and removed it to Kansas. The town has 
since been without a newspaper, though it would seem to be a safe field for a 
sober, judicious man, who would, no doubt, earn a comfortable livelihood here. 

Cincinnati Local. — This paper first appeared about the 1st of February, 
1877, and was the venture of W. W. Yarham. It was a neat, newsy little 
sheet, and the Cincinnati people were much pleased with it. Yarham remained 
till June following, when he took a trip for his health and did not return. The 
paper was kept going for two or three months afterward, the last few issues 
being printed at Moulton. This arrangement did not suit the Cincinnati 
people, who withdrew their support, and the Local evaporated. 

Moravia Messenger. — Some time in 1869, a man named Savacool thought 
he saw a possibility of maintaining a newspaper at Iconium, and established the 
Vidette at that place. This stood sentry over the destinies of that town for a 
matter of six months, when Savacool removed his headquarters to Moravia, and 
equipped the Vidette as the Messenger. Here he became involved in a case of 
scan, mag., which developed to crim. con. His paper was kept going a year or 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUUTY. 438 

SO, during his absence, when he returned, but, getting into trouble again, in 
which he seems to have been persecuted, he gave up the Messenger and sought 
a home elsewhere. The Messenger ceased with his departure. 



THE JAIL. 

Very early in the history of the county, the Commissioners made arrange- 
ments to build a jail, and specifications were prepared for the purpose, but the 
project was abandoned, probably on account of inability to obtain funds. 

A small stone structure was built about 1855, which served as an excuse 
for a strong house, especially Avhen well guarded, for about ten years ; but, in 
1866, a prisoner named Lockhart, awaiting trial for horse-stealing, easily 
eflFected his escape. For several years after this, prisoners Avere sent to Ot- 
tumwa for safe-keeping. 

June 8, 1871, the Board of Supervisors made a contract with Jacob Shaw, 
Thomas Wentworth and William Ames & Co., to build a suitable jail 42 feet 
square. They were to receive for everything, except the carpenter work, 
^6,176.37. The building was completed late in 1872. The jail part is 19x42, 
and is constructed in a substantial manner of stone, brick and iron. The 
remaining portion is fitted up for jailer's residence. The whole cost was about 
$10,000. 

THE POOR FARM. 

At the session of the Board of Supervisors in January, 1867, a committee 
of three members was chosen to look up a suitable site for a Poor Farm, the cost 
not to exceed $4,000, and if an eligible location could be found, a special ses- 
sion was to be called. The committee visited various tracts of land within a 
radius of eight miles from Centerville, and finally fixed upon the land owned 
by W. C. Ewing, it being the southeast quarter of Section 32, Township 69, 
Range 18 (Bellair), lying about four miles west of Centerville, together with 
twenty acres of timber one mile south. This was to be had for the exact sum 
specified, and the Board met March 2, but adjourned to the 14th, on which 
day the committee's report was approved, and the deed was made out on the 
16th, but the land was not surrendered till the following November. 

A new building, 14x28 feet in size, and two stories high, has been erected 
during the present year, and the old Ewing house has been thoroughly repaired 
for the use of the paupers, of whom there are usually twelve to fourteen. 
There is also a good barn. 

Henry C. Baker is the present Steward. 



CENTERVILLE. 

The plat of the town of Chaldea is situated on the northeast quarter of Sec- 
tion 36, Township 69, Range 18. and was established in October, 1846, by the 
Board of Commissioners. The public square lies in the southwest part of the 
plat, and is 132 feet square. Center stones are set on the north and on the 
east corners of the square, being on the center line of Main and State streets. 
The original streets running east and west are: North, Madison, Washington, 
State and South, while those running north and south are : West, Wayne, 
Franklin, Main, School, Jefferson, Monroe and East streets. The magnetic 



434 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

variation is 9° 42'. The surveying was done in the winter of 1846—7, by 
J. F. Stratton. 

It would appear that no building was erected in Chaldea during 1846. 
Spencer F. Wadlington came to the vicinity during the summer of this year, 
and built a cabin just northeast of the original plat, and opened the first mer- 
cantile house ever started in the county. 

The first building erected on the town site was a cabin by James Wright, 
early in 1847, succeeded by Mr. Wadlington, who removed to the town plat a 
short time afterward. 

James Hughes came to the town site in the summer of 1847, and, deciding 
that this was just the place for him, selected a lot and erected a blacksmith-shop. 

The town did not grow with alarming rapidity during this or the succeeding 
year. Mr. Hughes gives the population and business of the town during the 
winter of 1848-49, as follows : S. F. Wadlington, merchant ; Thomas Cochran 
and family, grocery ; James Hughes and David Beeler, blacksmiths ; E. A. 
Packard and family, hotel; Benjamin Spooner and family, farmer; James J. 
Jackson, builder; C. H. Howell, merchant. These, he thinks, were all who 
were living on the town plat, and says that, living near, and composing part of 
the neighborhood, were the Perkinses, Mansons, J. F. Stratton and A. Pew- 
thers. 

The first post ofiice in the county, Mr. Hughes says, was established at 
George W. Perkins' house in 1847, but in the following year it was removed to 
Centerville, and C. H. Howell made Postmaster. The mail was carried on 
horse-back from Keosauqua once a week, Benjamin SAvearingen, then a lad 
two-thirds grown, being the messenger. 

The principal reliance for amusement during the lonely winter of thirty 
years ago was dancing. Parties were given every week or so at the cabins in 
the neighborhood, which were punctually attended by the young people. The 
musicians were Ira Perdue and L. D. Packard, whose skill in drawing the 
fiddle-bow kept everybody cheerful within ten miles of Centerville. 

An animated collision occurred either during this or the following winter. 
One Flood, whose name occurs with considerable regularity on two or three old 
dockets, was engaged in the saloon business. A man named Brown came here 
from Albia, and engaged in the same occupation. Now, although whisky is fre- 
quently mentioned in the preceding pages, it is only just to the early settlers to 
enter a disclaimer for them on the score of intemperance. Teetotalism had not 
been heard of, and very few abstained entirely ; but at the same time, those who 
drank to excess were equally few. Hence, there was hardly room for one 
"grocery,'' and Brown's coming roused the commercial jealousy of Flood to the 
extent of his resolving to " clean him out." Backed by two or three chums, he 
undertook the job one night, and several shots were fired, but, unfortunately, 
without hurting anybody. Flood held on for a year or two, when, growing 
weary of paying costs in the justice courts, he closed his shop, much to the 
gratification of the order-loving people of the town. 

Flood remained till the fall of 1850. Having given up his saloon business, 
he turned his attention to horse-racing, and in the summer or fall of 1850, 
went to Ottumwa with two race-horses, a nice black team, and a very tidy 
carriage, for the purpose of having some "fun with the boys." While there, 
his matched blacks ran away and smashed his carriage, he played " poker " one 
evening and lost over $200 at that fascinating game. He had arranged two 
races, one of which he lost, and the other he withdrew, paying forfeit. The 
Ottumwa country was too wicked for poor Flood. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 435 

Flood came back, after his sad experience, and while in Brown's saloon one 
evening, picked a quarrel with Brown, whom he drove into his living-room. 
Mrs. Brown came out, armed with a rifle, which she cocked and brought to aim 
within a foot or so of Flood's sconce. A doctor was leaning against the bar, 
with his back to her, but saw the barrel passing his own face. He raised his 
arm as the valorous Mrs. Brown pulled the trigger, which no doubt saved 
Flood's life. Some say the dame swore as she took aim. 

Mrs. Brown was required to give bail for this exploit, but Flood was careful 
to keep out of her reach ever after. Brown died in the course of a year or two, 
and his widow married an eccentric character, who used to preach and teach 
school in the neighborhood. 

In 1852 or thereabouts, " Mose " Conger bought a barrel of whisky, and 
began business at his cabin. One Sunday, two residents of the town called on 
Mose for a pint of the article, and found him on his chair so inebriated that he 
could not rise. The visitors asked him to furnish them, but he refused point- 
blank, saying he would not sell on Sunday. They pressed the matter without 
success, until one of them asked him to give his reason for refusing. His 
answer was conclusive, for he explained with owl-like gravity, " I was raised a 
Presbyterian, and some of the old faith sticks to me yet! " But, so good a 
customer was Mose to himself that when his barrel became empty, his circum- 
stances did not admit of his obtaining a fresh supply. 

About 1853, the town, which then contained nearly four hundred inhabit- 
ants, settled down to an order-loving, peaceful community, and the few persons 
who had made nearly all the early troubles, either left or become subdued. 

The town grew steadily from 1850 till 1857, and, in the latter year, had 
become a place of about a thousand inhabitants. Several church societies were 
formed and houses erected during the time. The town became a stage center 
of no mean pretensions, and the aspect of the future was pleasant. The panic 
of 1857 served to hinder the growth of the place for several years, but a better 
feeling began to be indicated in 1859. In May of that year, as gleaned from 
the first number of the Appanoose Republican, the business men of Centerville 
were R. N. Glenn, J. W. Williams, William Whittenmyer, C. H. Howell, 
Bradley & Campbell, Clark & Rummell, W. H. Breazeale, J. R. Wooden, Solo- 
mon Walker, D. L. Strickler, W. H. Alexander, Warren E. Allen, Harper & 
Henderson, L. Stevenson, John S. Lewis, Philip Whitsel and Moses Gaughen- 
baugh. The Eagle House was kept by T. D. Brown, the Travelers' Home by 
George Pratt and the Appanoose Hotel by John M. Slater. Miller & Beall 
were the lawyers and E. Meachem the doctor ; J. T. Place insurance and real- 
estate agent. 

In 1860, the prospects were good for an increase in population and busi- 
ness ; but the beginning of the war, in 1861, served to keep the population 
about the same till its close, for men enlisted as fast new settlers came. 

As an instance of the feeling of the people of Centerville and the surround- 
ing region, the following deserves mention. Thirteen years ago, the daily 
papers printed at Keokuk and Burlington reached Centerville late in the even- 
ing. So far as getting intelligence from Grant's army, after the battle of Black 
River Bridge, was concerned, he and his dusty troops had been lost to the 
people at home, when all at once came the news that he was intrenched around 
Vicksburg. When the papers containing the news of Pemberton's surrender 
came to Centerville, there were only two or .three waiting to get their mail. 
Father Manson adjusted his spectacles and began the work of sorting out the 
mail. When he opened the package containing the daily papers, his old eyes 



436 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

caught the heading, " Vicksburg Is Ours," and tremblingly and dubiously 
announced it. An eager minute followed as he gave the particulars. The lin- 
gerers rushed from the post-office almost frantic with excitement, and, in three 
minutes, the whole town knew the glad news. A nondescript casting, used for 
firing salutes, was loaded and fired time after time. Hundreds living in the 
country heard the report, and, almost sure that Grant had succeeded, came in 
to verify their belief. It is estimated that three thousand people were on the 
public square at 11 o'clock that night, all crazy with joy and ready to do any- 
thing to manifest it. And all next day the streets were filled by a moving 
crowd, too happy to work, careless of the sorrows the war had brought, and 
indifferent to the future. All had crossed the great Mississippi, had seen its 
mighty capacity, and they knew it was no more blockaded by rebel rams, and 
lay, reflecting back the bright rays of the July sun. a limpid meridian between 
the East and West, unvexed from Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico. 

Having been the seat of justice from the organization of the county, a fur- 
ther summary of the history of Centerville would be only a recapitulation of the 
county history. It is proper to say, however, that in the last few years many 
business blocks and private residences have been erected in the town that will 
vie Avith the architecture of any town in Iowa, and the indications are that ere- 
long the town will pass from the youthful climacteric of wood to the more 
mature age of brick and stone. 

The people of the town are eminently enterprising in business matters, and 
they are noted for morality, temperance and neighborly good-will. With a 
considerable capital already in hand, and with great natural resources to 
develop, it is impossible to foresee anything but growth and prosperity in the 
future. 

The following admirable summary of the present business condition of the 
town is clipped from the Centerville Citizen and plagiarized as part of this 
sketch : 

Centerville, the capital of Appanoose County, a city of 2,500 inhabitants, is 
situated near the geographical center of the county, in the midst of one of the 
finest agricultural and grazing districts in the State, and in the center of the 
most valuable coal district west of the Mississippi River. It has two railroads 
— the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, running from Chicago to Leavenworth, 
Kan., and the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska, now operated from Alexandria, Mo., 
to Centerville, and projected to be extended west to Nebraska City. 

Centerville is ninety miles west of Burlington and Keokuk and eighty 
south of Des Moines. It has more than trebled its population within the last 
ten years, and is one of the most prosperous and important towns in Southern 
Iowa. The principal pursuits of its inhabitants are mining and manufacturing. 

To manufacturers it offers unsurpassed inducements — plenty of water, 
abundance of cheap coal of superior quality, and excellent facilities for reaching 
markets. 

Here are extensive flouring-mills, foundry, machine-shops, woolen-mill, 
saw-mills, rendering-factory, soap-factory, pottery, collar-factory, broom-facto- 
ries, buggy-factory, wagon-factory, plow-factory, marble-cutting, coopering, 
candy -factory, steam bakery, cigar-factories, harness-factories, limekilns, lum- 
ber-yards, extensive steam collieries, eight dry goods stores, three clothing 
stores, three hardware and stove stores, two shoe stores, four groceries, four 
drug stores, three harness stores, one hide store, two agricultural stores, one gun- 
smith store, two millinery stores, three jewelry stores, two confectionery and 
notion stores, one picture and stationer's store, one music store, five meat 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 437 

markets, two cigar stores, three restaurants, three banks, three printing offices, 
all having power-presses and two run by steam ; three barber-shops, three shoe- 
shops, two livery stables, two nurseries, five blacksmith-shops, one laboratory, 
four hotels, five churches, superior public schools, a fine Court House, substan- 
tial and elegant public and private buildings, good walks and the best of society. 
Centerville offers very great inducements for the outlay of capital and the 
investment of industry. There is no town in the West that can offer a fairer 
field for location to the capitalist or laborer. The doors are wide open, with 
plenty of room and a warm welcome for all new-comers. Any information con- 
cerning the city may be obtained by addressing the officers of the city gov- 
ernment, which are given below. 

MUNICIPAL. 

The town of Centerville was first incorporated in 1855, and the manner of 
procedure was thus : A petition, signed by various citizens of the town was 
presented to Judge Harris, asking him to submit the question of incorporation 
to the voters of the town. The election was held February 26, 1855, the 
Judges being* Squire Bates, John Snell and John Potts, and the clerks, J. G. 
Brown and J. F. Stratton. A majority was found to be in favor of the project, 
and, on the 12th of March, the people elected G. W. Wise, W. S. Henderson, 
D. P. Sparks, J. G. Brown and William Clark a committee to prepare a char- 
ter. This was voted upon and approved March 26. The original document 
was discovered in the Recorder's vault, and contains six pages of blue foolscap 
paper. There are fourteen sections, and the document is signed by all the 
committee. 

An election was soon after held under the authority of the charter, and 
town officers chosen; but as the County Judge made no record of the result, and 
the first minute-book has disappeared, nothing can be stated with certainty 
concerning the first two years of corporate government. The charter continued 
in force till about the 1st of October, 1857, when it was vacated by the formal 
adoption of a special charter provided by chapter 100 of the laws of the Sixth 
General Assembly. Under this charter the Council could not levy a tax unless 
previously voted by the people. Another peculiarity was, that in case of ina- 
bility of the Mayor to hear causes arising from infraction of the town 
ordinances, they could be taken before any Justice of the Peace in Center Town- 
ship. In other respects, the charter was about the same as the general law 
subsequently passed, under which the town now holds its corporate powers. 

From October 7, 1857, the records have been preserved. At that time, C. 
Wentworth was elected Mayor ; S. W. Wright, Recorder ; D. P. Sparks, A. 
Purjue, A. Harris, C. H. Howell, J. Knapp, J. Lankford, Councilmen ; Will- 
iam Crow, Marshal. On the 9th, several ordinances were passed, which action 
seems to have been the re-enactment of ordinances in force under the old char- 
ter. On the 21st, an iron-clad liquor ordinance was passed, which would seem 
to have been a new one. 

A. L. H. Martin was elected Mayor in April, 1858, and a few days after 
the Council required the removal of a small-pox patient from the town. June 
9, an ordinance was passed requiring sidewalks to be constructed in front of 
all lots facing the public square. 

J. B. Beall became Mayor in 1859, S. F. Wadlington in 1860, W. B. 
Alexander in 1861, and J. W. Houston in 1862. 

No meeting appears to have been held from April, 1862, till April, 1865, 
when, in accordance with a notice issued by the County Judge, for the purpose 



438 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY, 

of re-organization an election was held on the 25th, at which time 0. W. Bar- 
den was elected Mayor; W. P. Morret, Recorder; H. Tannehill, Jacob Hum- 
mel, John S. Whitsel. D. C. Campbell, John Stier, Councilmen ; John Wil- 
mington, Marshal. 

The corporate business appears to have fallen into desuetude again soon after 
this election, for no meeting was held till June 28, 1866, the minutes of which 
follow the path of office of the new Council, subscribed the day before. July 
9, an election was held to determine whether a tax should be levied for the 
improvement of the streets, which was carried by a large majority. M. Ben- 
ington was Mayor during this year, and was re-elected in 1867. 

The compiler has not been able to see the record from 1867 to 1877. 

Grave doubts having arisen as to the legality of the charter passed by the 
Legislature, it was abandoned February 22, 1870, and in the following month, the 
town incorporated under the general law. Some of the details of the change 
having been irregular, as well as some acts of the Council, a curative act was 
passed by the Sixteenth General Assembly to rectify the mistakes. 

The present town officers are as follows : J. W. Farley, Mayor ; D. S. 
McKeehan, Recorder ; F. M. Veach, A. Dargable, Thomas Wentworth, William 
Evans, M. H. Kirkham, Councilmen ; Joseph Payton, Marshal ; J. I. Ong, 
Assessor ; William Evans, Treasurer ; William Payton, Street Commissioner. 

FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Centerville Hook and Ladder Company. — This is a re-organization of a com- 
pany which formed in 1872 and disbanded. The present Company, organized 
October 16, 1876, and succeeded to the outfit managed by its predecessor. 
Robert McGregor was elected Captain ; P. F. Cunningham, First Lieutenant ; 
J. C. Barrows, Second Lieutenant; George W. Bell, Third Lieutenant ; 0. H. 
Sharp, Secretary ; W. T. Swearingen, Treasurer. These gentlemen still hold 
the positions noted above. There are about forty-five members. 

The Company are anxious to procure fire apparatus corresponding with the 
times and with the growing needs of the town ; but, so far, the boys have not 
succeeded. It is stated that a hand-engine will probably be purchased ; but this 
would seem to be doubtful economy at a time when prices of steam fire-machin- 
ery are so low. Centerville can well afford such an investment, and the spirit 
of the Fire Department would be thereby raise a hundred per cent. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

From 1848 forward, the people of Centerville have always been progressive 
in school matters. The first building, though built of logs, was a first-rate one 
in its day. 

In 1854, the growth of the town required more space for school work, and 
it was cheerfully supplied by the erection of a two-story frame building, about 
22x36 feet in size, which cost perhaps |1,500. C. H. Howell, G. W. Swear- 
ingen and D. P. Sparks constituted the School Board at the time, and John 
Lankford was one of the carpenters employed to build it. The building now 
stands a little distance from the southeast angle of the square. 

In 1868, a large and shapely structure was built in the southeast part of the 
old town plat. This was of brick, three stories high and was to cost about 
$12,000. The plan was drafted by C. A. Dunham, of Burlington. 

This building was almost completed, but before the carpenters' tools had been 
taken out, it was set on fire, and all the wood work destroyed. As stated by 
citizens of the town, a Mr. Holt, who had taught the school with great success, 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 439 

and who had been engaged as Principal in the new building, had begun to man- 
ifest symptoms of insanity of so peculiar a character that the Board felt them- 
selves compelled to annul the contract. At the same time, Holt had been 
ignored as an instructor in a Teachers' Institute. Holt was known to have 
been in the building the night of the fire, but tolerably early. Two or three 
hours after, the roof was in flames, so certain were the people that Holt had 
lighted the fire, he was informed the next day that he must leave the town in 
an hour, which he was sane enough to do. 

This was a heavy loss to the town, but the building was rebuilt in 1869, 
according to the former plan, and at about the same cost. The heavy debt 
caused by this double expense is now nearly paid, there being now about $1,400 
yet oustanding. 

The present Board is composed of Joseph Goss, S. W. Wright, T. M. Fee, 
C. W. Bowen, William Evans and Thomas Wentworth. J. C. Burrows is Sec- 
retary and D. C. Campbell, Treasurer. 

C. W. Guthrie is Principal of the school ; Ella Smith, Grammar Depart- 
ment. The remaining teachers are J. W. Carey, Kate Elliott, Rosa Richard- 
son, Lou McLoughlin and Mr. Whitmer. 

RELIGIOUS. 

Methodist Episcopal. — The " Atlas of Iowa " says that William S. Manson 
had the honor of preaching the first sermon in the county west of Chariton 
River, and the place of preaching was at the first store started in the county. 
The Atlas adds that the first r<^ligious society organized in the county was at 
the house of W. S. Manson, by Rev. Hugh Gibson. It consisted of six mem- 
bers, to wit : Jesse Wood and wife, W. S. Manson and wife, Mrs. Rebecca 
Hopkins and Mrs. Caughran. This was the beginning of the present large and 
flourishing Methodist society of Centerville. Mr. Stratton says that this class 
was organized in 1848, but Mrs. Dr. Worthington, of Caldwell Township, says 
that she attended Baptist services west of Centerville in 1846, or the year fol- 
lowing ; hence it is probable that the society now known as Concord Church, a 
few miles northwest of Centerville, was formed about the same time. 

The society grew rapidly during the first seven years of its existence, and, 
in 1852, had about seventy-five members. In that year, the church in the 
northeast part of the town was built. This is a frame building, about 30x40 
feet in size, and cost $600 or $700. F. Spooner was Superintendent of the 
Sabbath school. 

The Pastors who have ministered here, as nearly as can be ascertained, have 
been Rev. Messrs. Thompson, Manson, Rowley, Winings, Darrah, Gibson, 
Dennis, Prather, Dixon, N. B. Allender, Brigg's, Hill, George Clark, Cyrus 
Mosey, Crellin, George W. Byrket. Hopkins, Welch, Stephenson, Thatcher,s 
Miltade Miller, Robinson, Jennis, Wilson, Smith, T. E. Corkhill and H. E. 
Wing. 

The society has now about one hundred and fifty members. The Trustees 
are M. M. Walden, W. S. Johnson, J. W. Calvert, J. B. Maring, J. W. Will- 
iams ; and the Stewards are B. M. Steele, B. A. Ogle, Lee Johnson, E. T. 
Mowbray, Mrs. Ada Wright, T. M. Fee, H. B. Williams. 

J. W. Calvert is Superintendent of the Sabbath school ; G. W. Guthrie, 
Assistant ; Lily Selby, Secretary ; H. B. Williams, Treasurer ; C. S. Williams, 
Librarian ; Elmer Stephenson, Assistant ; Miss Ella Williams, Organist. The 
teachers : G. W. Guthrie, Mrs. Rhoda Wentworth, Mrs. E. J. Holt, S. W. 
Stanton, Mrs. R. Bird, Lee Johnson, H. B. Williams, J. W. Williams, R. 



440 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Stevenson, Jr., C. S. Byrket, W. S. Johnso^ Rosa Shipman. The average 
attendance of pupils is 125. 

There is also a Ladies' Society, which has contributed about $650 to the 
building fund. 

The Church society began the erection of a new house of worship in 1877, 
under the direction of J. W. Williams, D. M. Steele and J. R. Wooden, as 
Building Committee, and the corner-stone was laid in the fall of the same year 
with appropriate observances. The house is of brick, with basement, and is 
furnished with a gallery. Its size is 45x84 feet, and cost about $10,000. Sev- 
eral memorial windows have been furnished by members. The lot was pur- 
chased from the heirs of Rev. W. S. Manson, so long identified with the 
society as a zealous, usefut member. 

The building was entirely completed in November last, and the first services 
held in it was, to give the date accurately, November 10, 1878. 

The new church is truly an elegant piece of architecture, to which its mem- 
bers can point with pride as marking the progress of Christian effort in thirty 
years, whose annual rounds have marked the growth of a little band holding 
meetings in log cabins, to a strong and numerous society, meeting in one of the 
finest buildings west of the river towns. 

Baptist. — This society dates from August, 1851, in which month Daniel P. and 
Mary A. Spark, John and Eurydice Overstreet, Isaac Fuller, E. A. Packard, J. 
Brower A. Thompson, Amanda Thompson, B. L. Packard, Elizabeth Packard, 
Hannah Packard, Jane Wright, S. F. Wadlington, Harvey Campbell, Parney 
Campbell, Louise Campbell, Harriet Robertson, C. Brower, J. T. Gunter. Jane 
Gunter, James Thompson, Calvin Smith and Alarilla Smith were constituted 
the regular body of the Church, William T. Barnes being Moderator, and A. 
Thompson, Clerk. The Deacons chosen were E. A. Packard and B. L. Pack- 
ard ; John Overstreet, Clerk. 

The Pastors have served as follows : Albert Thompson, three years and 
eight months ; John W. Osborn, one year ; James L. Cole, two years ; J. C. 
Burkholder, nine months (dying with harness on) ; John Redburn, four years ; 
J. W. Bolster, seven months (stricken with paralysis) ; A Stott, one year ; F. 
Edwards, now in charge, five years. 

A house of worship was built in 1856, D. P. Sparks bearing the principal 
share of its cost. This was a frame structure and stands just west of Stephen- 
son's drug store. The parsonage was built in 1874, at a cost of about $700. 
The new church was erected in 1875, and the dedicatory sermon preached by 
Rev. J. M. Smith, of Osceola, in November of that year. This is a frame 
building, 30x45, and cost $1,500. The bell was the gift of S. F. Wadlington, 
and bears his name, together with the date of its casting — June, 1858. The 
principal promoters of the effort to build the second church were William 
Evans and F. M. Veach. 

The society have now about one hundre<i and fifty members. The Deacons 
are: B. L. Packard, F. M. Veach, C. H. Richardson, William Evans and 
James McClard. The Trustees are : William Evans and F. M. Veach. The 
latter is Clerk. 

William Evans is Superintendent of the Sabbath school ; F. M. Veach, 
Assistant ; Sarah Cole, Secretary and Treasurer ; Miss Lucy Evans, Organist. 
The teachers are, F. M. Veach, J. C Bevington, Mrs. F. M. Veach, Daniel 
Veach, Rev. F. Edwards, Allie Cole. The attendance is about fifty-five. 

Pi'eshyterian. — This society was probably formed in the winter of 1855-56, 
the officiating clergyman and first Pastor being Rev. Matthew Smith. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 441 

The Church became a body corporate March 10, 1866, the subscribing 
members being C. H. Howell, Solomon Silknitter, Samuel Brown, J. F. Strat- 
ton and Thomas Wentworth. 

Up to this time, the meetings had been held in the upper story of C. H. 
Howell's house, and it was decided to build a house for worship. This was 
accomplished during 1856 and the following year. This building was of con- 
siderable pretension for the time, it being, perhaps, 28x42 feet. It was built 
of brick made by Mr. Goss, and the walls were laid by Thomas Wentworth. 

This building was used by the society till 1867, when a ncAv building took 
its place. This was begun in 1866, and completed the next year, being ded- 
icated by Rev. John Fisher. The building is of brick, 40x80 feet in size and 
cost about $5,000. It is situated one block south of the public square. The 
society also owns a parsonage. 

The Pastors have been : Rev. Messrs. Matthew Smith, John Fisher, E. L. 
Dodeler, J. D. Jenks, Claggett, and L. M. Belden. 

There are about one hundred and thirty members, and the Trustees are as 
follows : Dr. William Scott, President ; H. A. Russell, Secretary ; Robert 
Evans, Treasurer ; H. Tannehill and A. J. Baker. The Elders are : Jacob 
Elliott, H. H. Dewey, William Bradley, C. H. Howell, Samuel Brown, Phineas 
Porter. 

The Sabbath school is claimed to be the lineal successor of the first little 
school established by C. H. Howell, at his store in 1848. H. H. Dewev is 
Superintendent; C. H. Howell, Assistant; H. A. Russell, Librarian; Henry 
Liddie, Assistant; Miss Josie CLirk, Secretary; Alda Holt, Treasurer; C. B. 
Taylor, Organist, The teachers are : W. T. Russell, Miss A. J. Baker, Mrs. 
J. W. Lane, Dr. W. W. Hale, Miss Maggie Jones, Miss Mary Howell, Miss 
Kate Elliott, C. H. Howell, Miss Kate B. Russell, William Evans, Samuel 
Brown. The average attendance of pupils is about one hundred and twenty- 
five. 

United Presbyterian. — This Church was first formed in 1862, but who the 
constituent members were cannot be ascertained. October 15, 1863, Rev. J. 
D. Beard was installed Pastor. The membership was small, and Mr. Beard, by 
improper statements to the Presbytery, affected a consolidation of this body 
with the Charch at Cincinnati without the knowledge of the members. What 
followed cannot be stated, for the records of the old society cannot be found. 

The society was dormant for several years, but a re-organization was effected 
March 18, 1872, at the house of J. B. Jenks, the sermon being preached by 
Rev. John Haddon. The subscribing members at this meeting were D. C. 
Campbell, A. J. and Mrs. B. W. Campbell, J. W. and Mrs. S. A. Houston, 
S. P. and Mrs. Mina Hayes, H. D. and Mrs. M. Shoutz, Mrs. Martha M. 
Campbell, Mrs. Martha M. Jenks and Miss Kitty Campbell. 

A. J. Campbell and S. P. Hayes were chosen Elders, and D. C. Campbell, 
Clerk. 

Rev. G. R. Murray, the present Pastor, was called in 1875, and was 
installed June 26, 1875, Rev. R. A. McAyeal being present. 

The church was built in 1873, is about 40x60 feet in size, and cost $3,000. 

The society had thirty-nine members in 1877, but the number is now some- 
what reduced, owing to the removal of several members to other localities. 

S. P. Hale is Trustee, and D. C. Campbell is Clerk. A. J. Campbell is 
Superintendent of the Sabbath school ; J. D. Jenks, Assistant ; T. P. Shoutz, 
Secretary ; Samuel Hays, Treasurer. The teachers are Rev. Mr. Murray, D. C. 
Campbell, S. P. Hayes, Mrs. B. W. Campbell, Mrs. M. Shoutz, Mrs. Agnes 



442 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Campbell, Miss May Cunningham. The average number of pupils attending 
is about fifty-five. 

Christian. — The Church in Centerville was organized August 10, 1867, by 
electing J. L. Chessman, Silas D. Harris and Ichabod Stewart Elders, and 

John Willmington and Bennett Deacons, and W. P. Morret Clerk. 

Eld. J. C. Sevey, of the Walnut City congregation, officiated in the ordination 
services. The number of members at the time of organizing was twenty- 
nine. 

W. P. Morret and James W. Baker were chosen Elders about November, 
1869, Elder Chessman having removed. Elder I. Stewart deceased June 17, 
1871. 

Elder J. C. Sevey preached for the Church occasionally from the time of 
its organization to May, 1869, when Elder J. A. Wilson was called to the pas- 
torate, continuing something over a year. After Elder Wilson resigned. Elder 
F. Walden, of Albia, preached for the Church monthly until October 1, 1872, 
when the present Pastor, Elder F. M. Kirkham was called to serve. At the 
time the present Pastor began his labors, the number of members was fifty- 
three. The present number is two hundred and thirty-four. 

The house of worship now owned by the Church was dedicated Lord's Day, 
February 14, 1875, Prof. G. T. Carpenter, of Oskaloosa, preaching the dedi- 
catory sermon, and Elder J. B. Vawter, State Evangelist, assisting in the 
service. The building, with its furnishings, cost, in round numbers, $7,000. 
The Building Committee was composed of Gen. F. M. Drake, Chairman ; L. C. 
Mechem, Ab. Owings, M. H. Kirkham and F. M. Kii'kham. 

The Trustees are L. C. Mechem, H. S. Gilliam, M. H. Kirkham, W. W. 
Oliver and S. D. Harris. The present Official Board are F. M. Kirkham, 
Pastor and Chairman of the Board ; S. D. Harris, J. W. Baker and N. M. 
Scott, Elders ; L. C. Mechem, W. W. Oliver and A. Dargavell, Deacons. 

The Sunday school has had an average attendance, this year, of about sev- 
enty-five. N. M. Scott, Superintendent; L. C. Mechem, Assistant Superin- 
tendent ; Miss Emma Goss, Secretary ; A. Dargavell, Treasurer and Librarian ; 
Teachers : Mrs. F. M. Kirkham, Miss Sallie Wright, Miss Milla Drake, Mrs. 
Lena Cope, Joseph Goss, F. M. Drake and F. M. Kirkham. 

The Church, at this time, is enjoying peace and prosperity. There have 
been added to the Church, since April 1, 1878, to November 1, forty-eight. 

Regular meetings are as follows : Sunday school, 9:30 A. M.; regular 
Church services at 11 A. M. and 7 P. M.; prayer-meeting, Wednesday even- 
ing at 7 P. M. Regular meeting of the Official Board, the first Monday even- 
ing of each month. 

One characteristic of the Church, and of all the churches of the denomina- 
tion, is the observance of the Lord's Supper every Lord's Day. 

MASONIC. 

Jackson Lodge, No. If^, A., F. ^ A. M. — This body was established by 
dispensation from Ansel Humphreys, Grand Master, and held its first meeting 
late in 1853. 

The following were reported as the officers and members in June, 1854 : 

, W. M. ; Thomas G. Manson, S. W. ; J. Hargrave, J. W. ; J. 

H. Shields, Treasurer; Dennis F. Robley, Secretary; John W. Robley, S. D. ; 

J. V. Criswell, J. D. ; , Tiler. The others were: Alfred 

Slayter, Jeremiah Brower, D. A. Spooner, Daniel P. Sparks, A. L. H. Martin, 
John Wilmington, George W. Swearingen, Hugh McCoy. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 443 

At the session of the Grand Lodge in 1844, the Committee on Lod^eg 
Under Dispensation, reported the work of Jackson Lodge to be correct. "They 
have adopted the By-Laws of Franklin Lodge, No. 14, and your committee 
are pleased with their work, and Avould recommend that a charter be granted 
to said Lodge." 

On the 9th of July, 1876, the corner-stone of the present Masonic Hall 
was laid by H. W. Rothert, of Keokuk, then Grand Master, in the presence of 
a large crowd, and with ample ceremonies. Visitors were in attendance from 
Keokuk, Memphis, Lancaster, Bloomfield, Pulaski, Seymour, Moulton, Union- 
ville, Cincinnati and Numa. Prayer was offered by Rev. T. E. Corkhill, after 
which a jar containing lists of members of the various secret societies and 
churches, town newspapers, officers of the banks, coins, etc., was placed in the 
stone, and left for "future ages to find." A poem was then recited by Grand 
Master Rothert, and a festival in the evening ended the ceremonies. This was 
the most important event in the history of Masonry in Centerville. The hall 
is in the third story of the Bank Block, on the west side of the square. There 
are three anterooms and a long side-room. The main hall is one of the largest 
in the State. 

The Lodge has now about one hundred and fifteen members, and meets on 
Friday evening, on or before full moon. 

T. 0. Wilson is W. M. ; W. 0. Crosby, S. W. ; H. C. Bowen, J. W. ; W. B. 
McDonald, Treasurer ; L. C. Lamb, Secretary ; J. J. Pratt, S. D. ; B. A. 
Joiner, J. D. ; P. F. Cunningham, Tiler. 

Euclid Chapter, No. 4^, R. A. M. — The preliminary meeting to organize 
this body of Masonry was held January 21, 1868. The first meeting under 
the dispensation was on February 11. W. E. Sargent was the first M. E. H. P.; 
W. C. Darnell, E. K.; Wm. Reahard, E. S.; J. Harper, C. H. ; T. E. Sargent, 
P. S.; T. 0. Wilson, R. A. C; R. Stephenson, G. M. 3d V. ; D. A. Spooner, 
G. M. 2d V. ; S. D. Harris, G. M. 1st V. ; W. A. -Sargent, G. The remaining 
members were 0. W. Barden, J. W. Hough, J. Clark, S. H. Sawyers, J. R. Riggs. 

The Chapter has now about fifty members. 

J. K. Boyles is the present M. E. H. P. ; H. C. Bowen, E. K. ; Levi Clem- 
mens, E. S.; L. McHenry, Treasurer; W. G. Clark, Secretary; W. 0. Crosby, 
C. H. 

St. Johns Commandery, No. 21, K. T. — This Order was established at 
Bloomfield, Davis County, in 1871, with the following charter members : Will- 
iam J. Law, William C. Johnson, J. R. SheafFer, Samuel Cowan, Thomas B. 
Myers, Harvey B. Kettleman, Charles L. Pennington, Charles M. Burgess, 
Samuel S. Carruthers. 

Two or three years ago the Commandery began to grow weak, and by an 
order of the Grand Commandery, it was transferred to Centerville, the change 
being effected on the 23d of October, 1878. 

The officers installed on that night were : S. H. Sawyers, E. C. ; Nelson 
Rogers, Gen. ; J. K. Boyles, C. G. ; W. S. Johnson, Prel. ; J. L. Berch, S. W.; 
F. M. Drake, J. W.; L. McHenry, W.; J. N. Rigg, Standard B.; A. Hicks. 
Sword B,; Levi Clemmens, Treasurer; B. A. Ogle, Recorder. 

The first candidate knighted at Centerville, was H. C. Bowen. 

The Commandery has about forty members. 

ODD FELLOWSHIP. 

Centerville Lodge, No. 76, I. 0. 0. #.— This body dates from Jiily 19. 
1855, and was constituted by J. C. Dunn, Esq., of Bloomfield. Amos Harris 



444 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

was the first N. G. : J. G. Brown, V. G. ; J. L. Armstrong, Secretary ; P. 
Allen, Treasurer. The other charter members were E. H. Robley and J. 
Lankford. The same evening were initiated H. Tannehill, William Clark, 
John K. Allen and Joseph McGowen. 

The Lodge has been fortunate in its mortuary record, for only five or six 
deaths have occurred ; among the list, J. W. McCreery, J. K. Morey, R. N. 
Glenn and Mr. Thomas. 

The first meetings were held at the old schoolhouse, after which the Lodge 
met a few evenings in Judge Tannehill's office. The society then obtained a 
room over Wittenmeyer's store, where it remained till 1860, when the two- 
story brick building at the northeast corner of the square was purchased, and 
the upper story used till 1876. This building is still owned by the fraternity. 

In 1875, the Lodge built a third story over the First National Bank and 
Williams' hardware store, which was completed the next spring, and the room 
was formally dedicated in June, 1876. The whole space is 45x80 feet, and 
cost $6,000. There are three anterooms, a coal-room, kitchen, library and 
committee-room, at the rear and side of the hall, which is about 32x60 feet in 
size, and very lofty. The coal-room is reached by an elevator, and a sink in 
the kitchen connects with a drain in the basement. The library contains about 
a thousand volumes, the use of which is confined to the members and their fam- 
ilies. The committee-room is a great convenience in the dispatch of Lodge 
business. The main hall contains two windows with stained glass, bearing em- 
blems of the Order, and these, with the side windows give the rooms a very 
pleasing appearance by daylight. There are four raised platforms for the offi- 
cers, and the hall is suitably carpeted. It is indeed a suit of rooms of which 
any fraternity might be proud, and the members of Centerville Lodge need not 
fear to expose their hall to the critical inspection of strangers, come from where 
they may. 

The Lodge has had in all 258 members since its organization, and there are 
now about 110 in good standing. A. Dargavell is N. G. ; 0. H. Sharpe, V. 
G. : George Whitsel, Secretary ; J. W. Williams, Treasurer ; J. 0. Barrows, 
Permanent Secretary. 

The Lodge meets on Tuesday evening of each week. The officers were : 
J. Lankford, C. P. ; D. L. Strickler, H. P. The others were C. W. Bowen, 
W. E. Allen, R. N. Glenn, J. G. Thornburg and F, M. Kirkham. 

Hope Lodge, No. 338, I. 0. 0. F. — This Lodge was constituted by J. B. 
Glenn, Acting D. G. M., January 27, 1876, who was assisted by E. T. Mow- 
bray, A. J. Baker, J. B. Maring, T. D. Miller and E. C. Haynes. The fol- 
lowino- charter members answered to their names : John Lankford, M. B. 
Pennino-ton, E. C. Pyle, John C Martin, Louis Herman, James S. Ellis, B. 
F. Kindig, J. F. Conrad, Isaac Meredith and John W. Hurless. 

John Lankford was elected and installed N. G. ; Louis Herman, V. G. ; 
M. B. Pennington, Secretary ; John C. Martin, Treasurer. 

The Lodo-e has now about sixty members. Two deaths have occurred — 
that of J. G. Hall and that of Robert G. Clark, the latter killed by a moving 
train near Julesburg, Colo. 

J. H. Udell is the present N. G. ; D. N. Steele, V. G. ; J. S. Ellis, Secre- 
tary ; J. B. Stier, Treasurer; W. T. Clark, Permanent Secretary; M. B. 
Pennington, 0. S. 

The Lodge meets on Thursday evening of each week at Odd Fellows' hall. 

A lodge of the Rebekah Degree was formed here several years ago, but dis- 
banded a year or two since. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 445 

Centerville Encampment, No. 2^,, I. 0. 0. F. — This interior Order was 
established at Centerville in January, 1865, by J. B. Glenn, as D. G. C. P. 
The Encampment has now about fifty members, and meets on the first and third 
Saturday evenings of each month at Odd Fellows' hall. 

J. H. Udell is C. P. ; J. W. Baker, H. P. ; J. B. Maring, Secretary ; J. 
Lankford, Treasurer. 

' RED RIBBON REFORM CLUB. 

This society was formed in the spring of 1878, through the labors of Mr. 
Bontecue, the well-known temperance agitator, aud has a membership of about 
nine hundred. H. H. Wright is President, and Dr. McKeehan is Secretary. 

The organization started out well after its formation. Frequent meetings 
were held, a club-room rented and fitted up. A small library was obtained, 
and, for a time, various kinds of games were allowed to be played. Card-play- 
ing, however, was found to be an objectionable feature, and was abandoned. 

The society suspended during the summer months, but is being revived as 
the evenings grow long. 

There is now no licensed saloon in Centerville, and none in the county, and 
it is believed that this wholesome condition of afi'airs can be maintained. This 
will be a great advantage to all classes during the period of financial change 
now going on, for men who practice sobriety can and do pay their debts better 
than those whose energy and thrift are impaired through appetite for drink. 
This is not the place for a discussion of the temperance question, and this 
one proposition only is advanced for the consideration of the friends of temper- 
ance here. The genuine American is never lazy, but loves action and excite- 
ment, and hence his fondness for spirits. The problem is to occupy his mind 
with wholesome ideas while reforming him, to keep him contented socially while 
weaning him from the companionship of those among whom he has acquired his 
wrong habits. 

MOULTON. 

{Washington and Wells Townships.) 

Elizabethtown is located on the southeast quarter of Section 15, and north- 
east quarter of Section 22, Town 68, Range 16. The shape of the plat 
resembles that of Cincinnati. Main street runs north and south, and Davis 
street runs perpendicular to the other. The ground fronting the western 
extension of Davis street on the north was appropriated for cemetery use and 
for a site for a Baptist Church. 

Such is the abstract of the record entry of the first laying-out of this busy, 
flourishing town, which lies on or very near the ancient " bee-trace," described 
in a preceding page. But the certainty that the North Missouri Railroad was 
coming, induced a modification of the plat of Elizabethtown, and it was merged 
into Moulton. 

The town plat of the latter originally contained 160 acres, consisting of the 
west half of the southwest quarter of Section 14, and the east half of the south- 
east quarter of Section 15, Town 68, Range 16. S. S. Caruthers was the 
grantor, who acknowledged the plat before M. H. Jones, July 4, 1867. The 
streets running east and west are numbered First to Eighth, and the north and 
south streets, beginning on the east side, are East, Walnut, Elm, Oak, Main, 
Vine, Maple and West. The surveyor's name does not appear. 

The North Missouri Road was completed to the town in the spring of 1869, 
and extended to Bloomfield in the same year. It was completed to Ottumwa 



446 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

about the last of July, 1870, and, the next day, a party of about one hundred 
hungry Iowa editors, accompanied by their wives, passed through Moulton on an 
excursion to St. Louis, where, tradition has it, they were so sumptuously enter- 
tained that they all resolved never to return, and it is certain the Moulton folks 
never saw that crowd again. 

Those who were residents on the town plat in the winter of 1868-69, are 
said to have been as follows : Thomas McAchran, druggist ; William Lowry, 
dry goods and groceries ; James G. West, James E. Jennings, Andrew Ogden, 
Levi Davis, M. V. Howell, James P. Smith, James Norris, laborers ; Joseph 
Jurd, John Burdett, carpenters, and two or three Irishmen. All had families 
but William Lowry, who is a bachelor still. 

The first death that occurred in Moulton was that of Thomas Mulock, in 
1869. 

The first marriage was that of Wilson Nycum to Miss Norris. 

The first school in the village was taught by Thomas Haughey and wife, in 
the Christian Church in the winter of 1869-70. Previous to this, the people 
sent to the district school just outside of the village. 

A newspaper, the Moulton Independent, was established in 1870. 

The principal growth of the town was achieved in 1872 and the year fol- 
lowing. 

In 1872, Edwards & Davis erected a steam flouring-mill. 

In 1873, the people, by a donation of about $25,000, secured the extension 
of the Burlington & Southwestern Railway to their town and westward, thereby 
rising to the dignity of a railway junction. Recently, this has been made a 
division terminus for the Southwestern line, and a small engine-house has been 
erected. 

The principal manufacturing interest of the place was established in 1869, 
it being a steam flouring-mill and woolen-factory, by Aaron & Son, at a cost of 
about §25,000. 

The first bank was started by A. J. Morrison. The town is soon to lose the 
only bank it has now, Maj. Moore, its owner, having been elected Clerk of 
the Courts ; but it is stated that Mr. Bradley, of Centerville, will open a bank- 
ing office in the town at an early day. 

An industrious, prudent newspaper man would no doubt find this a good 
field for a local paper. 

An effort was made, some years ago, to obtain coal at this place, and two 
shafts were dug, one to a depth of 180 feet, and the other about the same depth, 
but without finding it. It is possible that the vein would have been found by a 
side-drift. 

In the winter of 1872-73, a man named Martin was discovered about day- 
break, by Maj. West, in a dying condition near the principal street. He was 
carried into George D. Porter's house, and only lived about fifteen minutes. He 
had become intoxicated the night before, and overcome with liquor, had fallen 
to the ground and perished from exposure. 

Moulton contains about one thousand inhabitants, and is beautifully situated 
on the high plateau dividing the waters flowing toward the Mississippi from those 
emptying into the Missouri. Its business is represented by three hotels, several 
dry goods stores, clothing stores, groceries, jewelry stores, millinery-shops, two 
flouring-mills, woolen-mill, wagon and blacksmith shops. Its people are intel- 
ligent, moral and attentive to their pursuits. It will be a little short of a miracle 
if this pushing young town — this " fiat " of the railway system — does not double 
its population and treble its business in the next ten years. There is no near 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 447 

neighbor to draw away the trade tributary to this town, the nearest towns of any 
prominence being Centerville and Bloomfield. 

George Seigley, of Moulton, though not the oldest resident of the county, 
is undoubtedly the " oldest inhabitant." He was born March 28, 1772, and is 
consequently nearly 107 years old. His birthplace was in Lawrence County, 
Penn., where he resided till fifty-seven years old. He then removed to John- 
stown, in the same State, where he remained eleven years, and thence removed 
to Ohio. In 1840, he removed to Lee County, residing there until 1854, when 
he removed to Appanoose County, which ever since has been hia home. He 
visited Califoruia in 1874, remaining about a year, but preferred to return and 
spend the remainder of his days in Iowa. 

MUNICIPAL. 

The notice of election to choose ofiicers for the inchoate city of Moulton 
was dated May 3, 1869, and was signed by the Commissioners for the petition- 
ers for the incorporation, Samuel Leerburger, Peter Fees, Jacob Neal, Tom 
McAchran, Wilson Nycum. The election was ordered by them to be held at 
the dry goods store of A. Hart, May 18. 

At the election, Jacob Neal, Thomas McAchan and Wilson Nycum acted as 
Judges, and S. Leerburger and Peter Fees sat as clerks. Of the seventy-five 
votes polled, the first was cast by Green Hazelwood, and the last by J. B. 
Smith. C. H. Walker was elected Mayor ; S. B. Thompson, Recorder ; 0. 
Gillett, Marshal; M. V. Howell, J. C. Thompson, G. Farus, J. Q. Lane, A. 
Harter, Councilmen. 

The preliminary action on which the above proceedings were based was had 
January 25, when an election was held at the drug store of Thomas McAch- 
ran, and the proposed incorporation was carried by a vote of 26 to 19. The 
territory incorporated was one mile square, described as follows : The south 
half of the northwest quarter of Section 14, southwest quarter of same section, 
south half of the northeast quarter and southeast quarter of Section 15, north 
half of northwest quarter of Section 23, and the horth half of the northeast 
quarter of Section 22. The whole is attested by K. P. Morrison, Clerk of the 
Circuit Court. 

Owing to the first record-book having been mislaid, the date of the first 
meeting of the Council cannot be given. The first ordinance, however, was to 
define the town boundaries, which would seem to have been an act of surplusage. 

A calaboose was built in the spring of 1871, at a cost of $112. 

Levi Davis was elected Mayor in 1873, and S. B. Thompson Recorder. 

A cemetery corporation appears to have been formed about 1870, but had 
become nearly disorganized. The management of the grounds was accordingly 
transferred to the Town Council, and, June 23, 1873, the Mayor was authorized 
to appropriate such money as might be needed to put the grounds in order, and 
$320.33 were expended for that purpose. 

Provision was made for electing a Town Assessor in February, 1874, and, in 
October of that year, six Babcock portable extinguishers were purchased. 

The sidewalk svstem is very complete in Moulton, having been begun in 
1871. 

The present town officers are as follows: Levi Davis, Mayor; James G. 
West, Recorder; A. J. Morrison, Thomas Morrison, S. Bulger, Eli Simpson, R. 
Gleason, Trustees; A. P. Berry, Marshal and Street Commissioner; A. J. 
Morrison, Treasurer; G. T. Pulliam, Assessor. 



148 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



EDUCATIONAL. 

The first meeting of the Board of the Independent District of Moulton waa 
held July 22, 1869, at which time the record shows that James G. West was 
Presiden ; John Q. Lane, Vice President ; Jacob Neal, James Sutton, S. G. 
Haughey, Directors ; John Potts, Secretary ; Aaron Harter, Treasurer. A com- 
mittee of two was appointed at this meeting to confer with the officers of the Chris- 
tian Church, with regard to buying the building owned by that society, and, on 
the 7th of August, the question was submitted to a popular vote, and rejected 
almost unanimously. 

The same evening the Board held a meeting and resolved to levy as large a 
tax for schoolhouse purposes as the law would admit. September 30, the 
Christian Church was rented for a school-room. October 2, the Board pur- 
chased two acres of ground for a building-site, the price being $300, as offered 
by Mr. Singley, the land being situated in the northeast part of the town. Octo- 
ber 21, an election was held on the question of issuing $3,000 in bonds for con- 
struction purposes, which was carried unanimously. The bonds were to run 
ten years and bear 10 per cent interest. 

January 1, 1870, contract Avas made with Henry Hayes to lay the founda- 
tions, and on the 4th, Wax Bros. & Co., contracted to frame, line and sheet the 
building for $985. In the following July, the electors voted a further issue 
of $3,000 in bonds; and contracts were made for brick, with various par- 
ties, at $12.50 a thousand. November 16, it was agreed to accept Lock- 
wood's job of laying the walls, provided he would clean off the walls, and 
the building was soon after put in condition for receiving the teachers and 
pupils. 

May 20, 1871, the people refused to vote for a further issue of $3,000 in 
bonds. Another election was held July 5, when the measure was carried by a 
large majority. 

The main building is 26x70 feet in size, with a wing in the rear 22x30 feet, 
and vestibule in front 14x20, all two stories high, surmounted by a belfry con- 
taining a large bell. On the ground floor there are three schoolrooms, the 
main part containing two, divided by a wide hall, and the other being in the 
wing. The second story is reached by a stairway on each side of the vestibule. 
The main part is divided into two rooms by folding doors, one of the rooms 
being used for recitation purposes. The wing contains one room. 

The present School Board is as follows: A. P. Berry, President; R. B. 
Carson, Samuel Jennings, W. A. Davis, A. J. Morrison, James G. West, 
Directors; B. B. Burchett, Treasurer; George T. Pulliam, Secretary. 

The teachers for 1878-79 are as follows: T. C. Campbell, Principal ; Mary 
E. Berry, Assistant ; Miss Clara Ethell, Third Primary ; Miss Mary E. Hale, 
Second Primary ; Miss Nadie Crump, First Primary. 

Normal Department. — This originated in 1875, with a proposition from A. 
Matthews, who offered toemployfour teachers, and receive a total tuition of $1,500 
from the district, together with such sums as he could obtain from the tuition 
of pupils from abroad, and he was to have the privilege of admitting 150 addi- 
tional pupils. Mr. Matthews abandoned the field without teaching a day ; but 
Mr. Campbell, the present Principal, offered to carry out the same offer, which 
was accepted, and, it is said, only realized .about $240 for his year's work. The 
following year, the Board increased the compensation to $2,200, and a consider- 
able attendance being obtained from surrounding neighborhoods, the venture 
proved tolerably remunerative. In 1877-78, his compensation was reduced to 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 44& 

$1,500, and in the present school year all the teachers are employed by the 
Board, and the tuition is paid into the district treasury. 

RELIGIOUS. 

Methodist Episcopal. — This society was formed in 1869, and the first class 
composed of John Couch and wife, D. M. Norwood and wife, E. M. Carpenter 
and wife, Jonas Sutton and wife, Aaron Moore and wife, with a few others. 

The different Pastors have been Rev. Messrs. Kirkpatrick, Smith, Smith, 
Morve, Carmine, Freeland and E. Roberts. 

A house of worship was erected in 1870, at a cost of about $2,400. The build- 
ing is 40x60 feet in size, and has a steeple and bell. It was dedicated in 1875 ; 
but through the stress of hard times, it was sold for about an $850 indebtedness 
in the following year, and would have been lost to the society, but for the 
stirring efforts of Rev. Mr. Freeland and W. R. Marshall. Their labors not 
only resulted in saving the church, but in clearing off its entire indebtedness. 

The society has now 116 members. Mr. Marshall is Class-Leader. The 
Stewards are William Marshall and A, S. Downs, and the Trustees are Dr. 
Doom, H. L. Marshall, E. D. Cullison, Charles Montgomery and A. J. Morri- 
son. 

A. J. Morrison is Superintendent of the Sabbath school ; A. S. Downs, 
Assistant; E. D. Cullison, Secretary. The teachers are H. L. Marshall, A. S. 
Downs, David Thompson, Miss Mary Berry, Jane Collen and Mrs. Lefiingwell. 
The pupilage is about seventy. 

First Presbyterian. — This Church was formed by Rev. William. Kendrick, and 
dates from February 7, 1869, the constituent members being L. R. Buck and 
his wife Elizabeth, Mrs. Sarah Cox, George and Elizabeth Singley, George W. 
and Mary Ann Singley, Jennie Singley, Dr. A. and Elizabeth Barker, 
Mrs. M. E. Kendrick, L. R. Buck and G" W. Singley were the first Elders ; 
C. B. Caldwell was added in 1870, and Dr. Bean in 1872. 

The Pastors have been Rev. William Kendrick, Rev. W. J. Ballman, Rev. 
0. J. King ; Rev. Austin Warner and Rev. R. Hahn. 

The house of worship was built in 1871, and is 30x45 feet in size, with 
steeple and bell. 

There are now about forty members. The Elders are L. R. Buck, August 
Post and C. B. Caldwell ; the Trustees, L. R. Buck, J. W. Moore, S. N. Isen- 
berg, R. B. Carson, W. A. Davis. 

J. W. Moore is Superintendent of the Sabbath school ; C. B. Caldwell, 
Assistant ; August Post, Secretary ; Mrs. Isenberg, Treasurer ; the teach- 
ers are John Caldwell, L. R. Buck ; C. B. Caldwell, August Post, Miss Irena 
Isenberg, Mrs. L. E. Hahn. There are about fifty pupils. 

Baptist. — This Society was organized in 1874, by Rev. W. H. Lurton, 
Rev. A. Salladay and Rev. Mr. Redburn, and the first members were as fol- 
lows : A. P. and Harriet Berry, T. C. Campbell and wife, James May and wife, 
Rebecca Long, Mr. Mrs. Lull, Mrs. Gale, Mrs. Davenport. 

The Pastors have been Rev. Messrs. Redburn and. A. P. Berry. 

The society has now about thirty members, and T. C. Campbell is Deacon. 

The meetings are held in the schoolhouse. 

Six additions were made to the Church as the result of a union revival held 
in the winter of 1877-78. 

Christian. — When the removals from Orleans began to Moulton, on the 
prospect that the railroad would be built to the latter place, several families, 
members of the Christian Church at Orleans, decided to remove also. Soon 



450 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

after, Samuel Jordan and wife, G. W. Nash and wife, Jacob Neal and wife, J. 
G. West and wife, John Burdett and wife removed, they resolved to have a 
house of worship at Moulton, and a Building Committee was appointed at 
Orleans for the purpose. The construction was begun in 1868, and the house 
was completed and dedicated in the following year, the sermon being preached 
by Elder Jordan. The building is 24x60 feet in size, and cost of $1,000. It 
has a steeple and bell. 

There are now 152 members. The Elders are J. G. West, Samuel Jordan, 
B. B. Burchett, M. Y. Sellers ; the Deacons are J. L. Hughes, J. L. Lamb, 
R. Nyswinger; J. G. West, Samuel Jordan and J. L. Lamb are the Trust- 
ees. 

F. E. Haughey is Superintendent of the Sunday school; M. Y. Sellers, 
Assistant. The teachers are Ida Haughey, J. Q. Lane, M. Y. Sellers, G. T. 
Moore, Martha Gale, M. D. West, Nancy Manson, J. E. Irwin. The average 
attendance of pupils is about sixty. 

Oatliolic. — The first celebration of mass in Moulton was by Father Craigle, 
in 1870, who found the following Catholics : Andy Dugan, James Callanen, 
Michael Doyle, John Cavanaugh, Michael Johnson, Michael Welch, all of whom 
had families, and a few unmarried men. 

The Pastors have been Fathers Craigle, Moran, Harvey, O'Brien and 
King. 

There are about fifteen families in the congregation. Services are held 
every fourth Sunday, and a Sabbath school is maintained. The society hope to 
build a chapel in the course of a year or two. 

ODD FELLOWSHIP. 

Moulton Lodge, No. 297, I. 0. 0. F.—T]\\b fraternity formed October 27, 
1874, with J. P. Atkinson, W. W. Maddux, E. N. Hills, Ithamar Moore and 
G. W. Walker as charter members. 

The only death since the formation of the Lodge was that of Benjamin 
Archibald, late in 1874. 

A. Wells is now N. G.; G. W. Blosser, V. G.; J. G. West, Secretary; A. 
J. Cowell, Treasurer. 

The Lodge has seventy-eight members, and meets on Saturday evening of 
each week in Moore's Hall. The society's treasury is in excellent condition, 
and it is intended to build a hall during the coming year. 

Prairie Gem Encampment, No. 80, I. 0. 0. F. — This collateral Order was 
instituted very soon after the establishment of the Lodge, with J. H. Mitchell 
as C. P.; J. G. West, H. P.; J. P. Smith, Treasurer; A. Wells, Scribe. The 
other charter members were E. W. Walker, James May, J. W. Moore and G. 
D. Porter. 

The Encampment has now thirty-four members, and meets on the second 
and fourth Tuesdays of each month. E. N. Hills is C. P.; T. C. Camp- 
bell, H. P.; J. G. West, Scribe: A. J. Cowell, Treasurer; J. Q. Lane, 
0. G. 

Welcome Rehekah Degree Lodge, No. 91. — This body was instituted in the 
fall of 1876, and the lady charter members were Mrs. M. D. West, Mrs. T. C. 
Campbell, Eliza Nash, Nancy Jane Cowell, Rebecca Wells. 

Mrs. T. C. Campbell is the present N. G.; Mrs. M. D. West, V. G.; G. 
T. Moore, Secretary; Mrs. Alice Moore, Treasurer. 

The Lodge has twenty-three members, and meets on the first Monday even- 
ing of each month. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. . 451 

MASONIC. 

Sincerity Lodge^ No. 317^ A., F. cf A. M. — The dispensation for this 
Lodge was issued June 7, 1872, by O. P. Waters, then Grand Master, and 
appointed Thomas McAchran, W. M.; A. P. Berry, S. W.; P. H. Calien, 
J. W. 

The first meeting was held June 20, at which time there were present, in 
addition to the three named above, 0. B. Caldwell, M. Hughes, A. H. Griffin, 
J. Bell, John Novinger, F. S. Van Patton, J. W. Gary. 

The first "work " was the initiation of J. C. Thompson, July 17. 

The charter was granted in June, 1873, and the officers elect were publicly 
installed at the Presbyterian Church, June 20. After the installation ceremo- 
nies, a beautifully bound Bible, bearing the principal Masonic emblems, was 
presented by F. C. Overton in behalf of the Masonic ladies of Moulton. 

The officers for 1878-79 are as follows: R. B. Carson, W. M.; S. R. 
Mace, S. W.; Thomas Morrison, J. W.; M. L. Doom, Treasurer ; L. C. Kil- 
1am, Secretary; A. P. Berry, S. D.; J. Bell, J. D.; S. Jennings, Tiler. 

There are about forty-five members. Lodge meets Friday evening, on or 
before full moon, in their hall in a brick building. 



CINCINNATI. 

{Pleasant Township.) 

Cincinnati was the project of Samuel Holbrook, Daniel McDonald and John 
McDonald, who caused the plat to be surveyed by J. F. Stratton, January 5, 
1855. The plat lies on Sections 3 and 4, Township 67, Range 18. The orig- 
inal plat contained four blocks, including twelve lots each. Pleasant street runs 
east and west, and Liberty street north and south. The plat was acknowledged 
March 7, 1855. 

The first settler in the township in which this village is located was Jack 
Vinton, who made a claim near a spring, a little over a mile southwest of where 
Cincinnati now stands. This cabin was built near the Mormon trail, which is 
described elsewhere. Dr. Sturtevant, who has been at considerable pains to 
collect information regarding the first settlement of Appanoose, considers Vinton 
to have been the first settler in the county. This subject will be found discussed 
more fully on a preceding page. Vinton was very little of a farmer. He was 
a Kentuckian by birth, and loved hunting, trapping and ''lining" bee-trees 
better than the laborious details of agriculture, and but little attempt was made 
by him to subdue the prairie soil near his cabin. He occupied his claim till 
about 1854, when he removed to Missouri, having sold his claim to Mr. Putnam. 

Other pioneer settlers were a man named Stotts, Mr. Skipton and Mr. Blair. 
The second child born in the township was probably in the Vinton family, and 
the first marriage is thought to have been Thomas Skipton to a daughter of Mr. 
Blair. The next marriage was a son of Mr. Wood to a young woman named 
Barker. 

Luther P. and Solomon Holbrook, with their families, settled near the cen- 
ter of the township in 1850, and the permanent settlement may be said to date 
from that year. 

The first religious effort in the township was the organization of a Wesleyan 
Methodist Church by the inauguration of a series of prayer-meetings in June, 
1851, which were held alternately at the houses of Solomon Holbrook and S. B. 



452 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Stanton, and were transferred to the schoolhouse the following winter. The 
first preaching was by Rev, Joseph Welch, a M. E. minister, at the house of S. 
Stanton, in August, 1851. 

The first schoolhouse was built three-quarters of a mile west of the public 
square in Cincinnati in the fall of 1852. This was a pretentious structure — 
quite "tony" in fact. It was about 20x24 feet in size, built of hewed logs, 
had glass windows and was heated by a stove. The seats and desks were of 
sawed lumber. In short, it was a gorgeous structure for the county at the time. 
A school was taught the following winter by Richard Conkright, which was 
attended by pupils from the families of L. P. Holbrook, J. H. B. Armstrong, 
Mr. Fulcher, David King, Nathan Stanton, S. B. Stanton, Joseph Welch and 
B. Blair. 

A store was built during this year by Joseph Welch, who used sometimes to 
preach there, as well as at other houses in the neighborhood. 

In the spring of 1853, a Sabbath school was established at the schoolhouse, 
of which David King was Superintendent. A library was bought and paid for, 
and when king subsequently removed to Oregon, he was allowed to take part of 
the books with him. 

Dr. Ball was the first physician to settle in the township. He came in 1853, 
and taught the school in the following winter. 

In 1855, occurred the tragic death of a child of John McDonald. The 
family were living east of Cincinnati, preparatory to removing to the farm just 
bought from Mr. Matkins. During the temporary absence of its mother, the 
child set fire to a lot of clothing, which caught on its own apparel, with fatal 
results. 

Some time in 1856, the wife of John Kimmery, who lived about a mile south 
of Cincinnati, became insane from the result of a badly-managed case of child- 
birth, got out of bed during the husband's temporary absence and wandered 
away. When the husband returned and failed to find his wife, he at once gave 
the alarm. A search was at once instituted, but no trace of the wife could be 
found for several hours. xA.t last, several knowing ones started the suggestion 
that Kimmery had murdered the woman, and proceeded to investigate on that 
basis. Kimmery was placed under guard, and the premises were searched to 
ascertain where the remains had been secreted. So sure were the crowd that a 
murder had been committed that even the well was emptied to discover the 
body. The assemblage were now ripe for summary measure, when the intelli- 
gence came that a party had found the woman in the woods a mile or so south- 
west of the house, alive, but entirely insane. It was probably a fortunate dis- 
covery, for the affair might have had a bloody termination for the poor husband. 

A child of James King was drowned in Mr. Patterson's cistern in 1860. 

CINCINNATI ITSELF. 

The first buildings erected in Cincinnati were those of Walter Johnson and 
Dr. Sayres, in 1855, followed during the same year by the building now used 
by Mr. Leseney as a hotel, and one or two others. Mr. Johnson opened the 
first store in his building. 

A schoolhouse was built within the town limits in 1857, and the first 
teacher was a Mr. Brown. 

The growth of the town was rather slow for several years, but it became 
the trading center for a large neighborhood from the first. Solomon Holbrook 
built a steam flouring-mill before the war, which helped the business of the 
town very much. This was recently burned down. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 453 

In November, 1863, a stirring episode occurred in the history of the town. 
Archibald Brown, a citizen of the town, was a member of the Board of Super- 
visors, and in that capacity had voted against canvassing the votes of soldiers 
in the field, taken at the election in the previous October. Mr. Brown was 
undoubtedly conscientious, and may have been right from a constitutional point 
of vieAV, but his vote was regarded by his neighbors as a stab at the backs of 
the soldiers and an insult to his constituency. Accordingly, a public meeting 
was held, which was by no means Quaker-like in its character. Some of the 
more hasty and injudicious were for proceeding to use summary measures at 
once — which might have been tarring and feathering, burning in effigy, or a 
manifestation of indignation more hurtful still. But the older and more judi- 
cious citizens in attendance suggested that a committee be sent out to wait upon 
their representative and obtain a statement of the reasons that had induced him 
to cast the obnoxious vote. This was carried, and a committee composed of 
David Green, Moses Robinson and J. Leseney were deputed to wait upon Mr. 
Brown. The latter had by this time heard of the meeting, and its objects, and 
fled to Dr. Sturtevant for protection. That gentleman and Elijah Skipton 
forced him to return to his house with them, where the committee met them 
and stated their errand, which was, in substance, to demand an apology for the 
obnoxious vote. The committee were quiet but firm, and after a short inter- 
view, aided by the judicious counsels of Dr. Sturtevant and Mr Skipton, the 
visitors obtained suitable pledges of " indemnity for the past and immunity for 
the future." 

Another account says that the committee demanded that Brown should 
allow the American flag to be placed upon his house, and that Brown gave 
them the privilege of putting a flag-staff on every shingle. This statement 
adds that some of the crowd became tired of waiting for the committee's report, 
and started for Brown's house, but that they were confronted by Ben Points, 
who had just returned from service, and who had posted himself with a rifle 
across their pathway. Ben, who stuttered somewhat, it is said, was eloquent 
on this occasion. He meant to "give the old man a chance." 

The Burlington & Southwestern Railroad was finished to Cincinnati in 
1873, giving the fertile region roundabout an outlet to market, and adding 
considerably to the growth of the town. The community aided the construc- 
tion of the road by a donation of about $2,500. The shipments are mainly 
live cattle, swine, oats, hoop-poles, etc. 

About New Year's, 1877, W. W. Yarham began to board at the Cincinnati 
House. He wanted the folks to have a newspaper, and invited them to coax 
him to manage it. He wanted $75 to begin with, which was promptly fur- 
nished. The paper appeared in about a month, and was neat, newsy and 
bright. The people came forward and patronized the paper very liberally. 
The paper continued till the following June, when Yarham went off for a vaca- 
tion, and, for anything the Cincinnatians know, he is resting yet. The paper 
was run for few a weeks by another man, when he gave it up, and an arrangement 
was made to have its publication continued, the printing being done at Moul- 
ton. This plan did not work to the satisfaction of the Cincinnati people, who 
soon gave the modified Moulton sheet the "bounce," and so the newspaper of 
this town is among the things that were, as it were. 

A case of homicide occurred in Cincinnati on the 4th of July, 1877. The 
section men on the railroad had gone to Unionville, Mo., on a hand car, and by 
the time they got back they were intoxicated with the liquor they had bought. 
A quarrel arose between Dan Crowley and John O'Brien, which led to blows, 



464 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

resulting in O'Brien getting Crowley down, with a prospect of the latter faring 
badly, when Dennis Crowley, Dan's son, rushed upon O'Brien and struck him 
with a fish-plate, felling him to the ground. It was ascertained that the latter's 
skull was fractured, but he revived soon after, and a few days after undertook 
to resume work, but the exertion brought on his death. Dennis was afterward 
arrested, but the case was dismissed at the October term of court, in 1878. 

MUNICIPAL. 

The town of Cincinnati was incorporated early in 1875, the principal motive 
being to obtain power to lay sidewalks along the streets. 

The first Council met April 19, 1875, with A. A. Atherton as Mayor, A. 
S. Brown, Jr., Recorder, J. E. Goodhue, William Sayres, M. N. Beer, H. Ath- 
erton, J. W. May, Trustees. J. N. May was chosen Marshal. On the 26th, 
an ordinance was passed providing for the construction of sidewalks, and at the 
same session a Sabbath ordinance was enacted. 

July 12, J. C. McDonald was elected Treasurer, and on the 26th of Septem- 
ber a tax of 2 mills on the dollar was levied. 

The Council, in 1876, was composed as follows : A. A. Atherton, Mayor ; 
A. J. Bennette, Recorder ; William Sayres, H. Atherton, M. N. Beer, J. E. 
Goodhue, J. C. McDonald, Trustees ; A. J. Bennette, Assessor ; J. Leseney, 
Marshal and Street Commissioner ; J. C. McDonald, Treasurer. 

In 1877, the members of the Council were : William Sayres, Mayor ; A. J. 
Bennette, Recorder ; J. C. McDonald, J. A. Chambers, A. A. Atherton, Henry 
Atherton, W. N. Beer, Trustees ; Henry Atherton, Assessor ; Albert Root, 
Street Commissioner ; J. C. McDonald, Treasurer. 

The officers for the present year are as follows : William Sayres, Mayor ; 
H. A. Brown, Recorder ; A. A. Atherton, L. E. Atherton, M. N. Beer, J. 
Leseney, J. C. McDonald, Trustees ; A. J. Bennette, Assessor and Street 
Commissioner ; J. C- McDonald, Treasurer. 

The Council has succeeded in laying sidewalks along all the principal streets 
— a great convenience to the citizens of this neat town. 

THE SCHOOL. 

The Independent District of Cincinnati was formed in 1868, and includes 
four square miles of terrirory. In 1874, the district began to accumulate a 
building fund by levying a tax. The building was begun in the spring of 
1877, and completed in September following. The building cost $2,600 
and the lots, etc., about $400 more, there being now very little indebtedness. 
The building is two stories high, and 28x40 feet in size, with a front extension 
of 14x28 feet, the whole surmounted by a steeple that can be seen for miles 
around. 

The school officers who had charge of the construction were J. C. Gault, Will- 
iam Stickler and A. A. Atherton, who deserve commendation for the good taste 
shown in the design chosen for the building, which is a structure that will serve 
the town for several years to come. In respect to its school building, Cincin- 
nati has nothing to fear by comparison with other towns. 

The school population isabout one hundred and thirty-five, and the average 
attendance is about one hundred. 

The teachers during the winter of 1877-78 were Samuel Jones, Sarah 
Holbrook and Penelope Baker. The teachers now are George Bryan and 
Sarah Holbrook. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 455 



RELIGIOUS. 



3Iethodist UpiscopoL — It is probable that the first class of this faith was 
formed during the winter of 1852-53, at the schoolhouse west of Cincinnati. 
The first members were Mrs. Sally Holbrook, Mr. and Mrs. Gibson, James 
Welch and wife, Mr. and Mrs. Cooley, Mr. Matkin and wife. Mr. Welch was 
Class-Leader and Exhorter. Rev. Mr. Burgess was one of the early Pastors. 

The house of worship Avas built in 1868. It is 28x40 feet in size, and cost 
about |1,000. It was dedicated by Rev. Mr. Williams. 

The Pastors, since 1863, have been George Clark, Charles Clark, Thomas 
Stevenson, Swanston, Mann, Morrison and Jones. 

There are about fifty members. A. A. Atherton is Class-Leader and Isaac 
Streepy Steward. The Trustees are David Green, A. A. Atherton and Isaac 
Streepy. 

Christian. — This can hardly be said to be in an organized condition, though 
why it is not it is hard to explain. There have been about twenty believers in 
and around Cincinnati for several years past. In February, 1877, a revival 
effort was conducted by Elder Hedrix, of Fairfield, and sixteen converts were 
baptized. In April, 1878, another series of meetings were held by the same 
minister, and four more were added. Occasional sermons have also been 
preached by Elders Downey and Kirkham. 

Meetings are held every Sunday in the hall of Dr. Sturtevant's brick build- 
ing, which has been fitted up for the purpose. J. H. B. Armstrong and Mr. 
Sawyer lead in the work. 

A church should be organized. 

CongregationaL — This Church is the union of two former organizations, 
which should be mentioned here. 

In 1852, a society of the Wesleyan Methodist Church was formed at the 
schoolhouse west of Cincinnati, composed of John Fulcher and wife, Nathan 
Stanton and wife, S. B. Stanton and wife, Walter Johnson, Matilda Johnson, 
Maria Stanton, Solomon Holbrook and wife, Dr. Sayres and wife, L. P. Hol- 
brook and Avife. The ministers who served this society were Daniel Cartright, 
Robert Hawk, John Elliott, Daniel Conner and George Jacques. The mem- 
bership was never large. 

In 1858, a society of the Free Presbyterian Church was formed at Cincin- 
nati, composed of Daniel McDonald and wife, David N. Rice and wife, John 
McDonald and wife, Mrs. Sarah Rice, Florella and Robert Rice, James Rice. 
This was through the efforts of Rev. Messrs. Poage and Merrill. Rev. Mr. 
Fisher was the organizing minister, and was chosen Pastor ; but, having sought 
to enroll the Church on the list of the Synod of the regular Presbyterian 
Church, and having sat as Moderator at the meeting of the regular Presbytery 
at Centerville, he was summarily dismissed by the members, who felt that he 
had acted in bad faith toward them. Rev. Messrs. Merrill and Poage preached 
occasionally to the Church after this. This society raised the frame and inclosed 
their church-building in 1857 ; but, not being able to complete it, it was rented 
for a high-school building for several years, the lessee finishing it. It reverted 
to the society in 1867, and was improved in the following year. The building is 
42 feet long, and cost about $1,000, mainly contributed by half a dozen members. 

When the war closed, a suggestion was made by Rev. David Rice that the 
two societies unite on the basis of the Congregational Articles of Faith, and the 
coalition was effected in 1868, with Rev. Mr. Eells as Pastor, whose successors 
have been A ■ C Elliott and J. T. West. 



456 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

There are about thirty members. J. C. McDonald and C. R. Crowder are 
the Deacons, and the Trustees are Albert Root, J. C. McDonald, Dr. W. A. 
Sayres, J. M. Rice. 

Union Sabbath School. — This is the only Sabbath school in the town, and 
was formed just west of the town in 1853. J. C. McDonald is the present 
Superintendent, A. A. Atherton, Assistant; Edie Atherton, Organist. The 
teachers are Emma Green, A. Atherton, Mrs. N. S. Jacques, Sarah Holbrook, 
Efl5e Morrow, J. M. Rice and Penelope Baker. The usual attendance is about 
seventy-five, and much interest is maintained. 



BELLAIR AND NUMA. 

{BeJlair Township.) 

Bellair was created October 7, 1854, by Alexander Jones, and was surveyed 
and platted by John Potts. It is situated on the southeast quarter of the north- 
west quarter of Section 18, Township 68, Range 18, between the waters of 
Shoal and Cooper Creeks. Jackson and Washington streets run north and 
south, and Main street crosses them. There were just twenty lots. The 
plat was « acknowledged on the same day the surveying was done. 

J. L. Matkin started a store in 1855. 

A post office was established in 1859. 

The town became a pleasaiit little village in process of time. It is charm- 
ingly situated on the edge of the prairie, and now contains about a dozen 
houses. 

The building of the Chicago & Southwestern Road in 1870-71, about half a 
mile away from the village, transferred its business to the station established 
just south. 

The town of Numa was laid out by G. R. Huston and E. E. Harvey, and 
acknowledged by them March 13, 1871. The surveying was done by J. F. 
Stratton February 1, 1871. The magnetic variation is 8° 15'. The plat is 
located on the west fractional half of the southwest fractional quarter of Section 
18, Township 68, Range 18, and the original plat lies wholly north of the depot 
grounds of the Chicago & Southwestern Railroad. 

The business of the town is represented by a well-stocked store, a grocery, 
physician's office, blacksmith-shop, etc. Quite a number of men in the vicinity 
are engaged in quarrying and hauling rock to the depot, the Rock Island Com- 
pany being the purchaser. 

The first sermon ever preached in this neighborhood was by Rev. Mr. Hay- 
rus, a Cumberland Presbyterian minister, probably in 1853. 

A two-story schoolhouse was erected at Bellair in 1857. 

A flouring-mill was erected at Numa several years ago. 

July 17, 1875, the people of Numa and Bellair, as well as the surrounding 
neighborhood, met to have a picnic in the two-story building just erected by 
G. W. Athey. The 4th had been rainy, and it was decided to have an 
adjourned celebration at the later date. Three hard cases, denizens of Wayne 
County, named "Bud" Bland, William and Milton Richardson, came to the 
picnic, and, under the influence of liquor, picked a quarrel with C. M. Morri- 
son, the manager of the celebration, who was assaulted by them and badly mal- 
treated before the rowdies could be got off him. A warrant was issued for their 
arrest, but they fled to Missouri for a few days, so that it could not be served. 
The Richardson brothers, believing they were safe, returned to Seymour, but 




M^jIn^^'Sl^^t^ 



CALDWELL TP 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 459 

the Marshal of that town, John McCoy, had instructions to arrest them Avhen- 
•ever they returned. He undertook to capture them, but was forced to resort to 
his revolver. In the melee that ensued he shot and killed both of them. 

RELIGIOUS. 

Metliodist Episcopal. — This society was formed at Bellair in 1857, the first 
<;lass being Asa Thornburg and wife, William Fox and wife, Perry Steward and 
wife, Russel Matkins and wife. 

The Pastors have been Rev. Messrs. Jesse Hill, George Clark, Morey, 
Boyles, Charles Clark, Miller, Thatcher, Thomas Stevenson, Swanson, Mann, 
John Orr, James Hunter. 

In 1864, a stone building at Bellair was purchased and converted into a 
church, which was used till 1874, when the society proceeded to build a new 
house at Numa. This structure cost about $650 and was dedicated in 1874. 

The Stewards and Trustees are Jacob Norris, Henry Blackburn and W. W. 
Elliott. 

Henry Blackburn is Superintendent of the Sabbath school ; H. C. Dukes, 
^ Assistant and Secretary. The teachers are James John, W. W. Elliott, Jacob 
' Norris, Mrs. Libbie Stiles, Mrs. K. L. Winn, Mrs. Elliott, Miss Eliza Jones. 
The attendance is usually about fifty. 

Christian. — This Church was formed about 1858, the first members being 
Henry Adamson and wife, Dr. Ball and wife. Dr. Morris and wife, James 
Steward and wife, John Steward and wife. 

The ministers have been Elder John Humphreys, Dr. Combs, Capt, L. E. 
Harvey and Elder Judd. 

A house of worship, 24x36 feet in size, was erected at Bellair in 1871, at a 
cost of $1,200, and the dedication sermon was preached by Elder Seavey, of 
Centerville, in the fall of that year. 

At one time there were about two hundred members, but the society is now 
under a cloud. The church has been closed for several months. It Avould 
probably be true to say that there is now nothing but a corporate existence, the 
Trustees being M. Arbogust, Benjamin Adamson and G. R. Moss. It is hoped 
to revive the society soon. 

■^ MASONIC. 

Bellair Lodge^ No. 133., A., F. ^ A. M. — This Lodge was formed by dis- 
pensation, and held its first meeting September 30, 1857, in the upper story of 
the schoolhouse at Bellair, with James Hagin, W. M. ; John V. Criswell, S. 
W. ; Peter Sidles, J. W. The other members were E. E. Harvey, Gavin Mor- 
rison, G. W. Fisher, G. R. Huston and A. Jones. At this meeting, L. J. Ben- 
nett made application for membership on demit. 

At the session of the Grand Lodge in June, 1858, a charter was granted the 
Lodge, although the Committee on Lodges Under Dispensation reported in favor 
of continuing the dispensation another year. 

The deaths among the members have been John V. Criswell, Henry Jaques, 
W. B. Moss and George B. Cole. 

The officers for 1878-79 are as follows : Melvin Knapp, W. M. ; G. W. 
Athey, S. W. ; John H. Wilson, J. W. ; Peter Sidles, Treasurer ; John 
Winn, Jr., Secretary ; M. C. Blackburn, S. D. ; D. S. McCannon, J. D. ; J. 
B. Adamson, Tiler ; M. A. Ilolshouser, S. S. ; W. H. Bradley, J. S. 

There are about thirty-five members. The Lodge meets Wednesday even- 
ing on or before full moon. 

The Lodge removed to Numa in 1871. 



460 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

BELLAIR TOWNSHIP. 

This was organized in its present form in 1858, and the first election held 
in October of that year, at which time George W. Fisher was elected Justice. 

The present officers are : W. Banks, Harrison Baker, L. Spooner, Trust- 
ees ; Hugh Baker, Henry Blackburn, Justices ; Noah Lantz, Clerk. 

The township contains twenty-four square miles, and is watered by Walnut 
and Cooper Creeks. 

ICONIUM. 

[Chariton Township.) 

The plat of Iconium is situated around the center of Section 5, Township 70, 
Range 18, and was surveyed March 24 and 25, 1857, by H. Myers. Twelveblocks 
lie east of the center stone, the three remaining blocks lying west. South, Main 
and North streets run east and west, and are intersected by Lost, Washington, State 
and West streets. The grantor's name does not appear on the record. 

It is said that the town was first laid out in 1854, and that the platting noted , 
above was a resurvey. 

There is but little to glean in this vicinity, in the way of history. The 
Mormon trail of 1846 and subsequent years passed here, but the most of the 
fugitives had passed before this part of the county was settled. 

A saw and corn mill was built by Joseph Steward, south of the town, in 1852. 

The first schoolhouse was built at Iconium, in 1853. This was a log struct- 
ure, and, two years afterward, was removed south of the town. 

One of the preliminary surveys of the Burlington & Missouri Railroad passed 
through Iconium, and the people were considerably elated for a time ; but the 
road gave them the go-by, at last, since which time this place has had no special 
hope of a railroad. 

A newspaper was started here in 1869, but did not long remain. 

The public school is still under the management of the township district. 

The business interest is represented by a large general store, a drug store, 
two blacksmith-shops, a wagon-shop and a steam flouring-mill, the latter built in 
1876. 

RELIGIOUS. 

Methodist Episcopal. — This Church organized a class here as early as 1854, 
and the outfield was known as Chariton Mission. Some of the members of the 
class in 1855, were Thomas and Rebecca Cuppy, Timothy and Sarah Allison, 
John T. Brown and wife, W. H. and Sarah Argo, and Mrs. Mary Argo. 

Some of the Pastors have been David Swem, Benjamin Williams, Jacob 
Delay, Jesse Sherwood, Abner Orr, Samuel Tolbert, Boyles, Britton, Carding- 
ton, Smith, Thorn, Hodges, R. P. Morrison, Swanson, Yengling, John Armisted, 
Jones, David Monroe and W. A. Nye. 

The charge became Melrose Circuit, about the time that Rev. Mr. Sherwood 
was sent here. 

The house of worship was built in 1870, and dedicated by Rev. James 
Allender, Presiding Elder. Its cost was about $1,400. 

There are about sixty members. Horatio Vosburg, Hugh Thompson and 
W. H. Argo are the Stewards ; Robert Turner, Miles Thompson and W. H. Argo, 
Trustees ; Lindsey Gilliland, Class-Leader. 

Christian. — The organization of this faith took place January 25, 1862, 
under the ministration of Elder J. C. Sevey. The first Elders were C. C. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 461 

Trim and Jacob Fees ; the first Deacons, J. R. Clough and William Davenport. 
The other members were Joseph Brees, Benjamin Brees, Margaret Brees, Sr., 
Margaret Brees, Jr., Louisa Clough, Nancy Ann Fees, Lydia A. Bridges, 
Parthenia Ruddle, Mary Brees, Julia Davenport and Margaret Anderson. 

The church was built in 1870, andjwas dedicated by Elder Walden, in June, 
1871. It is 40x48 feet in size, and cost $1,500. 

The Pastors have been Elders Sevey, Wharton, Boyer and Carr. 

There are now about fifty members. H. R. Burns and B. F. Younker are 
the Elders ; Samuel Rhinehart and Frank M. Main, Deacons ; Samuel Rhine- 
hart, Alexander McCloud and James Hilliard, Trustees. 

Union Sabbath School. — As now organized, B. F. Younker is Superin- 
tendent ; Jarfies W. Argo, Assistant ; Robert Turner, Librarian ; Hugh Thomp- 
son, Secretary ; H. R. Burns, Treasurer. The teachers are Horatio Vosburg, 
H. R. Burns, James Elswick, W. H, Argo, Mrs. Jane Moyers and Mary 
Palmer. The average attendance is about fifty. 

THE TOWNSHIP. 

A small Church of the United Brethren faith, was organized along the bor- 
der, between Walnut and Chariton, over twenty years ago, by Rev. Mr. Shafer, 
who built and presented a small building to the society. This was afterward 
sold to the school district, and is now used for a schoolhouse. 

In 1857, a considerable society of the same faith was formed in the northern 
part of the township, known as Salem Church. The organizing members were 
Joshua Funkhouser and wife, David Funkhouser and wife, Jacob Funkhouser 
and wife, Daniel Funkhouser and wife, Aaron McCoy and wife, James Johnson 
and wife, Seth Johnson and wife, Eli Johnson and wife, John W. Main and 
wife, John Hiner and wife. 

The first Pastor was Rev. Mr. Kellogg. 

A church was built in 1860, which is 30x40 feet in dimensions, and cost 
$600. The dedication sermon was preached by Rev. E. B. Kephart, of Western 
College, Linn County. 

The membership is now quite small. Seth Johnson is Class-Leader ; 
Eli Johnson, Steward ; William Eads, William Howard and Seth Johnson, 
Trustees. 

A Union Sabbath School is maintained here. F. M. Main is Superintend- 
ent ; Delia Tissue, Librarian ; Sadie Musgrave, Secretary. The teachers are 
Mrs, Putnam, Mrs. Musgrave, Sarah Tissue, Margaret Musgrave, Frank M. 
Main and J. W. Finley. There are about sixty pupils. 



UNIONVILLE. 

( Udell Township.) 

Unionville is located on the east half of Section 33, Township 70, Range 
16. It was surveyed by J. F. Stratton, April 5, 1849, and recorded Septem- 
ber 5, of the same year, in book 2, page 13. 

The settlement of Udell Township dates from 1843, the first comers having 
been the Crows, some of whose children still live in Unionville and vicinity. 

Probably the next settler was John W. Clancey, who came in 1844 who 
still resides here. Leven Dean, who was at Agency at the time the treaty was 
made with the Sacs and Foxes, in 1842, and who settled in Wapello County 
the next year, removed hither in 1846, and still resides in the township. 



462 HISTORr OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Unionville is on or near the ancient dragoon trail, described at the begin- 
ning of the county history, and consequently on the well-beaten road traveled 
by the Mormons, when fleeing from their settlement on Grand River to escape 
the visible wrath of the Gentiles surrounding them. This is also the point 
where the fugitives from Nauvoo diverged from their ancient trail to seek a 
route westward in 1846, and hence the recollection of the later flight is quite 
vivid in this neighborhood. 

The first death in the vicinity was probably that of John Zinch, which is 
stated by Mr. and Mrs. Dean to have occurred in 1845. 

The first schoolhouse in the township was built near Mr. Clancey's house, 
in the summer or fall of 1846. It was small in size, and built of round logs. 
A school was taught the succeeding winter by Albird Thompson, whose pupils 
were from the families of John W. Clancey, Leven Dean, Mr. Albertson and 
Mrs. Eaton. Meetings were held here during the same winter, and a class of 
the M. E. Church organized, undoubtedly the first religious society formed in 
the county. 

The marriage of Mr. Smart and Mrs. Zuck took place in 1847. 

Unionville grew quite rapidly, for a frontier town, for two or three years 
after being laid out, and Mr. John Lankford, of Centerville, says that in 1850 
the town was decided ahead of Centerville, both in business and in population. 

The first store started was John Miller's, in 1850, and Mr. Hunt and Dr. 
Udell established themselves in business here not long after. 

The town remained practically stationary from 1856 till 1871, when the 
building of the Chicago & Southwestern Railroad added considerably to its 
population and business. Surrounded, as the town is, with an excellent farm- 
ing district, and being at a considerable distance from any other railroad town, 
the indications are very favorable for further growth. The present business 
interest is represented by two hotels, two or three stores, drug store, two phy- 
sicians, and several shops, and the appearance of the place betokens a sound 
condition of business. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

The first schoolhouse here was built of hewed logs in 1850, and was heated 
by a stove. George Taylor was probably the first teacher, and his pupils were 
from the families of J. Staley, John Miller, Phineas Taylor, Andrew Morrison, 
Dr. Udell, Leven Dean and William Daugherty. 

The Independent District of Unionville was formed about 1862, and a two- 
story frame building was erected in the following yeai*, at a cost of about |1,800. 
This indicates that Unionville is as Avell provided for school purposes as any 
town in the county, population considered. The enrollment of pupils in the 
district is about one hundred and fifteen. Mr. Goddard is the present Principal, 
and Miss Amanda J. Miller is Assistant. 

RELIGIOUS. 

Methodist Episcopal. — The first class was organized in the fall or winter of 
1846, by Rev. Hugh Gibson, who was the first regularly appointed rider on the 
mission west of Davis County. The first members of the class, so fir as can be 
obtained, were Leven Dean and his wife M. A., Mr. and Mrs. A. Morrison, 
Mrs. M. A. Mershon, Mrs. Sears and Mrs. Eaton. The few Presbyterians and 
Baptists in the vicinity united with those above named until the increase in pop- 
ulation would enable them to maintain societies of their own. Mrs. Riggs, who 
had been a Baptist, continued her connection with the Methodists till her death. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 463 

A Quarterly Meeting was held in the vicinity as early as 1847, presided over 
by Elder Stewart. 

Some of tlie early Pastors were Rev. Messrs. Hugh Gibson, William S. Man- 
son, Bryant, Johnson, Rowley, Poston, Pierce, James Still, Carey, Winings and 
Darrah. 

The church was built in 1856, and was dedicated in 1858. It is 40 feet 
square. 

There are now about fifty members. James Phillips is Class-Leader ; J. 
B. Morrison, G. W. Dean, Stewards ; R. Buckmaster, G. W. Dean, J. B. Mor- 
rison, Trustees. 

The Sabbath school is claimed to be the successor of the first organization 
effected in the township, of which Leven Dean was Superintendent, probably in 
1847. J. H. Phillips is the present Superintendent ; Mrs. Margaret Taylor, 
Assistant; Jennie Randall, Secretary and Librarian. The teachers are R. 
Buckmaster, Amanda J. Miller, Mrs. E. H. Sawyers, Margaret Taylor and J. 
B. Morrison. The attendance is about forty. 

Presbyterian. — This society has been in existence thirty years, having 
been formed in 1848, by Rev. J. E. Ewing, who subsequently died at 
Winterset. The first Elders were C. H. Howell and Elisha Sawyers. The 
first members were John Graham and wife, Mrs. E. Sawyers, R. McMurray 
and wife, Msr. E. A. Drake, Mrs. D. H. Miller, and perhaps two or three 
others. 

The different Pastors have been Rev. Messrs. J. H. Shields, Smith, Fisher, 
Kain, Kendrick, Jones, Merwin and Hahn. 

The society built its house of worship in 1871. The building is 36x44 feet 
in size, with vestibule 12x20, and cost about $1,800. 

The membership is twenty-nine. J. B. Stuckey, D. R. Farley and Dr. S. 
H. Sawyers are the Elders ; J. H. McAdams, J. B. Stuckey, Dr. Sawyers, G. 
N. McMurray, D. R. Farley, Trustees. 

Mrs. L. L. Taylor is Superintendent of the Sabbath school ; Mrs. S. H. 
Sawyers, Assistant ; Mrs. Mattie J. Phillips, Secretary and Librarian. The 
teachers are Amanda Miller, Mrs. Phillips, Mrs. Sawyers, Mrs. E. H. Sawyers, 
Mrs. M. M. Sawyers. There are about sixty pupils. 

Baptists. — A church of this faith was organized here in 1853, the first mem- 
bers being Joel Staley and wife, John Hicks and wife, Robert Frost and 
wife. 

The Pastors have been Rev. Messrs. I. M. See, Thompson, Green and Will- 
iam Barnet. 

A church was built in the village in 1856, but just before its completion it 
was burned down. It was 36x40 feet. 

Owing to political differences among the members, no meetings were held 
for about ten years ; but, after the war, the organization was revived, and the 
society is now in a peaceful, prosperous condition. Meetings are held at the 
Clancey Schoolhouse, two miles west of Unionville. 

There are now about forty members. The Elders are Joel Staley, Colloway 
Baker and James Creech. 

A Union Sabbath school is maintained here, of which Calloway Baker is 
Superintendent. 

Dunkards. — This society has a church two miles south of Unionville, which 
was built in 1870, at a cost of about $1,500. 

The society was formed in 1856. 



464 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



MASONIC. 

Unionville Lodge, No. 119, A.,F. <^f A. M. — The dispensation for this Lodge 
was issued October 16, 1857, by John F. Sanford, Grand Master, and at Grand 
Lodge, in June following, a charter was granted without comment, from which it 
is inferred that the officers were "bright." The officers during the first year 
appear to have been : T. J. Taylor, W. M.; S. Clark, S. W.; N. Udell, J. W.; 
J. Delay, Treasurer; M. Davis, Secretary; J. N. Kiggs, S, D.; E.Taylor, J. 
D.; E. Davis, Tiler. 

The deaths have been T. J. Taylor (in the volunteer service), Phineas Taylor, 
Samuel Matheny, Rev. T. D. Boyles, Mr. Shafer, Mr. Ralston and J. A. J. 
Thomas. 

Present officers: J. N. Riggs, W. M.; J. B. Morrison, S. W.; T. D. Barnet, 
J, W.: D. A. Sawyers, Treasurer; A. Hicks, Secretary; S. E. Lane, S. D.; 
C. W.' Morrison, J. D.; D. P. Denny, Tiler. 

The Lodge has about fifty members. Meets Thursday evening before full 
moon. 

MORAVIA. 

{Taylor Township.) 

Moravia was laid out by Joseph Stauber, Theophilus Vierle and Ephraim 
Conrad, and was surveyed June 27, 1851. The location is on the northeast 
quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 4, Town 70, Range 17. The plat 
was recorded July 15, 1851, in book A, page 158. 

These three men emigrated, with their families, from North Carolina in 

1849, and stayed in Jefferson County during that winter. In the spring of 

1850, they came to Appanoose County, and Mr. Stauber bought a claim held 
by a Mormon, and which, the following year, became the site of the present 
village of Moravia. 

One of the Mormon trails leading from Nauvoo westward, in 1846, passed 
directly through where Moravia now stands, thence along the ridge through 
Iconium, and so on west. This was subsequently adopted as a public highway, 
and there is hardly a road in Iowa more closely bordered with farm dwellings — 
so close, as one expresses it, that a stone could be almost throAvn from one house 
to another. 

Moravia grew rapidly during the first ten years of its existence, and, just 
prior to the building of the Burlington & Missouri Railroad, there were six or 
seven stores in the town, as well as other business places. The town held on 
pretty well till about 1870, when a newspaper, called the Messenger., was 
established. 

The first store opened in the place was by Solomon Long, probably in 1851. 

Ed. Reich was the first Postmaster, and the mail was carried from Unionville 
once a week by Joshua Sumner. 

The first school taught in the vicinity was by Harvey McCoy, in the winter 
of 1850-51, in a log cabin one mile southeast of the town. This was attended 
by children from the families of Daniel Cummins, Seward Sumner, E. Conrad, 
Mr. Weiring and J. Conrad. 

The first marriage was that of Capt. Cummins to Miss Stauber, probably in 
1852, and the first death, that of Isabel Sumner, about the same time. 

An Odd Fellows' Lodge was established here years ago, but surendered its 
charter in 1875. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. ^ 465 

Mrs. Mary McLane, who had been recently married, committed suicide 
September 15, 1867, by hanging herself in the loft of her house with a skein 
of yarn. Her husband had quarreled with her, and had threatened to leave 
her, and the rash act was committed in a fit of despondency. 

A small flouring-mill was built in 1877, to be driven by wind-power, but, 
this proving insufficient, steam is being substituted. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

A schoolhouse was built in 1853, by members of the Moravian Church, 
which was used three years, when it burned down. The commodious two-story 
building now standing in the public square was built in 1867, under the 
authority of the township district. 

The Independent District was 'organized April 17, 1868, with E. Cummins 
as President; W. S. McCloud, Vice President; P. Reeder, Secretary; E. 
Powell, Treasurer; L. Crist, E. Dodd, B. C. Stauber, Directors. 

The public square was fenced in 1870. 

John J. Cree is now President of the Board ; M. Winsler, William Tissue, 
Directors ; E. Cummins, Treasurer Dr. S. N. Harvey, Secretary. 

Ruth Cree is Principal of the school and Laura Reich, Assistant. The 
number of pupils of school age is about sixty. 

RELIGIOUS. 

Moravian. — This Society should not be confounded with the United Breth- 
ren, although the doctrine taught is about the same. The Moravians claim 
John Huss as their founder, they having declined to bear arms in the religious 
wars waged by the Catholics in Bohemia against the Protestants, thus having 
adopted the doctrine of non-resistance, even before the Quakers. The Church 
here may be said to date from the settlement of Joseph Stauber, Edward Reich, 
Ephraim Conrad and Theophilus Veiring, with their families, in 1850, who 
laid out the town for. the benefit of the future society, and dedicated forty acres 
in addition for church and parsonage grounds, most or all the money having 
been contributed by a philanthropic member in North Carolina. 

In the fall of 1852, Rev. Charles Barston, of Indiana, visited the colony 
and preached a few times. During his stay, several children were baptized. 

A schoolhouse was built in 1853, but burned down in 1856. 

Rev. Hiram Myers began preaching here, probably in 1854, and moved to 
Moravia in 1856. 

The church-building, which was dedicated July 25 or 26, 1857, is about 
28x40 feet in size. 

Bishop Shults visited the church in the spring of 1859. 

In 1864, Rev. Henry Cooper, who had recently settled in Illinois, became 
Pastor, but being drafted into the military service in Ohio, returned to that 
State, served for awhile, and came back to his charge in the following winter. 
In 1865, he married a daughter of Mr. Stauber, when he was called to a church 
in North Carolina. 

Rev. Lewis Clewell was the next Pastor, succeeded by Rev. Francis Knauss, 
he by Rev. Benjamin Ricksecker, and he by Rev. James Haman, the present 
incumbent. 

There are twenty-five members. Paul Oehler, Fred. Blumenstalk and 
Jacob Babst, are the Elders. 

Cumberland Presbyterian. — This Church was organized by Rev. Mr. Law- 
rence, December 17, 1853, and the constituent members were T. W. Patrick, Jane 



466 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Patrick, Jonathan Davenport, W. M. Biddle, Eunice B, Biddle, James Reatty,. 
Robert Patterson, Nancy L. Andrews, Priscilla R, Hayes, Lementine A. Hayes, 
Rosetta A. Hayes, Charlotte Cook, Lucinda Davenport and Rebecca Cuppy. 

The Pastors have been Rev. Messrs. Lawrence, Wheelers, Hawks, George 
S. Adams, Levi Hewitt and Smith McCall. 

The construction of the house of worship was begun in 1874, and finished 
in 1876. It is 28x42 feet in size, and cost $1,500. The dedicatory sermon 
was preached October 7, 1877, by Rev. W. F. Baird, of Burlington. 

The society has about sixty members. John H. Williams, F. M. Sharp 
and J. J. Cree, Trustees ; James Beatty, James Cree, John Sharp, D. B. 
Horner, Elders; J. H. Williams, A. F. Grabill, Deacons. 

Methodist Episcopal. — This Church was formed in 1853, or the year fol- 
lowing. The class was composed of Mr. Shinn and wife, William Elswick and 
wife, with a few others. 

Some of the Pastors have been Rev. Messrs. Manson, Delay, Clark, Mor- 
rison, Thorn, K. P. Morrison, Morton, Ashbaugh, John Orr, McFadden and 
Carrier. 

The church-house was built in 1867, at a cost of about $1,500. 

The society has at present thirty-six members. Sanford Huffman is Class- 
Leader ; Mrs. Elizabeth Winsler, Steward ; Dr. Huffman, A. E. Monroe, 
William Shetterly, Michael Winsler, J. T. Harn, Trustees. 

Union Sabbath School. — This appears to have been formed in 1851, with 
Ephraim Conner as first Superintendent. 

As now organized. Rev. James Haman is Superintendent ; J. A. Monroe,. 
Assistant ; John Stauber, Librarian ; William Peatman, Secretary ; J. T, 
Harn, Treasurer. The teachers are J. J. Cree, F. M. Sharp, Eugene Horner, 
J. T. Harn, Mary Reich, Ruth Cree. The average attendance is about sixty-five. 

MASONIC. 

Antiquity/ Lodge, No. 252, A., F. <f A. M. — The dispensation for this 
body was issued December 16, 1868, by Reuben Mickel, Grand Master. 
Pickering Tarr was W. M. ; F. M. Sharp, S. W. ; J. B. Anderson, J. W. 
There were ten other members. 

The only death has been that of John Sharp. 

Taylor McFatridge is the present W. M. ; J. T. Harn, S. W. ; S. N. Har- 
vey, J. W. ; John Duvall, Treasurer ; J. J. Cree, Secretary ; Eugene Fuller, 
S. D. ; Amos A. Hayes, J. D. ; D. Pence, Tiler. 

The Lodge meets Saturday evening on or before full moon. It has about 
thirty-five members. ^ 

WALNUT CITY. 

( Walnut Township.) 

Walnut City is situated on Sections 4 and 5, Town 69, Range 18, and Sec. 
tions 32 and 33, Town 70, Range 18. The dedicators were John Scott, Francis 
Childers, James Bartlett and Madison Hollman, who acknowledged the deed 
November 17, 1858, before W. J. Darrah, J. P. It was surveyed on the 27th 
and 28th of July by J. H. Hough, County Surveyor. East, State and West 
streets run north and south, intersected by Main street. The variation is 
9° 30'. 

Some of the first settles in the township were Isaac and Nathan Bartlett, a 
man named Marchbank, and Rev. Daniel Shafer, a United Brethren preacher. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 467 

A Baptist Church was formed in the neighborhood, probably as early as 
1848. Some of the first members were the Bartletts, Marchbanks, Childers 
and Thomas Richardson. When the first schoolhouse was built in the town- 
ship, the meetings were held in it. A house was built two miles west of Wal- 
nut City about 1856, and named Concord, which stood till about 1875, when 
a new house was built — a very neat structure. The society has now about 
seventy-five members. A. F. Haines is one of the Deacons, and D. 0. Scott 
is Superintendent of the Sabbath school, which is well attended. 

The first school ever held in the township was in 1853, at a small log cabin, 
taught by a Mr. Masters. The first schoolhouse was a frame structure erected 
in 1854, and a school was taught therein by John P. Smith, in the winter of 
1854-55. Occasional spelling-schools were held here during the same winter, 
as well as at the settlers' houses. Smith, who was something of a vocalist, also 
taught a singing-class, so that the young people of Walnut had ample resources 
for amusement during the winter. Smith had acquired his knowledge of music 
according to the "patent note system,"* a scheme very popular in the past 
generation. Mason's " Harp " came around in 1850, or thereabouts, and 
Smith secured a copy while teaching his school. He succeeded in getting a 
slight knowledge of the round-notes, and, in order to maintain his prestige, used 
to sing from it to his friends ; but it was noticed that he invariably selected the 
melodies with which he was most familiar, so that he could sing them from 
memory. Smith was quite a local character, and, in the winter of 1853, made 
several thousand rails for David Scott. The weather was very cold, but he 
persisted in doing without socks, underclothing or overcoat. The deep snow, 
however, forced him into buying a pair of boots. Smith had a license as 
" exhorter " from the M. E. Conference, and held occasional services in the 
neighborhood. When the war came Smith enlisted, but did not live to return, 
and his personal worth, as well as his labors for good in Walnut Township, have 
amply earned this biographical mention. 

The first death was that of Henry Clay Scott, in 1853. 

The first marriage was that of E. Wakefield to Margaret S. McNeff, October 
27, 1853. 

Wolves were very numerous in this township for several years after its 
settlement. On one occasion, David Scott succeeded in trapping a cub partly 
grown, which he promised his boys to tame. He put a leather collar on the 
beast, attached a " trace " chain and fastened the chain to a post with a leather 
thong. In the morning, the cub and chain were gone. The animal was 
repeatedly seen after that, but was not captured again for two years, when the 
chain was' recovered also. The brute had dragged it wherever he went, and the 
chain was as bright as a dollar. 

A class of the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in the winter of 
1854-55 by John P. Smith, the membership being mainly among the McNefi" 
and Wakefield families. The society, which has now about twenty-five members, 
built a church in Walnut City in 1873, which is about 28x40 feet in size, and 
cost $1,500. Mrs. Stafford is Superintendent of the Sabbath school. 

A church of the United Brethren faith was organized in the township at an 
early day by Rev. Mr. Shafer, who built a small church in the southern part of 
Chariton Township from his own means, and donated it to the society. The 
organization finally broke down, and the building was converted into a school- 
house. 

*The "patent note system " now practiced by glib-tongued agents in the rural neighborhoods is a great stimulus 
to TocalizatioD, but the mnsic is not so tuneful as that secured by the old plan. 



468 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY, 

The first store opened in Walnut City was by the McNeif Brothers, soon 
after the town was laid out. The town, at its fullest development, had two 
stores, a wagon-shop, blacksmith-shop, shoe-shop and pei'haps a dozen dwellings. 
This business showing has for several years been reduced to a store, post office, 
blacksmith and wagon shop. 

The post office was not established till 1866. Prior to that time, a club 
existed, each of whom would visit Centerville in regular order for the purpose 
of getting the neighborhood mail. 

The Christian Church at Walnut City was organized in the township in 
1865, the first members being David Scott and wife, John Scott and wife, William 
Myers, W. H. Clark and wife, George Elgin and wife. The ministers since 
the formation of the society have been Elders E. E. Harvey, J. C. Porter and 

;- Walden. The house of worship was built in Walnut City in 1856, and is 

a frame building, about 28x40 feet in size. At one time the society had about 
one hundred and sixty members, and the number is still about one hundred and 
twenty-five. W. B. Stevens and Josiah Harvey are now the society's Elders ; 
W. S. Main and W. T. Myers, Deacons. Thomas McNeff is Superintendent 
of the Sabbath school, which has about fifty attendants ; Newton Harris is 
Assistant ; Samuel Cates, Secretary ; William Myers, Treasurer. The teachers 
are William Myers, W. B. Stevens, William Harris, Mary Myers, Joseph Hol- 
loway, Mary Holloway, Mrs. William Owings. 

A mock Legislature was established in the winter of 1877-78, which afforded 
a great deal of amusement in the neighborhood. This is to be revived during 
the coming winter. 

It is said that the township has had no history of an exciting or tragic nature. 
Mr. Scott, now Clerk of the Courts, says he held the office of Justice in the 
township for six years, and that he had only two cases during the time, and both 
on change of venue from other townships. 

Walnut contains only twenty-four square miles, and is watered by the Chari- 
ton and the two Walnut Creeks. A glance at the statistical tables in another 
place will indicate population and other interesting information. 



HIBBSVILLE. 

[Franklin Township.) 

Hibbsville is situated on the northeast quarter of Section 35, Township 68» 
Range 19, and was surveyed for James and Pleasant Hibbs, September 15> 
1862. 

A glance at the map will show that the plat lies near the northeast corner 
of the township. The laying-off of the plat induced quite a number of fam- 
ilies to settle here at an early day. A post office was established in 1853, 
which yet remains. 

A schoolhouse was built in 1854. This was a frame structure, and prob- 
ably the very first of the kind in the county. 

James Hibbs, the proprietor of the plat, started a store in 1851, and in 
1853 started a saw-mill. In 1855, the facilities of the town for doing busi- 
ness were further increased by the building of a flouring-mill, in connection with 
which a carding machine was started. 

In 1857, the town had a hotel, three general stores, a drug-store, a black- 
smith-forge and a shoe-shop, all doing a good business. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 469 

The mutations of population affected the little town unfavorably, and when 
the Chicago & Southwestern Road was built across the county, leaving Hibbs- 
ville two miles on one side, the people migrated in various directions, and most 
of the buildings were removed at the same time. 

So it goes — the engineer's transit makes unavailing the plans laid by the 
pioneers for the location of towns. Had not Numa been established, it is prob- 
able that the business of Hibbsville would have long remained. There is one 
store in the place, owned by James Hibbs. 

THE TOWNSHIP. 

It is stated that the pioneer settler of Franklin was Joseph Jump, a well- 
known character among the first inhabitants, who made a claim in 1848. He 
had, however, been in the county two or three years prior to that time. Those 
who came next were James Hibbs, Mr. Barney and Mr. Parker, in 1853. 

The post office at Livingston was established in 1858, with E. 0. Smith as 
Postmaster. 

A Baptist society was formed in the vicinity of Livingston in 1855, the 
organizing members being Benjamin Barney and wife, L. G. Parker and wife, 
A. E. Stevens and wife, Levi Wafford and wife, the first meeting being held at 
Mr. Parker's house. The first preacher was Elder Blackburn, whose successors 
have been Elders John Osborn, Bolster, Benton, Burkholder, Turton, Parker 
and Archer. The society now meets at the Livingston Schoolhouse, but intend 
to build in 1879, as it now owns two acres of ground for church and cemetery 
purposes, the donation of E. 0. Smith, Esq. The Deacons of the church now 
are Allen Pettitt, R. B. Williamson and William Condra; Samuel N. Bell, 
Clerk. There are about sixty members. 

A Union Sabbath School is maintained here. H. L. Halladay is Superin- 
tendent ; E. 0. Smith, Assistant ; Charles Landers, Secretary ; James Mur- 
phy, Librarian. The teachers are E. 0. Smith, Mrs. Nancy J. Parker, Mrs. 
Smith, Mrs. Hallady, R. B. Wilkinson, and Mrs. Helen Wood. The average 
Attendance is thirty-nine. 

The earliest marriage remembered was that of Benjamin Joiner to a niece 
of Absalom Foster, probably about 1854. 

A steam saw -mill was set in operation by E. 0. Smith in 1858, followed 
soon after by a flouring-mill. 

During *^the v/ar, a " contraband " named John Jones, found employment 
about the premises of Mr. Parker, who was absent in the service. John was a 
quiet, steady-going fellow, and, not long after he became an inmate of the Parker 
family, joined the church. John's residence in Franklin was regarded as highly 
reprehensible by several citizens, most of whom lived about Hibbsville, and who 
had posted notices, intimating that the negro must leave. One night, Mrs. 
Parker was awakened by a loud crash, but believing that a pantry-shelf had 
fallen, and being very tired, did not get up to ascertain the cause. In the 
morning, she found that a Avindow had been broken and the Aveather-boarding 
near it bruised by a volley of stones thrown by the heroic enemies of Jones. 
The next morning, a denizen of Hibbsville went over to tell Mrs. Parker that 
a meeting had been held at that place the previous evening, in which a reso- 
lution was passed that John must leave the neighborhood. While he was talk- 
ing, a mounted party appeared, riding toward the Parker house. They were 
seen by Mr. E. 0. Smith, who, fearing that mischief was meant, ran over and 
confronted the men as they dismounted at the gate. The party turned out to 
be a detachment of the State-line patrol, formed of citizens along both sides of 



470 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. i 

the boundary for mutual protection. These men had heard of the outrage, and 
had assembled to investigate it. They were invited into the house, where the 
Hibbsville man sat, looking badly frightened and apparently anxious to cut his 
visit short. The patrol and Mr. Smith pressed him into giving an account of 
the meeting the night before, minute enough to satisfy a metropolitan daily. 
He was given some very pointed and wholesome advice, and allowed to go. 
When last seen, he was traveling in the direction of Hibbsville at a gait that 
would have been a credit to the " seven-league boots." This accidental but 
seasonable show of force prevented any further trouble about John. 

A school district was organized around Livingston April 9, 1859, and the 
first teacher was Mr. Goodenough. A building owned by E. 0. Smith was 
used as a schoolroom till 1865, when a house was built. The district now 
includes about twenty families. 

A store was started in 1865 by Thomas Frost. The present store-keeper is 
William Bales. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church in this township holds its meetings at the 
Wilson Schoolhouse, and a Union Sabbath School is conducted at the same place. 

There is a society of Dunkards in this township. Meetings are held at the 
Valley schoolhouse. Elder William Stickler has been Pastor for several years. 

The Church of God, or " Weinbermarians," a society having a general 
resemblance to the Dunkards, have meetings both at the Wilson and Valley 
Schoolhouses. Elder Richardson, their Pastor for some time past, has just 
given way to Elder Mullen. 

Franklin, somewhat contrary to the rule in this part of Iowa, is settled by 
New York people. 



DEAN AND HILLTOWN. 

( Wells Toivnship.) 

Dean lies in the southwest corner of Section 4, Wells, near where the Mis- 
souri, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad crosses Indian Creek, and is a station on that 
railroad. It was named after Henry Clay Dean, for many years a leading 
politician in Iowa, and who now resides on a farm four miles south of this sta- 
tion, just over the Missouri line. 

The plat was surveyed April 12, 1873, by Henry Shaw, and was dedicated 
as a town by James W. Summers in July of the same year. About two-fifths 
of the plat lies south of the track of the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad, 
which has a direction here from southeast to northwest. The streets from 
east to west are numbered, beginning on the south side of the plat, while those 
running north and south are designated by the letters of the alphebet, begin- 
ning on the west side. 

For a time, the indications were that Dean would become a brisk little town ; 
but, the valley proving unhealthy, several settlers withdrew. A store or two was 
established, but the business was abandoned, and, besides the depot business and 
post office, nothing but a drugstore is maintained. 

Considerable coal-mining is done in the vicinity. 

HILLTOWN. 

This is a little hamlet on Chariton River, in Section 16, two miles south of 
Dean, and known on the records as Pleasant View, which has fot several years 
past done a brisk business in mining and hauling coal to surrounding towns. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 471 

Latterly, however, this business having been abridged, those interested in main- 
taining the coal business at this point, have undertaken the construction of a 
railway track from Dean to the mines at Hilltown, so that cars can be loaded 
at the latter mines. When this is accomplished, these mines will become very 
valuable. 

This town started as a collateral of the milling business established by Col. 
Wells, nearby, in 1845, and is about as old as Centerville, although not regularly 
platted at so early a date. It was quite a trading-point twenty-five years ago : 
but the progress of settlement drew its business away fifteen years ago. 

It was said that a few years ago, in digging a well at Hilltown, the work- 
men passed through a bed of coal six feet in thickness, at a distance of about 
twenty feet below the plane of the other. If this be true, Hilltown will become 
a point of considerable prominence in the near future. 

THE TOWNSHIP. 

The site of this intended village of Leona is situated on the southwest 
quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 2, Town 67, Range 16, and was 
dedicated by R. D. Taylor, September 11, 1858. The surveying was done by 
E. D. Skinner April 29, 1857. Main and North streets run east and west, 
intersected by Locust street, running north and south. The magnetic variation 
is 10° 30'. 

Wells Township derives its name from Col. James Wells, who settled near 
the Chariton in 1839, and, in a year or so after, began the construction of a saw- 
mill, in which work he was assisted by Jack Klinkenbeard, Asa Kirby, Will- 
iam Shauver and others. 

Many interesting details pertaining to the history of this township will be 
found in the general history. 

Wells Township contains seventeen or eighteen miles of railway, being 
crossed by every line entering the county, except the Chicago & Southwestern. 
Its principal market town is Moulton, a portion of which village, including the 
depot, lies within the northern limit of Wells. 



ORLEANS. 

( Washington Township.) 

Orleans was laid out and surveyed August 16, 1851. The plat comprised 
twenty-four lots, and is situated on Sections 1 and 2, Township 68, Range 16, 
and Sections 35 and 36, Township 69, Range 16. Lot 7, Block 3, was appro- 
priated for school grounds. The deed was acknowledged by Samuel F. Cronk, 
John P. Jennings, Elizabeth Howell, Josiah Hickman and T. J. Killiam, before 
William Wittett, Justice of the Peace, March 5, 1855. 

Several of the most important events in the county's history have trans- 
pired at Orleans and vicinity, among them the execution of Hinkle, in 1858, 
and the capture of Foster, both of which are given at length elsewhere. 

About twenty years ago, a baby was found drowned in a well near Orleans. 
A stick had been fastened by a cord to the child's neck, and the stick thrust 
into the clay at the bottom of the well to keep the infant's head under water. 
An effort was made to convict the child's mother of the crime, but without 
success. 

Orleans was at its best estate in 1865, when the place had two general 
stores, a drug store and two blacksmith-shops. The building of the railroad to 



472 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Moulton had a depressing effect upon Orleans, and its business interest is now 
reduced to a blacksmith-shop and post office. 

The schoolhouse at this place was built in 1858. 

The Christian Church at this place is relatively the strongest in the county. 
It was formed in 1855, the first members being Elder Jordan and wife, Elder 
J. N. Dunbar and wife, Mr. Wallace and wife, Mr. Watson and wife, Mr. Rogers 
and wife. A large church-building was erected in 1858. 

The Pastors of the society have been Elders Samuel Jordan, S. P. Down- 
ing and J. N. Dunbar. 

In 1868, the society had about two hundred members. It was then fore- 
seen that a considerable loss would ensue from the removal of a good many 
members to Moulton, and the society determined to assist the members who 
were leaving them. Accordingly, George Nash, Jacob Neal and Elder Jordan 
were appointed by the Orleans society as a Building Committee for the Moul- 
ton church, and a large contribution furnished by the Orleans members toward 
the new edifice. 

The Church at Orleans has now about sixty members, and is in a good, 
healthy condition. The only trouble the Church has ever had was a threatened 
withdrawal of several members during the war, on account of political differ- 
ences ; but this was promptly adjusted in a Christian spirit, and the angry feel- 
ing entirely overcome. It is never mentioned by those concerned, except with 
an acknowledgment that they were too hasty. 

The present officers of the Church are: Messrs. Dunbar and Wallace, Elders; 
Hiram Lee and William Wooldridge, Deacons. 

Mr. Wallace is Superintendent of the Sabbath school, which is attended by 
about sixty pupils, divided into five classes. 



ALBANY. 

( Udell Township.) 

This was once a little village in Section 1, Udell Township, and rose to the 
prominence derived from having two stores, a post office and a blacksmith-shop. 
A local chronicler states that the village was once the resort of thieves and 
counterfeiters, but the historian asks to demur as to false coinage in this part of 
Iowa. 

The building of the Burlington & Missouri road prevented Albany from 
growing in size, and the construction of the Chicago & Southwestern proved 
the " killing frost " that ended its existence. In 1873, an excellent crop of 
corn was raised on the town site. Let the epitaph read, " It might have been." 



EXLINE. 

{Caldivell Township.) 

" Caldwell City," as surveyed by J. J. Hall, the 6th and 7th of March, 1873, 
is located on the southeast quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 32, Town- 
ship 68, Range 17. It lies south of the Burlington & Southwestern Railway 
track. At first, the railway company was disposed to ignore this as a stopping- 
place, but a switch was put in, owing to this being a better location for receiv- 
ing farm produce and railway ties than Caldwell, which lies two miles further 
east. Mr. Exline, the proprietor of the plat, however, started in the dry goods 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 47S 

business some years ago, and is now building a larger store to accommodate his 
growing business. There are two other stores in the town, and a drug store. 
A saloon was started in the winter of 1877-78, but could not earn a living for 
its proprietor. 

It is stated that $600 worth of railway ties were purchased here in Septem- 
ber last, most of them being hauled from the edge of Missouri. 

An application was made for the establishment of a post office here in April, 
1876, but without success until February, 1877, when the petition was granted, 
and Mrs. Price appointed Postmistress. The post office was named Exline, 
and soon after the railway company gave the stopping-place the same name. 

The village is still destitute of a depot building and telegraph office ; but 
these needs will probably soon be supplied. 

A Christian Church was organized in this neighborhood in 1855, some of 
the first members being James Barrett and wife, David Farnsworth and wife, 
John Conger and wife, Solomon Hobbs and wife, Mr. Baker and wife. The 
ministers were Elders Humphreys, Harvey, Barrett, Jordan and Buchanan. 
About 1864, the society had about a hundred members, and, in the following 
year, a church was erected, which stands just clear of the town plat. The 
society became disorganized in 1874, owing to trouble between two members, 
but a partial re-organization has since been effected, with about twenty-five 
members. Elder Humphreys holds occasional services. 



NEW HOPE. 

This expectant village was laid out on the northeast quarter of the southeast 
quarter of Section 28, Township 68, Range 17, by William Hall, C. S. Maring 
and J. W. Sheets, and acknowledged May 19, 1857, before William Monroe, Jus- 
tice of the Peace. The streets running east and west are South, Main and 
North, intersected by Spring street. The surveying was done by E. D. Skin- 
ner, and the magnetic variation was 10° 30'. 

The venture did not blossom into prominence, and having achieved the 
establishment of a store and post office, and a mill near by, the town stopped ta 
rest, and has been resting ever since. 



CALDWELL. 

This station lies about two miles east of Exline, on a small creek emptying 
into the Chariton, and is a station on the Burlington & Southwestern Railroad, 
which was built from Moulton westward in 1874. There is a station-building, 
telegraph office and general store here. The houses are divided into two clumps, 
separated by the creek, inhabited almost exclusively by coal-miners. 

At this point, the coal is found quite near the surface, usually from twenty 
to thirty feet, and one mine is reached without a shaft. It is hardly likely 
that any considerable town will grow up here, beyond the needs of the mining 
interest, as the ground is rough and broken ; but the coal industry, as carried 
on here, cannot fail to be of great advantage to the business of neighboring 
towns. Many of the miners employed here are of foreign birth, but they are 
spoken of as being an industrious, thrifty class, quite temperate, and good citi- 
zens. Much of the coal mined here is consumed by the Burlington road; but 
a considerable share is sold at other stations along the line. 



474 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

SEDAN. 

This is the crossing-point of the Burlington & Southwestern Railway and 
the Missouri, Iowa & Nebraska, and is not a ticket station on either line. It is 
in Section 25, Caldwell, and near the Chariton. 

The railway companies have, so far expended about f 150 on depot buildings, 
which are occupied by a family who furnish well- cooked and palatable meals to pass- 
engers who are compelled to wait here several hours to change in any direction. 

Near by is a store and saloon under one roof. This and the uncouth, 
unplastered shanty, called a depot-building for want of a suitable designation, 
comprise the "outfit " of Sedan in the line of architecture. 

THE TOWNSHIP. 

F. A. Stevens and Solomon Hobbs were among the first settlers of this 
township, and Dr. J. H. Worthington, who came in 1846, was the first regular 
physician to settle in the county. 

The first birth in the township was that of Elizabeth Stevens, in April, 1843. 

The first sermon preached in the vicinity was at the house of Eli Ayers, by 
Kev. Isaac Newland, in 1844. 

The first mill was Michael Pilkey's, built on Chariton River, in 1849. 

The first store was Daniel Castor's, in the south part of the township, started 
in 1857, and Caldwell post ofiice was established the same year, T. B. Maring, 
Postmaster. 

The first school taught was by D. T. Stevens, in 1849, in a cabin on the 
farm owned by F. A. Stevens. 

Caldwell is the largest township in the county, and in area of wooded land 
stands third. The township is thickly settled with an industrious farming pop- 
ulation, and the level vista of cultivated land stretching in all directions is most 
agreeable to the traveler's eye. 

A society of Baptists was formed in this township in 1860, the first mem- 
bers being Dr. J. H. and Martha Worthington, Lewis Harris and E. T. Stevens. 
Rev. John Osborn was the organizing minister. The Pastors have been Rev. 
Messrs. Ogle, Gully, Huckaby, Thomas A. Salladay, J. Kincaid, A. Jackson 
and J. Redburn. The society meets at the schoolhouse in District No. 3, and 
has about forty members. J. H. Worthington and J. Holman are the Deacons. 
Rev. J. Kincaid is Superintendent of the Sabbath school, assisted by C. Meeker. 
R. Bennyfield is Librai*ian, and the teachers are Mr. and Miss Meeker, Mrs. 
Worthington and D. Stevens. About fifty pupils attend. 

The Methodists have a church-building in the township, called " Zoar 
Chapel," which was built many years ago. Services are held here every third 
Sunday forenoon, and at the Johnson Schoolhouse the same afternoon. A fine 
Sabbath school is maintained at Zoar Chapel, of which David Stevens was 
Superintendent during the past summer. 

MILLEDGEVILLE. 

{Independence Toivnship.) 
Milledgeville is situated on the northeast quarter of the southwest quarter 
of Section 10, Township 70, Range 19, and was dedicated to the public by 
Harrison Anderson, December 22, 1857. Seventeen of the lots lying along 
Main street have a variation of 60° from the meridian, the street having the 
same direction, 60° east, 30° west. The surveyor's name does not appear. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUUTY. 475 

This was for ten years a village of some note ; but its prospects have been 
blighted by the engineer's transit. Its business is represented by a small store 
and post office. 

There is a Christian Church near the town, which has a fair membership. 
The society is now without a regular Pastor. 

THE TOWNSHIP. 

Both forks of the Chariton enter Independence Township, and unite on 
Section 14. 

Griffinsville post office is located on Section 23. 

The exposure of coal-beds in this township is remarkably favorable for min- 
ing, but, so far, little has been done to develop this industry. 

This township lies about equidistant from the two market towns, Center- 
ville and Albia. 

There is a Covenanter, or Reformed Presbyterian Church, in the southeast 
corner of Independence, known as Walnut City Church. This society was 
formed March 5, 1868, the first ruling Elders being Matthew Chestnut, Samuel 
Milligan and James W. Daugherty; the Deacons, Joseph Manners, J. C. Dunn, 
Andrew S. Milligan. The members were John McConnell, Matthew Chestnut 
and wife, Mary Jane, Annie and Matthew Chestnut, Samuel Milligan and wife, 
J. C. Dunn and wife, F. Gilchrist and wife, Martha McConnell, Joseph Man- 
ners and wife, John M. Dunn and wife, A. N. Dwer, James Daugherty, A. S. 
Milligan and wife, James W. Daugherty and wife, Amelia Lowry, Margaret 
L. Stevenson, Mary Stevenson, Martha Stevenson, Martha Milligan. 

Rev. Isaiah Ferris has been the only Pastor, having come in 1870, and 
withdrawn in 1876. 

The church was built in 1871. It is forty feet square, and walls eighteen 
feet high. Its cost was about $1,500. 

There are now about fifty members. The Elders are the same as noted 
above, with the addition of Johnson Robinson ; the present Deacons are William 
Thursby, J. C. Dunn, S. H. Carlyle and A. S Milligan. 

J. C. Dunn is Superintendent of the Sabbath school ; N. Patton, Assistant ; 
Elizabeth Chestnut, Secretary ; Amanda Patton, Treasurer. The teachers are 
Matthew Chestnut, S. T. Sherrard, Mrs. Lizzie Sherrard, Etta Robb, N. Pat- 
ton, J. W. Daugherty, Mrs. A. Woodburn. There are about thirty-five pupils. 



SHARON. 

{Sharon Township.) 

The plat of Sharon is situated on the northwest quarter of the northeast 
quarter of Section 33, Town 69, Range 17, and was out laid by William C. Pack- 
ard, the deed having been acknowledged November 29, 1856. The survey was 
made by John Potts. The streets running east and west are King, Main and 
Prairie, and the north and south street is Johnson. 

So reads the record, but the town has vanished ; its site being now toi'n up 
yearly by the stirring plow. In 1857, the place had half a dozen dwellings, 
two stores, a tavern and saloon. 

Samuel Swearingen built a saw and grist mill on Chariton River, near here, 
about the time the town was founded, which did a very successful business for 
several years. The mill property subsequently passed into the hands of a Mr. 
Staley, and was afterward transferred to Mr. Packard. The dam and mill were 

E 



476 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

obliterated by a flood a dozen years since, and the growth of Centerville sapped 
the vitality of the little burg. 

The saloon referred to above was closed by the accidental death of Wilkin- 
son, described elsewhere. The administrator found no stock on hand belong- 
ing to the lamented decedent, whose friends gave him as touching and affec- 
tionate a burial. 

The Rock Island road has a water-tank near the old town, which is also 
named Sharon on the time-card. 

The Baptist society in this township, which was formed about 1862, have a 
church-building near Kirkwood Post Office. 



JOHNS TOWNSHIP. 

This is the only township in the county bounded entirely by Congressional 
lines, it being Town 69, Range 19. The surface in this township is quite level, 
and is mainly prairie. This is undoubtedly, everything considered, the best 
precinct in the county for agricultural purposes, and the condition of its farms 
shows that the people appreciate their advantages. 

This township was the scene of the murder committed by S. A. King upon 
his wife and Frasier, and also of the stage robbery, both of which are given in 
detail in another place. 

Johns is without a railroad at present, and its only prospect at present is 
from the extension of the M., I. & N. R. R. westward. Its people, however, 
can reach stations on either of four railways and return in one day, so that what 
is lost in time is nearly made up in rates. 

The township is thickly settled with a peaceful, intelligent population, who 
have provided six schoolhouses for the use of their children, and there are four 
church-buildings. 

One of these, known as " Concord," is entitled to be named as the oldest 
Baptist society in the county, and is, beyond doubt, either the second or third 
society ever organized in Appanoose. The origin of this Church will be found 
in the account of Walnut City. There is also another Baptist society, with a 
good building in the southwest part of the township, known as "Little Flock," 
which has a good membership. 

There are two other church-buildings, located near together, in the eastern 
part of the township ; one, a Methodist Episcopal, known as Bethel, and the 
other, Philadelpliia, belonging to the Christian society. Both are very credit- 
able buildings. 

A HEALTHY STATE. 

Hon. M. M. Walden mentions that a few years after the termination of this dis- 
pute, an old lady who became, by virtue of the Supreme Court's decree, a resi- 
dent of Iowa, remarked that there used to be a great deal of sickness in her 
family while living in Missouri, but that since living in Iowa, it Avas a great 
deal healthier ! An Irish bull could not be neater than this. 

Mr. James Hughes gives what appears to be the same story in this form : 
While the surveyors were engaged in their work, they stopped to obtain 
some water at a cabin inhabited by a family living on the disputed strip. Hav- 
ing ascertained their business, the good wife begged the party, "for gracious 
sake," to locate the line south of her house, " for Missouri always was a sickly 
hole." 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY". 477 



A PARTING WORD. 



The compiler of the preceding pages has visited nearly every portion of the 
county, in the prosecution of his labors, and finds a feeling existing that is 
much to be regretted. For three years prior to 1878, a partial failure of crops 
has occurred, which, added to the pinching times experienced by all classes 
throughout the United States, caused by the adjustment of values to a specie 
basis, has discouraged many farmers of Appanoose, and, in some cases, land is 
offered at half its actual cash value, and sometimes even less. 

Farmers of Southern Iowa, your land is worth in gold, at least twenty dol- 
lars an acre to you, or to anybody else. Can you afford to throw away the labor 
of years in a fit of despondency ; leave long-tried friends, break up associations 
formed ten to twenty years ago, to endure again the hardships and trials of 
making new farms in a frontier State ? Your children have claims upon you 
for educational opportunities that you may not be able to secure in regions far- 
ther west. 

Because there is a mortgage on the farm for half its value, is it sensible to 
give away the other half, for the reason that your credit is low and you have the 
" blues ?" There are men and women in your midst who have lived weeks at 
a time by grating corn or grinding it in a coffee-mill, who have not tasted coffee, 
tea or sugar for months at a time, while earning their homes and making settle- 
easy for 70U. 

Appanoose County has a future of grand possibilities ; and the stranger who 
has worked among you during the "Squaw Summer " of 1878, and has learned 
to esteem the people here, not only for their industry, frugality and morality, 
but for the "Old Virginia" blood, is anxious that those he has met shall obtain 
the reward of the better times in the immediate future, when, with a modified 
system of agriculture, involving less labor and greater profits, each one of you 
will pass down the years in comfort, surrounded by old-time friends and neigh- 
bors. 

The profits of agriculture are derived as much from waiting as from present 
labor. Friends, ask your gray-haired neighbors about the times in 1837, in 
Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, when land could not be sold at all, except to 
creditors. The poorest land in those States now sells regularly at from $35 to 
$50 per acre. Shall some of the best land in Iowa be abaudoned because some 
one elee has a contingent interest in it for a half or third its real worth ? Wait 
another year, friends — 

"Learn to Labor and to Wait." 



MISSING BOOK FOUND. 

Since our history of Appanoose County has gone to press, a long-lost book, 
containing the first records, has been unearthed, from Avhich we copy the fol- 
lowing account of the election of the first County Commissioners and their 
transactions : 

Be it known. That on the first Monday, the 5th day of October, A. D. 1846, Reuben Riggs, 
George VV. Perkins and J. B. Packard, County (Commissioners elected at the general election, 
lield on the first Monday of August, A. D. 1S4(), in and for the county of Appanoose, and Terri- 
tory of Iowa, met at the store of Spencer Wadlington, near the center of the said county of 
Appanoose ; then and there convened and organized a Board of County Commissioners, for said 
county, in pursuance of and Act of the Legislative Assembly, approved January 18, 1840, for 
the organization of said county of Appanoose. 



478 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Monday, October 5, 1846. 
The office ot Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners being vacant, J. F. Stratton was 
appointed Clerk pro tern, of said Board. 

On motion, the Board adjourned until to-morrow, the Gth, at 9 o'clock, A. M. 

Tuesday, October G, 10 o'clock. A, M. 

J. F. Stratton filed the necessary bond and oath and took his seat. 

Jonathan Scott, Assessor, filed in his assessment roll. 

The assessment roll received and examined. 

Be it ordered, By said Board, that a percentage of 5 mills on the dollar on all taxable prop- 
erty be levied for county purposes on said assessment, as a county tax. 

Be it ordered, By the authority aforesaid, that a poll tax be levied, of 50 cents per poll, for 
county purposes. 

Be it ordered. That 3 mills per cent, be levied on said assessment for the support of common 

schools. 

Be it ordered, By the authority aforesaid, that all that portion of the assessment returned by 
the Assessor as related to property and polls that came into the county after the 1st day of 
March, 1846, be rejected and stricken out. 

Be it ordered. By the authority aforesaid, that Dempsey Stanley, Sebastian Streeter and 
William Crow be appointed Viewers, to view and cause to be surveyed and marked, the route for 
a road or highway, commencing on the east line of the county of Appanoose, at the quarter-sec- 
tion post, on the east line of Section 13, in Township 69 north. Range 16 west, and to run 
from thence westwardly on or near the quarter-section line through Sections 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 
and 18, continuing on or near said line, as the formation of the land will admit, to the Chariton 
Creek, at a riff near the center of Section (16) sixteen, in Township 69 north. Range 17 west, 
and from thence by the most eligible route to the northeast corner of Section twenty-four (24), 
in Township 69 north. Range 18 west, thence west on the section line dividing Sections 13 
and 24, to the northwest corner of said Section 24. Said Viewers to meet at the house of J. F. 
Stratton on the first Monday of November next, and proceed to view and cause to be surveyed, 
and make returns to said Board on the first day of the January, A. D. 1847, term of said Board 
without expense to the county. 

Be it ordered. By the authority aforesaid, that the seat of justice of the county of Appanoose 
this day located and designated by Andrew Leach and William S. Whittaker, Commissioners ap- 
pointed by the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, to locate said seat of justice shall 
be known by the name of the town of Chaldea. 

Adjourned. 

Wednesday, October 7, 9 o'clock, A. M. 

Be it ordered. By the authority aforesaid, that J. F. Stratton, County Surveyor, proceed to 
survey, lay out and plat the town of Chaldea, as soon as practicable, agreeable to a plan exhibited 
by J. F. Stratton and approved by said Board of County Commissioners. 

Be it ordered, That Andrew Leach be allowed the sum of twelve dollars for his services as 
Commissioner to locate the seat of justice of Appanoose County. 

Other orders were passed allowing William S. Whittaker the sum of $16 
for services as Commissioner to locate the seat of justice of Appanoose County, 
to be paid from the proceeds of town lots, in the town of Chaldea ; J. F. 
Stratton, Clerk of the District Court, the sum of $39.08 for services rendered 
in the organization of Appanoose County ; Jonathan Scott the sum of 
$22.50 for assessment of county for year 1846 ; also a further order reject- 
ing and setting aside the above charge of Jonathan Scott for taking the 

census. 

Concerning the Judges and Clerks of the August election of 1846, 

it was 

Ordered, That the Clerk of the Board of County Commissioners issue orders to the persons 
who served as Judges of the August election. 

Be it ordered. That the Clerk of the B. C. C. issue orders to the persons who served as 
Clerks of the Election, August, 1846. 

Eight Clerks ; amount, $7.60. 

Amount of all bills allowed, $86.18. 

Attest, J. F. Stratton, Clerk, 1 

Signed, Reuben Riggs, [ County 

Geokge AV. Pereins, | Commissioners. 

J. B. Packard, J 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 479 

The account of Jesse Wood, Collector and Treasurer, with the Board of 
Commissioners, for the year 1846, stands as follows : 

Tax list for the year 1846 — total valuation of assessment, $24,055, on which the following 
tax is levied : 

Territorial tax f 18 29 

County tax 121 13 

Poll tax 54 50 

School tax 73 04 

Total 1266 99 

The Board of Commissioners, at their January term of 1847, abated taxes 
as follows : ' 

By abatement of Territorial tax $ 1 68 

By abatement of county tax 11 63 

By abatement of poll tax 3 00 

By abatement of school tax 6 78 

Total |28 09 

July 5, county orders were paid in and canceled : 

County and poll tax $83 55 

School tax 28 96 

October 5, the sum of $12 was added to the County Treasury by taxes 
paid. 

Among further proceedings of the Board of Commissioners, at their first 
term of 1847, are the following: 

Abatement of the taxes of William S. Manson, Daniel and William Sparks, 
Christian Zuck, Nathaniel Bartlett and Harvey Campbell — most of them on 
the ground that they or their property were not in the county on the first Mon- 
day in March, 1846. Also ordered that no premium be paid for killing 
wolves. 

William S. Manson was " appointed Recorder of Deeds for the said county 
of Appanoose." 

Report of the Viewers and Surveyors appointed at the October term, to lay 
out the Appanoose Ridge Road, was received, read and filed. 

Ordered, That Viewers and Surveyors be appointed to mark out "a road commencing at 
Chaldea, thence by the nearest and best route to the line between David Shaeffer's and William 
Puthers ; thence to William S. Townsend's ; thence, northwesterly, on the nearest and best route, 
to intersect the Indian Trace, near the north boundary of said county." 

Jonathan Scott, Isaac Riggs and James McCarroll were appointed View 
ers ; David R. Sparks, Surveyor. 

Further abatement of taxes for David Shaeifer, Jesse Wood, George W 
Benner, Nelson Alverson, Levin Dean and Nathaniel More. 

Ordered that the school tax may be paid in county orders, and the Treas 
urer was directed to receive such orders. 

The sum of $10 was appropriated from the first money coming into the 
treasury for books and stationery, for the use of the several county oflBcers. 

Ordered, a tax on each grocery license of $25 per year. 

Allowed the account of J. F. Stratton, of $1.56, "for services rendered as 
Clerk of the District Court, in sivearing Andrew Leach and William Whitaker, 
Commissioners, and filing certain papers therein named." 

Also, further bills of J. F. Stratton, for making out tax-list, notifying and 
making returns of October election and for stationery furnished, to the amount 
of $33.26. 



480 HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 

Bills allowed for various services, as follows : " Martin Jones, Esq., $1.64 : 
William S. Manson, Esq., $1.24; William B. Packard, Esq., $1.40." Also, 
for services as Judges and Clerks at the October elections, and $2 per day to 
the County Commissioners, for their labors. 

At the "adjourned term of the Commissioners' Court, February 1, 1847," 
we find : "Court called by Sheriif Perjue. Present, Reuben Riggs, George 
W. Perkins and J. B. Packard, Commissioners; J. F. Stratton, Clerk." 

The map of the town of Chaldea was accepted, and ordered to be 
recorded. 

Lots in said town were ordered appraised, and George W. Perkins appointed 
agent to sell lots, under bonds of $1,000, for faithful discharge of duties. 

Said agent was authorized to oifer at private sale one-quarter of the lots 
fronting on the public square, and one-quarter of the other lots in said 
town. 

Order issued for the first "public sale of lots in said town of Chaldea, to 
be held on the first Tuesday in the month of April, A. D. 1847." Terms of 
sale : " One-quarter down, the remainder in three equal installments — one in 
six months, one in twelve months, the other in eighteen months." 

The county was divided into four election precincts. School Inspectors for 
each precinct were appointed, which Inspectors reported the total number of 
persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years living in the county as 270, 
and the school moneys were appointed to the different precincts accordingly. 

At the April term, the bonds of the Clerk and Commissioners are re- 
corded. 

The county was divided into three County Commissioner districts. 

About this time, the name of the town of Chaldea seems gradually and, as 
yet, informally, changing to that of Centerville. 

At the close of the April term, the County Agent is "authorized to employ 
a man to drive stakes, in the town of Centerville, at $1.12^ per day." 

Reuben Riggs' bond as Prosecuting Attorney recorded. 

The July term of the Court commenced business by granting a license to 
Andrew Collins, for a ferry across the Chariton River, near the line of Sec- 
tions 22 and 27, in Township 69 north. Range 17 west, under certain con- 
ditions, for eight years. 

The Board ordered " that the County Agent be allowed to draw an order or 
orders, which may from time to time be placed to his credit, for services per- 
formed as Agent of the County Seat, which orders be received as cash payment 
on any lots sold in the town of Centerville." 

Spencer F. Wadlington was "authorized to keep up a post and railing in 
front of his house (or store) provided said railings shall be free to all persons, 
for the purpose of tying or hitching horses on the outside of said railings, in 
the street or square." 

Bids ordered received " for a Court House, in the town of Centerville, said 
house to be of logs, and to be 24x20 feet, one story, of eight feet in the clear 
high, to be hewed down, on both outside and inside." 

" Also, a separate bid for chinking and painting, Avith good lime mortar, 
both outside and inside." 

Bid for Court House not to exceed $200, to be paid for in town lots or in 
county orders, at the option of the contractor. The Court House to be finished 
by the 1st of January next. Nails to be furnished by the County Commis- 
sioners. 

A tax of two mills on the dollar, for State purposes, ordered. 



HISTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY. 



481 



The October term for 1847 ordered relocation of State road from Bloom- 
field, Davis Co., to the center of Appanoose County ; allowed many fees, show- 
ing a rapid increase in the number of county officials. Ths first criminal has 
been brought to justice, and Isaac Riggs is allowed $5.41 for his " services 
in arresting, guarding and boarding George Braffit, in case of the State vs. 
Braffit." 

The Commissioners then laid out business for their next term, which was 
held January, 1848, and much occupied in locating the State road satisfactorily. 
That accomplished, they proceeded to lay out the county into townships, and 
the first township. Center, came into existence, followed by Washington and the 
others, several of them receiving names which have since been changed. 

The Clerk was then ordered to advertise the organization of townships, and 
township elections for the first Monday in April, 1848. 

Here, the first object of charity appears, and the Clerk is " appointed tem- 
porary agent to see to Delilah Paints and her child until the 21st day of Feb- 
ruary", 1848." 

Thomas A. Cohran is licensed " to keep a grocery, in the town of Center- 
ville, for the term of one year," and much business concerning the building of 
the Court House, the State road, petition of county roads and consideration of 
receipts and expenditures occupied the April and July terms for this year. 
During the latter, specifications and bid for a public well are made out and 
ordered to be let to the lowest bidder ; and bills are alloAved to Sheriff Perjue, 
for "mileage, dieting and commitment to Keosauqua Jail" of a prisoner; to 
Benjamin Spocmer, "for services as guard," and to William Bryant, "for use 
of team and wagon and services as guard in the above-mentioned case." 

At the October term, 1848, the order of January, 1847, refusing to pay 
bounty on wolf-scalps, was repealed, and 50 cents per scalp offered. Heavy 
fees were allowed Reuben Riggs and Joseph C. Knapp "for services as attor- 
neys" in the case of State vs. Braffit and State vs. Ghean. Work given out 
K)n the still unfinished Court House, which was " to be paid for in town lots." 




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BIOGRAPHICAL DIRBCTOEY. 



.A^BBREVlT^TIONS, 



agt agent 

carp carpenter 

elk clerk 

Co company pr county 

dlr dealer 

far farmer 

gro grocer 

I. V. A Iowa Volunteer Artillery 

I. V. C Iowa Volunteer Cavalry 

I. V. I Iowa Volunteer Infantry 

lab laborer 



mach machinist 

mech mechanic 

mer merchant 

mfr manufacturer 

mkr maker 

P. Post Office 

prop proprietor 

S. or Sec Section 

Bt street 

supt superintendent 

Treas Treasurer 



CENTER TOWNSHIP. 

(P. O. CENTERVILLE.) 



A SHBY, E. a., far., S. 26. 

AliliEiX, W. E., boots and shoes ; 
born in Hampshire Co., Mass., in 1831 ; 
moved to Madison Co., Ohio, in 1836, 
with his parents, and to this county in 
1855. He married Miss M. Barlow in 
1853 ; she was born in Ohio in 1831 ; 
they have five children — lona B., Eld- 
ridge, Maria H., Thruman L., Loretta 
A. and Sophrona M. They are Meth- 
odists ; he is a Republican. Owns res- 
idence and business house, valued at 
$5,000 ; he carries a stock of about 
$3,000 ; has been in business since 
1856. 

ANCj^ST, ADAM, farmer. Sec. 5 ; 
he was born Nov. 24, 18-1:4, in Swit- 
zerland ; in 1856, came to Davis Co., 
Iowa ; in 1866, came to Appanoose 
Co.; owns 120 acres of land, valued at 
$25 per acre. Married Terressa Banta 
in 1868 ; she was born in 1852 in Indi- 
ana; have four children — Elizabeth, 
Josephine, Mary Etta and Adam. Dem- 
ocrat ; U. B. Church. 

"DUNNELL, A., carpenter. 

BAKER, JA9IEN W., Jailer; 
he was born March 30, 1838, in Scott 
Co., Ind.; in 1843, came with his par- 
ents to Illinois; Oct. 3, 1849, came to 
Appapoose Co.; settled in Bellair Tp. 



His father died in 1868, aged 52 years ; 
his mother still lives on the old home- 
stead. He was appointed to his present 
office in November, 1875 ; has been 
Constable three years ; he was elected 
in 1878 Justice of the Peace. Married 
Miss Mattie Scott April 29, 1861 ; she 
was born in Indiana ; her parents came 
to Walnut City, Appanoose Co., in 1851 ; 
her father died in 1860, aged 56 years. 
Enlisted in 1862 in Co. I, 36th Iowa 
V. I.: served to the end of the war. 
Republican ; 'Christian Church. 

Barenthouse, E., barber. 

Barrows, J. C, saddler. 

BASHAW, J. W., wagon and car- 
riage manufacturer ; born in Culpe2>er 
Co., Va., in 1845 ; located in this county 
in 1870. Married Miss N. E. Gaston 
April 18, 1867 ; she was born in Ohio 
in 1848 ; their children arc William A., 
J. B. and Clara S. Mrs. Bashaw is a 
Methodist ; he is a Democrat. He 
owns his hou.se and lot, and factory and 
lot with fixtures, valued at $2,000 ; lu^ 
is a prompt and energetic business man 
and a good mechanic. 

Bayes, R., far., Sec. 31. 

BEALIi, GEORCt^E W., variety 
store; born in Hancock Co., Va., in 
1848, and located in this county in 
1873. Married Miss Anna J. Barr 
in 1873 ; .she was born in Richland 



488 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Co., Ohio, in 1843 ; have two chil- 
dren — Ollie Monroe and William C. 
Mrs. Beall is a Presbyterian ; he is 
a Republican. He enlisted in the 30th 

I. V. I., in 1864, transferred to the 
6th I. V. C, in 1865 ; mustered out with 
his regiment at Louisville, Ky., at the 
close of the war. He owns his dwelling 
and store-building, valued at $3,000 ; 
he keeps a general variety stock always 
on hand. 

Bevington, M., flour and feed. 

Bevington, J. C, clerk. 

Benadum, L. H., far.. Sec. 26. 

Belknap, G., boarding-house. 

Bird, R., U. S. mail agent. 

Blachley, H. W., dentist. 

Bowen, C. W., lumber. 

Bowen, H. C, lumber. 

BOYLES, 1>EXKIS, farmer, Sec. 
13 ; born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., 
Nov. 19, 1824; located here in 1868; 
owns 145 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. He is a member of the M. E. 
Church ; Democrat. His wife, Margaret 
BroughjWasborniu Somerset Co., Penn., 
May 11, 1828 ; they were married Oct. 

II, 1858; have nine children — Abra- 
ham B., Anna, Sarah, Minnie, Dorsey 
D., Ada C, William, Lelia L. and 
Stanley. Mr. Boyles enlisted in Co. 
K, 206th Penn. V. I., in August, 
1863, and served with the 3d Brigade, 
10th Corps, and was in all the battles 
of that corps from the time of his en- 
listment til] the close of the war. 

BO YliES, J AMES K., C APT., 
proprietor Keystone House, Centerville 
born in Belmont Co., Ohio, in 1831 
located in this county in 1867 
Married Miss Mary E. Harrow in 1864 
she was born in Indiana; they have 
two children — Mary J. and Anna B. 
The Captain was connected with steam- 
boating on the rivers for over twenty- 
four years ; the Keystone House is well 
kept and closely looked after in the in- 
terests of its guests by Mr. Boyles, the 
sociable host. 

Bradley, W., banker. 

Braidwood, A., retired. 

Brower, C. J., school teacher. 

Breazeale, D. H., dry goods merchant. 

BREAZEAIiE, J. A., merchant ; 
Centerville ; born in Blount Co., Tenn., 
in 1841 ; located in Lee Co., Iowa, in 



1849, and in this county in 1851. 
Married Miss M. Martin in 1862; she 
was born in Jefferson Co., Iowa, in 
1845 ; their children are Aura M., 
Mary E., Gracie A., Rinnie E., Bur- 
nice G., Emma J. and William H. 
They are members of the Christian 
Church ; he is a Republican. He owns 
his residence, valued at $2,000 ; store 
building, $7,000, and stock, worth 
$7,000 ; he has been in his present 
business since 1866. 

BROWN, P. A'., brooms; born in 
Morgan Co., Ohio, in 1818 ; moved to 
this county in 1854. Married Ann 
AVood in 1842; she was born in Wash- 
ington Co., Penn., in 1810 ; they have 
three children — John, Daniel and Eve- 
line. They are members of the Advent 
Church ; Republican. He is now en- 
gaged in raising broom-corn and manu- 
facturing brooms. He owns his resi- 
dence, valued at $1,500. 

Brown, S., far., Sec. 25. 

Bruno, E. 

Bryan, E.,far., Sec. 8. 

BRY A]!^, Gr. W., teacher; born in Hen- 
dricks Co., Ind., Aug. 12, 1853 ; when 
4 years of age, his father, J. W. B., 
came to this county, purchased and lo- 
cated upon the farm in Center Tp., where 
the family now reside, and died in Octo- 
ber, 1875, at the age of 65. Early in 
the war, his older brothers enlisted, leav- 
ing himself and younger brother with 
his father (then in feeble health) to con- 
duct the farm ; he was able in consequence 
to attend school less than three months 
per year in the district school ; but being 
industrious and anxious to succeed in 
life, he improved every moment well, 
and, at the age of 23, he entered the 
Normal School at Moulton ; has for the 
past two years taught school ; upon en- 
tering Normal, by applying himself to 
his studies, he accomplished in two years 
what usually recjuired three years' time, 
and, June 28, 1878, received his diplo- 
ma as qualified for the duties of a teach- 
er, having while there acted as assistant 
teacher, and with Profs. Campbell and 
Guthrie taught the Normal at Center- 
ville ; he entered his present position, 
taking charge of the school at Cincinnati, 
Sept. 16, 1878 ; owns an undivided in- 
terest in his father's estate. 



CENTER TOWNSHIP. 



489 



Burgess, G. M., farmer. Sec. 25. 
/"CAMPBELL, A. J., farmer, Sec. 5. 

CALVERT, JAMJGIS W., cloth- 
ing and gents' furnishing goods ; Cen- 
terville ; born in Belmont Co., Ohio, in 
1836 ; located in Davis Co., Iowa, in 
1850, and in this county in 1853. 
Married Sarah C. Michael in 1865 ; she 
was born in Indiana in 1847 ; their chil- 
dren are Charlie J., Pearl P., Ella D. 
and Zella. Are members of the M. E. 
Church ; he is a Republican. He owns 
his residence in the city, valued at 
$3,000, also a half interest in the busi- 
ness, valued at $3,500 ; they carry a 
full line of goods, well selected and suit- 
able to their trade. * He enlisted in Co. 
G, 36th I. V. I., in August, 1862; 
mustered out in Januaiy, 1864, at 
Vicksburg. Miss. ; was Private Secre- 
tary with Gen. Ross part of the time. 

Campbell, D. C, banker. 

CAlIPBELIi, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 
18 ; born in Fayette Co., Ind. Nov. 10, 
1829 ; located here in August, 1856, 
and owns 257 acres of land, valued at 
$30 per acre. Democrat. His wife, 
Nancy Hamilton, was born in Hendricks 
Co., Ind., in May, 1840, and married 
March 27, 1861 ; they have six chil- 
dren — George A., Martha E., Ida M., 
Charles E., Mary F., Ruth J. 

CAMPBELL, <,}EOROE A., 
far., Sec. 8; born in Fayette Co., Ind., 
Oct. 2, 1831, and located here in 1875; 
owns 120 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre. He is a Democrat. Bachelor. 

Campbell, L., far., Sec. 23. 

Carmichael, P., cooper. 

CARR, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 
8 ; he was born Aug. 27, 1825, in 
Chatteris, England; in 1837, came 
to Bucks Co., Penn.; in 1843, to Han- 
cock Co., Ohio; in 1851, to Dubucjue 
Co.; in 1855, removed to Houston Co., 
Minn.; in 1870, came to his present 
farm; owns 120 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre. Married Sarah Alt- 
man in 1845 ; she was born in 1824 in 
Ross Co., Ohio; died May 23, 1855; 
had five children, three living — Thomas 
R., George W, and Susan A. Second 
marriage to Caroline Malenger in 1855; 
she was born in 1838 in Illinois ; died 
in June, 1876; had ten children, nine 



living— J. H., J. M., A. W., Julia A., 
Elizabeth M, A. Martin, Estella, Ella 
and Jessie. Third marriage to Susan 
Pixly in 1877 ; she was born in Octo- 
ber, 1825, in Ohio. John Owen en- 
listed in 1863 in Co. K, 6th Minn. V. 
I.; served to tlie end of the war ; he 
died in 1866, aged 21 years, of disease 
contracted in the army. Republican ; 
Christian Church. 

CLARK, W. G., attorney (of 
Dewey & Clark), law insurance, real 
estate and loans ; born in Clark Co., 
Ohio, in 1850; moved to Madison 
County in 1855, and located in this 
county in 1868. Married Miss Sarah 
Lankford in 1875 ; she was born in 
this county in 1855 ; have one child 
—Ethel, born Aug. 23, 1877. Repub- 
lican. His firm represent the Phcenix, 
of Hartford, the Hartford, of Hartford, 
the Home, of New York, and several 
other first-class fire insurance companies. 

Clemens, L., butcher. 

Cole, S., far.. Sec. 25. 

Cowles, G. N., far.. Sec. 29. 

Crawford, J. C, lawyer. 

Crook, G., far.. Sec. 18. 

CROSBY, W. O., editor of the 
Ceuterville Citizen, the oldest paper in 
the county, and having the largest cir- 
culation of any weekly paper within a 
radius of fifty miles. It is a journal of 
radical Republican proclivities, pub- 
lished by W. 0. Crosby & Co. This 
paper is by far the best advertising me- 
dium in the county, and is the oflBicial 
paper of the county. 

Carey, J. W., teacher. 

Clark, E., far., S. 35. 

Cunningham. P. F., painter. 

Coatney, A., far., S. 18. 

nr\ ALE, JOHN, far., S. 29. 

DARlfALL, LOUINA J., widow; 
born in Stokes Co., N. C, 1830 ; moved 
to Indiana when a child with her par- 
ents. She was married to William C. 
Dai-nall in 1855 ; he died in 1869 ; she 
has three children — Luther F., Emma 
A. and Ida M. Are members of the 
M. E. Church ; her son, Luther, is a 
Republican, and, has been Deputy Post- 
master since 1872. She owns her res- 
iden,3e and ten lots, valued at $2,000. 

Darnell, L., P. 0. clerk, Centerville. 



490 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY : 



Dale, James M., far., S. 20. 

DAVIS, M. H., miller, Dennis ; born 
in Orange Co., Vt.,in 1815 ; he moved to 
St. Lawrence Co. ; followed milling sev- 
eral years and thence to Wisconsin ; con- 
tinued in the same five years and thence to 
Iowa in 1855; followed milling in Lucas 
Co., and ran a woolen-mill in Appanoose 
Co., and is now a partner in the large 
saw and flouring mill at Dennis. He 
married Eliza Rose in New York ; they 
had one child — Francis ; his wife died 
in Wisconsin, and he married for his 
second wife Diana Curtis in Wisconsin ; 
they had two children — Lillie and Mil- 
ton ; his second wife died in 1863. A 
Republican. 

Darling, I., teamster. 

DEWEY, HENRY H. (of the 
firm of Dewey & Clark), attorney ; born 
in Washington Co., Vt., 1840 ; moved to 
Bureau Co., 111., in 1861 ; thence to 
Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 1865 ; to 
Davis Co. in 1870, and located in this 
county in 1871. Married Miss Lucy 
W. Worman in 1865 ; she was born 
in Grafton Co., N. H. in 1844; they 
have have two children — Eva M., 
born in May, 1868, and Burty H., born 
in July, 1874. They are members of 
the Presbyterian Church. He owns a 
a residence in the city, valued at 
$3,000. His firm is engaged in loan- 
ing money and are general agents for 
the leading fire insurance companies of 
the country. 

DRAKE, FRAJfCIS MAR- 
ION, GrEX., lawyer, Centerville ; 
born in Schuyler Co., 111., Dec. 30, 1833 ; 
he moved to Fort Madison with his 
parents in 1837, and located in Davis 
Co., Iowa, in 1846. In 1852, he 
organized a train to cross the plains, 
known as the Drakeville train, consist- 
ing of six six-ox wagons, with sixteen 
men and a boy ; he crossed the Missouri 
River at Council Bluff's May 1 ; when 
at Horseshoe Bend, near Platte River, 
opposite Pawnee village, he was attacked 
by 300 Pawnee warriors, who would 
have massacred them ; but, by a quick 
and decisive action, he repulsed the at- 
tack, the Indians leaving nine of their 
number dead upon the field ; he having 
singled out the chief, killed him by a 
blow from his musket, which demoral- 



ized the warriors, who would not fight 
without a leader ; he arrived in Sacra- 
mento safely, when he engaged in the 
stock business ; returned the following 
winter by sea ; he recrossed the plains 
in 1854 with a drove of cattle, consist- 
ing in part of 100 milch cows, 97 of 
which he arrived with in good condition, 
making the most successful trip known. 
On his return in the steamer Yankee 
Blade, same year, she was wrecked near 
the Point of Aquilla, on the Pacific 
coast ; vessel was a total wreck and 800 
lives were lost ; he swung down a hawser, 
secured a small boat, with which he 
saved several lives, making three trips 
to the shore, a barren coast, where he 
remained five days, living on raw meat ; 
was picked up by steamer Goliah, a mail 
packet, and landed at San Francisco ; 
took passage on the Golden Gate for 
home ; she caught fire, but arrived 
safely at her destination in November, 
1854 ; he then went into the mercantile 
business with his father and brother in 
Drakeville ; moved to Unionville, this 
county, in 1859, and to this city in 1865. 
He assisted Col. Edwards in organizing 
his independent Iowa Regiment, in the 
spring of 1861, and took command of 
Co. A ; he was promoted to Major in 
September, 1861 ; his regiment attacked 
Gen. Patton (confederate), of Missouri, 
at Albany, who had driven Col. Crainor 
(Union) ont of Missouri ; his regiment 
pressed Patton across the Platte River, 
near St. Joe ; Patton burned the bridge 
in his rear, which prevented further 
pursuit ; he then reported to Gen. Pren- 
tiss, who put him in command of the 
garrison at St. Joe, Mo., consisting of 
half of his own regiment, some Kansas 
Cavalry and a battalion of Ohio In- 
fantry, which post he held during Gen. 
Mulligan's campaign in Missouri and 
surrender at Lexington, successfully 
repelling an attack of Jackson's Missouri 
army after Mulligan's surrender ; he 
was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of 
the 36th Iowa Vols., in August, 1862, 
four companies of which were raised in 
this county ; he proceeded to Tennessee, 
and served in the Army of the Ten- 
nessee and Trans-Mississippi ; he was 
wounded at Mark's Mills, Ark., April 
25, 1864, and captured on the field, and 



CENTER TOWNSHIP. 



493 



reported mortally wounded; as soon as 
able to be removed, he was paroled and 
sent into the Union lines under a flag of 
truce ; he was present at the capture of 
Little Rock, battle of Elkins' Ford, 
having command of a detachment of six 
companies of infiintry, two of cavalry 
and a section of Peat's' Missouri Battery, 
with which he fought Gen. ^larmaduke, 
repulsed him and held the Ford against 
superior number.^, for which he was 
brevetted Brigadier General ; he was 
mustered out at Davenport, Iowa. He 
married Miss Mary J. Lord in 1855 ; 
she was born in Newark, Nova Scotia, 
in 1833; their children are Willie J., 
Jennie Eva, Frank E., John A., Mary, 
and George, who died when '11 months 
old. Are members of Christian Church; 
Republican. Commenced the practice 
of law in 1 866 ; associated with Judge 
Harris; in 1870, he organized the M. 
I. & N. R. R. Co., of which he was 
elected President ; he built the road 
from Alexander to Centerville, complet- 
ing it Dec. 27, 1872 ; he resumed the 
practice of law May 1, 1875, associated 
with Gen. A. J. Baker, late Attorney 
General of the State of Missouri. His 
father was John A. Drake ; mother, 
Harriet J. O'Niel. 

Drake, J. A., banker. 

Dukes, J. S., far., Sec. 35. 

EARLY WINE, N., farmer. 
Eddy, W., far.. Sec. 17. 

Eells, F., pat. med. 

ELLrlOTT, J. A., attorney; born 
in Coshocton Co., Ohio, in 1845 ; lo- 
cated in this county in 1867 ; he resides 
with his mother, being her only cliild ; 
he studied law with Gen. M. F. Drake in 
1872. Was Deputy Treasurer of the 
county from 1868 to 1872. He is a 
solicitor of pensions, and gives special 
attention to adjusting the claims of sol- 
diers, orphans and widows of soldiers 
with the Government ; also collection 
business in general. 

ELL.IS, JE^I^E M., far.. Sec. 17 ; 
Centerville; born Jan. 13, 1823, in 
Scott Co., Ky.; when an infant, came 
with his parents to Indiana, in 1854, to 
Van Buren County in 1855 ; moved to 
Appanoose County; owns 185 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre. Married 
Nancy Ellis in 1845; born in 1825, in 



Kentucky ; have four children — Harriet 
E., Tabitha J., William B. and Michael 
J. Was elected County Supervisor 
in 1861, and served two years; has 
been Township Treasurer. Democrat. 

Ellis, W. M., far.. Sec. 17. 

Erskin, A. H., far.. Sec. 32. 

EVABJS, WIL,I.IAM, County 
Treasurer; born in Washington Co., Ind., 
in 1829 ; moved to Monroe Co. in 1849, 
and located in this county in 1864. Mar- 
ried Miss Margaret J. Vestle in 1852 ; 
she was born in Putnam Co., Ind., in 
1831 ; their children are Sarah E., 
Margaret E., Lucy A., William F., 
Bell and Ida. Members of the Bap- 
tist Church ; Democrat. Owns his res- 
idence and other property in the county, 
valued at $5,000. He has been in his 
present official position for the last six 
years. 

Tj^EE, T. M., lawyer. 

FARI^EY, J. 1%., HON., Mayor 
of the city of Centerville ; born in 
Hancock Co., 111., in 1838; moved to 
Washington Co., Iowa, in 1839, with 
his pai'ents, and located in this county 
in 1871. Married Miss M. E. Badger 
in 1865; she was born in Ohio, in 
1832; their children are Effie M., 
Mamie M., Roy E. and J. W. Mem- 
bers of the M. E. Chnrch ; Republican. 
He was elected Mayor in 1875. Enlisted 
in the 13th Iowa V. I., in August, 1861 ; 
wounded at Shiloh and discharged 
through disability, the effects of wounds ; 
mustered out at Cincinnati, Ohio, July 
22, 1862. 

Fenton, B., far.. Sec. 12. 

Fisher, B.F., far., Sec. 25. 

Fortney, J. H., far.. Sec. 14. 

Fredley, J. B., tinner. 

Frisby, T. L., far., Sec. 23. 

FROWD, THOMAS, meat mar- 
ket; born in Durhamshire, England, in 
1833 ; came to this country in 1867 ; 
located in Henry Co., 111., and in this 
county in 1870. Married Salina Hart- 
ford in 1865 ; she was born in Devon- 
shire, Pjugland, in 1836 ; they have one 
boy — Thomas L.; she has one daughter 
by a former marriage — Minnie De Silver. 
He is a Democrat. They own three 
houses and nine lots and forty acres of 
land, valued at $4,000. 

1 



494 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY ; 



Fuller, A., carpenter. 

Fuller, I., far., Sec. 14. 

r^ ALLEY, JOSEPH, former, Sec. 5. 

GALI.EY, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 
12 ; born Jan. 2(i, 1831, in Fayette Co., 
Penn.; in 1852, came to Illinois; in 
1858, to Appanoose Co.; owns ninety- 
two acres of land, valued at $50 per 
acre. Married Elizabeth Porter April 
25, 1858 ; she was born Jan. 23, 1835, 
in Fayette Co., Penn.; her parents came 
to Appanoose Co. in 1856 ; have three 
children — Jennie, Galileo G. and Ida 
B.; lost John S. in infancy. M. E. 
Church ; Republican. 

GEDXEY% J. B., farmer. Sec. 7; 
born Dec. 10, 1825, in Dearborn Co., 
Ind. ; in 1838, came to Lee Co., Iowa; 
in 1854, to Appanoose Co.; owns 155 
ac es of land. He was commissioned 
Captain, in 1862, of Co. I, 36th I. V. 
I. ; served in this capacity three years, 
and was honorably discharged ; was in 
the battles of Helena, Ark. ; Elkins' 
Ford, Prairie de Ann, Little Rock, 
Camden and Mark's Mills, where he 
was captured and held a prisoner for 
ten months ; he also participated in 
several other battles. In 1870, he was 
elected a member of the Board of Su- 
pervisors, and, by re-election, held this 
position six years ; then resigned ; has 
held about all the township offices ; was 
eight years President of the County 
Agricultural Society. Married Sarah 
Lynch Feb. 1, 1848; she was born 
May 28, 1828, in Hamilton Co., Ohio ; 
have six children — Julia C, Charles 
H., John J., Manford H., Samuel H. 
and Maggie I. Republican ; she is a 
member of the Christian Church. 

Gilliam, H. S., machinist. 

Gipson, A., farmer. Sec. 18. 

Gerard, W. A., farmer, Sec. 25. 

Gill, M. E., vapor baths. 

Goddard, T. M., lawyer. 

GORREEE, AlVN, MRS. (wid- 
ow) ; boru in Belmont Co., Ohio, in 
1812 ; located in this county in 1858. 
Her husband, Oliver Gorreli, to whom 
she was married in 1854, died in the 
army, of disease contracted in the serv- 
ice of the United States. He enlisted 
in the 37th I. V. I., Co. G, in 1861, 
and died in 1864, leaving six children 



(one of whom was subsequently killed 
in the army during the war ) and his 
widow, the subject of this biography. 
Mary, a daughter of her late husband 
by a former marriage, resides with her ; 
Mrs. Gorreli has a small pension of S8 
per month — small recompense for the 
life of her husband ; she owns her little 
home, valued at $1,000, and has a small 
income besides her pension. 

GUERNSEY, D. R., County Su- 
perintendent of Schools; born in Bar- 
tholomew Co., Ind., in 1849 ; located in 
this county in 1851. Republican in 
politics. Was elected to his present offi- 
cial position in October, 1877, for a 
term of two years. 

Goss, »Toseph, merchant. 

Guildart, Sarah, far.. Sec. 32. 

Gunn, I. F., carpenter. 

AKES, H., far., Sec. 11. 



H 



HATZENBUEER, JACOB, 

butcher; also dealer in hides, grain, 
groceries, etc.; he was born May 6. 
1832, in Rhenish Bavaria, Germany; 
in 1854, came to New York City ; thence 
to Detroit, Mich.; in 1856, removed to 
Galesburg, 111.; the following year to 
Burlington, Iowa ; thence to Fairfield ; 
in 1851), came to Wapello Co.; the fol- 
lowing year, to Centerville ; owns twen- 
ty acres of land in Center Tp.; also 
two business houses and five dwellings 
in the city. Married Lydia Strickland 
June 28, 1863 ; she was born Sept. 1, 
1841, in Putnam Co., Ohio ; her parents 
came from Harrison Co., Mo., to Appa- 
noose Co. in 1860 ; they have three 
children — Martin, Margaret and Bar- 
bara. Republican ; Roman Catholic 
Church. 

Hays, J. R., Cashier First Nat. Bank. 

Hamilton, J. S., far. Sec. 30. 

HARPER, JOHN, wagon and car- 
riage manufacturer ; born in County 
Down, Ireland, in 1828 ; located in Bel- 
mont Co., Ohio, in 1850, and in this 
county in 1853. Married Miss Sarah 
Creigh in 1 848 ; she was born in Coun- 
ty South, Ireland, in 1831 ; their chil- 
dren are William H., Robert C, John 
A. Are members of the Presbyterian 
Church ; he is a Republican. He owns 
a very comf jrtable residence and other 
property in Centerville, valued at about 



CENTER TOWNSHIP. 



495 



$9,000. He has been at his present 
business since 12 years of age, having 
served an apprenticeship of five years in 
Ireland and several years journey work 
before commencing for himself; has 
been established in this city twenty-five 
years ; is prompt to assist local enter- 
prises. 

Harris, S. D., clerk. 

Hart, W., far., Sec. 30. 

HARVEY, S. li., editor and pro- 
prietor of the Centerville Journal ; this 
paper was established in 1843. 

Hawkins, L. W., carpenter. 

HAYNES, E. C., attorney ; member 
of the law firm of Vermilion, Haynes 
& Vermilion. 

Henderson, A. R., far., S. 1. 

Henderson, R., coal dealer. 

Henkle, E. W., blacksmith. 

Henry, L. Mac, merchant. 

Herman. J. V., shoemaker. 

Hoffman, R. H., barber. 

HOI.I.IXGSWORTH, JERE- 
MIAH, deceased ; born Nov. 8, 1811, 
in Montgomery Co., Ohio; died July 8, 
1876. Married Elizabeth Pollard Oct. 
15, 1836 ; she was born April 4, 1818, 
in Shelby Co., Ky. In 1851, they came 
to Appanoose Co. ; she owns 120 acres 
of land. Had twelve children, seven 
living — Henry, Mary F., now Mrs. 
White; Sarah P]., now Mrs. Ashby ; 
Alfred. Dan, William and Lydia E, now 
Mrs. Fri.sby. John A. enlisted in 1862; 
served about eighteen months, and was 
killed by the guerrillas at Little Rock, 
Ark., in December, 1863. 

Hollingsworth, K., far., Sec. 24. 

Hollman. J. W., merchant. 

Hose, John, miner. 

Hoover, S. E., far., Sec. 17. 

Howell, C. H., farmer. 

Houston. J. W., carpenter. 

Hewlett, S. A., far.. Sec. 31. 

HUODLESTOX, C. M., photo- 
graph artist; born in Union Co., Penn., 
in 1852 ; located in this county in 1875. 
Married Miss Carrie Scott in 1858; 
she was born in the same county and 
State in 1840; they have five children 
— Foster G., Sherman R., Freeman, 
Wilfcnd and Ralph. Independent in 
politics. Owns his residence, valued at 
$1,500. He is a thorough artist, and 
can produce pictures equal to any in the 



largest cities ; has been in the business 

fifteen years. 
Hudson, R., retired farmer. 
Hughes, James, far.. Sec. 7. 
Hughes, Jesse, far.. Sec. 2. 
Hughes, John, farmer. 
Hughes, J. S.,far., Sec. 13. 
Hutson,N., far., Sec. 31. 

JENKS, J. D., carpenter. 
Johnson, Alex, miner. 

JOHNSON, W. S., lawyer; born in 
Union Co., Ind., in 1835 ; located in 
this county in May, 1851. Married Miss 
Sarah B. Gibson in 1855 ; she was born 
in Putnam Co., Ind., in 1836 ; they have 
five children — James H. A., Willie E., 
Pleasant Lee, Mary E. and Ida B. Mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church ; he is a Re- 
publican. He owns his residence and 
other property, valued at about $6,000. 
He is senior member of the firm of 
Johnson & Calvert, clothing and furnish- 
ing goods ; Mr. J. built the first store- 
house, was the first merchant and Post- 
master in the town of Cincinnati ; served 
as Clerk of the Courts three terms. 
Served three years and a half as private 
and officer in the 6th and 36th I. V. I. 

Johnston, R. A., blacksmith. 

Joiner, B. A., carpenter. 

Jones, G. W., carpenter. 

TT^EARNWILLE, J., saddler. 

Kelloirg, H. E., ieweler, 

KODIG, B. F., farmer. Sec. 35 ; 
born Dec. 15, 1837, in Preble Co., Ohio ; 
in 1856, came to Indiana; in 1859, re- 
moved to Appanoose Co. ; owns seventy- 
four acres of land, valued at $40 per 
acre. Married Mary Musser June, 1857 ; 
she was born in Augxist, 1839, in Ohio ; 
daughter ofMichael Musser, of Bartholo- 
mew Co., Ind. ; have five children — 
Ida B., Jessie May, Iowa M., Charles 
W. and Barbara E. Mr. K. has a book 
of examples written by his father when 
attending school in Lancaster Co., Penn., 
fifty years a<i:o. He was the first man 
who drilled for coal in Center Tp. M. 
E. Church ; Republican. 

Kindig, J., farmer. Sec. 35. 

Kindig, R. C. L., coal dealer and teamster. 

King, D., coal-miner. 

Kirkham, F. M., preacher. 

KIRKHAM, II. H. (firm of Kirk- 
ham & McGregor), hardware merchant; 



496 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



is a native of this State, being born in 
Van Buren Co., in 1841 ; he located in 
this county in 1871. Married Miss 
Ada Drake in 1862 ; she was born in 
Fort Madison, Lee Co., Iowa, in 1845 ; 
their children are Carrie, Rittie, Stella 
and Hattie. Are members of the Chris- 
tian Church ; he is Republican. The 
members of this firm are active, ener- 
getic business men, with liberal means 
and a thorough knowledge of their bus- 
iness ; have established themselves at 
the head of the hardware business in 
this section of the country ; they pur- 
chase their stock for cash at the lowest 
rates, and are, therefore, able to sell as 
low as any competitor ; they deal in 
stoves, sewing machines, etc. He owns 
his residence, worth $8,500, and a half- 
interest in the hardware store. 
ANE, C. W., merchant. 



L 



Lane, I. S., butcher. 
Lane, J. W. 
Lane, Silas, far., S. 12. 
Lane, S. W., merchant. 

liANE, WAIiDEN, MRS.; born 

in Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1830 ; moved 
to Geauga Co., Ohio, with her parents, 
in 1831, and to Hillsdale Co., Mich., in 
1849, thence to this county in 1857. 
Was married to J. F. Walden in 1860 ; 
he died in 1869, of disease contracted in 
the army. He organized Co. F, 17th 
Iowa Vols., and went into the field as 
Captain in 1862 ; was promoted to the 
rank of Major in April, 1863, and trans- 
ferred to the Pay Department in 1864, 
retaining his rank as Major ; was bre- 
vetted Lieutenant Colonel and mustered 
out in 1866. Mrs. Lane has one child 
living — Jennie Florence, born in Octo- 
ber, 1865, whose education is the prin- 
cipal aim of her mother. Having com- 
menced life young herself, as a school- 
teacher at 19 years of age, she is familiar 
with the difficulties encountered by a 
young girl thrown in a similar position, 
dependent upon her own resources, and, 
therefore, feels the deep responsibility 
resting upon her as the surviving parent 
of her orphan child ; she possesses those 
noble principles of self-sacrifice for the 
welfare of others, so rarely found among 
the denizens of this sublunary region. 
She taught school in Bellair and other 



places in this county in 1857. She 
owns property in this city, worth S5,000, 
and has an income from other reliable 
sources. 

Lankford, J., furnitnre. 

Lee, D., far., Sec. 2. 

Lindsey, J. N., plasterer. 

Long, G. W., far., Sec. 17. 

Long, J. S., far.. Sec. 17. 

I.OX€J^, VAIiENTINE, deceased ; 
born September, 1801, in Denison Co., 
N. C; died June 7, 1875. Married 
Phrana Yakeley in 1824 ; she was 
born Sept. 27, 1804, in Denison Co., 
N. C; in 1834, came to Indiana; in 
1848, moved to Appanoose Co.; she 
owns 170 acres of land; had eleven 
children, nine living — Andrew, Joseph, 
Lemuel, William A., Samuel Y., Eliz- 
abeth, Greorge W., Thomas J. and John 
S.; Mary A. and Matilda J. died, aged 
respectively twenty-five and twenty-eight 
years ; Andrew served about one year 
in the late war, and was discharged on 
account of sickness. Members of the 
Christian Church. 

Long, W. A., far., Sec. 18. 

McALISTER, CHARLES, farmer, 
Sec. 18. 
McAlister, J. R., far.. Sec. 30. 
McClard, J. F., laborer. Sec. 31. 
McCreary, W. M., far.. Sec. 8. 
McDaniel, W, B., far.. Sec. 20. 

MacGREGOR, ROBERT (of 

Kirkham & MacGregor), hardware mer- 
chant ; born in New York City in 1848; 
located in this city in 1871. Mar- 
ried Miss C. S. Sedgwick in 1873; she was 
born in Greene Co., Penn., in 1853; have 
one child — Sedgwick, born September, 
1 877. Mrs. MacGregor is a Methodist ; 
he owns half-interest in the real estate and 
stock owned by his firm, valued at about 
$15,000 ; they have the only first-class 
hardware establishment in the city ; 
they carry a large stock including stoves 
and sewing machines, which they buy 
for cash ; they are enterprising gentle- 
men and business men. 

McKeehan, D. S., medical student, 

McKeehan, S., far., Sec. 8. 

McKee, A., Continental Hotel. 

McKenney, J. A., miner. 

Mclaughlin, r. a., farmer, 

Sec. 18 ; born in Lancaster Co., Penn., 
Sept. 22, 1802, and lived in that State 



CENTER TOWNSHIP. 



497 



till 1869, and then moved to this county ; 
owns ninety acres of land, well culti- 
vated, valued at $30 per acre, and twen- 
ty-five acres of timber land, valued at 
810 per acre. He is a Republican. His 
wife, Rebecca Jones, was born in Somer- 
set Co., Penn., Aug. 16, 1812 ; they 
were married May 1, 1834 ; have eight 
children living — Ann Martha, Mary 
Jane, William H., Collin L., Louisa M., 
Francis W., Nancy E. and John R. 
Mr. McLaughlin has a pleasant home, 
and his children are well educated and 
fond of reading, and believe in keeping 
themselves well posted. 

McLouohlin, W. H., far., Sec. 18. 

M ARtoC}, J. B., County Auditor ; 
born in Belmont Co., Ohio, in 1833 ; 
moved to Monroe Co. in 1836, and lo- 
cated in this bounty in 1863. He mar- 
ried Miss S. E. Martin in 1871 ; she 
was born in Guernsey Co., Ohio, in 
1841 ; they have one child — Lena W. 
Are members of the M. E. Church ; 
Republican. Owns residence in Center- 
ville, valued at |3,000. He has held 
his present ofiice during the last five 
years. 

Martin, B. H., brickmaker. 

Martin, E. L., far.. Sec. 35. 

Martin, J., far.. Sec. 32. 

Martin, J. A., miner. 

MARTIW, JACOB S., weigher at 
Watson coal-mine; born in Jackson, 
Jackson Co., Ohio, Jan. 19, 1850; 
came to this county Sept, 28, 1871 ; 
owns his residence and several town lots, 
valued at $1,000. He is a Republican. 
His wife, Mary Louisa Hilliker, born in 
Michigan in 1 849 ; they were married 
Sept. 22, 1872, and have one child — 
Arintha. Mr. Martin was in the Union 
army six months ; he has held the jjosi- 
tion of weigher at the Watson coal-shaft 
several years, and appears to be a very 
trustworthy man. 

Martin, J. C, far.. Sec. 2. 

Martin, S., far., Sec. 30. 

Martin, T. W., far., Sec. 19. 

^lARTIN, WILLIS, farmer, Sec. 
2; born March 21, 1813, in Harrison 
Co., Ind.; in 1850, came to Appanoose 
Co. and to Center Tp. He owns 100 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Married Jane Woodward in 1836 ; she 
was born March 7, 1812, in Kentucky; 



have eight children — E. 
Thomas W., Nancy A. 



F., Adaline, 
Elizabeth J., 



William C, John C, Samuel A. E. F. 
enlisted in 1862, in 17th I. V. I., and 
served to the end of the war. Mr. M. 
has been Deputy SheriflP. 

Martin, W. C, flu-.. Sec. 2. 

MECHEII, Lr. C, attorney; born in 
Belmont Co., Ohio, in 1843, and located 
in this county in 1866. Married Miss 
Mary E. Wright in 1869; she was 
born in Warren Co., Ind., in 1849; 
they have one child — John S., born 
July 24, 1870. They are members of 
the Christian Church. He is a Repub- 
lican. Enlisted in the 15th Ohio V. I., 
in September, 1861 ; was transferred to 
the 129th Regiment, with the rank of 
First Sergeant, in July, 1863 ; was 
mustered out with his regiment at Cleve- 
land, Ohio, in March, 1864; served in 
the Army of the Cumberland. He 
owns his residence in this city, valued at 
$3,500 ; also other property worth 
$2,000. 

Mitchell, A., farmer. Sec. 17. 

MELLS, BENJAMIN P., farmer 
born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1827 
came to this country, and located in this* 
county in 1858. Married Mrs. Sarah 
Shipman in 1 863 ; she was born in Bel- 
mont Co., Ohio; they have two children 
—Benjamin P. and Sarah E. Mrs. Mells 
has three children, being fruits of a for- 
mer marriage, viz., Nora L., Charles W. 
and Anna R. Shipman. They are mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. He is a mem- 
ber of the Christian Church; Republican. 
Owns 543*^ acres of land on Sees. 29, 31 
and 32 in Bellair Tp., this county, valued 
at $25 per acre, and other property in 
this city, making in all about $25,000. 
He is engaged in breeding graded stock, 
sheep, etc. 

Merritt, T. C, merchant. 

Merritt, G. W., printer. 

MERRITT, MOSES, merchant; 
born in Wayne Co., Lid., in 1823; 
moved to Mercer Co., 111., in 1855, and 
located in this county in the fall of that 
year. He married Miss Lucy Ann 
Nugen in 1844; she was born in same 
county and State same year ; their chil- 
dren are George W., James, T. C, 
Linnia (Ullrich). Members of the M. 
E. Church ; Republican. He owns his 



i98 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



residence, valued at $2,500. He has 
been in business as a merchant since 
1858. 

MILLrER, JOHN, farmer, Sec 8 ; 
boinin 1838, in Fayette Co., Penn. ; in 
1870, came to Appanoose Co. ; owns 160 
acres land. Married Mary E. Catlin in 
1856 ; she was born in 1838, in Fayette 
Co., Penn ; have seven children — John 
S., Mary E., Carrie, Greorge, Charles, 
Ernest and Albert. Democrat. 

IIIL.L.ER, JOSHUA, attorney at 
law, senior member of the law firm of 
Miller & Goddard ; born in Stark Co., 
Ohio, in 1822; moved to Louisville, 
Ky., in 1835 ; thence to Lawrence Co., 
Ind., in 1841 . He married Miss Rhoda 
A. Swindler in 1844; she was born in 
Lawrence Co., Ind., in 1827 ; he moved 
to Texas Co., Mo., in 1845, and to Lee 
Co., Iowa, the same winter, and located 
in this county in 1851 ; their children 
are Arthur M., Sarah E., Frank, Charlie 
A., Lee L., Henry H. and Anna. They 
attend the M. E. Church ; he was an 
Old Line Whig until the party died in 
1852, and has been a stanch Republican 
since. He owns a very picturesque resi- 
dence adjoining: the city. 

MILLER, PETER, saloon, Center- 
ville Depot; born in Holmes Co , Ohio, 
in 1835 ; located in this county iu 1852. 
Married Mary Higgle in 1863; she was 
born in Ohio ; their children are Charles 
E., James F., John W., Robert B., 
Moses M. and Lillie May. He is Inde- 
pendent in politics. He enlisted in the 
3d Iowa V. C. in 1861; mustered out 
in 1864, at Keokuk, Iowa; captured at 
Holly Springs and paroled on the field ; 
sent to camp at St. Louis ; was ex- 
changed in June, 1863. 

Miller, R. A., flir.. Sec. 35. 

Mitchell, J. W., for.. Sec. 23. 

Mitchell, T., far.. Sec. 6. 

Monroe, D. M., far., Sec. 13. 

MOORE, S. M., JIJDCIE, attor- 
ney ; born in Miami Co., Ohio, in 1830 ; 
moved to Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 
1844; thence to Lee Co., in 1847, and 
located in this city in 1859. Married 
Miss M. J. Pendergast in 1852 ; she 
was born in Ripley Co., Ind., in 1831 ; 
they have five children — Alice E., Ad- 
dison, William Gr., Irvin and Charles 
M. They are members of the M. E. 



Church ; he is a Republican. Owns a 
residence and other property in the city, 
valued at $7,000, real estate outside of 
the city, valued at $1,000. Has prac- 
ticed law since 1862. Was elected 
Judge of the Probate Court in 1865, 
which position he held till 1869 ; he 
then became Auditor, which office he 
held till 1870. 

MORRIS, T. H., Recorder of Deeds; 
born in Monroe Co., Ohio, in 1839 ; 
located in this county in 1849. Mar- 
ried Miss Geraldine Griffith in 1862; 
she was born in the same county and 
State; their children are Laura J. and 
Lula M. ; Mrs. Morris died in 1877. 
He is a member of the M. E. Church ; 
Republican. Owns forty acres of land 
in this county. He enlisted in the 6th 
Iowa Vols, in 1861, Co. D; he was 
wounded at Shiloh April 6, 1862, from 
effects of which he lost a limb ; was 
mustered out at St. Louis, Mo., in 
1863. 

^fsTTElTSE, FREDERICK, lum- 
1 \l ber ; born in Frederick Co., Md.,i n 
1807; moved to Lexington, Mo., in 
1847 ; thence to Keokuk in 1848, where 
he carried on the lumber business until 
1873, when he sold out and moved to 
Alexander, Clarke Co., Mo., where he 
had a son in business, and located in 
Centerville in 1876. His wife, Anna 
Saftall, died in 1873, after forty-three 
years of a happy married life ; he has 
four children deceased and three living 
— George R., Frederick N. and Sarah 
R. (Scott). Has been a member of the 
M. E. Church forty-eight years. He 
tendered his services to the Government 
at the breaking-out of the war ; was not 
accepted on account of age. He owns 
$16,000 worth of improved property in 
Keokuk and about $4,000 worth in this 
city, in addition to his stock of lumber 
valued at $3,000-- sash, doors and 
blinds — and a controlling interest in 
$20,000 worth of lumber in his yard at 
Alexander, Mo. ; he has been in the 
lumber business thirty-one years. 

NE VIX, S., pottery ; born in Belmont 
Co., Ohio, in 1828; moved to Noble 
Co., in 1848. Enlisted in the First U. 
S. Vet. Vol. Eng. in 1864 ; mustered out 
in 1865, at Nashville, Tenn. He went to 
Sullivan Co., Mo., and located in this 



CENTER TOWNSHIP. 



499 



county in 1869, when he purchased a 
farm in Bellair Tp. He was married in 
1859; has four children — Albert S., 
John W., Simon E. and Mary Bell. 
He is a member of the Christian Church. 
He owns 111 acres in Bellair, valued 
at $30 per acre ; also his pottery, where 
he is prepared to fill orders for flower- 
pots, vases, fruit and milk ware, curb and 
pavement tile ; drainage tile a specialtv. 

KUSBAII]!!, J., clothing; born in 
Prussia in 1842 ; landed in New York 
in 1866 ; located in this county in 
1876. Married Miss A. in 1869; 
she was born in Bavaria in 1848 ; 
their children are Willie, Mary and 
Sammy. Independent in politics ; owns 
half-interest in his stock of goods, valued 
at about $5,000. 

i^ LIVER, W. W., coal dealer. 

OCjrLiE, B. A., foundry and machine 
shops ; born in Putnam Co., Ind., in 
1835; located in this county in 1861. 
Married M. E. Arnold in 1859; she 
was born in Ohio in 1839 ; have seven 
children — Albert F., Wesley H., John 
A., James T., George B., Adela and 
Kate. Members of the M. E. Church. 
He enlisted in the 36th I. V. C, Co. 
I, in August, 1862; mustered out, Sep- 
tember, 1865 ; was captured at Mark's 
Mills, Ark., and was exchanged in Feb- 
ruary, 1865. Owns half interest in the 
foundry and machine-shops of Gilliam 
& Ogle, in which they do a general 
business in their line; he also owns his 
residence in this city. 

Ong, J. I., clerk. 

Owings, A., Jr., far., Sec. 11. 

"PACKARD, B. L., far., Sec. 7. 

PAYTON, JOSEPH, City Mar- 
shal ; he was born Nov. 12, 1836, 
in Shelby Co., Mo.; in 1844, came to 
Appanoose Co.; in 1877, was elected to 
his present office. Enlisted in 1862 in 
Co. D, 6th Iowa V. I.; served till July, 
1865 ; participated in all of Sherman's 
battles. Married Mrs. Elizabeth Man- 
son, maiden name Swearngen, in 1858; 
she was born in 1836 in Illinois ; have 
four children — James, Center, Henry 
and Corse ; she has one child by a for- 
mer marriage — Mary G. Manson. Re- 
publican ; Baptist. 



PEN:NINGT0N, J. a., restaurant 
and confectionery; born in Brooke Co., 
Va., in 1841 ; located in this county in 
1860. He married Miss Anna Michaels 
in 1864; she was born in Indiana in 
1846 ; their children are Venlah and 
Zelma. Are members of the M. E. 
Church ; he is a Republican. He keeps 
a general stock of confectionery and 
fancy groceries, and manufactures crack- 
ers, candies, etc.; owns one-fourth in- 
terest in the celebrated Smith Patent 
Metallic Horse-Collar, which is being 
manufactured in Ccnterville. 

Painter, J. H., laborer. 

Patterson, A., far., Sec. 12. 

Payton, Joseph, City Marshal. 

Pennington, M. B., cabinet-maker. 

Philby, David, coal-miner. 

P H I L B Y , ELIZABETH, 

9IRN., widow; born in Hadlington, 
Leicestershire, England, in 1822; came 
to this country in 1863. Married Mr. 
Philby in 1842 ; he died in 1875; they 
had thirteen children, six of whom are 
deceased ; thelivingare Samuel, Thomas, 
David, George, Sadie, John W. and 
Captain Frances Edenburg, who was 
born at sea, on the Atlantic Ocean. 
Mrs. Philby is a Methodist. Her old- 
est married son David resides with his 
mother ; is a Presbyterian ; Greenbacker 
in politics. By profession a civil engi- 
neer ; engaged, during the last eight 
years, as reporter for the press — Chicago 
Times, Pittsburgh Labor Trihxine and 
New York Advocate. Mrs. Philby 
owns her residence, valued at $1,500, in 
Centerville. 

Phillips, J., flir.. Sec. 23. 

Pixley, A. F., blacksmith. 

Porter, A. J., far.. Sec. 14. 

PORTER, G. D., lawyer ; born in 
Perry Co., Penn., in 1846; moved to 
Cedar Co., Iowa, in 1851 ; thence (o 
Richmond, Mo., in 1866, and lo- 
cated in this county in 1870. Married 
Miss Hannah Rodman in 1871 ; she 
was born in Boone Co., Ind., in 1854 ; 
their children are Claud R., Sadie L., 
Northa Iowa, George McCoy. National 
in politics. Owns improved property in 
Moulton, in this county, valued at 
$1,600 ; 200 acres of coal-land, valued 
at $10 per acre, and a farm of 160 acres, 
valued at $25 per acre. 



500 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



Powers, T., far., Sec. 29. 
Powers, W. T., far., Sec. 29. 
Pratt, G., far.. Sec. 26. 
Prather, T. S., far.. Sec. 2.3. 
Pullman, J., retired. 
Puthers, G. A., far., Sec. 31. 
Puttiers, L. D., far., Sec. 30. 
Pyle, E. C, Dr., physician. 
"DAYBURN, J., carpenter. " 

Reno, W., carpenter. Sec. 35. 

REYNOLDS, E. M., physician and 
surgeon ; born in Wayne Co., Ind., in 
1843 ; located in this county in 1849, 
with his parents. He married Miss 
Martha W. Powell in 1863 ; she was 
born in Washington Co.,Penn.,in 1843; 
they have three children — Frank S., 
Oliver M. and William A. He is a 
Republican. A graduate of the E. M. 
Institute, Cincinnati ; he has practiced in 
this county since 1871, and since 1873 
in this city. 

Reynolds, S.. far.. Sec. 26. 

RICHARD, A., marble, slate and 
granite works ; born in France in 1825 ; 
came to this country in 1853, and worked 
at his trade of stone-cutting in New 
York, Michigan, Ohio and Chicago, and 
located in Centerville in 1861. Married 
Eliza Phillipot in 1854 ; she was born 
in the same place in France in 1831 
they have three children — Julia, Jose 
phine and B. F. Are Presbyterians 
Democrat. He owns his residence and 
other city property, valued at $3,500 
he is a stockholder in the Farmers' Na- 
tional Bank of Centerville. 

Richardson, T. B., far., S. 35. 

ROBLEY, HEXRY, deceased ; 
born August 15,1793, in Keene, N. 
H. ; died Jan. 29, 1872. He married 
EHza Spencer March 22, 1817. She 
was born June 13, 1799, in Addison 
Co., Vt. ; in 1854, they came to 
Appanoose Co. She owns 320 acres 
land. Mr. R. learned the blacksmith 
trade in New Hampshire and carried on 
this business in connection with farm- 
ing ; they have six children — Mary, 
Edwin, John, Timothy, Martha and 
Dennis. John and Timothy served 
three years in the late war. 

Robley, J. W., far., S. 18. 

Robley, M. A., far., S. 7. 

Raney, R., far., S. 7. 



Root, J., shoemaker. 

Root, S., far., S. 25. 

Rupe, Z., coal miner. 

Russell, W. T., druggist. 

RliSSEIili, H. A., drugs and sta- 
tionery ; also agent U. S. Express Co.; 
he was born April 23, 1851, in 
Washington Co., Penn.; in 1861, he 
came with his parents to Davis Co., 
Iowa ; engaged in farming till 1869, 
when he removed to Little Rock, Ark., 
and engaged in the drug business ; in 
1876, came to Centerville, and took 
charge of his present business. His 
father still lives in Davis Co , aged 81 
years ; his mother died in 1875, aged 
69 years. Republican ; Presbyterian 
Church. 

Q1 ARGENT, T. E., grocer. 

SARGEXT, W.E., merchant; born 
in Bracken Co., Ky., 1815; moved to 
Brown Co., Ohio, where he married 
Miss Sarah A. McGowan, 1833 ; she 
was born in Mason Co., Ky. He then 
moved to Marion Co., Ind., city of In- 
dianapolis, in 1845, and to Fairfield Co., 
Iowa, in 1850; went to Californiain 1863, 
and returned and located in this city in 
1867, when he went into the mercantile 
business. They have three children — 
Thomas, WiLiam A. and Eliza J. All 
members of the Baptist Church ; he is 
Republican. He owns his residence and 
other property, valued at $5,000. He 
has been in the mercantile business since 
1836 ; he has been a prominent mem- 
ber of the Masonic Order since 1850. 

SAIJNDER?*, F. II., Secretary of 
the Agricultural Society ; born in Flem- 
ing Co., Ky., in 1838 ; located in this 
county in 1870. Married Miss Char- 
lotte F. Brown in 1858 ; she was born 
in the same county and State in 1841 ; 
they have two children — William A. 
and Minnie F. Mrs. S. is a member of 
the Christian Church ; he is a Demo- 
crat. He owns his residence in Center- 
ville, valued at $2,000. 

SCOTT, X. M., Clerk of the Courts; 
born in Morgan Co., Ind. ; located in 
this county in 1853. Married Miss 
Persis Stark in 1860 ; she was born in 
Indiana in 1843; their two children 
are Minnie and Irena. Republican ; 
members of the Christian Church. He 



CENTER TOWNSHIP. 



501 



owns a farm of 120 acres, valued at 
$2,500 ; he has occupied his present 
official position the past two years. He 
enlisted in the 5th Kan. V. C. in 1861 ; 
transferred to the 6th Kan. V. C. in 
1862 ; was captured at Mazzard, Ark., 
July 27, 1864, by Gen. John A. Gano, 
Confederate Cavalry, and held a pris- 
oner at Tyler, Tex., until May 26, 
1865, when he was exchanged and mus- 
tered out at St. Charles, Ark., in June, 
1865. 

Selby, E. 0., patent rights. 

Sliaw, C. A., far., Sec. 6. 

Shaw, H., civil engineer. 

SHAW, JACOB A., farmer, Sec. 
24 ; born in Madison Co., Ind., Feb. 
25, 1847 ; with his father, Jacob S., 
came to this county in 1856, where his 
father engaged in brickmaking and 
farming in this township, near Center- 
ville; killed at a coal-shaft June 7, 
1872, aged 53 years ; his mother died 
Feb. 20, 1866, being 48 years and 8 
months of age; he remained with his 
father, receiving a common-school edu- 
cation, until 22 years of age. In 1869, 
he married Miss Susan McFarland ; she 
was born in Ohio in 1850 ; daughter ot 
J. S. and Sarah J. McF., of this town- 
ship ; died Nov. 15, 1870, leaving one 
child — Sherman, born Nov. 15, 1870; he 
then married Miss Mary E. McFarland, 
a sister of his first wife, Oct. 25, 1871 ; 
she was born in Ohio in 1851. llepub- 
lican ; he is a member of the M. E. 
Church ; she is a Presbyterian. He 
owns 190 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. 

Shaw, J. W., far., S. 6. 

Shaw, M. B., far , S. 6. 

Sharp, 0. H., watchmaker. 

SHAW, S. W., farmer. Sec. 14 ; born 
March 11, 1842, in Madison Co., Ind. ; 
in 1855, came with his parents to 
Augusta, Iowa ; the following year, re- 
moved to Appanoose Co. ; in 1860, he 
crossed the plains to Utah. Enlisted in 
1861, and served three years; was in 
the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Vicks- 
burg, and twenty others of less note ; 
honorably discharged July, 1864. Mar- 
ried Miss S. H. Wood Nov. 2, 1864 ; 
she was born Jan. 11, 1850, in Des 
Moines Co., Iowa; have four children 
—Mary E., born Aug. 25, 1867; 



George E., Aug. 19, 1869 ; Josephine 
B., Aug. 12, 1871, and Ella F., Aug. 
6, 1874 ; their oldest child died Aug. 
5, 1869. Owns 120 acres land, valued 
at $25 per acre. M. E. Church ; Re- 
publican. 

Sherman, J., far., S. 25. 

Shontz, J., far., S. 35. 

SHRIVER, GEORd^E W., farm- 
er; born in Armstrong Co., Penn., 
1817 ; moved to Van Buren Co., Iowa, 
in 1856, and located in this county in 
1874. Married Elizabeth Ellenburger 
in 1844 ; she was born in the same 
county and State in 1820 ; have ten 
children — Thomas, Charles, Andrew, 
James, Addison, Joseph, Elizabeth, 
Sarah, Emma and Ida. They are Pres- 
byterians ; he is Republican. Thomas 
and Charles enlisted, by permit from 
their father, they being under age, in 
the 15th Iowa Vols., 1861 — the former 
re- enlisted as veteran ; mustered out at 
close of the war ; the latter served the 
full term of his enlistment. He owns a 
good house and ten acres in the corpo- 
ration, valued at $5,000. 

Silknitter, B. F., Sheriff. 

Snider, A., farmer. Sec. 29. 

Spooner, B. S., printer. 

Spooner, D. A., teamster. 

Shontz, H. D., physician. 

Spooner, C. F., preacher. 

Staley, A., farmer, Sec. 25. 

Stanton, C. A., merchant. 

Steele, D. N., carpenter. 

Stephenson, J., farmer. 

STEPHENSON, ROBERT, 
Jr., M. H., he was born in Ohio ; 
at the age of 15, commenced the 
study of medicine with his father ; grad- 
uated in 1867 at the Iowa State Uni- 
versity at Keokuk. Has been engaged 
in active practice since 1865, and is 
now one of the leading physicians of 
Centerville. Enlisted in 1861 in Co. 
D, 42d Ohio V. I., commanded by 
James A. Garfield; in 1862, was pro- 
moted to 2d Sergeant ; fall of same 
year, was commissioned 1st Sergeant ; 
was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, in 
1864. The following year, removed to 
Centerville. Married Miss Ruth E. 
Pennington in 1868; she was born in 
West Virginia ; have two children — 
Claude and Ralph. Republican. 



502 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Stewart, D., far., Sec. 81. 

STRATTON, J. _ F., retired sur- 
veyor ; bora in Erie Co., Penn., in 
1801 ; moved to Michigan and located 
on the site of the city of Ann Arbor in 
March, 1825 ; moved to lovra in 1840 ; 
moved into Lee Co., Mo , in 1841, and 
explored the land of this county in the 
same year the treaty was concluded with 
the Indians; they gave up possession 
March 1, 1843 ; he moved in on the 3d 
of the same month and erected a hut, 
which he left in possession of his 
brother while he returned to Missouri 
for his family, which he brought with 
him and permanently located on the 
property his residence now stands on, 
under the j)re-emption act of Congress ; 
the county seat was selected, and he 
commenced the survey in 1846, and 
completed it in 1847, and acquired the 
title to his homestead by that means. 
He married Laura Foister in 1837 ; she 
was born in Franklin Co., Mass., in 
1803 ; they have two children living — 
Edward T. and Claudine Spooner ; they 
had one son — CharUe F. — killed in 
North Carolina, at the last battle of the 
war; he belonged to the 6th I. V. I. 
He owns his homestead, worth $3,000. 

Strickler, D. L., mail agent. 

Sturgeon, D. D., capitalist. 

Sturgeon, K., retired. 

Summers, J. W., capitalist. 

Swearingen, W. T., carpenter. 

Swinford, G. W., far., S. 20. 

Swinford, W. W., far., S. 29. 

n^ANNEHILL, H., lawyer. 

TALBOT, JOHX A., Sec. 35; 
he was born Feb. 23. 1817, in Mil- 
ford, Del.; in 1819, came with his 
parents to Baltimore, Md.; in 1824, 
they removed to Bethany, Va.; six 
years later, to Wellsburg, Va.; thence 
to Mt. Pleasant, Ohio ; in 1838, he 
came to Captina, Ohio ; in 1852, to Van 
Buren Co., Iowa; in 1857, removed to 
Centerville, and has resided here since ; 
he owns 337 acres of land, seventy- 
seven acres of which joins the city 
limits ; is engaged in various kinds of 
busine.«s, among which are milling, saw- 
ing, mining, farming, etc.; he is also Di- 
rector and stockholder in the Appanoose 
County Bank and the First National 



Bank, Centerville ; a Director of the M., 
I. & N. R. R.; has been since the sec- 
ond year of its organization ; is one of 
the largest bee-culturists in Appanoose 
Co.; he takes an active interest and is 
well informed regarding the geological 
features of this county. Mr. Talbot 
has never been married. 

Taylor, C. B., music-teacher. 

Thatcher, Wm., preacher. 

Thomasson, B. F., far., S. 11. 

Thomasson, J. L., far., S. 11. 

THOMPSON, D. M., engineer at 
Watson Coal-Shaft ; born in Miami 
Co., Ind., Oct. 22, 1838; located in 
this county Oct. 21, 1847, and owns 
two houses and lots, valued at $1,000. 
He is a member of the Missionary Bap- 
tist Church and is a Republican. His 
wife, Tabitha D. Etheridge was born in 
Jackson Co., Tenn., Jan. 2, 1842 ; they 
were married Feb. 10, 1858; their chil- 
dren's names are Martha A., Hiram A., 
Calvin 0., Ola O. and Samuel. Mr. 
Thomp.son enlisted in Co. C, 2d Mo. 
Cav.. May 2, 1862, and served with 
them two years and seven months, and 
re-enlisted in the 13th Mo. Vet. Cav., 
and served to the close of the war. 
Mr. Thompson has been engineer at the 
Watson Coal-Mine several years and is 
considered a very reliable man. 

Thompson, J. H.. livery. 

Thompson, W., far.. Sec. 31. 

Thompson, Wm., livery. 

Tissue, Wm., clerk. 

Trigg, J. T., bricklayer. 

Trotter, J'., laborer. 

Truax, J., tailor. 

LLRICH, J. P., blacksmith. 



U' 



UDEJLIi, XATHAX, born Feb- 
ruary 18, 1817, in Susquehanna 
Co., Penn. His father moved to Jef- 
ferson, Ashtabula Co., Ohio, when 
he was 6 or 8 months old, where he re- 
ceived a common school education with 
moderate opportunity, at an academy of 
the same town (county seat) ; made his 
own living by anything he could obtain 
to do — clerking in a store, teaching- 
school, etc. ; studied medicine with Dr. 
F. Rea, of Washington, Guernsey Co., 
Ohio, after marriage. Was married to 
Eliza Payne, of Washington Co., Ohio, 
June 30, 1840 ; two children born in 



CENTER TOWNSHIP. 



503 



Guernsey Co., Ohio; moved to Unionville, 
[owa, in 1849, and practiced medicine 
there eleven years ; had three children 
born ; was elected to the Sfate Senate in 
the fall of 1854, to fill vacancy caused by 
the resignatiDu of Amos Hains ; the 
Senatorial District then was comprised of 
Davis, Appanoose, Wayne and Decatur 
Counties ; was again elected in 1859 and 
18(j3, the Senatorial District at those 
period being as now, Appanoose Co. 
alone. Received a diploma in 1855 from 
the Medical Branch of Iowa University 
at Keokuk, Causa Honoris. Moved 
from Unionville to Centerville in 1860; 
am a member of Appanoose County 
Medical Society, of the Des Moines Val- 
ley Medical Association, of the Iowa 
State Medical Society, of American 
Medical Association. 
Ty^ANZANT, W., far., Sec. 24. 

Veach, B. E., carpenter. 
Veach, D. H., carpenter. 
Veach, F. M., carpenter. 
VERMILIOX, W. F., attorney; 

senior member of the firm of Vermilion, 

Haynes & Vermilion. 
TTTALKER, WILLIAM N., teamster. 

WALDEN, M. M., editor Center- 
ville Tribune and ex-Lieut. Governor. 

W AIIiES, T. L., photograph artist ; 
born in Indiana in 1852; moved with 
parents to this county same year. Mar- 
ried Miss I]tta Weaver in 1875 ; she was 
born in Champaign Co., Ohio, in 1856. 
He is liepublican. He deals in notions 
and fancy goods ; is prepared to take all 
kinds of pictures in the latest style, large 
and small. 

Ware, R. L., farmer. Sec. 5. 

Ware, William, far.. Sec. 35. 

WENTWORTH, CYRFS i^,, 
brick manufacturer ; born in York Co., 
Me., in 1827 ; located in this county in 
1856. Married Miss Sarah C. Bartlett 
in 1854 ; she was born in York Co., 
Me., in 1832 ; they have two children 
— Eugene G. and Cora C. Mrs. Went- 
worth is a Presbyterian ; he is Repub- 



lican. He owns 130 acres of land with 
first-class improvements, valued at $100 
per acre ; also brick-yard, in which he has 
manufactured 800,000 brick in one year ; 
his is the only brick-yard in this city or 
near it ; was established by him in 1868. 

Wentworth, T., far.. Sec. 35. 

White, M., far., Sec. 20. 

Whitman, R. W., laborer. 

Whitsell, J. S., grocer. 

Whitney, J. F., far.. Sec. 29. 

Wilkes, Wm., laborer. 

Williams, H. B., agricultural implements. 

Williams, J. W., hardware merchaut. 

Wilson. T. A., carpenter. 

Wolf, J., far., Sec. 13. 

Wooden, J. R., merchant. 

Wooden, A. E., merchant. 

WRIGHT, H. H., general real es- 
tate and abstract ; born in Wayne Co , 
Ind., in 1840 ; located in this county in 
1861. Married Miss Kate Gray in 
1866 ; she was born in Perry Co., Ohio, 
in 1846; thoy have three children — 
John E., Henry C. and Fanny. Mrs. 
Wright is a member of the Christian 
Church ; Republican. Owns his resi- 
dence, valued at $3,500. He has been 
Sheriif of this county from 1866 to 
1874. He has associated Mr. J. L. 
Berch, of Racine, Wis., with him in 
his business; at a great outlay of time 
and money, he has produced a complete 
set of abstract-books, and is prepared to 
furnish correct abstracts of any piece of 
property in this county. 

WRIGHT, S. W.; was bom in 
Pittsylvania Co., Va., Jan. 29, 1830; 
moved to Bloomfield, Davis Co., Iowa, 
May 5, 1850 ; came to Centerville, Ap- 
panoose Co., March 2, 1856, since which 
time has principally been engaged in the 
sale of drugs, medicines, etc. Married, 
April 28, 1859, Miss Ada A. Shields, 
who was born in Madison, Putnam Co., 
Ind.; have had two children ; Charlie, 
the eldest, died October, 1862, aged 2' 
years; Gertie died April, 1878, agedlti 
years. Still engaged in the sale of drugs ; 
also a stockholder and Cashier of the 
Farmer's National Bank of this place. 



504 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



A 



DAMS, E., Sec. S ; P. 0. Orleans. 



AI^DEM", S. M., millinery and dress- 
making. Main street ; residence same ; 
born in Stark Co., 111., in 1845 ; moved 
to Clark Co., Iowa, in 1857 ; thence to 
Franklin Co., Ark., in 1864; thence to 
this county in 1874, and commenced 
her present business in the spring of 
1877. Married G. C. Alden in 1861; 
he was born in Ohio in 1835. Own 
their residence and place of business 
in Moulton, 190 acres of land in Frank- 
lin Co., Ark., as well as land in Kansas, 
their total tax the past year being $51.60. 
Mr. Alden was formerly practicing law, 
but more recently merchandising, and 
still more recently has invented an arti- 
cle long needed in the country — a 
steamer for steaming food for stock, and 
i.s at the present writing in the West 
with his invention ; was at one time 
County Clerk of Franklin County ; also 
Justice of the Peace while in that 
county, and appointed weigher of cot- 
ton, in Third Collector's District of Ar- 
kansas, and was Postmaster at Ozark, 
Kansas. Enlisted in the 18th I. V. I., 
Co. B, as Sergeant ; was transferred to 
the 2d Ark. V. I., as Captain, June 28, 
1864, having raised a company for that 
regiment ; participated at Springfield. 
Mo., and others; mustered out at 
Clarksville, Ark., in August, 1865 ; was 
about to be promoted to Lieutenant 
Colonel, when mustered out at the close 
of the war. He is a member of I. 0. 
0. F., of Ozark ; she is a Daughter of 
Rebecca. Have five children — Edwin 
C, Cora Bell, EfiieR., Charles and Frank. 

Alexander, W. B., furniture, Moulton. 

Ammerman, D. W., railroad agent, Moul- 
ton. 

Ankron, E., Sec. 11 ; P.O. Moulton. 

BAILY, WM. H., constable, Moul- 
ton. 
Beach, B. P., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Beggs, Wm., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Beggs, W. S., Sec. 4; P. 0. Moulton. 
Bell, Jacob; P. O. Moulton. 
Benge, A., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 
Benge, J. A., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 
Benge, M. J., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 



BERRY, A. P., Pastor of Baptist 
Church, Moulton; residence cor. Seventh 
and West streets ; born in Bourbon Co., 
Ky., Nov. 11, 1824 ; removed to 
Wapello Co., Iowa, in 1849 ; thence to 
Moulton, this county, in 1870. Owns 
his residence here. Married Miss Har- 
riet E. Dickenson February, 1849, at 
Zanesville, Ohio. She was born at 
same place Dec. 11, 1826. They have 
seven children — Annie C, Mary E., 
George L., Wilfred F., Abel S., Louretta 
and Lydia B. Greenbacker ; is a mem- 
ber of A., F. & A. M., 317, Moulton ; 
Master of Lodge four years. A member 
of Board of Township Trustees three 
years, a member of Council three years. 
Mayor one year, six years on School 
Board, and at present Marshal and 
Street Commissioner. Enlisted in Co. 
D, 4th 0. V. I., Col. Chas. H. Brough, 
for late war in Mexico. Participated at 
the seige of Puebla, Atlixco, Thesalella; 
mustered out at Cincinnati in 1840 ; 
also enlisted for late war in Co. E. 
13th Iowa V. I., Capt. Shirk, Novem- 
ber, 1864 ; participated at Nashville, 
Kingston and others ; contracted the 
disease of bronchitis, from which he will 
probably never recover ; mustered out 
at Philadelphia June 20, 1865. 

Blosser, D. W., druggist, Moulton. 

Blosser, J. B., carj^enter, Moulton. 

Blosser, Lewis, clerk, Moulton. 

Bond, John, retired far., Moulton. 

Bray, N. J., S. 28 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Bridal, J. G., S. 23 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Brockus,T. S., S. 9 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Brown, J. A., S. 16; P.O. Beetrace. 

Bryan, William, S. 29 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Buck, L. R., wagon maker, Moulton. 

Buckmaster, S. L.. teamster, Moulton. 

Buckmaster, R. M., far., Moulton. 

Buckmaster, Wilson, S. 20; P. 0. Or- 
leans. 

Bulger, Samuel, merchant and Pastor 
Christian Church, Moulton. 

Bulger, Samuel, S. 29 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Burchett, B. B., grocer, Moulton. 

Burdett, John, carpenter, Moulton. 

BIIL.GER, SAMUEL, of Caldwell 
& Bulger, dry goods, groceries and gen- 
eral merchandise, Main street, corner of 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



505 



Second ; residence, Oak, between Sixth 
and Seventh streets ; born in Fayette 
Co., Penn., in 1839; removed to Ohio 
in 1840; thence to Clinton, Iowa, in 
1851, and to this county in 1874 ; owns 
125 acres of land on Sec. 25, Washing- 
town Tp., valued at $25 per acre, and a 
half-interest in an extensive line of 
goods. Married Miss Alice D. Stick- 
well in 1864; she was born in New 
Hampshire in 1839 ; they have three 
children — Clara, Bert and Charles. 
Gi-eenbacker. Trustee of township and 
corporation. Members of the Christian 
Church. He is a member of 1. 0. 0. F.. 
No. 297, Moulton. Was a resident of 
Texas in 1857; remained there until 
after the war broke out, and was pressed 
into rebel service ; remained until taken 
prisoner and sent to Springfield, 111.; left 
I heir service, and was sent to his home 
in Clinton, Iowa ; was then again forced 
into service by the North ; served three 
months and hired a substitute. 

Bunton, G. W., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Bybee, J. H., Sec. 12; P. 0. Moulton. 

Burgess, E., Sec. 17 ; P, 0. Beetrace. 

Burr, Jas., carpenter, Moulton. 

CALDWELL, C. B., Sec. 10; P. 0. 
Moulton. 

Caldwell, P. B., merchant, Moulton. 

CALDWELiL, J. S., proprietor ol 
Moulton Woolen-Mills ; office and mills, 
foot of Fifth St.; residence, foot of Fourth 
street ; born in Carroll Co., 111., in 1850 ; 
removed to Des Moines, Iowa, in 1870 ; 
thence to Albia, Monroe Co., Iowa, in 
1871; thence to Moulton, this county, 
in 1877 ; has a complete one-set mill, 
with a capacity of 350 to 400 yards per 
day, 240 spindles ; the best custom roll 
card in Iowa ; makes a specialty of jeans 
and yarn, with a dye-liouse all complete 
and as far as their capacity extends as 
complete as any Eastern manufacturing 
company's mill ; his mill and residence 
are valued at $10,000. Married Miss 
Madeline Edwards in 1875; she was 
born in Ohio in 1855 ; they have two 
children — John W., born in July, 1876, 
and Walter T., born in May, 1878. 
Greenbacker ; members of the Presby- 
terian Church. Enlisted in the 154th 
Ind., V. I. in 1864, and, being but 14 
years of age, was installed as Company 
Clerk, which position he held until mus- 



tered out, in October, 1865. Mr. Cald- 
well wishes to mention, for the benefit of 
all whom it may concern, that he is 
breeding some fine Berkshire and Poland- 
China hogs, as well as buff Cochins and 
Brahma fowls. 

Calnan, James, Sec. 12; P. 0. Moulton. 

Caldwell, W. J., Sec. 10; P. 0. Moulton. 

CAXXEN, P. H., agent for J. W. 
Campbell, grain merchant ; office and 
warehouse on depot grounds ; residence 
Third st. ; born in Knox Co., in 1829 ; 
removed to this county with his parents 
in 1849, who settled in Franklin Tp., in 
which there was not, at that date, more 
than four or five settlers. His father en- 
tered 400 acres of land, on which he 
lived until his death, which occurred in 
1862, his mother following him in 1867. 
His father never made but one move, 
having been born and raised on the farm, 
which he left on coming to this county. 
Mr. Callen came to this village in 1868 ; 
followed merchandising until January, 
1878, and after setting up his own 
affairs, commenced his present occupa- 
tion. Owns his residence, two vacant 
lots, one residence lot and one-half in- 
terest in business block. Married Miss 
Susan F. Willett in 1863; she was born 
in Virginia in 1845 ; they have four 
children — William A., Minnie C, Ira 
J. and Frank N. Democratic. A mem- 
ber of A., F. & A. M., No. 317, Moul- 
ton. Has been member of Council. 

Campbell, T. C, Principal of high school, 
Moulton. 

€ARR, JOHN, farmer. Sec. 13 ; P. 
0. Unionville ; born in County Tyrone, 
Ireland, in 1817; emigrated to America 
in 1840 ; landed in New York City with 
50 cents only, which he gave for a 
passage to Albany ; there met a friend, 
who bought a loaf of bread, on which, 
with canal-water to drink, they lived two 
days, traveling West ; secured a passage 
on Lake Erie by making himself generally 
useful on board the boat, and landed at 
Fairport, having had a purse of 50 
cents made up for him on the boat before 
landing ; walked to Columbiana Co., 
Ohio, where he earned his first money 
in America by working on the canal, 
which was being built then, from day- 
light until dark for SlO per month ; 
wheeling; dirt ; after working there for 



506 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY : 



five or six years, bought 140 acres of 
•wild land, which he kept until 1854, and 
sold still unimproved; paid out a great 
portion of the money thus obtained for a 
learn and tools, and started West ; 
stopped one year iu West Virginia, fifty 
miles west of Wheeling, farming ; then 
came on to Appanoose Co., and landed 
here in 1 855, with team, wagon and $500 
in money, and notwithstanding he has 
always been liberal to church and public 
enterprises, having given at one time 
$400 for riilroads, he now owns 553 
acres of well-improved land, valued at 
$30 per acre, out of debt and money to 
loan. He married Eliza J. Miller Feb. 
20, 1850 ; she was born in Columbiana 
Co., Ohio, December, 1818; have had 
seven children — Sarah Jane, born May 
19, 1851, died Oct 7, 1855; James, 
born Feb. 4, 185:-!, died Oct. 11, 1855; 
Louisa, born April 15, 1855, died Oct. 
l(i, 1855; John H., born Sept. 24, 
1856 ; Samuel A., born June 30, 1858 ; 
Stephen A. D.,born July 31, 1860, and 
an infant, born and died Oct. 1, 1862. 
Members of Christian Church ; Grreen- 
backer. Has held oflBce of Supervisor ; 
now School Director. 

CARSOBf, K. B., of CoflTey & Car- 
son, grain merchants ; ofiice and ware- 
house at depot ; residence, cor. Kim and 
Fourth sts. ; born in Shelby Co., lud., 
Oct. 1, 1842 ; removed with his parents 
to Davis Co., this State, where tliey are 
still living, in 1851 ; thence to this 
county in 1872 ; owns his residence, in- 
terest in ware and grain house and hay- 
house and grounds. Married Miss Liz- 
zie D. Deeds in 1873 ; she was born in 
Greene Co., Penn., in April, 1852 ; they 
have one child — Guy R., born in 1874. 
Republican. A., F. & A. M., No. 317 ; 
Master of Lodge. Has held the offices 
of Township Trustee, member of Council, 
member of School Board Independent 
District. Enlisted in 2d Iowa V. I., 
from Bloomfield, Davis Co., Nov. 20, 
1861 in Co. G, Capt. Baker ; participa- 
ted at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of 
Corinth, Atlanta and with Sherman to 
the sea ; enlisted as private and mustered 
out as color guard at Louisville, Ky., 
July 20, 1865. 

Gary, H. G., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Caughran, F. M., teacher, Moulton. 



Cavanaugh, J., section boss, Moulton. 

Clark, W. A., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Clark, W. W., Sec. 12; P. 0. Moulton. 

Cline, Job, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Cloud, A. P., artist, Moulton. 

Coad, J. C, attorney at law, Moulton. 

Caldwell, J. S., woolen-factory, Moulton. 

Comstock, John, lab., Moulton. 

Cook, H. C, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Corey, H. C, miller, Moulton. 

COREY, J. H., miller, residence 
Second street, Moulton ; born in Mari- 
etta, Ohio, in August, 1844; removed 
with his parents to Ottumwa, Iowa, in 
1865 ; thence to Moulton, this county, 
in 1873. Married Miss Fanny Wright 
in 1865; she was born in Harmer, Ohio, 
in October, 1848; they have two chil- 
dren — Charles H., born in Sej)tember, 
1868 ; Hattie, born in October, 1870. 
Republican in politics ; members of the 
M. E. Church. Enlisted in the 48th 
Ohio V. I., Co. C, in April, 1862, doing 
railroad duty, until mustered out in 
September, 1861 ; re-enlisted in the 
36th Ohio V. I., Co. G, Capt. Palmer, 
in September/, 1861 ; participated in the 
battles of South Mountain, Antietam, 
Chickamauga, Chattanooga and others ; 
mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, in 
August, 1865. 

Cowell. A., blacksmith, Moulton. 

COWLES, A. J., blacksmith ; shop 
on Fifth street; residence on Oak street; 
born in Cleveland, Euclid ave., Ohio, in 
1 830 ; removed with his parents to 
Lewistown, Fulton Co., 111., in 1835 ; 
there learned his trade, and, in 1853, 
removed to Davis Co., Iowa, and worked 
at his trade in Floris, that county, until 
1859, thence to Atlanta, Macon Co., 
Mo., where he remained two years, and 
returned to Davis Co., and, in 1865, 
returned to Atlanta, and, in 1869, 
came to Moulton. this county, where he 
purchased the shops and residence he 
now owns, worked at his trade until 
March, 1875, and returned to Macon 
Co., Mo., and engaged in farming Ij 
mile east of Atlanta, and, in 1876 re- 
turned to his residence at Moulton and 
purchased the carriage and wagon shop 
adjoining his blacksmich-shop, and has 
since been industriously engaged at his 
calling. Married Miss Nancy E. Atter- 
bury in 1856 ; she was born in Missouri 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



607 



in 1838 ; they have two children — Mary, 
born in 1857, and Anna B.,born in 1865. 
Greenbacker. Mr. and Mrs. C. and 
both their daughters are members of the 
M. E. Church. He is a member of 
I. 0. 0. F., No. 297 ; Treasurer of sub- 
ordinate lodge and encampment. Mr. 
C. says he has done business for the pub- 
lic for thirty- four years, and never sued 
but one man and never was sued, never 
was on a iury, never served as witness. 

Crow, J. N., Sec. 83; P. 0. Beetrace. 

CLXL,_ISON,_ E. D., L^oceries and 
provisions. Main st., Moulton ; boards 
Moor's Hotel ; born in Henry Co.. Iowa, 
in 1851 ; removed to Adair Co., in Novem- 
ber, 1859, and to this county in 1875; 
owns a farm in Davis Co., valued at 
$800, and a good stock of goods, and 
has a fair share of- the patronage of the 
people of Moulton and vicinity, and cor- 
dially solicits more. Republican ; mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church also ; of I. 0. 
0. F., No. 297, Moulton. 

CrPP, JOHSf, far., S. 4; P. 0. 
Moulton ; born in Blount Co., Tenn., in 
1811 ; came to Lee Co., Iowa, in 1843 ; 
thence to Appanoose Co., in 1850 ; has 
200 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre Married Miss Riddle in 

1834 ; she was born in Washington Co., 
Tenn., in 1808; died in 1858, leaving 
eleven children — Mary C., Jane, Sarah, 
Martha, Susan, Angelina L., Iowa, 
David G., Tennessee, William F. and 
Louisa; then married Miss Rebecca 
Ogle in 1859 ; she was born in Putnam 
C<'., Ind., in 1831 ; they^liave seven 
children — Louisa, John, Theressa, An- 
drew, George, Franklin and Cora. Re- 
publican. Has held the office of School 
Director. When Mr. Cupp came to 
this county, his worldly possessions con- 
sisted of a team, wag(in, wife and six 
children ; he now owns a farm, as men- 
tioned above, which ' with respect to 
quality of soil, improvement, etc., hav- 
ing two good orchards, is much superior 
to the average of the county, which is 
clear from incumbrance^ and has raised 
a large family, many of whom are now 
men and women, worthy and respected 
members of the community in which 
they live. 

DANIELS, JOHN. S. 17; P. 0. 
Moulton. 



Dougherty, John, S. 17; P. 0. Moulton. 

Davidson, J. G., lab., Moulton 

Davidson, W. R., S. 8; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Davis, Elisha, S. 21 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Davis, James, S. 36 ; P. O. Orleans. 

Davis, L. B., S. 27 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

DAVIS, LEVI, express agent and 
Justice of the Peace, Moulton. 

Davis, Sandford, S. 27 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Davis, Spencer, S. 4 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

DA VIN, W. A., miller, foot of Main 
street ; residence same. Born in W^ales 
in 1842, emigrated to America in 1848, 
and to Monroe Co., Iowa, in 1859 ; 
thence to Macon Co., Mo., where, with 
his father-in-law, J. A. Edwards, built 
a mill in 1869, which he controlled 
until 1872, when he came to Moulton, 
this county, where he is still in company 
with Mr. Edwards ; he built the mill of 
which he is now sole proprietor, Mr. 
Edwards having since retired from the 
firm. Is doing excellent work and has 
given such entire satisfaction to his cus- 
tomers that he has made it necessary for 
the other mill which has been running 
here to permanently close its doors. 
Married Miss Elizabeth Edwards in 
1865 ; she was born in Ohio in 1844. 
They have three children — John A., 
Annie and Moses. Is Independent in 
politics ; member of the Presbyterian 
Church ; also a member of the School 
Board. Enlisted in 128th Iowa V. I. ; 
soon after commencement of war was 
appointed Commissary Clerk, which 
office he held until mustered out in the 
fall of 1862. 

Davis, W. H., S. 27 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Day, Eli, S. 24 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Day, Ira, S. 35; P. 0. Moulton. 

Debolt, George, wagon-maker, Moulton. 

Deeds, A. C, clerk, Moulton. 

DEVIXE, JAMES, iarmer andtin- 
plate worker, S. 20 ; P. O. Unionville ; 
born in County Kerry in 1829; emigrated 
to America with his parents in 1836, 
who first settled in Framingham, Mass. 
His father first worked in the woolen 
mills at Saxonville ; they both died in 
that State, his father at 60, his mother 
at 70 years of age. At the age of 17, 
he went to learn tb.e trade of tinsmith, at 
Groton, Mass., that being the liome of 
Gov. Boutwell. To learn his trade, he 
served three years ; then went to Cam- 



508 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



bridge, Mass., and worked at journey- 
work, afterward at Boston. At the age 
of 21, he married Miss Hannah McFeely; 
she was born in Donegal, Ireland, in 
1829 ; she with her mother emigrated 
to this country when about 4 or 5 
years of age, her father having come a 
few years previous ; had charge of a 
shipping office at Brooklyn, N. Y.; died 
there in 1835. They settled at Lowell, 
Mass., where Mr. and Mrs. Devine were 
married in 1850. They have four chil- 
dren — William F., Eusebius N., Annie 
A. and Adelaide. Independent in pol- 
itics ; Mr. .and Mrs. Devine are mem- 
bers of the Catholic Church. 

Donald, A. N., Sec. 13; P. 0. Moulton. 

Donald, John, Sec. 13; P.O. Moulton. 

DOOM, M. li., physician and surgeon ; 
office and residence, cor. Elm and Broad- 
way ; born in Posey Co., Ind., in 1834 ; 
removed with his parents to Lee Co., 
Iowa, in 1836 ; thence to Davis Co., 
Iowa, in 1845, and crossed the plains to 
California in 1852; returning in 1858, 
but made the journey again in 1859, 
partially locating in Nevada, Oregon, 
Utah, Colorado, Washington Territory 
and Idaho ; returning to this county in 
1873, since which time he has been 
practicing his profession at Moulton, 
where he has erected a fine residence at 
a cost of $2,500 ; he also owns lands 
and stock in Idaho Territory, valued at 
$5,000. Married Miss Mary A. Ethell 
in 1859 ; she was born in Columbia, 
Boone Co., Mo., in 1834 ; they have 
one daughter, Jessie Lee, adopted from 
John Boyer of Moulton. Green- 
backer; members of the M. E. Church. 
The Doctor is a member of the A., F. & 
A. M., No. 317, in which he holds the 
office of Treasurer ; also a member of 
the I. O. 0. F., No. 317 ; Trustee of 
that Lodge. Enlisted in Co, G, 5th Cal. 
Cav. Militia, in 1862; kept under regular 
organization and ready lor service until 
mustered out in 1865. 

DOWXS, AL.BERT S., wagon 
and carriage maker. Fifth st. ; residence 
Sixth St. ; born in Boone Co., 111., in 
1843 ; removed to Ozaukee Co., Wis., 
in 1848; thence to Chicago in 1865; 
thence to Beloit, Wis., in 1866 ; there 
learned his trade, and, in 1868, re- 
moved to Belvidere, 111. ; thence to 



Albia, Monroe Co., Iowa, 1871, where 
his parents now reside ; and to Ot- 
tumwa, Iowa, in 1875 ; thence to this 
county in August, 1877 ; owns his resi- 
dence. Married Miss Mary Keelor in 
1869 ; she was born in Virginia in 1847 ; 
died at Albia, Iowa, in 1871, leaving two 
children — Arty AV., born in May, 1870, 
and Charles K., born in October, 1871 ; 
then married Miss Sue M. Shields in 
1875 ; she was born in Pennsylvania, 
Dec. 25, 1843. A straight Republican '. 
Mr. and Mrs. D. are members of the M. 
E. Church. Enlisted as private in Co. 
G, Capt. Payne, 1st Wis. V. C. in 1862 ; 
participated at Dandridge, Tenn., Chick- 
amauga and others, and mustered out as 
Orderly Sergeant, although holding com- 
mission as Captain, and had had charge 
of company for some time previous to 
being mustered out at Nashville, Tenn.. 
in July, 1865. 

Doyle, Mike, section boss, Moulton. 

DRAKE, E. A., farmer ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton ; residence. First st. ; born in Mar- 
shall Co., Tenn., December, 1828 ; re- 
moved to this county in 1847 ; owns 
eighty acres at and adjoining Moulton, 
costing $14,000 ; two town lots, with 
240 acres in this (Wells Tp.) ; 60 
acres in Union Tp., with 160 acres in 
Taylor Co., and 120 acres in Page 
Co. Married Miss M. E. Miller in 
1846 ; she was born in Marshall Co., 
Tenn., in 1823 ; they have seven children 
—William D. W., John N., Mary A., 
Harbard B., Ettie, Hattie and Romeo 
B. Democratic ; he is a member of the 
M. E. Church ; she a Presbyterian. 
Belongs to A., F. & A. M., No. 119, 
Unionville. Mr. D. was among the early 
settlers, purchasing his first land from 
the Government ; made farming his sole 
business until 1860, when he commenced 
handling stock, to which he soon added 
merchandising, opening a store at Union- 
ville, then at Albia, and soon after, one 
here (Moulton) still dealing heavily in 
stock. When Mr. Drake came to this 
county, a wife and baby, with $300 in 
money were his sole possessions, and he 
was but a few months past 18 years of 
age, and, up to the spring of 1868, had 
accumulated 1,300 acres of land, which, 
at the census of 1870, was appraised at 
$40,000. At the time of entering into 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



509 



business at Albia, he had $15,000 in 
good paper, and did not owe one dollar in 
the world. In 1872, commenced bank- 
ing at Moulton. During 1868-69, he 
furnished money for handling over $100,- 
000 of stock. In the summer of 1873, 
he failed, his indebtedness being $25,000, 
caused by the financial irregularity of a 
partner, and by the strictest economy and 
close attention to business, has paid 100 
cents on the dollar on all except $4,000, 
which he hopes to soon pay as well. 

Dugan, A., laborer, Moulton. 

DtlXB AR, J. X., for.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Orleans; born in Russell Co., Ky., in 
182-4 ; removed to Davis Co., Ind., in 
IS-IO ; thence to this county in 1848 ; 
owns 110 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. Married Margaret Woldrege in 
1845; she nrasbornin Russell Co., Ky., in 
1822 ; died in 1869, leaving eight chil- 
dren — Elizabeth, Samuel C. (a conductor 
on the railroad), Eliza A., James M., 
Fidelia, Oliver C, Julia and Lewis 
Baxter ; he then married Mrs. Lucy 
Taylor, widow of the late Holland Taylor, 
in 1871 ; she had one daughter — Allie 
— by her former husband. They are 
members of the Christian Church at 
Orleans. 

Tj^LLERTON, F. N., plasterer, Moul- 

XLi ton. 

EARNEST, J. Ii.,_far., Sec. 32; 
P. 0. Beetrace ; born in Washington 
Co., Penn., in 1825 ; removed to Appa- 
noose Co. in 1856 ; has 220 acres of 
land, valued at $45 per acre. Married 
Miss Elizabeth Murdy in 1853; she 
was born in Washington Co., Penn., in 
1832; they have six children — Murdy 
M., Mary Bell, N. Alice, Kate, William 
and Eva. Republican ; members of the 
M. E. Church. Mr. Earnest has held 
the offices of Township Assessor, 
Trustee, and is now County Supervisor, 
and has held the post office in his town- 
ship for twenty years, it being the old- 
est post office in the county. Was a 
day -laborer up to the time of coming to 
this county, working on the B. & 0. R. 
R. 

EDWARDS, X. W., attorney at 
law ; office. Main st. ; residence. Fifth 
St. ; born in Mauomb Co., Mich., in 
1839; removed with his parents to Pot- 
tawattamie Co., Iowa, in 1858 ; thence. 



after railroading (contracting) until 
1871, settled in Moulton ; owns two 
lots. Married Mrs. Fannie A. Pendle- 
ton in 1870 ; she was born in Sheridan 
Co., Mo., in 1839; they have four 
children — Egbert D., Harry C, Dick 
E. and Winnifred. Republican. Has 
held the offices of Mayor, Constable and 
City Marshal. Members of the M. E. 
Church. He is a member of the A., F. 
& A. M., No. 312, Sincerity Lodge, 
Moulton, and the Chapter at Center- 
ville. PJnlisted in the 15th I. V. I. in 
1861 ; participated at Pittsburg Land- 
ing, Corinth, first and second ; luka, 
Vicksburg, all through, and all the bat- 
tles from Resaca to Atlanta, inclusive, 
on Sherman's march to the sea; present at 
the capture of Johnson's army ; mus- 
tered out as Captain in 1865 ; Commis- 
sioned as First Lieutenant of the 15th 
U. S. Regulars by President Johnson. 

Ellerton, J. R., carpenter, Moulton. 

Ellerton, F. W., teamster, Moulton. 

Ellerton, Wm., laborer, Moulton. 

Elledge, H. V., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Elledge, Wm., laborer, Moulton. 

Epperly, D. H., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Epperly, Henry, Sec. 22; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Epperly, I. H., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Evans, A. J., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Exline, Isaac, Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

FEAST, PETER, wagon - maker ; 
Moulton. 

Fleming, L. J., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Fleming, W. Y., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Fox, B. F., Sec. 8; P. 0. Moulton. 

Fox, Charles, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Fox, E. B., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Fox, J. G., Sec. 8; P. 0. Moulton. 

Fox, L. R., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Fox, Otto, Sec. 18; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Fox, S. H., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Freeland, F. P., laborer, Moulton. 

FREEIiAND, JOHN S., Pastor 
of the M. E. Church, Moulton ; resi- 
dence Seventh street ; born in Greene Co., 
Penn., Aug. 23, 1845 ; removed with 
his parents to West Virginia, where his 
father, as well as himself, engaged in 
the ministry until 1876, when he was 
transferred to the Iowa Conference ; 
since which he has been preaching at 
the above-named church, where he has 

2 



510 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY : 



a good attendance, the Church being 
well represented by a large body of 
Christian people, and is at present in a 
growing and flourishing condition. Mar- 
ried Miss Mary L. Kinnaird in 1872 ; 
she was born in West Virginia in 1851 ; 
they have two children — Milton P., born 
in 1873, and Belilah B., born in 1877. 
Republican. Member of A., F. & A. M., 
Wert Lodge, No. 45, at Burning Springs, 
W. Va. ; also, I. 0. 0. F., No. 297, 
Moulton; Chaplain. Enlisted in Co. 
D, Capt. Kelldore, 155th Penn. V. 
I., Aug. 23, 1864 ; participated in two 
battles at Hatchie Run, Five Forks; 
at the surrender of Lee and others of 
less note ; mustered out at Washington, 
D. C, June 12, 1865. 

GALE, J. W., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 
Galleher, C. H., teamster, Moulton. 
Galleher, J. W., carpenter, Moulton. 
Garr, Elias, S. 25 ; P. 0. Orleans. 
Gebhart, H., S. 11 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Good, Jos., S.19; P. 0. Unionville. 
Gregory, Joel, S. 14; P. 0. .Moulton. 
Gustem, Joseph, cooper, Moulton. 

HAHN, R., Pastor Presbyterian 
Church, Moulton. 

Hakes, H., S. 14; P. 0. Centerville. 

Hale, M. B., telegraph operator, Moulton. 

Hale, Wm. A., carpenter, Moulton. 

Hamilton, Wm., S. 31 ; P. 0. Kerkwood. 

Handke, Christ, S. 13 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Hardman, I., S. 23 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

HARM, A. M., boots, shoes, leather 
and findings, Main street, corner Third, 
residence Third street ; born in Fayette 
Co., Penn., in 1833; moved to this 
county in 1855 ; owns residence, store 
and corner lot, etc. Married Miss T. 
Sumner in 1864 ; she was born in Spen- 
cer Co., Ind., in 1836 ; had one child — 
Segal, born in 1866 ; died Feb. 28, 1876. 
Democrat. 

H ARRAMAX, CH AS. S., farmer. 
Sec. 32 ; Beetrace ; born in Darke Co., 
Ohio, in 1825; moved to Woodford 
Co., 111., in 1866, thence to this county 
in 1871 ; owns 105 acres of land, 
valued at $20 per acre. Married Miss 
Elizabeth Job in 1850; she was born 
in Preble Co., Ohio, in 1830 ; have 
two children — Leander and Margaret. 
Republican. Members of the United 
Brethren Church, he being Pastor of the 



same. Enlisted in the 126th 0. V. I., 
May 16, 1865 ; participated in no bat- 
tles, and was mustered out in August, 
1865. 

Harter, Silas, apiary, Moulton. 

HAYS, T. H., farmer and breeder of 
Jersey cows, Sec. 9; P. 0. Moulton; born 
in Jefferson County, near Madison, Ind.; 
moved with his parents to Lee Co., 
Iowa, where his father was engaged in 
farming until 1856, when he came to 
this county and purchased the farm 
now owned and occupied by his son, T. 
H., consisting of 260 acres, valued, at 
$35 per acre. Married Miss Maggie 
Spraker in 1 870 ; she was born in 
De Kalb Co., Ind., in 1847, and died in 
February, 1875, leaving two children — 
James T., born in 1872, and Willidm 
H., born in 1874. Mrs. Hays was a 
member of the M. E. Church. Mr. H. 
holds the office of Township Trustee. 
Republican. 

HAUGHEY, ANXIE M., resi- 
dence West street, Moulton ; born in 
Fayette Co., Ohio, in 1837, her maiden 
name being Irvin ; her father, Stephen 
M. Irvin, was born in Bedford Co., 
Va., Oct. 3, 1780 ; afterward settled in 
Bedford Co., Ky., and, in 1813, left 
that county and traveled north to seek 
a home where American slavery was 
prohibited by law, and settled in Fay- 
ette Co., Ohio, in a perfect wilderness of 
very heavy timber, erected a cabin and 
cleared off a garden spot, the nearest 
trading-point, Hillsboro, being thirty 
' miles distant ; he again saw the priva- 
tion of a pioneer life as he had before 
seen it in Kentucky, having to beat a 
portion of his food in a mortar, formed 
by hollowing out one end of a log of 
wood, and a pestle made by splitting 
one end of a stick, and inserting the 
iron wedge with rings to hold, made the 
thing complete. He raised seven girls 
and seven boys ; five of his sons became 
ministers, one died in a rebel prison, of 
starvation, and the other lives at Atlanta, 
111.; the daughters all live in different 
portions of the West. The subject of 
this sketch married S. G. Haughey, in 
1854, and with him came to Southern 
Illinois the same year, where he en- 
gaged in farming and brickmaking for 
two years, when they moved to Davis 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



511 



County, this State, and purchased a 
farm, remaining there until 1858, and 
came to Moulton, this county, whore 
he was engaged in the kimber trade for 
three years, and again started the brick 
and tile business, his yard being in the 
eastern part of the village ; the remains 
are still standing as a memento of former 
and better days of Moulton. Mr. 
Haughey was born in Greene Co., Ohio, 
and died at Moulton, in 1876, being 
kindly attended to his last resting-place 
by the Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., of Moulton; he 
left six children— Frank E., Ida M., Clara 
A., Joshua A., Burnet and Willie. 
They were members of the Christian 
Church. He was a member of I. 0. 
0. F., having joined one of the first 
lodges organized in Ohio. Mrs. H. 
owns her residence, also property in 
East Mouiton. 

Hankee, Robert, carpenter, Moulton. 

Heaston, J. W., P.O. Centerville. 

Henshaw, E. J., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Henderson, Jas., Sec. 32; P.O. Beetrace. 

Henderson, Jno., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Henderson, Wm., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Hester, S. W., tinner, Moulton. 

Hetzler, Henry, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Higenbothem, G. M., Sec. 29; P. 0. 
Beetrace. 

Higenbothem, J. C., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Beetrace. 

Hileman, James, Sec. 7; P. 0. Moulton. 

HOl^MES, J. l(., agent and oper- 
ator for the B. & S. W. R. R., Moul- 
ton ; residence corner Fourth and Oak 
sts. ; born in Belmont Co., Ohio, in 
1848 ; removed to Cedar Co., Iowa, in 
1870 ; thence to Hancock Co., 111., in 
1873, and to this county in 1877. 
Married Miss Bull Browning in 1874 ; 
she was born in Illinois in 1853 ; they 
have one child — Hugh D., born in 
1875. Mrs. Holmes is a member of the 
M. E. Church ; he is a member of the 
Friends' Church ; Republican in poli- 
tics. 

Hopkins, S., Sec. 23; P. 0. Uniunville. 

Hornady, W. F., Sec. 29; P.O. Beetrace. 

Houser, Jacob, Sec. 15 ; P. O. Moulton. 

Houser, M. C, Sec. 5 ; P. O. Beetrace. 

Howell, Geo., Sec. 4 ; P. O. Beetrace. 

Howell, M. V. B., physician and surgeon, 
Moulton. 

Hubler, D., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 



Hubler, L., carpenter, Moulton. 
Hughes, M., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Hughes, J. L., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

ISENBERG, N. S., pattern maker, 
Moulton. 
JENNINGS, JAMES E., farmer, 
Moulton. 

JEJfl^INGS, JOHN P., farmer 
and stock-grower, Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton ; born in Roanoke Co., W. Va., in 
1826 ; removed to this county in 1853; 
has 240 acres of land, valued at $9,000. 
Married Miss Mary S. Howell in 1852; 
she was born in Bedford Co., Va., in 
1833 ; they have ten children — William 
E., Elisha J., May E., Sarah A., Luella, 
Saphronia B., Cora E., Ettie, Silvie and 
Eva. Members of the German Baptist 
Church, their eldest daughter being a 
member of the same church. Mr. J. 
has a well-improved farm, fine buildings 
and plenty of fruit of all kindS' to be 
raised in this county, and has made it all 
since coming to this county. Visited 
his old home in Virginia a few years 
since, and says he is better satisfied than 
ever with his home here, and thinks, 
everything considered, Appanoose is as 
good as any. 

Jennings, M. S., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Jennings, S., butcher, Moulton. 

Jennings, R., clerk, Moulton. 

Johnson, D., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Johnson, M. A., retired, Moulton. 

JOHXSON, WM. J., farmer, Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. Moulton ; born in Pulaski Co., 
Ky., in 1822 ; removed to Randolph Co., 
Mo., in 1836 ; thence to this county in 
1846, with his parents, they being the 
oldest settlers on Fox River ; has 140 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Margaret Kelso in 1863 ; she 
was born in Kentucky Nov. 8, 1826. 
Mr. Johnson is one of the best farmers 
in his vicinity ; he has gathered to- 
gether the means of a comfortable 
livelihood for the remainder of his days, 
all of which he has accumulated since 
coming to this county, as all he had on 
coming here was one horse, which he 
rode from Missouri and 6 bits in money. 

Jones, L, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Jordan, James, merchant, Moulton. 

TT'ELLUM, J. W., laborer, Moulton. 

Kennel, A., farmer, Moulton. 



512 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



Killam, L. C, attorney at law, Moulton. 
Kinny, John, laborer, Moulton. 
KING}, THOMAS J., REV., 

Pastor of Catholic Church, Moulton ; 
residence. First st. ; born in County 
Cavan, Ireland, in 1851, where he en- 
tered college in 1869, graduating in the 
classics in 1873, soon after which he 
emigrated to this country and com- 
pleted his theological studies at St. Bon- 
aventure College, conducted by the 
Franciscan Fathers at Allegany, N. Y.; 
has hopes of soon erecting a church at 
Moulton, and expects one started at 
Centerville the coming spring — 1879. 
King, W., Sec. 19; P. 0. Orleans. 
r AW, THOMAS, carpenter, Moulton. 

L.ANE, JOHN Q., manufacturer of 
wagons and carriages, Main st. ; resi- 
dence, corner Second and Elm sts. ; 
born in PtussellCo., Ky., in 1824 ; re- 
moved with his parents to McDonough 
Co., 111., in 1836 ; was there until 
1863, when he removed to Davis Co., 
this State; thence, in the fall of 1865, 
to Moulton, in this county, where he 
followed the trade of carpenter and 
joiner until the fall of 1873, since which 
he has followed his present occupation ; 
owns his residence. Married Miss Lu- 
cinda Miller in 1844; she was born in 
Tennessee in 1825 ; died in 1847, leav- 
ing one child — Cyrus ; then married 
Sophia Whitten in October, 1849 ; she 
was born in Wayne Co., Ky., in 1825 ; 
they have four children — William Q., 
Mattie E., Manford E. and Elisabeth. 
Greenbacker ; Mr. Lane is a member of 
the Christian Church. Has held the 
office of Township Trustee, and is a 
member of the City Council ; and, while 
living in Macomb, 111., was City Marshal 
of that city five years. A member of the 
I. 0. 0. F., No. 297, Moulton, since 
1859 ; has passed all the chairs. Mr. 
Lane is among the early settlers of the 
county, being the first settler of Moul- 
ton now residing here. 

I.AWRENCE, B. S. ; residence. 
Hansom's Addition to Moulton, P]ighth 
St. ; born in Jennings Co., Ind., in 
1835 ; removed to Chicago, 111., in 
1859 ; thence to this county in 1864 ; 
owns residence and one acre of ground. 
Married Miss Levence Shepherd in 



1860; she was born in Jennings Co., 
Ind., in 1839. Mr. and Mrs. L. are 
members of the M. E. Church ; Repub- 
lican. 

liEE, HIRAM, farmer and stock- 
grower. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Orleans ; born 
in Wayne Co., N. Y., 1828, removed to 
St. Joe Co., Mich., in 1854; thence to 
Champaign Co., 111., in 1856, thence to 
Orleans, this county, in 1865. Owns 
257^ acres of land, valued at $35 per 
acre. Married Miss Mary Chase in 
1849. She was born in Washington 
Co., N. Y., in 1825. They have tl«-ee 
children — Charley H., born in 1857 ; 
Celestia H., born in 1859 ; Sarah A., 
born in 1861. Democrat. Mr. Lee is a 
Deacon of the Christian Church of Or- 
leans, his wife and two daughters also 
being members. 

Linden, John, S. 9 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Lenkersdorfer, John, S. 9 ; P. 0. Moulton." 

Leonard, W., S. 6 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Locker, Gholson, S. 24 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

L.ONO, WILL.IAM, farmer, Sec. 
15 ; P. 0. Moulton ; born in Alle- 
ghany Co., Md., in 1818; when about 
1 year old, his parents removed to Hamp- 
shire Co., Va., and there lived until he 
was 21 ; then the family removed to 
Cumberland, Md., thence in 1839 to 
Harrison, W. Va., thence to Keokuk 
Co., Iowa in 1854, and to this county, 
October, 1863 ; he has 130 acres of 
laud valued at $4,000. Married Mrs. 
Rebecca Hayes in 1863 ; she was born 
in Jefferson Co., Ind., in 1833; was the 
widow of Wm. H. Hayes, of this town- 
ship, whom she married Sep*^. 1, 1853, 
in Jefferson Co., Ind. ; he died March 1, 
1859, leaving three children — William 
T., Sarah J. and Martha A. They 
have three children — Anna S., born in 
1866 ; Rosa B., 1870, Nancy E., 1872. 
Democratic. Mrs, Long has been a 
member of the Baptist Church since 16 
years of age. Mr. Long enlisted in the 

. 8th Iowa V. I. in 1861 ; participated 
at Pittsburg Landing, Shiloh, Memphis, 
Vicksburg and others; in hospital six 
months ; discharged on account of ill 
health in 1862. 

Ledbetter, Lovejoy, S. 17 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Lowery, S. F., S. 31 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

■A /TcCOY, JOSEPH, laborer, Moulton. 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



513 



McDonald, H. T., farmer, S. 19; 
P. 0. Uuionville ; born in Johnson Co., 
Ind., in 1851 ; during the same year his 
father, C. F. McDonald, removed to 
Jefferson Co., Iowa, rented a fixrm there 
and remained three years, and came to 
this county in 1854, and purchased the 
farm on which he died, 1865. H. T. 
McDonald married Miss Lucy J. Hick- 
enbothen in 1874: ; she was born in 
this county in 1853 ; they have two 
children — John, born in 1875; Bertha 
J., born in 1878. Republican; he is 
a member of the M. E. Church ; she is 
a Baptist. Owns his interest in his 
father's estate. 

McElderry, J. A., S. 17 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

McFall, J. N., S. 30 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

McLaughlin, S., S. 27 ; P. O. Orleans. 

McLaughlin, T., Sr., S. 26 ; P. O. Orleans. 

McLaughlin, T., Jr., S. 26 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Mallett, L., capitalist, Moulton. 

Mace, S. R., jeweler, Moulton. 

Marsh, A. L., S. 29 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

HARSHAIili, H. I^., attorney and 
counselor at law and collecting agent, 
Main street ; residence Second street ; 
born in Brown Co., Ohio, in 1849 ; re- 
moved to McLean Co., Til., in 1872 ; 
thence to this county in 1875. Member 
of the M. E. Church and member of I. 
0. 0. F., No. 297, Moulton. 

Marshall, Wm., broker, Moulton. 

Mathews, P., S. 13 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Meenach, A. J., barber, Moulton. 

Millirons, J., S. 31 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Mitchell, J., S. 24 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Mitchell, R., S. 23 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Mitchell, Wm., S. 23; P. 0. Orleans. 

MONTGOMERY, CHAS. A., 

Moulton. 

Montgomery, Wert, grocer, Moulton. 

Moore, G. T., harness-maker, Moulton. 

Moore, J. W., Cashier Moulton Bank. 

MOORE, J. W., dealer in general 
merchandise and Cashier Moulton Bank, 
Main St. ; residence, Second st. ; born 
in Jeiferson Co., Ohio, in 1835 ; came 
to Burlington, Iowa, with his parents, 
in 1843 ; thence to Henry Co., Iowa, in 
1846 ; thence to Jefferson Co., Iowa, in 
1858; and to Appanoose Co. in 1870 ; 
owns store, with an extensive line of 
goods, residence and several vacant lots 
in the village. Married Miss Minerva 
Hufsteller in 1855 ; she was born in 



Parke Co., Ind., in 1840 ; died April 7, 
1876, leaving three children — -Jose- 
phine, Johnnie and Maud ; then mar- 
ried Alvina Wahl in 1877 ; she was 
born in Philadelphia in 1843 ; they 
have one child — Luke. Democrat. On 
the Board of County Supervisors for 
three years. Mr. and Mrs. Moore are 
members of the Presbyterian Church. 
He belongs to the A., F. & A. M., 
Lodge No. 10, Keosauqua ; I. 0. O. F., 
No. 297, Moulton, and has passed all 
the chairs. Enlisted in the 8th I. V. 
C, as Lieutenant, in 1863 ; participated 
at all the battles between Atlanta and 
Nashville, inclusive ; promoted to Cap- 
tain and Major Commanding, which of- 
fices he held until mustered out in 
August, 1865. 

Moore, I., prop. Moore House, Moulton. 

Moore, William, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

MORRISON, A. J., proprietor of 
Moulton Savings Bank, Main st. ; resi- 
dence, Broadway ; born in Mercer Co., 
Penn., March 17, 1831 ; removed to 
Appanoose Co. in 1851 ; owns residence 
and 750 acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre, and four residence lots in 
the village. Married Miss Sarah Miller 
in 1856 ; she was born in Tennessee in 
1841 ; died in 1857 ; his present wife 
was Mrs. Elizabeth Chrisman ; they 
were married in 1872 ; she was born in 
Ohio in 1843; they have one child, 
born in May, 1874. Member of the M. 
E. Church. Held the office of Treas- 
urer of this county during 1855-56. A 
member of the A., F. & A. M. Lodge 
at Unionville. Enlisted in the 100th 
Penn. V. I., Co. B, Capt. M. M. Daw- 
son, in 1861 ; participated at Port Royal, 
S. C, and all the battles along that 
coast ; second battle of Bull Run, An- 
tietam, Chantilly and others ; mustered 
out at Washington, D. C, in April, 
1863. 

Morrison, J. J., blacksmith, Moulton. 

MORRISON, THOMAS, of Mor 
rison Bros., blacksmiths. Main st. ; resi- 
dence, corner Broadway and Sixth st. 
born in Washington Co., Md., in 1843 
removed to Greene Co., Ohio, in 1851 
thence to this county in 1856; owns 
residence and shop. Married Emma E. 
Rives in 1868 ; she was born in Adams 
Co., 111., in 1845; they have three 



514 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY ; 



children — Jessie, Eddie and Nellie. Re- 
publican. Member of the A., F. & A. M., 
No. 317, Moulton ; Junior Warden ; also 
I. 0. 0. F., No. 276, Moulton. A 
member of the City Council. Enlisted 
in the 7th Mo. V. C. in 1861 ; partici- 
pated at Lone Jack, Prairie Grove, 
Little Rock, Morrow Bottoms, Jenks' 
Ferry and others. Mustered out in 
St. Louis Sept. 10,1865. 
MURDY^ A. J.,farmer,Sec.30; P. 0. 
Bee trace ; born in Washington Co., 
Penn., in 1830 ; at the age of 10, with 
his father, removed to Greene Co., Penn., 
where he lived until 1872, when he 
came to this county, Washington Tp., 
where he owns 320 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre. He married Miss 
Christa McCosh in 1852 ; she was born 
in Washington Co., Penn,, in 1830 ; 
died in 1852, leaving one child. Then 
married Miss Eliza Clendening, who was 
born in West Virginia in 1832 ; died in 
1871, leaving eight childres — Winfield, 
F. S. (now resident physician of Moul- 
ton, this county), Alice J. (now Mrs. 
Geo. Stockwell, of this township), John 
A., William C, Isabel, Andrew C, 
Robert L. and Albert, who is now a 
resident of West Virginia ; then mar- 
ried Mrs. Sarah L. Shelton in 1873; 
she was born in East Virginia in 1 840 ; 
they have three children — Minnie, Rob- 
ert D. and Loa. Was a Republican ; 
helped to organize the party ; now a 
Greenbacker. Mrs. M. is a mem- 
ber of the Christian Church. Enlisted 
in the 1st W. Va. Cav. in 1863; par- 
ticipated at Gettysburg, through Sheri- 
dan's campaign, Winchester, Cedar 
Creek, Fisher's Hill and in all twenty 
battles ; mustered out in July, 1865, at 
Wheeling, Va. 

HIJRDY, W. F. S., M. _D., phy- 
sician and surgeon ; ofl&ce Main street ; 
boards at R. B. Carson's, corner Fourth 
and Elm ; born in December, 1854, in 
Greene Co., Penn.; removed to this 
county in 1872; graduated at the Mis- 
souri Medical College, St, Louis, in 1872, 
and commenced practice in this village 
in March, 1878 ; entered college at the 
age of 19 ; took his entire course at 
St. Louis, graduating at the age of 
23. 

Murdy, Wm., S. 5 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 



■"^TASH, G. W., blacksmith, Moulton. 

Nelson, C, S. 18; P. 0. Moulton. 
Nelson, P., S. 14 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 
Newton, J., retired farmer, Moulton. 
GDEN, JOEL, teamster, Moulton. 



O' 



Orange, W. H., S. 33; P. 0. Beetrace. 
I)0ST, A., real estate agent, Moulton. 

Post, Henry, far.; P. 0. Moulton. 

PENDERGST, SUSAN, propri- 
etor boarding house, corner Vine and 
Second streets; born in Perry Co., Ohio, 
in 1826 ; removed to Burlington, Iowa, 
in 1854 ; thence to Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 
in 1854 ; thence to Wapello Co., Iowa, 
in 1857, and to this county, Moulton, in 
1872 ; owns her residence. Married J. 
C. Montgomery in 1 847 ; he was born 
in Ohio in February, 1817 ; died July 
11, 1875, leaving five children — Annie 
M. Mary F., Charles A., Maggie J. and 
Elmer E. Then married Samuel Pen- 
dergst March 2, 1878 ; he was born in 
Nicholas Co., Ky., in 1811 ; removed 
Iowa in 1848 ; settled in Lee ; engaged 
in farming until 1861 ; thence to this 
county, Lincoln Tp., where he still owns 
a farm. His first wife was Miss Mary 
A. Wilkinson ; she was born in Ohio in 
1812; died atCentervilleinl875. Re- 
publican in politics ; they are both mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. 

P01.K, ROBERT R., proprietor 
of Moulton House, West street, Moul- 
ton ; born in Bucks Co., Penn., 1822; 
removed to Philadelphia in 1847, where 
he engaged in buying and selling prod- 
uce until 1855, when, accompanied by 
his wife, he came to this county and 
purchased a farm two miles south of 
Moulton ; afterward, sold his farm and 
built the hotel of which we speak, cost- 
ing, with barns and outbuildings, $10,- 

000, which he still owns, together with 
other property in the village. He mar- 
rien Miss Catharine Moore in 1847 ; she 
was born in Montgomery Co., Penn., in 
1817 ; they have two children — Samuel 
J., born in 1849 ; Ann Elizabeth, born in 
1851. Republican. Mrs. Polk is a mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church. He is a 
member of A., F. & A. M., Lodge No. 
297, Moulton. Enlisted in the 36th I. V. 

1. in 1862 ; participated at Mark's Mill, 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



515 



and, being captured, was held prisoner ten 
months at Tyler, Tex.; was exchanged, 
and, on account of ill-health, was placed 
as nurse in the hospital at Keokuk until 
mustered out in 1863. 

POST, AIIGIJST, of Henry Post 
& Son, dealers in real estate and pro- 
prietors of Post's Addition to Moulton 
and Midlothian Stock-Farm, breeders of 
Clydesdale and Hambletonian horses ; 
born in Kendall Co., 111., in 1855 ; re- 
moved with his parents to this county in 
1867. Is a member of the Presbyterian 
Church; also a member 1. 0. 0. F. Lodge, 
No. 297, and editor and publisher of the 
Inter-State Normal Monthly ; Director 
of Appanoose County Agricultural So- 
ciety. 

Primm, A. P., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Powell, Wm., saloon, Moulton. 

Powers, H. P., shoemaker, Moulton. 

REDBURN, JOHN, Pastor Baptist 
Church, Moulton. 

Richardson, F., Sec. 18; P. 0. Moulton. 

Richardson, Josiah J., Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Moulton. 

Riggle, Warren, Sec. 18; P. 0. Moulton. 

Riggle, W. H., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Rodman, Wm. B., clerk, Moulton. 

Rogers, T. J., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Roundy, John, Sec. 12 ; P. O. Moulton. 

Rucker, A. M., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Rucker, Thos. C, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 

RUCKKR, J. R., farmer. Sec. 29 ; 
P. 0. Beetrace ; born in Kentucky in 
1822 ; at the age of 8, his father re- 
moved to Sangamon Co., 111., being 
among the earliest settlers of that coun- 
ty ; there he engaged in farming, 
which occupation he steadily followed 
until 1844, when he followed his son J. 
R. to Ogle Co., same State, he having 
gone there three years previous, in 
1841 ; Mr. Rucker came to this county 
in 1850, where he now owns 230 acres 
of land, valued at $35 per acre. He 
married Miss Hannah Ellis in 1853 ; 
she was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., 
her parents being pioneers of Ogle 
Co., 111., where they were married ; 
they have ten children — Thomas C, 
Phebe J., Henriette, Malissa L., Ear- 
nest, Ulysses L., Hamlin E., Frances S., 
Milton H. and Cora E. Republican ; 
members of the M. E. Church. Has 



held the office of President of the School 
Board and Road Supervisor. 
Russell, J. J., Sec. 13; P. 0. Moulton. 

S ALL AD AY, VOLDA, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Beetrace. 
Schultz, R., carpenter, Moulton. 

SCURLOCK, GEORIi^E N., en- 

gineer and machiuist ; residence. First 
St. ; born in Jackson Co., Ohio, in 
1840 ; removed with his parents to this 
county in 1 853 ; thence to St. Joseph, 
Mo., in 1865; there he learned his 
trade, and, in 1877, returned to Moul- 
ton, this county, where he has been 
since, engaged at his present occupation, 
that of an engineer. Married Miss E. 
J. Rhodes in 1873 ; she was born in 
Andrew Co., Mo., her parents being 
among the first settlers of that county ; 
they have three children — Mary E., 
born in 1874; Birdie, born in 1875, 
and Guy Orie, born in 1877. Repub- 
lican. Enlisted in the 18th I. V. I. as 
Sergeant of Co. F., Capt. W. F. Evans, 
in 1862 ; participated at Newtonia, Pea 
Ridge, Springfield and others ; dis- 
charged on account of disability in 1864. 
SEIiliER^^, M. v., physician and 
surgeon ; office and residence corner 
Seventh and IMain, Moulton ; born in 
Putnam Co., Ind., in 1839 ; removed 
with his parents to Albia, Monroe Co., 
Iowa, in 1854 ; thence to Iconium, this 
county, where he commenced practice 
in 1865 ; thence to Moulton in March, 
1870. Owns his residence and dwelling 
and two lots opposite Methodist Church 
in this village. Married Miss Sarah C. 
Stauber in 1867 ; she was born in Ohio 
in 1843; died at Moulton in 1870, 
leaving two children — Lillie May and 
Flora "Effie; her fother, C. F. Stauber, 
is now Clerk of the Court of Neosho 
Co., Kan., and has represented that 
county in the State Legislature ; his 
son was one of the twenty-eight who 
captured JefF Davis ; and his son-in-law. 

Stillwell, of the same county, was 

representative of that county in the 
State Legislature, and is a candidate for" 
the State Senate ; his present wife was 
Miss Elizabeth C. Tipton ; they were 
married in 1874 ; she was born in Ohio 
in 1851 ; they have three children — 
Jennie B., Maggie and Earl D. Green- 
backer ; members of the Christian 



516 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



Church. He is a member of the School 
Board, also of the State Medical Society. 
Attended medical course at Keokuk in 
1864-65. 

Shafer, Francis, S. 23 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Shinn, B., S. 1 and 13 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Shook, J., butter and es^es, Moulton. 

SIXGI.EY, G. W., far., S. 14 ; P. 
0. Moulton; born in Wheatfield Tp., 
Indiana Co., Penn., in 1818 ; removed 
to this county in 1856 ; owns 180 acres 
of land adjoining Moulton, valued at 
S75 per acre. Married to Miss Mary 
A. Trifts in September, 1843, by Rev. 
Peter Rightmeyer, Pastor of the Evan- 
gelical Church, Johnstown, Cambria Co., 
Penn. ; she was born in Butler Co., 
Penn., in 1824 ; they have eight chil- 
dren — William H., Lownan, Emily I., 
AHce E., George A., Ellie, Mary H. 
and Matilda. Republican ; Mr. and 
Mrs. Singley, with their eldest daugh- 
ter, are members of the German Baptist 
Church, and were among the early set- 
tlers and very acceptable to the early 
settlers ; Mr. Singley's trade being that 
of a machinist enabled him to repair 
tools and farm implements ; learned his 
trade at Blairsville, Penn., working at 
stationary engines ; his eldest son, Will- 
iam H., commenced teaching in this 
county when in his 16th year; passed 
Commercial College at Davenport and 
afterward taught one year at Springfield, 
Ohio ; thence to Wittenburg College one 
year ; thence to Yale Collepe, graduating 
at Springfield, Ohio ; has held the pas- 
torate of Osborn and Bellefontaine 
Churches ; since started the publication 
of a paper at B. ; edits a Sabbath school 
paper besides. Married Miss Ermena 
E. Houk, a resident of Springfield, in 
1875. The father of G. W. Singley 
came to Iowa much earlier than his son, 
having settled in Lee Co. in 1844, 
while the Mormons still occupied that 
county ; his trade being that of a gun- 
smith, he prepared many of their guns 
for them, and made several repeating 
rifles for their journey to Salt Lake, 
where they soon after went ; he came 
to this county in 1854; his wife died 
while G. W. was still young, leaving 
seven children, only three of whom are 
now living ; married again and his sec- 
ond wife died in 1873. The old gentle- 



man, having lived to the good old age of 
107 years, is still hale and hearty, hav- 
ing always lived a temperate life and bids 
fair for many years to come ; walks to 
Moulton every day. He formerly worked 
at saddlery, afterward a machinist ; being 
handy with tools, he could successfully 
undertake almost anything. 

Sloss, S. C, hardware, Moulton. 

SHITH, J. p., physician and surgeon, 
residence and office foot of Main St.; 
born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., 
August 27, 1828 ; removed to Van 
Buren Co., Iowa, in 1853 ; thence to 
Blakesburgin 1854; thence to Milledge- 
ville, Appanoose Co., in 1857 ; to Cen- 
terville, this county, in 1859; to Or- 
leans in 1860, and to Moulton in 1869. 
Owns residence lots 1, 2, 15 and 16, 
Ransom's addition, and several lots in 
the original town on Main street. Mar- 
ried Miss Abigail Gast in February, 
1854; she was born in Holidaysburg, 
Penn., Aug. 11, 1835; has four chil- 
dren — Valentine, M., E. N. B., Empress 
Josephine and Flora Bell. Democrat. 
Membej' of the Council two years, 
Town Assessor two years ; member I. 
0. 0. F. No. 297, Moulton ; graduated 
from Cincinnati Eclectic Institute in 
1852, immediately after which, he com- 
menced practice. Liberal in religion, 
medicine and politics. 

Smith, Ira, plasterer, Moulton. 

Smith, Mack, plasterer, Moulton. 

Spurgeon, J. F., S. 8; P. 0. Beetrace. 

StauflFer, E. G., S. 28 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

ST. JOHN, JOHN F., of St 
John Bros., lumber merchants, office 
and yard cor. Second and Elm sts.; res- 
idence on Third, between Main and 
Oak sts ; born in Kilbourn, Van Buren 
Co., Iowa, in 1843; removed to Moul- 
ton in August, 1876; owns one-half 
interest in several town lots ; eighty acres 
of land in Clay Co. ; twenty-five acres in 
this county ; interest in a coal bank 
near Caldwell, on what is known as Coal 
Siding, with notes and accounts all val- 
ued at $15,000. Married Miss Marion 
F. Janison in 1867; she was born in 
Keosauqua, Iowa, in 1847 ; they have 
two children — Richard M., born in 
1868; Maggie M., born in 1877. Dem- 
ocrat ; Liberal in religion ; has been a 
delegate to a Democratic convention 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



517 



twice; is a member of I. O. O. F., 297, 
also Prairie General Encampment No. 
81 ; a Knight of Pythias, Myrtle Lodge 
No. 6. Enlisted in the 15th Iowa Inf., 
Gen. Belknap, Co. K, Capt. Hedrick, 
in September, 1861, as Orderly Ser- 
geant ; participated atShiloh, all through 
the campaign ; at and about Corinth ; 
two battles of Corinth in 1862 ; Cham- 
pion Hills, Black River Bridge ; at 
Vicksburg all through ; veteranized 
Jan. 1, 1863; participated in the cap- 
ture of Atlanta ; promoted to First 
Lieutenant of 80th U.S. Colored [n- 
fantry, by a general order ; mustered 
out in October, 1865, at Davenport, 
Iowa. 

Stockwell, Geo., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Stoner, M. J., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Stuckey, J. B., Sec. 20; P. 0. Unionville. 

Sutton, F., S. 26; P. 0. Orleans. 

Swank, D., Sec. 20 ; P. O. Unionville. 

SWIFT, AliMER, Postmaster; 
residence, Eighth st. ; born in Ripley 
Co., Ind., in 1842 ; removed with bis 
parents to Monroe Co., Iowa, in 1857 ; 
thence to this county in 1 865 ; owns < 
residence and grounds. Married Nancy 
J. Jones in 1864 ; she was born in Ap- 
panoose Co. in 1843 ; they have five 
children — Oliver, Russel, Delphene, 
Mason and Gracie. Republican ; she is 
a member of the Christian Church. 
Enlisted in the 6th I. V. I. in 1861 ; 
participated at Shiloh, Vicksburg all 
through, Jackson, Mission Ridge, the 
Atlanta campaign, and all the battles of 
the Southwest ; mustered out at Louis- 
ville, Ky., in August, 1865. 
TAYLOR, J. M., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Moulton. 

TAYLOR, li. L., farmer. Sec. 34 ; 
P. 0. Orleans; born in Hart Co., Ky., 
in 1839 ; removed to this county, with 
bis parents, in 1849 ; has eiglity-seven 
acres of land, valued at S30 per acre. 
Married Miss Milly Siler in 1864 ; she 
was born in Shelby Co., 111., in 1844 ; 
they have two children — Henriette, 
born in 1865 ; John B., born in 1869. 
Democrat ; Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are 
members of the Christian Church. He 
has held the offices of Secretary of the 
Township Board since 1865; Con- 
stable ; is Justice of the Peace at the 
present time ; was Assessor eight years; 



Township Clerk, Township Trustee. Has 
taught school twenty-five terms, all in 
this county except three terms taught in 
Davis Co. 

Taylor, Samuel, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Taylor, W. J., Sec. 34; P. 0. Moulton. 

Taylor, W. W., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

THOMAS, LUCY, farming, Sec. 
19; P. 0. Beetrace; born in Surry 
Co., N. C, in 1805 ; her fether, Bennet 
Jarvis, removed to Jackson Co., Tenn., 
in 1811 ; in December, 1812. he enlisted 
under Gen. Jackson, and served in the 
battle of New Orleans ; died from sick- 
ness caused by exposure the following 
March ; her mother remained a widow ; 
wove, spun and made cloth and raised a 
family of five children; died in 1856. 
She had but one brother, a resident of 
the South during the late war ; adhering 
to the Union, the rebels fired his honse 
with his family in it, and being com- 
pletely routed, enlisted in the Union 
army ; served until a short time before 
peace was declared, and died leaving a 
wife and seven children. Her sister's 
husband was shot down by the side of 
his wife by the rebels. Mrs. Thomas, 
nee Jarvis, was raised in Jackson Co., 
Tenn. At the age of 16, in 1821, she 
married Joseph B. Thomas ; he was 
born in North Carolina in 1800; after 
they were married, they remained in 
Jackson Co. seven years, after which, he 
returned to North Carolina, his native 
place, where ,he remained seventeen 
years ; then returned to Jackson Co.; 
remained four years, and, in 1850, came 
to Appanoose, where they owned seventy- 
seven acres of land, valued at SIO per 
acre ; he died in November, 1861, leav- 
ing eight children — Cyrenius (died in 
service; shot at battle of Mark's Mills), 
Sarah, Elizabeth Ann, Margaret M., 
Anthrite, Joseph A. J. (died in service 
in prison at Florence ; his mother's de- 
pendence), John B. and James B. 
Members of the Baptist Church since 
1838; Mr. Thomas was a Deacon and 
leading member of the Church, and his 
loss was deeply felt in the Church and 
by the community in which he lived. 

Thompson, D. W., teamster, Moulton. 

Thompson, J. C, furniture mfr., Moulton. 

Tipton, E., far.; P. O. Moulton. 

Tipton, S., S. 15 ; P. 0. Moulton. 



518 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



Turk, Julius, S. 13 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Tutewiler, Jacob, far.; P. 0. Moulton. 
Tutewiler, Wm. N., far.; P. 0. Moulton. 

ULLRICH, JOHN, Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Moulton. 
"VTEATCH, J. M., retired, Moulton. 

Veatch, John W., teacher, Moulton. 
Venland, F., S. IS; P. 0. Moulton. 

WADKINS, JNO., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
Beetrace. 

Wahl, T. A., harness-maker. Moulton. 

Wall, 0. P., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

Wall, Thos., Sec. 15; P. 0. Moulton. 

Walker, C. H., druggist, Moulton. 

Walker, E. A., painter, Moulton. 

Wallace, Thos., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

WAMSI.EY, V. H., farmer, Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. Moulton ; born in Adams 
Co., Ohio, in 1813 ; removed to Iowa 
when a young man, and married and 
settled in Henry Co. in 1837 ; thence 
to JeiFerson Co. in 1849, and to this 
county in 1852; he owns 172 acres 
of land, which he values at $45 per 
acre. Married Miss Catherine Neilson 
in 1840 ; she was born in Wayne Co., 
Ind., in 1818 ; died in Washington Tp., 
this county, July 27, 1862, leaving four 
children — Sarah E., born April 9, 1841 ; 
Martha E., born Nov. 17, 1843 ; James 
P., born Aug. 1, 1847, and died April 
23, 1848 ; Ursula P., born May 23, 
1849 ; Mary C, born March 2, 1853. 
Then married Miss Nancy Watkins in 
1862 ; she was born in Clark Co., Ind., 
in 1827 ; they have one child — Samuel 
E., born Feb. 2,1864. Republican; 
members of the M. E. Church. Mr. 
Wamsley has held the office of Justice 
of the Peace four years and school of- 
fices several terms ; is a member of A. 
F. & A. M. at Unionville. On com- 
ing to Iowa, Mr. W. had a little money, 
but lost it all, even having his last cow 
sold from him by the Sheriff for two 
bits, and on coming to Appanoose had 
less than nothing, being in debt ; but, 
having a will and determination to 
surmount all obstacles, he borrowed 
money to buy some land, and now has 
no reason to envy any one his posses- 
sions. 

Wedmore, J. A., S. 23; P. 0. Unionville. 

WELI>S, A. B., dealer in lightning 
rods, pumps and real estate ; residence, 



Second st., Moulton ; born in Morgan 
Co., Ohio, Oct. 13, 1840 ; removed with 
his parents to Putnam Co., Mo., in 
1856; thence to Moulton, this county, 
in 1873. He owns his residence, 
eighty acres of land on Sec. 12, Wells 
T])., one-half interest in 130 acres in 
Wells and Caldwell Tps., one-half inter- 
est in house and lot in Ransom's addi- 
sion to Moulton, and 360 acres of ' 
land in Missouri. Married Miss Re- 
becca Morrow Sept. 13, 1863 ; she was 
born in Brown Co., Ohio, July 29, 
1845; they have seven children — David 
L., Temperance H., Mary M., Lucetta 
L., Benj. J., James C. and John F. 
Mrs. Wells is a member of the M. E. 
Church. Mr. Wells is a member of 
A. F. & A. M., 317, Moulton, and of 
Euclid Chapter at Centerville ; also of 
I. 0. 0. F., 297, Prairie General En- 
campment No. 81 ; Mr. and Mrs. Wells 
are also members of Welcome Lodge, 
No. 91, of Rebeccas. Mr. W. has held 
the offices of City Marshal and Con- 
stable. Enlisted in 18th Missouri In- 
fantry in 1861 ; with Sherman at Island 
No. 10, Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, 
Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga and 
others ; enlisted as private and mustered 
out as 1st Lieutenant Aug. 6, 1863. 

West, James G., Justice of the Peace, 
Moulton. 

White, C. L., clerk, Moulton. 

WHITE, J. W., farmer and breeder 
of fine stock. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Moukon ; 
born in Vermilion Co., Ind., in 1844 ; 
removed to this county with his parents 
in 1848; owns 410 acres of land two 
miles north of Moulton, valued at $25 
per acre. Married Miss Mary F. Hol- 
lingsworth in 1868 ; she was born near 
Indianapolis, Ind., in 1841 ; they have 
four children — Rosa E., Henry L., 
Murdy and Pearley. Republican. A 
member of the I. 0. 0. F., No. 297, 
Moulton. Mr. White devotes much of 
his time and attention to stock, having a 
very fine herd, among which are nine- 
teen head of Short-horns, purchased one 
year ago from Kentucky, consisting of 
thirteen cows, five calves and his bull, 
Raer, weighing 1,300 pounds, the num- 
bers and pedigree of which are all re- 
corded in the " American Herd Book," 
and all of which he is intending to hold 



WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 



519 



for breeding purposes ; also noticed a 
fine lot of well-bred sheep, among which 
not the least conspicuous was a thor- 
oughbred Cotswold buck (Lancet), 
which has taken several premiums at 
Missouri fairs, weighs 300 pounds ; he 
has also a fine lot of Berkshire hogs ; 
Mr. W. has just completed a residence, 
which, together with his barns, also new, 
has cost upward of $4,000 ; together 
with an orchard of 400 trees, well se- 
lected from the choicest kinds of fruit, 
and a large grove of maples west of the 
house, will make his farm, being but 
two miles from market, schools, church- 
es, railroad, etc., as desirable as any in 
the county. The father of Mr. White, 
whose death occurred Jan. 10, 1877, 
deserves mention here, he being among 
the earliest settlers, having visited this 
region in 1841 and again in 1842 ; 
bought a claim in what afterward proved 
to be Douglas Tp. ; owned at the time 
of his death 3,200 acres, all in Iowa 
except 1,000, although he had but $400 
on coming here. A member, for forty 
years, of the M. E. Church, in which he 
was always liberal, first to forward any- 
thing in the cause of religion or any be- 
nevolent purpose. His father, W. W.'s 
grandfather, was a Revolutionary sol- 
dier. His mother's maiden name was 
Jane Pierman, of Kentucky, whom his 
father married in 1834. They remained 
at her native place until coming to this 
county. 
WIGHT, J. M., groceries and provis- 
ions. Main st. ; residence Fifth st. ; born 
in Washington Co., Ohio, in 1844 ; re- 
moved to Davis Co., Iowa, in 1847 ; 
thence to Adair Co., Mo., in 1866, and 
to Moulton in 1875 ; owns residence and 
place of business. Married Miss Sarah 
Elliott in 1872 ; she was born in Ohio 
in 1839 ; they have two children — Ettie, 
born in 1874; Zoa M., born in 1876. 



Greenbacker ; members of the M. E. 
Church. He is a member of A., F. & A. 
M., No. 17, Moulton. Enlisted in the 
7th Iowa V. C. in 1863 ; on frontier 
until mustered out in 1866. 

Wilkinson, G. W., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Wilkinson, J. L., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Moulton 

Wilkinson, J. R., Sec. 6; P. 0. Moulton. 

Wilkinson, John W., laborer, Moulton. 

Wilkinson, W. W., S. 6 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Wiliett, J. M., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Willett, J. M., merchant, Moulton. 

Wiliett, W., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Orleans. 

Wilson, J. W., teamster, Moulton. 

Woldridge, J. F., Moulton. 

WOOlDRIDGE, W1I.I.IAM 
JR., farmer, stock dealer and grocer. 
Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Moulton ; born in Rus- 
sell Co., Ky., in 1833 ; removed with 
his parents to Davis Co., Iowa, in 1846 ; 
thence to Harrison Co., Mo., in 1858, 
and to this county in 1865 ; owns 205 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Miss Susan Jessee in 1857 ; 
she was born in Tennessee December, 
1837; they have seven children — Mar- 
garet, John, Kenneth, Lena, Esca, Mat- 
tie and a son 3 years old not named. 
Members of the Christian Church ; 
Greenbacker. Has held the ofiice of 
Subdirector and Assessor. Enlisted in 
the 29th Iowa V. I. in 1863 ; partici- 
pated at Helena July 4, 1863; Little 
Rock, battle near Spoonville ; there lost 
an arm, and was taken prisoner ; held 
ten months and eleven days at Tyler, 
Texas, and six months of the time lived 
upon one pint of corn meal and one 
pound of beef per day ; thence to New 
Orleans ; after which he came home on 
furlough for thirty days, and at the ex- 
piration of that time reported at St. 
Louis, and was mustered out June 22, 
1865. 

Wood, A. J., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Moulton. 




520 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY ; 



UDELL TOWNSHIP. 



ALLEN, LEWIS, Sec. 9; P. 0. 
Unionville. 
Anderson, J. W., S. 25 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

BARNES, PHILLIPS & CO., Sec. 
18; P. 0. Unionville. 

BAKER, C C, farmer and stock 
dealer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born 
in Hawkins Co., Tenn., in 1834 ; when 
24 years of age, went to Texas, traveling 
by water, and was two months on the 
way, landing at Galveston ; thence to 
Liberty and Livingstone; thence to 
Sabine Pass, where he remained thirty 
days ; thence to Alexander, La., on 
Red River ; then returned to New 
Orleans; thence to Keokuk, Iowa, and 
to Unionville in May, 1857, where he 
engaged in carpenter work until Dec. 
27, 1857, when he married Miss L. J. 
Bishop, daughter of William W. 
Bishop (deceased), then living where 
they now reside ; she was born in Lee 
Co., Va., only five miles from where he 
was born, in 1839 ; they have two 
children — Nancy J., born in 1862, and 
Martha E., born in 1874. Democratic; 
Mr. and Mrs. Baker and daughter are 
members of the Missionary Baptist 
Church, organized at Unionville in 
1852, Mr. Baker being Deacon of same ; 
has held the officeof Township Assessor 
two years ; has been on the School 
Board for ten years; is Township 
Trustee, a member of A., F. & A. M., 
119, Unionville; has 230 acres of land, 
valued at $20 per acre ; he with A. J. 
Morrison, of Unionville, has for five 
years handled an average of over eighty 
cars of stock per year ; when married, had 
but a carpet-sack and $400. 

BICKFORD, JOHN H., farmer, 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in 
Udell Tp., this county, in 1853 ; his 
father, Charles E. Bickford, was born 
near Springfield, 111., in 1825 ; he mar- 
ried Miss E. H. Shafi"er in 1849, in Lee 
Co., 111.; she was born in Virginia in 
1831 ; very soon after their marriage, 
they removed to this county, where he 
entered the land now occupied by John 
H., consisting of 241 acres, now valued 
at $30 per acre ; occupied the same 
farm until his death, which occurred in 



1 874, leaving eight children — P. Moses, 
John H., Martha L., Sarah A., Charles 
M., George M. and James B. Re- 
publican in politics; Mr. and Mrs. 
B. had been members of the M. E. 
Church for fifteen years. Of his 
children, Moses is now in California; 
all the others are in Texas, except John 
H., now occupying the home farm. 

Bishop, Wm.. S. 27 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Bon, Henry, S. 2 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Boyer, W. H., S. 13 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Brain, G., S. 4; P. 0. Unionville. 

Bray, Nathan, S. 35 ; P. 0. Beetrace. 

BIJCKMASTER, RICHARD, 
farmer. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Dennis ; born 
in Mercer Co., Penn., July 10,1812; 
the same year his parents removed to 
Wayne Co., Ohio, the first settlers in 
the county ; there they remained until 
his mother died. 1838 ; after which his 
father came to Cedar Co., Iowa. In 
1855, he came to this county, where he 
owns 120 acres of land, near Unionville, 
valued at $30 per acre. Married Miss 
Eliza Matocks in 1830; she was born 
in Pennsylvania in February, 1809 ; they 
have six children living, two have died 
— Solomon L., John, Sophia J., Pjben- 
ezer A., Enos H., died in 1858; Ra- 
chel, died in 1860 ; Robert M. and 
Ruth A. Mr. and Mrs. B., with all 
their children except one, are members 
of the M. E. Church. He was a mem- 
ber of the State militia during the late 
war. In 1857, he engaged in the mill- 
ing business in Davis Co. ; after being 
connected with it two years, he sold to 
his partner, who soon after sold out and 
joined the rebel army without having 
paid Mr. B. for his interest in the mill. 

CARR, JNO., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Cayler A., Sec. 2 and 11 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Cayler, Jas., S. 14 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

CAYIiER, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 2 ; 
P. 0. Unionville; born in Loudoun Co., 
Va., in 1800; in 1803, his father went 
to Ross Co., Ohio — there engaged in 
farming, distilling and milling. When 
he was 13 years old, his father moved into 
the adjoining county of Fayette. There 
at 19 years of age, he married Miss 



UDELL TOWNSHIP. 



521 



Rachal Moore ; she was born in Ken- 
tucky in 1800. They remained there 
for seven years, then removed to Hen- 
dricks Co., Ind., and there engaged in 
farming for twenty-seven years, or until 
1851, when they came to this county, 
where he has followed his usual occupa- 
tion since, with the exception of one 
year, in which with his wife and daughter 
he went to Idaho for their health, his 
wife being benefited by the journey. 
They have had sixteen children, eleven 
of whom are now living — Elender, 
Adam, Jane, George W., William R., 
Kachel, Elsie, Elizabeth, Zekal M., 
Mahala M. and Marion. Democratic ; 
holds to religious principles, though be- 
longing to no church. 

CAYLER, Wll., far., S. 10; P. 0. 
Unionville ; born in Hendricks Co., 
111., in 1849; during the same year his 
parents removed to this county, where 
he now resides, and owns 150 acres of 
land, valued at $20 per acre. He mar- 
ried Miss A. Whisler in 18G7 ; she 
was born in Indiana in 1847 ; they 
have five children — Elmer A., Irena D., 
Margaret L., William A. and Lora. 
Democrat; members of the German 
Baptist Church. 

Chastain, M., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Chrisman, B. R., Sec. 35; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

CliAlVCY, J. W., former. Sec. 5; 
P. 0. Unionville; born in Jackson Co., 
Tenn., in 1814; removed to Pike Co., 
111., in 1838 ; thence in 1840, to what is 
now Schuyler Co., Mo., then a territory ; 
remained three years, and, in 1843, 
came to this county, where he owns 
400 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. He married Miss Malinda A. 
Martin in 1834 ; she was born in Mon- 
roe Co., Ky., in 1814 ; died in this 
county in 1862, leaving seven children 
— Eliza A., Elizabeth, John W., Mary, 
George W., M. Jane, Nancy F. 
Then married Mary Frost in 1863; she 
was born in Tennessee in 1821 ; died in 
February, 1873, leaving two children — 
Cornelius W., born in 1866; Edward, 
born in 1868, died in December, 1874. 
Democrat; member of the Baptist 
Church. At the time of Mr. Clancy's 
coming to this county, two yoke of oxen 
were his sole possessions, and for them 



he was in debt ; now he has one of the 
finest and best improved farms in the 
county, made by farming alone ; was 
one of the very earliest settlers, and was 
driven away by the Indians three times 
before permitted to remain permanently 
settled. 

Clark. F. S. 6 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

CLEIOIEXS, JOHN,_ farmer, S. 
7; P. 0. Unionville; born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1802. In 1823, he married 
Miss Katy Loutz, and about a year after, 
they removed to Montgomery Co., 
Ohio ; there he followed the business of 
shoemaking until 1834, when they re- 
moved to Wayne Co., Ind., where they 
cleared up a farm and remained until 
1852, when they came to this county 
again to undergo the many disadvan- 
tages and privations of pioneer life, but 
have withstood them all, and now have 
a fine farm of 240 acres, valued at S25 
per acre. They have nine children liv- 
ing — Levi, John, Peggy, Sabina, Eliza- 
beth, Samuel, David (died in October, 
1877), Jake, Mat and Leah. Demo- 
crat ; members of the German Baptist 
Church. 

Coffin, Peter, S. 35 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

CONNOLLY, J. i^., proprietor of 
the inn, Union St., Unionville ; born in 
Guernsey Co., Ohio in 1821 ; in 1834, 
he went to Barnesville, Belmont Co., 
Ohio, to learn the carriage-maker's trade, 
and worked there until 1841, then re 
turned to Guernsey Co., where he mar- 
ried Miss Elizabeth Lafollott in 1842; 
she was born in Winchester, Va., in 
1821, her parents having removed to 
Guernsey Co., when she was 10 years of 
age. Mr. and Mrs. C. remained in 
Guernsey Co., until 1853, working at 
his trade at Point Pleasant, and in the 
spring of that year, they came to this 
county, where they have since resided 
at Unionville ; he has worked at carpen- 
ter work most of the time ; in 1873, he 
erected his hotel, and has since been en- 
tertaining the public to the best of his 
ability ; owns his block and two lots. 
They have five children— Margaret A., 
Arabella J., Alexander, Addie and 
Charles H. Copperhead from top 
down. During Pierce and Buchanan's 
time, he held the post office for eight 
years ; has held the office of Township 



522 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



Trustee and school offices. She is a 
member of the Christian Church. 

COX, J. €., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Unionville ; born in Jefferson Co., Tenn., 
in 1846 ; when but 1 year of age, his 
father came to Appanoose Co., where he 
has since been engaged in farming and 
merchandising ; owns forty-five acres of 
land, valued $25 per acre. Has held 
the office of Constable. Enlisted in Co. 
B, 6th Kan. V. C, Cajat. Harvey, in 
1863 ; participated at battles of Lone 
Jack, Mark's Mill and Cane Hill ; cap- 
tured at Mazzard Prairie, Aug. 27, 1864 ; 
held ten months at Camp Ford, Tyler, 
Texas ; discharged at the close of the 
war in 1865 ; mustered out July 2, 1865, 
at Leavenworth, Kansas. 

COX,_ M Alf SON, miller, Unionville ; 
born in East Tennessee in 1817 ; his 
parents both died when he was a small 
boy; lived with a cousin, Wm. Cheeney, 
a resident of Jefferson Co., Tenn., until 
he was 7 or 8 years of age ; after that 
had no particular abiding place, and was 
under the control of no one in particular ; 
never attended school. He married 
Miss Elizabeth Loyd Oct. 11, 1839; 
she was born in Jefferson Co., Tenn., 
in 1819 ; in 1847, they went to Alabama ; 
remained there one winter, and came to 
Appanoose Co., Iowa, in the spring of 
1848, where he now owns 125 acres of 
land, valued at $20 per acre ; they have 
four children — John C, Mary E., Mar- 
garet and Van. Greenbacker ; Mr. and 
Mrs. Cox have been members of the M. 
E. Church for thirty-five years. He is 
a member of the A., F, & A. M., No. 
119, Unionville. Mr. Cox had but 
$4.50 when he landed in Appanoose Co., 
and although he has been very unfortu- 
nate, having a great deal of sickness in 
his family, having lost four out of eight 
children, has a good farm, well improved, 
and a plenty for a comfortable livelihood 
during his natural life. 

Crawley, S. E., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Criterden, A., Sec. 7; P. 0. Unionville. 

CROW, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in Jefferson 
Co., Tenn., in 1819 ; removed to Farm- 
ington, Lee Co., Iowa, in 1842 ; thence 
to this county in 1843. He owns ninety 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Miss Melinda Riggs in 1839 ; 



she was born in Granger Co., Tenn., in 
1822; they have seven children — John, 
J. N., William, Samuel, Sarah J., Ad- 
die and Franklin. Republican ; she is 
a member of the M. E. Chureh. Has 
held the offices of Constable, Justice of 
the Peace, Trustee and County Super- 
visor ; member of the A., F. & A. M., 
119, Unionville. Mr. C. is practicing 
law in his own immediate vicinity ; after 
having studied and acquired all the 
knowledge possible within himself, he 
was admitted to the bar in 1870 ; as 
the date of his coming will show, he 
was among the very earliest settlers ; 
there were but seven voters in the 
county when he came ; he voted the 
first Whig ticket voted in the county, 
the occasion being the running of Geo. 
T. White, the present Senator, then 
running for Territorial Delegate for 
Congress. 
Cummins, E., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

DAVIS, J. M., Sec. 14; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Dean, G. W., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

DEAN, li., farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Unionville ; born in Mercer Co., Ky., 
March 14, 1814 ; removed to Randolph 
Co., Mo., in 1830 ; thence to Adair Co., 
Mo., in 1831 ; was with the Rangers in 
time of the Black Hawk war; in 1834, 
he removed to Schuyler Co., Mo., where 
he remained ten years, and, in 1844, 
came to Wapello Co.. Iowa; in 1845, he 
returned to Schuyler Co., Mo., and, in 
1846, came to this county, where he 
now owns 491 acres of land, valued at 
$25 per acre. Married Miss Missouri 
A. Evans in June, 1834; she was born 
in Kentucky, Aug. 12, 1817; when a 
child, her father, Loverance Evans, re- 
moved with his family to Howard Co., 
Mo.; he died in 1834, her mother hav- 
ing died previous to that ; they have 
five children — George W., Sarah A., 
Mary E., Martha J. and Erastus L. 
Republican ; Mr. and Mrs. Dean, and 
their four eldest children, are members 
of the M. E. Church. Mr. Dean has 
held the office of Township Trustee sever- 
al terms ; also school offices ; has made 
most of what he has since coming to 
Appanoose Co., having never owned 
land until after coming here. 

Denny, A. A., far., S. 35; P. 0. Unionville. 



UDELL TOWNSHIP, 



523 



Devine, J., S. 17 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Donley, E. U., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Donley, A. J., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Drake, E. A., S. 3 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

EPERLY, HENRY, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Unionville. 
Eperly, L, S. 26 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Etheridge, L., S. 31 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

FEAGIN, W. C, Sec. 29; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

FLETCHER, H., of Strunk & 
Fletcher, proprietors of Udell Mills ; 
born in Vinton Co., Ohio, Jan. 5, 1850 ; 
removed to Davis Co., Iowa, in 1866, 
where he engaged in milling until 1867, 
when he went to Hancock Co., 111., 
where he was engaged in selling patent 
rights through the State until 1871 ; 
then returned to Davis Co. and again 
engaged in milling until 1872, when he 
came to Udell Tp., this county, and pur- 
chased a half interest in the above mill, 
where he has since been as attentive to 
the wants and requirements of the public 
as possible. He married Miss Catharine 
L. Johnson in 1872 ; she was born in 
Davis Co., Iowa, in 1854, where her 
parents, John and Elizabeth J., were 
early settlers from Indiana, near Dan- 
ville, having settled there in 1848. They 
have three children — Clement, born in 
1873; Bertha, born in 1876; Ranaldo, 
born in 1878. Democratic. Member 
of the A., F. & A. M., No. 86, Drake- 
ville. P. 0. Unionville. 

r^ OOD, D., S. 18; P. 0. Unionville. 

GOOD, ABRAHAM, farmer. Sec. 
18; P. O. Unionville; born in Hamp 
shire Co., Va., 1779. When abaut 8 
years of age, his father removed to Tus- 
carawas Co., Ohio, where he lived until 
32 years of age ; came to this county in 
1851 ; owns 120 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre ; formerly owned over 
four hundred acres, but has divided with 
his children. Married Miss Fanny 
Funkbouer in 1826 ; they have had 
ten children, only three of whom are now 
living — Jane, Nancy and Joseph H. 
Mr. and Mrs. Good are members of the 
Protestant Methodist Church. Has held 
the ofiBce of School Treasurer. 

Good, J. W., S. 6 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Gunter, J. G., S. 8 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Guilliams, A., S. 14 ; P. 0. Unionville. 



HARDMAN, D. W., S. 15 ; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

Harrington, N., Unionville. 

Hayworth, J., S. 31 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Hiatt, L. D., S. 27 ; P. 0. Dennis. 

Hicks, J. J., S. 33 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

HICKS, R. M., of Morrison & Hicks, 
dealers in general merchandise. Union 
street, Unionville ; born in East 
Tennessee Jan. 28, 1845 ; removed to 
this county in 1858 with his parents ; 
at the age of 23, he commenced busi- 
ness for himself, farming and dealing in 
stock, which he followed with moderate 
success until 1874, when he left oflF 
farming and took up merchandizing, 
still continuing his stock business. Mar- 
ried Miss Cynthia Buldrige in 1871 ; 
born in this county in 1852 ; they 
have three children — Maud L., born in 
1872; Willie G., 1874; Bert, 1876. 
Democratic ; she is a member of the 
M. E. Church. He is a member of the 
A., F. & A. M., 119, of this city. 

Hogue, J. P., Sec. 29; P. 0. Unionville. 

Holingsworth, H., S. 6 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

HOPKINS, J. F., farmer and stock 
dealer, Sec. 1 ; P. O. Unionville ; born 
in Claiborne Co., Tenn., in 1827 ; re- 
moved to this county in 1849, where he 
owns 330 acres of land, valued at $15 
per acre. Married Miss Maria Styles 
in 1853 ; she was born in Ohio in 1833; 
they have ten children — Allen, Albert, 
Joseph, Charles, Alice, Laura B., 
Amanda, Marshall, Alpheus and Frank. 
Democratic. Has been dealing in stock 
for six or seven years past, shipping an 
average of fifteen cars per year. 

HOPKINS, STEPHEN, farmer, 
Sec. 14 ; P, 0. Unionville ; born in 
Claiborne Co., Tenn.. in 1822; removed 
to this county in 1850, by flatboat down 
Powels River, thence by steamboat via 
Alexandria, and by wagon here ; owns 
100 acres of land, valued at $20 per 
acre. Married Miss Mary Hopkins in 
1843 ; she was born in Claiborne Co., 
Tenn., in 1827 ; they have ten children 
— Annie, Mahela, John M., Allen, 
William H., Eli, Mary, Sarah E., Jane 
and George, two of whom are in Kan- 
sas, the eldest boy in California, the 
balance at home or settled in this vicini- 
ty. Members of the M. E. Church ; 
Democrat. He has held the oflSice of 



524 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



Township Clerk ; Township Trustee sev- 
eral terms ; is Treasurer of the School 
Board. 

Hornung, A., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Hornady, E. C, S. 18 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Hubler, D., Sec. ?>1 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

JACKSON, R. A., Sec. 22; P. 0. 
Unionville. 
James, William, S. 14 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

KNOWLAND, J., Sec. 12; P. O. 
Unionville. 

KOEHIiER, FRED, farmer. Sec. 
11 ; P. 0. Unionville; boi'n in Bavaria, 
Germany, in 1835; emigrated to Amer- 
ica in March, 1850, and first settled in 
New Orleans, where he was employed as 
cart-driver until the following July, 
when he went to St. Louis, where he 
engaged to learn the cooper's trade, 
which he followed until 1854, when his 
father, Conrad K., came to this country, 
and with him he came to Nauvoo, 111., 
where he again engaged in coopering 
for a few months, and, in 1855, he 
started overland for California, arriving 
in November ; there engaged in mining ; 
also visited British Columbia; in 1863, 
returned to Hancock Co., 111., where he 
bought a farm, and then engaged in 
that very honorable calling until 1875, 
when he came to this county, this town- 
ship, where he owns 240 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. After return- 
ing from California, in 1863, he married 
Miss Eva Gordelmen, a resident of Han- 
cock Co., 111.; she was born in Bavaria, 
Germany, in 1843, and, with her parents, 
came to America in 1855; they have 
six children — George, Katy, August, 
John, Sarah and Mary. Republican in 
politics; members of the Presbyterian 
Church. Mr. Koehler enlisted in the 
2d Cal. Inf , and was held in quarters 
for two weeks, then rejected on account 
of an over supply of men; in 1865, 
was drafted and mustered in, but not 
sent forward. Mr. Koehler landed in 
New Orleans with but twenty-five franc 
pieces, and by steady industry and at- 
tention to business, has accumulated a 
fine property, and yet paid one hundred 
cents on the dollar for all that he now 
has, or has had. 

Knowland, J. B., S. 25 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

LONGNECKER, DAVID, Sec. 5 ; P. 
0. Unionville. 



Loyd, Thos., S. 30 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

McADAMS, JOHN, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Unionville. 
McADAMS, JAMES H., farmer, 
Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in Mar- 
shall Co., Tenn., April, 1823 ; removed 
to this county in 1853 ; owns 280 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Miss Elizabeth E. Miller in 
1846 ; she was born in Marshall Co., 
Tenn., in 1824. They have seven chil- 
dren — J. C, Eugenia, Antoinette, Ervin 
A., Luella, Hazeltine, Emma. An old 
line Whig, now a Republican ; mem- 
bers of the Presbyterian Church. Has 
held the offices of Township Trustee 
several years, school offices, etc. Mem- 
ber of A., F. & A. M., 119, Unionvilh>. 
Volunteered in 36th Iowa V. I., but 
was rejected in State militia previous to 
that. 
McDonald, A., S. 35 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
McDonald, C. F.,S. 18; P. 0. Unionville. 
McDonald, H. T., S. 6 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
McHURRY, ROBERT M., farm- 
er. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in 
Rutherford Co., Tenn., February, 1818 ; 
came to this county in 1847 ; owns 
160 acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Married Miss Caroline Wilder in 1841 ; 
she was born in Bedford Co., Tenn., 
Sept. 23, 1818. They have eight chil- 
dren — George N., David B., John B., 
Mary P., James H., William M., Mar- 
tha J. and Louisa P. Republican ; 
members of Presbyterian Church. His 
two eldest boys, George N. and D. B., 
enlisted in the late war ; George N. in 
Co. G, 2d Iowa V. I., in 1861 ; was 
with Sherman on his march to the sea ; 
participated at Atlanta, Milledgeville, 
Savannah and others ; mustered out in 
June, 1865; now a resident of Davis Co. 
David B. enlisted in Co. E, 3d Mo. Cav., 
in 1861 ; participated at Pilot Knob, 
Springfield, Rolla and others ; mustered 
• out in 1865 ; now a resident of Taylor 
Co., Iowa. Two of his sons, James H. 
and William M., are firemen on rail- 
roads; William M. has followed that 
occupation for six years, is now on the 
N. M. R. R. James H. is now on the 
Little Rock & Ft. Smith R. R. ; he for- 
merly fired for the R. I. Co. for several 
years. 
McClain,D. J., far., S. 31; P.O.UnionviUe. 



UDELL TOWNSHIP. 



525 



McMurry, R. M., 3 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Markley, J., S. 16 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Morrison, A. J., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

MORRISOX, C. W., dealer in hard- 
ware, Unionville ; born in Mercer Co. 
April 30, 1837 ; removed to this 
county in 1846, where his father engaged 
in farming. Remained on the home farm 
until 1863, when he enlisted in the 8th 

I. V. C, Co. F, Cajjt. Cummins, of 
Moravia, Iowa ; skirmishing until July 
30, 1864, when they were captured and 
taken to Andersonville Aug. 3 ; held 
there two months ; thence to Charles- 
ton and Florence ; mustered out Dec. 

II, 1864. On his return, went to farm- 
ing until 1870 ; went to butchering, 
and, in 1871, commenced his present 
business ; owns his business building 
and residence and a good line of goods. 
Married Miss Harriet S. Boyles in 
1859 ; she was born in Barbour Co., Va., 
Feb. 11, 1844. Republican; members 
of the Presbyterian Church ; member of 
A., F. & A. M., 119, Unionville, and 
Chapter at Centerville. 

Morrison, H. S., Unionville. 

MORRISON, J. B., of Morrison & 
Hicks, dealers in general merchandise, 
Union St., Unionville; residence, same; 
born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1839 ; in 
1846, came to this county with his 
parents, Andrew and Mary Morrison, 
whose biography we publish elsewhere ; 
he remained with his parents until dur- 
ing the late war. He enlisted with the 
8th I. V. C, Co. F, Capt. E. Cummins, 
as Orderly, June 16, 1863; was all 
through the campaign in Georgia, fight- 
ing nearly every day until the 30th of 
July, 1864, when his regiment of 600 
men were captured forty miles south- 
west of Atlanta ; they were taken to 
Andersonville, held until the 2d of 
September following, and removed from 
place to place until paroled at Charles- 
ton, S. C, and sent to Annapolis, Md. ; 
mustered out as Second Lieutenant in 
August, 1865, at Clinton, Iowa. After 
returning home, engaged in farming ; 
he owns his place of business, residence 
and farm on Sec. 23, containing 200 
acres, valued at $6,000. Is Notary 
Public. Married Miss Maria Morris 
in 1868 ; she was born in Ohio in 1840 ; 
they have three children — Charles Gr., 



born in 1869; Henry E., 1871; John 
R., 1877. Republican; members of the 
M. E. Church ; he is a member of A., 
F. & A. M., Lodge No. 119, Union- 
ville. 

MORRINOX, M., MRS., farmer. 
Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in Mer- 
cer Co., Penn., in 1811 ; her maiden 
name being Mary Byers. She married 
Andrew Morrison in 1832; he was born 
in Ireland in 1803 ; died March 30, 
1873 ; emigrated to America with his 
mother when he was 9 years of age ; 
landed at Quebec, and first settled near 
Brookfield, Ohio, and remained in that 
vicinity until 1846, when he, with his 
wife, came to this county by water to 
Keokuk, then with team. The people 
here, supposing them to be Mormons, re- 
fused them a drink of water or a place 
to sleep ; had barely enough to get here, 
but now has 124 acres of land, valued 
at S20 per acre ; a part of their land 
having been used for railroad purposes, 
and for building up the village of Union- 
ville. 

Mounts, Frances M., Sec. 28; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

IVTOLAND, JOHN, Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 

i.N Unionville. 

OSTEEN, J. N., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 
PAINE, RUFUS, Unionville. 
Parks, L. T., Unionville. 

Parsons, J. M., S. 17 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Patrick, W., S. 30 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

PAYWE, RUFUS, farmer, residence 
Unionville ; born in Litchfield Co., Conn., 
in 1792 ; removed to Marietta, Ohio, in 
1811 ; there cleared up a farm on which 
he lived for thirty years ; thence to Port- 
age Co., Ohio, in 1844, and to this 
county in 1857 ; owns eighty acres of 
land in the vicinity of Unionville, and 
residence. Married Miss Mary Perkins 
in 1814 ; she was born in Allegheny Co., 
Penn., in 1795 ; died in Salem, Wash- 
ington Co., Ohio, in 1840, leaving ten 
children, two of whom have since died — 
Elizabeth, Selden M., Lewis C, Mary, 
Louisa, Charles H. (died in 1865), Olive, 
Rhoda A., Julia (died in 1857), and 
Maria. His son, Charles A., took the 
census of the county the same year he 
died. • 

Peterson, S., Unionville. 

3 



526 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY : 



Phillips, B., Unionville. 

Phillips, H. T., Unionville. 

PHIIiLIPS, J. H., of Phillips & 
Sons, dealers in dry goods and general 
merchandise. Union st. , Unionville ; res- 
idence, same ; born in Montgomery Co., 
Ky., Aug. 19, 1820 ; when 1 year of 
age, his father removed to JeflPerson Co., 
Ind.; engaged in farming until 1831, 
when he removed to Jennings Co., Ind., 
where he engaged in merchandising; in 
1854, he came to this county and again 
entered into business in this village, un- 
til his death, which occurred in 1875; 
at the age of 21, Mr. Phillips, with his 
next younger brother, went into busi- 
ness at Lexington, Scott Co. ; during 
the year 1854, his brother died ; he then 
wound up his business there, and tak- 
ing his next younger brother, in 1856, 
they went to Hardin Co., Ky., where 
they built four miles of the L. & N. R. 
R., at the same time they established a 
business, merchandising at what is now 
known as Molintha ; their business hav- 
ing been the first established there, but 
has since made a good-sized place ; in 
1860, they came to Eddyville, Iowa, 
and established themselves in business ; 
in 1862, Mr. Phillips purchased his 
brother's interest in the business, and 
came to Unionville, where he and his 
son has since been in business ; he owns 
his business building, a heavy line of 
goods, and his residence. He married 
Miss Elizabeth Robertson in 1843 ; she 
was born in 1823 in Jeiferson Co., Ind.; 
was the youngest daughter of one of the 
oldest pioneers of Indiana, they having 
often to resort to the block-house to 
protect themselves from the Indians ; 
he raised a large family there; they 
have four children — Henry T., born in 
1844; Mary E., born in 1847; Emma 
J., born in 1850 ; Eddy M., born in 
1866. Mr. and Mrs. P. are members of 
the M. E. Church. Has had the post 
ofl5ce since first coming to Unionville, 
with the exception of two years removed to 
Mr. Riggs' store. His father was a mem- 
ber of the Legislature, both in Indiana 
and Iowa; his mother died in 1876, 
having made her home with him. 

PRICE, _A. McC, farmer ,_ Sec. 9; 
P. 0. Unionville; born in Kings Co., 
N. Y., in 1847; his father, Joseph 



Price, was born in England ; by trade, 
an upholsterer ; died when he was only 
6 months of age ; his mother afterward 
married William Tell Zollicoffer, who 
afterward removed to Shelbyville, Bed- 
ford Co., Tenn., where he engaged in 
the dentistry business until June, 1863, 
when he was driven away by the Con- 
federates ; he then went to Florence, 
Boone Co., Ky., where he engaged in 
the same business until his death, which 
occurred in 1866 ; his mother then re- 
moved to Cumberland Co., Ky., where 
she lived two years, then removed to 
Nashville, Tenn., where she died in 
1869. At the age of 22, the subject of 
this sketch married Miss Susan Zook, 
who was born in Wayne Co., Ind., in 
1852; her father, Abraham Zook, for- 
merly a merchant of Moulton, this 
county, is now engaged in the same bus- 
iness at Shenandoah, Page Co., Iowa ; 
they have three children — Mary S. C, 
born March 15, 1872; Serah E., born 
Oct. 29, 1873 ; Martha E., born May 
18, 1875. Republican ; members of 
the German Baptist Church. 
"OANDLE, J. B., Unionville. 

Rappleye, William, Unionville. 
Replogle, A., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Unionv'Jle. 
Replogle, A. M., S. 27 ; P. Farragut, 
Iowa. 

REPLOGLE, HARTIN, far , S. 

10; P. 0. Unionville; born in Wayne 
Co., Ind., in 1830 ; removed to this 
county in 1852 ; owns 120 acres of land, 
valued at $40 per acre. Married Miss 
Annie Hearter in 1850 ; she was born 
in Henry Co., Ind., in 1828, her par- 
ents being early settlers there from Vir- 
ginia ; her mother still lives there ; her 
father, Joseph H., died in 1872 ; her 
mother's name was Catherine. Soon 
after being married and starting in life 
for himself, they came to Appanoose 
Co., upon reaching which he had just 
enough to enter his land upon which he 
now has fine improvements, good build- 
ings, fences and plenty of fruits of all 
kinds. They have had nine children — 
Elizabeth, born in 1852, died in 1862 ; 
Abraham, born in 1853, died in 1854 ; 
Amanda, born in 1855 ; Catherine, born 
in 1857 ; Annie, born in 1858 ; Joseph, 
born in 1859; Aaron, born in 1861- 



UDELL TOWNSHIP. 



527 



Mary, born in 1863, and Martha, born 
in 1864, died in 1866. Mr. and Mrs. 
Replogle are members of the German 
Baptist Church. 

RIGGI^, J. ^., proprietor of Udell 
Mills, residence Unionville ; born in 
East Tennessee Aug. 1, 1829; when 
but 15 years of age, with his mother 
and two sisters, he came to this county ; 
at the age of 28, he purchased the mill 
here; in 1867, he entered the mercantile 
business, which he continued until 1876 ; 
he now owns four mills, three saw and 
one grist mill, 250 acres of land, eight 
lots in Unionville, with buildings, one 
business house on the main street, his 
residence, etc., all valued at $12,000. 
Married Miss Malinda Boyles in 1859 ; 
she was born in Virginia in 1839 ; 
daughter of Kev. T. T. Boyles, Pas- 
tor of M. E. Church, once on this cir- 
cuit. Republican ; she is a member of 
the M. E. Church. He is a member of 
A., F. & A. M., No. 119, Unionville. 
His mother, who accompanied him to 
this State, died in 1860. 

Q1 AWYER, E. H., Unionville. 

SAWYER, S. H., physician and 
surgeon, office and residence Main street, 
Unionville ; born in Tennessee Jan. 18, 
1832 ; at the age of 15, or in 1847, his 
father came to this county and settled a 
few miles west of what is now Unionville, 
and there engaged in farming. Dr. 
Sawyer commenced the study of med- 
icine in 1850, graduated at Keokuk 
Feb. 28, 1854, since which he has prac- 
ticed here, except three years which he 
passed with the army during our late 
war ; went out as Captain of Co. C, 36th 
Iowa V. I., having raised the company 
of 135 men in three days, but before 
they had fairly entered service was ap- 
pointed Surgeon of his regiment ; after- 
ward Division Surgeon, which position 
he held the greater part of the time he 
remained out. In consequence of ill 
health, he resigned in January, 1865. 
He married Miss Mary F. Miller in Oc- 
tober, 1 855 ; she was born in Tennessee 
in 1834 ; her father, John Miller, who 
was one of the early settlers of this 
county, built the fir.st business house in 
Unionville and was among the first in 
mercantile business there ; he died in 



1865, during a severe epidemic of ery- 
sipelas which prevailed here that year. 
They have eight children — John L., a 
graduate in medicine at Louisville in 
1875, at the head of his class, bearing 
away the gold medal ; also a graduate 
of Chicago in 1877, now resident physi- 
cian of Cook Co. Hospital; Mary L., 
S. H., Jr., Emma, Clyde, Mott, Ada, 
Zelma. First a Whig, now a Republi- 
can ; members of Presbyterian Church ; 
Master of Lodge, 119, A., F. & A. M., 
at Unionville and member of Chapter 
and Commandery at Centerville. 

Seals, G. Gr., Unionville. 

Simmons, Peter, S. 25 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Smith, J. M., S. 36; P. 0. Unionville. 

Smith, M. E., S. 35 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Smith, Sampson, S. 25; P. 0. Unionville. 

ST ALE Y, JOEL, retired farmer; 
born in Virginia in 1801 ; from there his 
father removed to Jefferson Co., Va., in 
1802 ; thence to Somerset Co., Penn., 
in 1818. There Joel married Miss 
'Matilda Skinner in 1822; she was born 
in the same county in 1804; they had 
eight children — James L., Mary E., 
Fleming M., John H., Alva, Charles, 
Martha A. and Daniel W. In 1824, he 
removed to Perry Co., Ohio, there en- 
gaged in salt works and farming. In 
1839, he came to Lee Co., Iowa, re- 
mained until the Mormons became too 
numerous, and, in 1841, came to Davis 
Co; there his wife died in 1849. He 
then married Mrs. Melvina Bermily, 
widow of Robert W. Bermily, who was 
born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., in 1801, 
died in Washington Co., Ind., in 1842. 
Mrs. S. came to Iowa with five children 
in 1847. They had six sons in the late 
war. Republican. When he came to 
this county, there were only three of his 
party in politics in it. Mr. Staley for- 
merly followed milling ; he erected a 
fine mill near Albia, Monroe Co., and 
afterward owned a half interest in a mill 
here. P. 0. Unionville. 

Stanley, B. A., S. 35 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

STRUNK, A. J., of Strunk & 
Fletcher, proprietors of Udell Mills ; 
born in Mifilin Co., Penn., in 1835 ; 
with his parents, he came to Tuscarawas 
Co., Ohio, in 1851, where his father, 
Daniel S., engaged in farming, but 
afterward came to this county. Union 



528 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



Tp., where he now resides ; at the age 
of 21. Mr. Strunk came to this county, 
where he now owns one-half interest in 
the mills mentioned above and ninety- 
three acres of land on Sec. 1, this town- 
ship, all valued at $3,000. He married 
Miss Margaret Hopkins in 1858 ; she 
was born in Hancock Co., Tenn., in 
1837; died in May, 1875, leaving nine 
children, eight of whom are now living 
— Jennie, Clara Hellen, Josephine, Mary 
C.,.John H., Alice, Lola, Jessie F. ; 
then married Mrs. Orlena Martin, widow 
of Robert M. and sister of his first wife, 
in 1877 ; she was born in the same 
county in 1834. Democrat. Held the 
office of Assessor of Union Tp. for six 
years, and other offices in this township. 
P. 0. Unionville. 

Streepy, Ed., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Streepy, G. W., S. 4; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Swain, B. H., Sec. 12; P. 0. Unionville. 

Stuckey, J. B., Sec. 16; P.O. Unionville. 

Sutton, Jonas, farmer, Moulton. 

Swain, E. J., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

SWAIVK, WIIiLIAM, farmer, 
Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in 
Warren Co., Ohio, in 1819 ; at the age 
of 12, he removed, with his parents, to 
Warren Co., Ind., where his father en- 
gaged in farming until his death, which oc- 
curred in 1869, his mother having died 
three years previous ; in 1844, he married 
Miss Elizabeth Etmire, born in Montgom- 
ery Co., Ohio, but a resident of Warren Co. 
eince 10 years of age. Two years after 
their marriage, they came to Appanoose 
Co. and settled on the farm where they 
now reside, with not a house on the 
prairie between them and the State line ; 
started from Indiana with less than 
$250 and two yoke of oxen ; he now 
has the premium farm of the county, 
containing 645 acres, valued at $30 per 
acre. They have nine children — David, 
John, Cyrus, Flavius M., Sarah A., H. 
Clay, Mary C, Martha A. William 
Sherman. An old line Whig ; now a 
Republican. 
BAYLOR, B., S. 1 ; P. 0. Unionville. 



T 



TAYLOR, DAVID, farmer and 
stock dealer, S. 12; P. 0. Unionville; 
born in Holmes Co., Ohio, in 1825 ; re- 
moved to this county and this township 
in 1847 ; owns 120 acres of land, val- 



ued at $25 per acre. Married Miss Fran- 
ces McLaughlin, daughter of Ed McL., 
who came to Appanoose in 1850 and 
died in 1876, aged 75 ; his widow is 
still living at the advanced age of 81 
years ; they were married in 1851 ; she 
was born in Virginia in 1833 ; they 
have four children — John J., Eli W,, 
Maria E. and George Ralph. Demo- 
cratic in politics ; members of the M. E. 
Church ; he is a member of A., F. & A. 
M., No. 119, Unionville. Was formerly 
engaged, for a short time, in the mercan- 
tile business with Robert Frost, at Hill- 
town, this county. 

TAYLOR, M. L., MRS.; born 
in Giles Co., Tenn., Nov. 26, 1818; 
her maiden name was Margaret Stinson, 
daughter of Alex. Stinson. She married 
Mr. Phineas Taylor, in 1843 ; he was 
born in Crittenden Co., Ky., Sept. 20, 
1819 ; in 1850, they removed to this 
county, Centerville, where he engaged 
in the mercantile business until March, 

1854, when they removed to Unionville, 
where he continued in his business, and 
assisted in platting, laying-out and build- 
ing-up the town; he continued in busi- 
ness until his death, March 24, 1865, 
leaving three children — Ward C.,born in 
1853; Campbell C, born in October, 

1855, died April 20, 1878, and Mary P., 
born Oct. 16, 1859; lost three sons in the 
army — Malcolm A. S., born July 18, 
1844 , enlisted in the 36th Iowa Inf , in 
September, 1862, died April 24, 1863 ; 
James W.,born Sept. 7, 1846; enlisted 
in May, 1864, in the 47th Iowa Inf; 
died Aug. 20, 1864; Udell H., born 
Jan. 2, 1850, enlisted May 2, 1864, 
in the 47th Iowa Inf, died Sept. 3, 
1864, having enlisted when but 14 
years of age ; all died from disease con- 
tracted in the service ; Campbell C was 
a commercial traveler ; has traveled ex- 
tensively over all the States but seven ; 
last traveled for Byron, Robb & Co., of 
Cincinnati ; started on the road when 
but 16 years of age. Mr. Taylor was 
buried by the A.,F. & A. M., attended by 
a large concourse of people. Rev. John 
Fisher, Pastor of Presbyterian Church at 
Centerville, officiating, Mr. Taylor having 
been Elder in that church while living. 

Taylor, S., Sec. 13; P. 0. Unionville. 
Tipton, S., Unionville. 



UDELL TOWNSHIP. 



529 



Tuller, J. C, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

TUCKER, WILEY, retired farm- 
er ; P. 0. Dennis ; born in Stokes 
Co., N. C, in 1809 ; removed to this 
county in 18G0. Married Miss Hulda 
Swim in 184:8 ; she was born in Stokes 
Co., N. C, in 1819 ; they have four 
children — Eli, Cyntha J., Elizabeth 
and Pheba. Independent in politics ; 
he is a member of the Baptist Church. 

ULLRICH, JOEN, Sec. 6; P. 0. 
Unionville. 
Y AUGHT, J. F., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. 
Unionville. 
Vaught, L., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Vermilya, B. C, S. 25 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Vermilya, R. B., S. 16 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Vermilya, W. F., Unionville. 

WALLACE, J. S., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

WAIili, J. J., farmer, Sec. 18; P. 
0. Unionville ; born in Rutherford Co., 
N. C, in 1831 ; his father removed to 
East Tennessee in 1833 ; at the age of 
18, he went to St. Clair Co., 111., where 
he taught school two years, and for 
three years attended the McKendry 
College at Lebanon, after which he went 
to Carrollton, Mo., where he was ap- 
pointed County Surveyor, which oflSce 
he held for five years, when, in 1862, he 
enlisted in the 65th Mo. State Militia as 
Major ; served one year, and was mus- 
tered out in 1863. In 1864, he came 
to this county, where he now owns 210 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Married Miss Emmaretta Gibson in 
1867 ; she was born in Floyd Co.. Ind., 
in 1848. Formerly a Republican. Has 
held the ofl&ce of County Surveyor for 
six years ; Township Trustee. Mem- 
bers of the Christian Church. 

Walmer, J., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Wedmore, John, S. 14 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Walsh, John, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Wicker, 0. A., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

White John, Sec. 1; P. 0. Unionville. 



Whisler, H., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Whisler, John, Sec. 9 ; P. O. Unionville. 

WHINIiER, MIRAXDA (nee 
Leavell), farm.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville ; born in Henry Co., Ind., in 1827, 
and there married Samuel Whisler, in 
1846 ; he was born in Rockford Co., 
Va., in 1822 ; after they were married 
they remained in Henry Co. about three 
years, after which they came to this 
State, Jefi"erson Co., where they re- 
mained for a year and a half, and, in 
1856, came to this county, where he 
entered a quarter-section of lapd, but 
has since added to it until it now con- 
tains 206 acres, valued at $30 per acre ; 
Mr. Whisler died in 1870, leaving nine 
children — William H., Martha E., Mary 
J., Columbus E., Louis C, Annie C, 
Sarah A. and Miranda E. Samuel W. 
Was Republican in politics ; members 
of the German Baptist Church. 

Williams, Alex., Unionville. 

ZOOK, A., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Shenandoah, 
Iowa. 

ZOOK, DA^flEL, farmer, Sec. 14 ; 
P. 0. Unionville ; born in Bedford Co., 
Penn., in 1824 ; when 4 years of age, 
his parents removed to Wayne Co., Ind. ; 
at the age of 7, his father died. Nov. 
17, 1844, he married Miss Margaret 
Hardman, who was born in Montgomery 
Co., Ohio, in 1823. In 1855, with his 
own family, his mother and two brothers, 
he came to this county, and had, on 
reaching here, all told, $200, but on 
taking of last census, his property was 
appraised at a few dollars less than $10,- 
000 ; he now has 107 acres of land, 
valued at $50 per acre, all made at grain 
and stock growing. Mr. and Mrs. Zook 
are members of, and he the Pastor of 
the German Baptist Church in their 
township ; has been in the ministry for 
twenty-three years, and has been Pastor 
of the church here for eight years. 

Zook, Joseph, Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Unionville. 




mj^"^ 



530 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY : 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



ARRISON, WILLIAM, far., Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Seymour. 
Atherton, A., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 
Atherton, H., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

BABBITT, H. F., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Seymour. 

Baggs, J., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

Baggs, Joseph, Jr., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Seymour. 

Baker, H. H., far., Sec. 10; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Baldwin, William A., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. 
Hibbsville. 

Bales, J., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Bales, T., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Bales, Peter, far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Bales, Wm., S. 2 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Barnhouse, T., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Hibbsville. 

Beason, M. H., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Sey- 
mour. 

Bell, F., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Ottumwa. 

Bell, S. N., far., S. 10; P. 0. Livingston. 

Brinkley, J.W.,far.,S.32; P. 0. Livings- 
ton. 

Brinkley, W. W., far.. Sec. 28; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Brennaman, John, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. 
Seymour. 

Beer, G. S., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Beer, George W., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

Beer, J., far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Burkhiser, A., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Genoa. 

C ALLEN, A. J., farmer. Sec. 14; P. 
0. Moulton. 

Callen, J. P., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

CARSON, A. E., farmer and stock 
grower, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Livingston ; 
born in Cumberland Co., Va., Feb. 4, 
1810 ; at the age of 15, left that county 
with S2.50 in his pocket, for Rocking- 
ham Co., Va., where he taught school 
for three months, and left there with 
$1.50 cash, a good suit of clothes, and a 
bell-crowned stove-pipe hat ; thence to 
Old Fort Necessity, Fayette Co., Penn., 
where he was clerking and teaching until 
1 833 ; thence to Mt. Pleasant, where he 
entered the academy of A. 0. Peterson, 
a celebrated divine ; remained there 
eighteen months ; thence to JeflFerson 
College, Cannonsburg, Penn. ; there en- 
tered the Junior Class ; thence to Greene 



Co., Penn., where he graduated in 1839 ; 
engaged as assistant teacher until 1842, 
when he married Miss Ruth B . Greggs. 
During 1843, commenced merchandis- 
ing in Jeiferson, Greene Co. ; during 
1845, his family, consisting of wife and 
three children, died ; in 1853, married 
Miss Eliza Biddle, daughter of J. T. 
Biddle,a relative of J. T. Biddle, a noted 
banker ; she was born in Washington Co., 
Penn., in 1823. Continued his business 
at Jefferson until 1854 ; in 1857 came 
to Appanoose Co., where he engaged 
in farming, and where he now owns 470 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre, 
and 227 head of stock. During the 
reign of Queen Elizabeth, the great-great- 
grandfather of Mr. Carson, whose name 
was Black, formed a colony in Scotland 
(that being his native country) for the 
purpose of settling in Ireland ; the Irish 
being opposed to the invasion of their 
country by those people, met them at the 
coast, and forming into line of battle, 
proposed to light, but compromised by 
agreeing to select one of their men to 
fight against one selected by the colonists, 
the agreement being that the Irishman 
proving victorious, the Scotchmen would 
return to their country, but if the Scotch 
gained the victory,they were to be allowed 
to remain and have all the land they 
required. Black was chosen by the col- 
onists as champion ; his opponent being 
an immense Irishman, clothed in the 
armor of that day, breast-plate, helmet 
and sword. Black proved victorious, and 
killed his antagonist, and the Scots were 
allowed to remain. From this family of 
Blacks, have descended the Trumbles, 
Keys, Longs of Baltimore, and the Long, 
for whom Long's Peak, Colorado, was 
named ; from the same branch, Kit 
Carson and family of that name have 
sprung. Mr. and Mrs. Carson have six 
children — Melvina J., Bert W., Isaac B., 
Ruth G., LizzieL. and Jennie Y. Re- 
publican ; members of the Presbyterian 
Church for upward of forty years. Has 
held school of&ces, Township Trustee and 
County Supervisor. 
Callen, P. H., far., S. 14; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



531 



Coleman, D., far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Hibbs- 
ville. 

Corder, J. H., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Livings- 
ton. 

COXDRA, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 
27 ; P. 0. Livingston ; born in Craw- 
ford Co., Ind., March 20, 1816. At the 
age of 22, or in 1838, he married Miss 
Louisa Adams ; she was born in Ken- 
tucky in 1820 ; her father, Aaron Ad- 
ams, was a pioneer to Indiana from 
Massachusetts ; her mother, whose 
maiden name was Anna Collens, married 
Charles Moore, who died ; she then mar- 
ried Aaron Adams (now deceased), a car- 
penter by trade, and lived in Craw- 
ford Co., Ind. ; her mother died in 
Washington Co. The year follow- 
ing their marriage. Mr. and Mrs. 
Condra came to Knox Co., 111., where 
they engaged at farming on rented land, 
until 1844, when he bought a farm, on 
which he remained until 1850, when 
they came to Appanoose in the spring 
of that year, where he owned 360 
acres of land, but has divided wiih his 
children until he has 175 acres, valued 
at $20 per acre. They have eight chil- 
dren — Wm. W., born in October, 1841 ; 
Isaac N., October, 1843 ; Rebecca, 
September, 1846 ; Leander F., Febru- 
ary, 1849 ; Angeliue, September, 1851 ; 
Lydia, December, 1854; John L., 
April, 1857 ; Louisa, April, 1862 ; all 
of whom can read, write and cypher ; 
all married but one, and all settled in 
Iowa. She is a member of the Christian 
Church and he is a Universalist. 

Condra, L. F.; far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

COKDRA, WII^IilAM M., farm 
er. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Livingston ; born in 
Knox Co., 111., Oct. 28, 1841 ; with his 
father, Jacob C, came to this county in 
1850 ; remained at home until he en- 
listed in Co. I, 36th Iowa V. I., Capt. 
Gedney, in 1862 ; participated at Hele- 
na, Little Missouri, Saline River, Little 
Rock, Mark's Mill ; then the regiment 
was captured and held at Tyler, Texas, 
for ten months ; but he, having been de- 
tailed to guard prisoners, was not taken ; 
mustered out at Davenport, Iowa, Aug. 
24, 1865. Married Miss Mary I. 
Green June 17, 1860 ; she was born in 
Washington Co., Ohio, in 1842 ; died 
Feb. 13, 1873, leaving two children — 



Emma A., born in 1868, and Ollive 0., 
born Sept. 20, 1871 ; her father, David 
Green, was a substantial farmer of Pleas- 
ant Tp.; born in New England ; first 
settled in Ohio, and came to Appanoose 
Co. in 1852. Then married Miss Su- 
sanna C. Davis March 25, 1874 ; she 
was born in Adair Co., Ky., in 1853 ; 
they have two children — Jennie, born 
Dec. 21, 1874, and Minnie Bell, July 
29, 1877. Republican ; he is a mem- 
ber of the Missionary Baptist Church, 
and of A., F. & A. M., No. 133, Bellair, 
Iowa. Owns 105 aci-es of well-improved 
lands, all fenced except fifteen acres of 
timber, valued at $25 per acre. Mrs. 
Condra's father, John M. Davis, came 
to Davis Co., Iowa; there engaged in 
farming ; his trade being that of a stone- 
mason, he engaged in that whenever he 
found an opportunity ; came to this 
county in 1863, and remained imtil Au- 
gust, 1877, when he removed to Kansas ; 
was a man of excellent religious princi- 
ples, at times preaching the Gospel. Her 
mother was of a similar character, and 
an ornament to the society in which she 
moved. 
Cowgill, M., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

DAVIS, JAMES A., farmer. Sec. 36 ; 
P. 0. Hibbsville. 
Davis, J. M., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Livingston. 
Daugherty, J., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Seymour. 
Dean, J. E., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Livingston. 
Denoon, C. S., far., S. 28. 

ELLIOTT, M. A., far., Sec. 28 ; P. 
0. Seymour. 
Ervin, F., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

FIFE, WILLIAM, far., Sec. 19 ; P. 
0. Genoa. 
Findlay, John, far.,S. 1 ; P. 0. Livingston. 
Foster, A., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

GLASSER, JOSEPH, far., S. 3 and 4 ; 
P. 0. Livingston. 
Grant, E., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Livingston. 
Gooding, F., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

HALLIDAY, H. L, far., Sec. 10 ; P. 
0. Livingston. 

Harl, J. T., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Harris, Wesley, far., Sec. 7 ; P. O.Genoa. 

HARVEY, WAI.I.ACE M., 
farmer, stock dealer and grower, Sec. 2 ; 
P. 0. Hibbsville ; born in Monroe Co., 
Ind., in 1840 ; at the age of 6 months, 
his father, Robert W., died, and when 
but 3 years of age, his mother, whose 



532 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



maiden name was Ruth Elliott, died ; 
they were natives of Tennessee ; after 
his mother's death, he was put to live 
with an uncle (by marriage), William 
Dixon, of Lawrence Co., Ind.; with 
him he remained until, during 1855, 
with his brother, Elijah E., he came to 
this county ; his brother, now a resi- 
dent of Eldorado, Butler Co., Kan., was 
Pastor of the Christian Church, and has 
charge of the Church where he now 
resides ; Mr. Harvey has a sister also re- 
siding there ; after arriving in this 
county, although but 1 5 years of age, 
he went to work at odd jobs by the 
month and day, for Henry Adamson 
and others, until 1859; then rented R. 
S. Lowry's farm for one year; in 1860, 
rented Capt. J. B. Gedney's farm for the 
year. Feb. 23, 1861, he married Miss 
Nancy J. Conger ; she was born in Mon- 
roe Co., Ohio, in 1838 ; her father, 
John Conger, from Ohio, settled near 
Caldwell, this county, in 1849 ; he then 
rented a farm of Wm. Fox, of Lincoln 
Tp., and in August of that year (1861), 
he enlisted in Captain Edwards' State 
militia, traveling through Missouri to 
St. Joe, and disbanding Oct. 1, 1862; 
worked his father-in-law's farm; in 
August of the same year, he enlisted in 
the 36th Iowa Inf, Co. I, Capt. Ged- 
ney, as private ; participated at the bat- 
tle of Helena, Little Rock, Prairie, 
de Ann, Camden ; at the battle of Ar- 
kansas Mill he was wounded, and re- 
mained on the battle-field for one month ; 
laid up seven months ; mustered out at 
Davenport in 1865 ; returned home and 
purchased forty acres of land adjoining 
Centerville; in 1866, he again took his 
father-in-law's farm for three years, and 
cleared $3,300, with which he pur- 
chased another farm near Centerville ; 
in 1869, he engaged in farming and 
dealing in stock until 1872, when he en- 
tered the mercantile business at Numa, 
with his brother, before mentioned, and 
G. VV. Athey ; owned a one-third interest 
in the town site ; retained that business 
until 1873, and then returned to his 
farm ; during the year 1875, he pur- 
chased the farm he now occupies, and, 
in 1877, he removed to it; it contains 
418 acres; he still retains his original 
farm near Centerville, containing 112 



acres, all under cultivation, except five 
acres of timber, all valued at $25 per 
acre ; as the records will show, Mr 
Harvey has owned, within the past ten 
years, over 2,000 acres. They have five 
children — William E., Ruth J., Charles 
C, John C. and Lydia L. Republican ; 
she is a member of the Christian 
Church ; he holds the oflBce of Town- 
ship Trustee. 

Haxby, George, far., S. 35; P. 0. Hibbs- 
ville. 

Hays, John H., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Livings- 
ton. 

HIBBI§», JAMES, dealer in dry 
goods and general merchandise, Hibbs- 
ville, residence same ; born in Putnam 
Co., Ind., in 1826 ; in 1847, removed 
to Jefferson Co., Iowa, and there en- 
gaged in the farming line and breaking 
prairie for one year, and went to Wapello 
Co., engaged in farming until during 
1849, when he came to Appanoose Co. 
and entered land in what was then Shoal 
Creek Township ; helped to make the 
returns of the first election from that 
township ; the year following, returned 
to his farm and occupied it until 1851, 
when he built a store, stocked it with 
goods, and entei'ed into his present busi- 
ness, being the first in that township. 
He platted and laid out a town, calling 
it Hibbsville, which in 1857, consisted 
of three general stores, a drug store, a 
hotel, a blacksmith shop, a shoe shop, a 
grist and saw mill, carding machine and 
post office, all doing a good business. 
Now, Mr. Hibbs is the only one there, 
not even a blacksmith shop remaining. 
A schoolhouse was built in his village as 
early as 1854, in which the first term of 
school was taught by Miss C. Stanton, 
now a resident of Centerville. In 1853, 
he sold out his business interest and 
commenced the erection of the first mill 
in the township ; completed the saw- 
mill that fall, and in 1855 put in the 
flouring department ; he also attached a 
carding apparatus. This business he re- 
tained until 1858, then disposed of his 
milling interest and for four years 
kept the hotel in Hibbsville ; during 
the year 1862, he again entered mer- 
chandising, hauling his goods from Ot- 
tumwa with a blind mule, where he has 
since continued, having been in the 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



533 



business for sixteen years without inter- 
mission. In 1853, he succeeded is es- 
tabhshing a post office at Hibbsville, 
which he has himself held for twenty 
years, through all administrations and 
through the rebellion. In 1873, Mr. 
Hibbs instigated a movement and suc- 
ceeded in organizing the first Grange of 
the county. In 1855, he married Miss 
Martha Cooly ; she was born in Indiana 
in 1840 ; her father, Edward C, came 
to Iowa in 1848, first settled in Wash- 
ington County and engaged in farming ; 
he afterward removed to Keokuk, and 
there ensasred in milling; ; then to this 
county, where he erected the first card- 
ing machine of the county west of Cen- 
terville. He died in 1853 ; her mother 
died in 1862 ; her father had been a 
member of the M. E. Church since 16 
years of age, and his mother since she 
was 19 years of age. Mr. and Mrs. 
Hibbs have six children — Mahlon E., 
James W., Martha E., George B., 
Nancy J., Samuel D. Greenbacker. 
Owns his business, consisting of a store 
heavily stocked with goods, and 380 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 

Hibbs, Jesse, Sec. 19. 

Hibbs, Mahlon, far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Hibbs- 
ville. 

Hibbs, Pleasant, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

Highbarger, Daniel, far., S. 23; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Highbarger, Henry, far., S. 14 ; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Holliday, George, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

Horn, George W., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

Horn, S. S., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Howard, John, far., S. 19 ; P. O. Genoa. 

Howard, S., S. 17 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Houdesheldt, William, far., S. 12; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Hondrick, Christ, far., S. 17. 

HuflFaker, T. W., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Liv- 
iDgston. 

Huffman, M. E., far.. Sec. 14; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

Huxtable, R. A., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

HIJFFAKER, T. W., farmer, Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Livingston ; born in June, 
1835, in Knox Co., East Tenn. ; in 



1850, came to Appanoose Co. ; rents 
240 acres land, on which he has lived 
five years. Enlisted in 1863, in Co. I, 
18th Mo. V. I., served to the end of the 
war ; was in Sherman's march to the 
sea, and others ; was wounded at 
Resaca, Ga., May, 1864; has been 
Township Trustee and School Director. 
Married Nancy McClure April 30, 
1856; she was born March, 1834, in 
Ohio ; have five children — John, James, 
George, Emily and Margaret. Repub- 
lican. 

JARVIS, WM., L. far.. Sec. 3; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Jump, John F., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

KELLER, ADAM, far.. Sec. 34 ; P. 
0. Numa. 

Keller, H. F., far.,S. 33 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

KEJ.L.EY, JAMES H., far.. Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. Seymour, Wayne Co.; born in 
Hawkins Co., E. Tenn., in 1820. At 
the age of 23, he married Miss Marga- 
ret Retchy ; she was born in Jefferson 
Co., E. Tenn., in 1825 ; during the 
year 1847, they removed to Adams Co., 
111.; there engaged in farming until 
1853 ; then went to Hancock Co.; re- 
mained two years, and came to this 
county, where he owns 100 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. Their 
children are Sarah C., Nancy I., Will- 
iam A., Mary E., Joanna, Lucinda M., 
Louisa, Amanda L. and John A. Dem- 
ocratic ; members of the M. E. Church. 
Like many of the pioneers of Iowa, Mr. 
Kelley came here poor, and, during the 
first few years of his pioneer life, had to 
skirmish for a living, depending almost 
solely upon the game of the prairies for 
a living for himself and family, alter- 
nately hunting and working (improving 
his farm) ; deer, turkey and prairie 
chicken were the game, the flesh serving 
as food and the fur being turned to 
account in providing means to obtain 
clothing for the family ; he made the 
first entry of land on the south side of 
the road on which he lives. 

Kimley, Thos., far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Kerschun, E. A., far., Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Genoa. 

LACY & SHEPHERD, farmers, Sec. 
12; P. 0. Livingston. 
Lambert, B., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Hibbsville. 



534 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



Lankford, W., far., S. 25; P. 0. Hibbs- 
ville. 

liliEWELIiYBf, W. S., far., Sec. 
7 ; P. 0. Genoa, Wayne Co.; born in 
Lancaster Co., Pean., in 1820 ; his 
father, William, was a native of Wales ; 
emigrated to America soon after the 
French war ; his mother, Ann, whose 
maiden name was Meredith, was born 
in the city of Bristol. Married there 
in 181G; died in 1854; they set- 
tled in Gruernsey Co., Ohio, where they 
engaged in farming ; his death occurred 
in 1867. After his father's death, W. 
S, continued to work upon the farm, 
assisting in clearing and improving it 
until the spring of 1847, when he came 
to Lee Co., Iowa, where he engaged in 
carpenter and joiner work until the 
spring of 1850, where he took the over- 
land route to California ; arrived at 
Ringold August 12, of same year, having 
spent a week at Salt Lake City ; arrived 
in California, he engaged in mining 
until Nov. 3, 1851, when he took pas- 
sage on board a sail-vessel for Nicaragua, 
C. A., where he arrived December 17, of 
the same year ; crossed the Isthmus and 
arrived at Greytown Christmas Eve.; 
the next day took steamer Ohio for 
the Island of Cuba ; remained there 
two or three days and proceeded to New 
Orleans, where he arrived Jan. 5, 1853 ; 
remained one month and left for Ohio by 
steamer to Cincinnati, reaching his des- 
tination, Guernsey Co., Feb. 14, 1852 ; 
remained one month, and again left for 
Lee Co., which he reached on the same 
day two years from date of leaving ; 
again engaged at his trade until 1862, 
when he enlisted in the 37th I. V. I., 
Co. C, Capt. J. A Hall, Col. G. N. Kin- 
kade, as private ; was on garrison duty 
until mustered out as Sergeant, in May, 
1865, at Davenport, Iowa. Returned to 
Lee Co., and again engaged at his usual 
occupation. In June, 1866, he married 
Miss Mary Fox ; she was born in Orleans 
Co., N. Y., July 11, 1835, her father, 
William F., a pioneer of Lee Co., hav- 
ing removed there during the year 1846 ; 
he was a farmer ; resided there until his 
death, which occurred in April, 1872; 
her mother died in December, 1876. Mr. 
and Mrs. L. remained in Lee Co. until 
1870, when he, leaving his family, came 



to this county, erected a house and im- 
proved, to some extent, a farm, and, 
during the year 1871, moved his family 
here, where he owns 1,490 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. They have 
three children — Jessie, born Oct. 4, 
1867; Nellie, born Dec. 15, 1870; 
Frankie E., March 1, 1876. Repub- 
lican ; Mrs. L. is a member of the M. 
E. Church. He has held the office of 
Township Assessor, Trustee, President 
and Treasurer of School Board, and has 
been County Supervisor two terms. 

Lynch, Jas., far., Sec. 23; P. 0. Livings- 
ton. 

McCABE, W. H., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. 
Seymour. 

McCannon, D. S., far., Sec. 35; P. 0. 
Hibbsville. 

Melson, J., far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

MELSO^, J., farmer and dealer in 
stock. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Livingston ; born 
in Ross Co., Ohio, in 1822 ; came to 
Washington Co., Iowa, in 1854 ; to this 
county in 1855, where he now owns 600 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Married Miss Mary 0. Benner in 1844 ; 
she was born in Ross Co., Ohio, in 1825 ; 
they have eight children — F. C, Maria, 
Mary C, B. F., John C, Ann, Bell and 
Emma. Republican ; members of the 
Church of God. Has held the offices of 
Township Trustee, Supervisor, School 
offices, etc. His son F. C, now a resi- 
dent of Adams Co., enlisted in 8th Iowa 
V. C, Co. H, Capt .M. Walmen ; sec- 
ond recruit in 1863 ; was in all the bat- 
tles of his command, and mustered out 
at close of war. 

MERRITT, S. H., farmer. Sec. 32; 
P. 0. Seymour ; born in Jefferson Co.; 
Ohio, in 1817 ; removed to what was at 
that time Morgan Co., 111., in 1836; 
there engaged at tailoring at Winches- 
ter, since county seat of Scott Co., until 
July, of the same year, and went to 
Springfield, 111.; there was engaged in 
the same business until 1841 ; came to 
the Territory of Iowa, Van Buren Co. 
Then married Miss Emily Errington in 
1845, a resident of Jefterson Co.; her 
father, Joel E., was the first minister of 
the M. E. Church, who removed his 
family to this Territorv ; they came 
from Fulton Co., 111., in*1839; he died 
at Bloomfield, Davis Co., in 1851 ; her 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



535 



mother died in Vau Buren Co., in 1877, 
being over 90 years of age. After com- 
ing to Van Buren Co., My. Merritt con- 
tinued his trade for seven years ; then 
engaged in farming by renting until 
1854; then purchased a farm in JeflFer- 
son Co., which he occupied until 1869, 
when he came to this county, where he 
now owns 320 acres of land, valued at 
$20 per acre. They have four children 
— Mary M., John J., George N. and 
William S. Republican ; members of 
the M. E. Church. Has held the ofl&ce 
of Township Trustee and school offices. 

Mullinax, J., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Genoa. 

Mullinax, C, far., S. 18; P. 0. Genoa. 

Myers, G., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

"XTOE, G. E., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Liv- 

_L\| ingston. 

Newton, M., far., S. 24; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

PARKS, GEO. W., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. 
Hibbsville. 
PARKER, li, Gr., farmer and stock- 
grower ; proprietor of Livingston Coal 
Works ; Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Livingston ; 
born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., in 1816 ; 
at the age of 17, entered Union Academy 
at Belleville, that county, and at the age 
of 21, entered Union College at Schenec- 
tady ; graduated in full course class of 
1838, and the same fall came to Ohio, 
and engaged in civil engineering on the 
Miami Canal, at that time a new country 
full of ague. June, 1841, he married 
Miss Nancy J. Barney, daughter of 
Benjamin Barney, a soldier of the war 
of 1812. A part of the land now owned 
and occupied by Mr. Parker was ob- 
tained through his services in that war, 
and which is prized by Mr. P. more 
highly on that account. A brother of 
his, E. G. Barney, is now in South 
America as civil engineer. It was 
with him Mr. Parker was engaged on 
the canal in Ohio. The elder brother of 
Mrs. Parker, E. E. Barney, is a car- 
builder at Dayton, Ohio ; he was a grad- 
uate at Union College, and for many 
years President of the female academy 
at Dayton, Ohio ; successful teacher, and 
successful at any of his undertakings. 
Another brother, B. H. B., an Elder 
of the Baptist Church. Her sister, Mrs. 
J. E. Stephens, a graduate of Union 
College, formerly a teacher, now has an 
interest in the car works at Dayton, 



Ohio ; she was educated at Union Acad- 
emy, and was a successful teacher for 
many years at Painesville, Ohio, and 
also at Dayton ; she is now lecturing in 
the interest of the Woman's Missionary 
Society, lecturing for missions. Her elder 
sister was the wife of E. 0. Smith, Esq., 
of this township, died in 1877, among 
the earliest pupils of Academy ; the 
family moved to Northern Ohio, Geauga 
Co., in 1831 ; she taught school there 
for a term ; they then came to Dayton, 
where she was associated with her broth- 
er, teaching in the Union Academy at 
Dayton for four or five years ; in 1842, 
she was married to E.- 0. Smith, of 
Galway, N. Y.; in 1856, with her hus- 
band, came to this county, and with the 
same tireless energy that characterized 
her life, took upon herself the burdens 
of a farmer's life, and the painstaking 
share of molding into shape the crude 
elements of pioneer society. After the 
completion of his duties on the canal be- 
fore mentioned, Mr. Parker took charge 
of the academy at Urbana, Ohio, and 
after the close of the school year for 
1853, he, with his father-in-law, came to 
Appanoose Co., where they entered a 
section of land, then returned and con- 
tinued his school, and the following year 
moved with his family to his land in this 
county, which he commenced to improve. 
During the year 1858-59, he published 
the Ajjpanoose Republican, the first 
Republican paper published in the 
county, the Democracy of the county 
being at that time as three to one ; 
surrounded by the slavery element, 
it, at that time, cost something to be a 
Republican. After that, returned to 
his farming until August, 1861, when 
he enlisted, as private, Co. B, 6th Kansas 
Cavalry ; participated mostly along the 
Kansas border at guerrilla warfare, battles 
of Mazzard Prairie, Mine Creek, High 
Grove and others ; promoted first to 
Sergeant, then to Lieutenant, then to 
Captain, for meritorious services rendered 
on the field ; served four and one-half 
years, and mustered out at Fort Leaven- 
worth, November, 1865, as Captain of 
Co. B, 15th Kansas Cavalry. The 
father of Mr. Parker was a soldier of 
1812, his grandfather a soldier of the 
Revolution. On coming to Appanoose, 



536 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Mr. and Mrs. P. found a log cabin on 
their land, occupied by a squatter whom 
it cost $125 to get rid of, which they 
occupied four or five years ; not a fence 
rail, or a furrow plowed, on the farm, 
which now consists of 340 acres of well- 
improved land, valued at $30 per acre. 
He with his son B. B. owns the only 
coal-mines in the Southwest part of the 
county, supplying Seymour, Genoa, St. 
John and the surrounding country with 
coal equal in quality to the best in the 
county ; they mine 20,000 bushels per 
year, with business increasing every year, 
farmers even with plenty of timber, as 
fast as their wood stoves burn out buy 
coal stoves. They have four children 
living — Edwin L., born in 1842 ; John 
G., born in 1845, killed at the battle of 
Mazzard Prairie, Ark., July 27, 1864; 
Benjamin B., born in 1849 ; Charles F., 
born in 1856, and Albert L., born in 
1859. Republican; Mr. and Mrs. P. 
are members of the Baptist Church, 
wherein he is an authorized minister. 
Has frequently held the ofiice of Town- 
ship Trustee ; was at one time candidate 
' for State Senate ; a member of A., F. 
& A. M., No. 8, Harmony lodge, Picka- 
way, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. P. try to bear 
their full share of the burdens and re- 
sponsibilities of the county and com- 
munity in which they live. Mr. P. with 
his two sons contributed to the army 
what was equal to nine years of one 
man's time; Mrs. Parker being with 
him two years of the time as Hospital 
Nurse to his eldest son E. L., who was 
in the army, now a resident of Kansas. 

Peters, J. Q.,far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

Pettit, A., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Pettit, A. (I., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Living- 
ston. 

Petit, Noah, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Pettigrew, A. W., far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Genoa. 

REED, F., heirs, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. 
Livingston. 
Rick, Jno., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Hibbsville. 
Ross, G., far., S. 33 : P. 0. Livingston. 

SAGER, J. P., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Sey- 
mour. 
Shoultz, A., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Seymour. 
Shoultz, J. A., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Seymour. 
Shoultz, Marion, far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Sey- 
mour. 



Shoultz, W., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Seymour 

SXEAD, G. M. D., farmer. Sec. 15; 
P. 0. Livingston ; born in Richmond, 
Va., in 1845 ; in 1858, came to this 
county ; his father, John S., was a cab- 
inet maker by trade ; afterward on the 
police force at Richmond ; died there 
during the cholera of 1851 ; his mother 
then married James Inman, and with 
them he came to this county ; his mother 
died here in 1864 ; his stepfather after- 
ward removed to Ohio. During the 
year 1863, he enlisted in the 8th I. V. C, 
Co. H, Capt. Waldren ; was at Chatta- 
nooga and all the battles from that to 
Atlanta ; wounded at Newnan and taken 
prisoner ; held at Andersonville most of 
the time for nine months, then taken to 
Florida and turned loose without even a 
shirt, and bare-footed ; succeeded in 
reaching our lines in April, 1865, and 
was discharged under act of Congress 
regarding prisoners, June 6, 1865. 
Returned home in November, 1866, and 
married Miss Sarah Fife ; she was born 
in Lee Co., Iowa, in 1849 ; her father 
was a pioneer of that county from Floyd 
Co., Ind., biit now a resident of Put- 
nam Co., Mo. ; they have six children 
— Louisa B., David R., John, Clarence 
and infant twins not named. Repub- 
lican ; she is a member of the Baptist 
Church. He has held the school offices 
and Township Trustee ; was elected to 
that office again at the last election. 

Smith, E. 0., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

Smith, J. M., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Hibbs- 
ville. 

Stamps, E. B., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

STAMPS, JOHN, far., S. 31 ; P. 0. 
Seymour ; born in White Co., Tenn., in 
1813 ; his father, Sandford S., a farmer 
of that county, died in 1824, or when 
John was 1 1 years of age ; his mother 
married a second time at the age of 19, 
Married Miss Sarah Bohannan ; she 
was born in White Co., Tenn., in 1814 ; 
her father, Lewis A., a resident of that 
county, a farmer and stock-dealer and a 
man well known and highly respected 
throughout the county, and of consider- 
able wealth, died in 1853. In 1835, 
they came to Macoupin Co., 111., engaged 
in farming there for three years, and 
then went to Morgan Co., thence to 



FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 



537 



Texas, where he was entitled to 640 
acres of land under the old Spanish 
Right, and there he remained for 
eighteen months ; helped to lay out 
Franklin, county seat of Robinson Co.; 
during the year 1840, he returned to 
McDonough Co., 111., where he engaged 
in farming, wheelwrigh ting, etc.; bought 
a fiirni, which he retained until 1850, 
when they came to this county, where 
he now owns 183 acres of land, valued 
at S20 per acre; has owned 170 acres 
beside what he has given to his children. 
They have five children — Nancy C, 
Margaret J., Zilpha E., Mary A. and 
Elijah B. Democratic. Has held the 
office of Tp. Trustee and School Treasurer. 
Mr. Stamps had to bear his share of 
the burdens of pioneer life in Iowa, and 
one among the many was going seventy- 
five miles to mill ; at the time of his 
coming to Appanoose, nothing was to be 
had any nearer ; the trip required 
thirty-one days ; the first season after 
coming, he made two of them ; built a 
house and raised corn enough, within 
fourteen bushels, to supply his require- 
ments ; after reaching here on the 22d 
of May, was offered $2.50 per bushel 
for meal at Hurly's mill ; has made all 
he has since coming to Appanoose. 
STANTOX, A., farmer, Sec. 33; P. 
0. Livingston ; born in Washington Co., 
Ohio, in 1819; during the year 1850, 
he came to Lee Co., Iowa, where he en- 
gaged in farming until the spring of 
1852, when he came to this county, 
where he purchased a farm in Pleasant 
Tp.; and occupied it until 1865, and sold 
it and bought the farm he now occupies, 
consisting of 155 acres, valued at $25 
per acre. Married Miss Lydia Cookright 
in 1840 ; she was born in Washington 
Co., Ohio, in 1821 ; died in this county 
in 1862, leaving eight children — Cor- 
nelius A., David A., Nancy E., Andrew 
P., Mary, Olive S., Julian S. and 
Delia. Mrs. Stanton was a member of 
the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Mr. 
S. has held the offices of Township As- 
sessor, Township Trustee, school offices, 
etc. His son David enlisted in the 36th 
Iowa V. I. in 1862 ; participated at 
Mark's Mill ; captured and held prisoner 
at Tyler, Texas, for thirteen months ; 
promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant ; 



in several other battles, and mustered 
out in in 1865. Now a resident of 
Putnam Co., Mo. 

Stollebarger, M., heirs, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Stevens, D., far.; S. 30 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

STEVEXSOX, HEXRY, ftu-mer, 
Sec. 36 ; P. O. Hibbsville ; born in 
Fayette Co., Penn., in 1802; his fiither, 
William S., a weaver by trade, was born 
in Ireland. During the year 1808, he 
started for his native country, having 
heard of a fortune left him there from 
his father's (Henry's grandfather) estate, 
consisting of $16,000. He never was 
heard from afterward, not reaching his 
destination. His mother, Mary, whose 
maiden name was Camron, died in But- 
ler Co., Ohio, in 1841 ; she was born in 
Washington Co., Penn. At his father's 
death, she was left with nine children ; 
Henry being the youngest ; himself and 
one sister are now the only ones of the 
family living. From the the time he 
could earn $3.00 per month, he sup- 
ported his mother. At the age of 21, 
he married Miss Sarah Blair ; she was 
born in Fayette Co., Penn., in 1807, 
her father, Robert B., being a much-re- 
spected citizen of that county ; her 
mother's maiden name was Lettice Park- 
hill ; both were from Ireland, and mar- 
ried there, and emigrated to the United 
States immediately thereafter. Mr. and 
Mrs. Stevenson have five children living 
— Mary, Parkhill, Sarah, Blair ana 
Henry W. ; three have died — Leteis, 
Robert and Rebecc. Mr. S. came to 
this county in 1852, where he owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $35 per acre. 
Was Justice of the Peace here for eight 
years ; has held some of the school offices. 
Learned the shoemaker's trade in Penn- 
sylvania, which he followed for twenty 
years. On coming to Iowa, lie first set- 
tled in Wapello Co., where he made 
money, through renting land, to buy his 
present farm. 

Strickland, Nathan, far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Streepy, John, far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Living- 
ston. 
THOMPSON, WILLIAM, farmer, Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Trusket, John S., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Livingston. 



538 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY ; 



VARNER, WILLIAM, far., Sec. 35 ; 
P. 0. Livingston. 
WARE, WILLIAM F., farmer, Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. Livingston. 
Watson, S. W., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 
Wilkinson, R. B., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

WILKi:^SOX, THOMAS, 

farmer and stock-grower, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati ; born in North Hampton- 
shire, Eng., in 1813 ; at the age of 10 
he VFent to live with his grandparents 
at Leicestershire, where he was raised 
a farmer, in the mean time receiving a 
common-school education. At the age 
of 18 he entered a drug store ; re- 
mained until 1836, when he went into 
business for himself near London ; dur- 
ing the year 1839 he came to America ; 
clerked in Cincinnati one year, engaged 
in business at Covington, Ky., in part- 
nership with Mr. Thomas Bird for three 
or four years ; moved to Dayton, Ohio, 
and entered the same business alone ; 
continued until coming to this county 
in June, 1852. Married Miss Anne 
Murphy; she was born in Belfast, Ireland, 
Jan. 13, 1819 ; her father, Michael 
Murphy, was a contractor and builder 
of that city ; died in September, 1838, 
at the age of 24. The other mem- 
members of the family came to America, 
remained a week in Philadelphia,visiting 
friends, and then went to Chambersburg, 
Penn., thence to Wheeling, W. Va., by 
stage, and by water to Cincinnati, where 
her brother, then residing in Butler Co., 
Ohio, met them. During the year 1846, 
she went to Lafayette, Ind., where 
another brother resided ; remained with 
him 'two years; in 1848, returned to 
Butler Co., Ohio, thence to Dayton, 
Ohio, where she joined her mother and 
family, they having, in the mean time, 



come to this country; during 1850, 
as her health seemed failing, returned 
to the old country for ten months ; was 
eight weeks on the return voyage. Mr. 
Wilkinson continued his business at 
Dayton until 1856, when they came to 
Iowa, where he engaged in farming in 
this county, where he now owns 360 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Have two children — Hugh Exton, born 
in June, 1853, and William, born in 
June, 1854. Republican ; she is a 
member of the Baptist Church ; he a 
Presbyterian. Has held the office of 
Township Assessor, Trustee and school 
offices. 

Wilkinson, W. W., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Williams, C, far.. S. 22 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Wilson, Geo. W., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. 
Livingston. 

Wilson, Isaac, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Livingston. 

Wilson, J. A., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. Liv- 
ingston. 

WII.SO^, I. W., farmer. Sec. 34; 
P. 0. Livingston ; born in Clark Co., 
Ohio, in 1816; removed to Henry Co., 
Iowa, in 1860 ; thence to this county in 
1865, where he owns ninety acres of 
land, valued at $35 per acre. Married 
Miss Charlotte Riggle in 1 837 ; she was 
born in Hamilton Co., Ohio, in 1819 ; 
they have ten children — B. F. Sarah 
L., Mary J., Jas. A., G. W., Nancy A., 
Wm. M., Chas. H., Evin L., Amelia A. 
Mrs. Wilson is a member of the M. E. 
Church. Mr. Wilson has held the offices 
of Township Trustee and Township 
Supervisor, and school offices ; his son, 
B. F., enlisted in 1862 in the 1st Regt. 
of Iowa Engineers ; participated in all 
its different battles, and was honorably 
discharged at the close of the war. Is 
now a resident of Nebraska. 




BELLAIR TOWNSHIP. 



539 



BELLAIR TOWNSHIP. 



A THY, G. W., blacksmith, Numa. 

ARBOQAST, MICHAEL, farm- 
er and stock-grower. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Numa ; born in Pendleton Co., Va., in 
1826 ; when but 5 years of age, his 
father, Michael, Sr., a farmer of that 
county, died. After receiving an edu- 
cation such as was to be acquired at the 
common schools of that day, at the age 
of 19 married Miss Mary A. Pierce ; 
she was born in Pendleton Co., Va., in 
1826 ; in 1850, came to this county, 
having $1 50, where he entered forty acres 
of land, and went to work at splitting 
rails, for the first two years, and in 
1853, with an ox-team, took the over- 
land route to California ; there farmed 
at $65 per month, working fourteen 
months for one man, mining three 
months ; after two or three years, he re- 
turned via New York ; on arriving 
home, he commenced farming, and has 
added to his farm until he now has 400 
acres, valued at $25 per acre. They 
have twelve children, four being twins — 
Francis J., Emily K., George M., John 
and James, S. A. Douglas, Martha E., 
Elsworth, Columbus, Charley and Ed- 
dy, Mary. Members of the Christian 
Church ; he was formerly a member of 
the M. E. Church ; was baptized by that 
organization in 1866, by immersion; 
their three oldest children are also mem- 
bers of the Christian Church. Has held 
the ofiice of School Director for four 
years ; is now Constable. 

BAKER, HUGH, far., S. 21 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Baker, H. C, flxr., S. 33 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

BAKER, H. C, Superintendent 
County Poor Farm ; P. 0. Centerville ; 
born Dec. 16, 1846, in Menard Co., 111.; 
in 1849, came with his parents to Ap- 
panoose Co.; his father entered 320 
acres of land, which is still owned by 
his mother; he owns 140 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre. Jan. 10, 1878, 
he was appointed to his present position ; 
the Poor Farm consists of 180 acres. 
Married Catherine A. Wakefield in 
1869 ; she was born in 1849, in Bar- 



tholomew Co., Ind.; they have one 
child — Flora E., aged 8 years. Repub- 
lican. 

BAKER, ROBERT C, deceased; 
born March 2, 1810, in Kentucky ; died 
Feb. 17, 1868. Married Margaret Parks 
March 5, 1838; she was born Aug. 1,1815, 
in South Carolina; in 1849, they came 
to Appanoose Co.; they own 320 acres of 
land, which he entered; had ten chil- 
dren ; eight living — Hugh H., James 
W., Harrison, Henry C, Benjamin F., 
William, Margaret J. and Annie E. 
James W. and Harrison, served in the 
36th Iowa Inf during the late war. 
Christian Church. 

Baker, M., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Baker, W., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

BAXKS, W. J., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. 
Centerville ; of English descent ; born 
in Grant Co., Ky., July 28, 1825 ; re- 
lated to Gen. Banks, of Massachusetts ; 
his grandfather was a soldier of the 
Revolution ; enlisted when 1 6 years of 
age, and served seven years ; was among 
the first settlers of Kentucky ; moved 
to Putnam Co., Ind., where he was also 
an early settler ; was a farmer ; his 
half-brother, Linn Banks, served twelve 
months in the war of 1812, under 
Richard Johnson, of Kentucky ; had 
his horse shot from under him ; was be- 
side Tecuniseh, when he fell. When 
W. J. was 14 years of age, his father 
died, after which, himself and elder 
brother, Daniel P., kept house alone un- 
til June, 1846, when he and his half- 
brother, James R., enlisted for the 
Mexican war, in the 1st Indiana Inf, 
under Col. James P. Drake; he was 
Corporal of Co. A ; his brother died the 
first year; he re-enlisted as Wagon- 
master, and served until the close of 
the war ; then went with a company of 
troops to California, as teamster ; were 
six months on the road from the mouth 
of the Rio Grande, some of the time 
living on one and one-half crackers a 
day; after losing the greater part of an 
extensive and valuable train in crossing 
the desert, they arrived at Los Angeles ; 
was discharged at Monterey March 31, 
1849 ; he kept livery stable and mined 



540 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



for one and one-half years ; returned to 
Indiana, Dec. 23, 1852. Married Nancy 
Wells Talbott, who was born in Putnam 
Co., Ind., in 1831 ; daughter of 
Thomas Talbott, the youngest son of 
Edward Talbott, who served in the 
Revolutionary war ; afterward, a pastor 
of the M. E. Church ; at a meeting of 
the relatives of her father, held at his 
residence in Indiana, in 1851, there 
wore 180 members of the family ; her 
mother's maiden name was Rankin ; died 
in September, 1853. In 186'J:, Mr. 
Banks settled in this county, where he 
now resides ; owns 270 acres of land, 
valued^at $25 per acre ; they have five 
children — William E., a druggist in 
Russell, Russell Co., Kan.; born in 
Indiana in 1855 ; James W., born in 
1858; Thomas W., born in 1860; 
Daniel V., born in 1862; Frank T., 
born in 1866; all at home, except the 
eldest. Mr. B. was a Whig ; now a 
Democrat ; held the office of Township 
Trustee ; Mrs. B. is a member of the M. 
E. Church. 

Banta, Michael, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Blackburn, H., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Blackburn, Jas., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Bradley, B. P., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Numa. 

BRADLEY, W. H., farmer, stock 
dealer and fruit-grower. Sec. 6 ; P. O. 
Centerville ; born in Clarke Co., Ind., 
in 1826 ; at the age of 8 years, removed 
with his father to Morgan Co., Ind. ; 
remained at home until 22 years of age. 
In 1848, married Martha Elliott, who 
was born in Pulaski Co., Ky., in 1826 ; 
her parents. Fountain B. and Martha 
Elliott, returned to Clarke Co., where 
they died, only a week intervening be- 
tween their deaths. Mr. and Mrs. 
Bradley removed to Owen Co., Ind., in 
1856 ; came to this county, purchased 
180 acres of land two miles north of 
Centerville and engaged in farming ; in 
1859, removed to their present residence 
and own 705 acres of land, valued at 
625 per acre ; they have seven children 
— Sarah E., J. R., Melvina J., Alvira, 
Patrick H., Chas. E. and Wm. Albert. 
Mr. and Mrs. B. and the four elder 
children are members of the M. E. 
Church ; the parents have belonged to 
that Church for thirty years. Mr. B. 



is a member of the A., F. & A. M., 
No. 313, of Numa. 

C LONDON, S., farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
J Centerville. 
Conn, Wm., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

DUKES, J. S., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 
Duree, Jas., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

EDDY, A. S., farmer, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 
Eddy, E. J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 
FOX, ELIAS, farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
Numa. 
Fox, William, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Numa. 
Fuller, Isaac, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 
Fuller, J. W., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

QORDON, J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 
GARTOX, ISRAEL, far., Sec. 33 ; 
P.O. Centerville; born April 6, 1829, 
in Madison Co., Ohio ; in 1853, came 
to Appanoose Co.; owns 185 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre ; has been 
School Director. Married Martha Har- 
ris April 17, 1856; she was born Feb. 
15, 1837, in Madison Co., Ohio ; have 
eight children — Ada, Ida, Albert, Har- 
lan, Amanda, Perry, Charles and May. 
Republican. Members of the Chris- 
tian Church. 

HALL, R. J., farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 
Centerville. 
HARMOX, J. A., far., S. 28 ; P. 
0. Centerville ; born June 30, 1852, in 
Wapello Co. ; in 1869, went to Idaho 
Territory; in 1873, returned to Wa- 
pello Co.; the following year, came to 
his present farm ; owns 178 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. Married 
Miss M. E. J. Ruckman May 14, 1873 ; 
she was born Feb. 15, 1856, in Wapello 
Co.; have one child — Hax-ry M. Has 
been School Director. Greenbacker. 
Hoover, A., far.,S. 16; P. 0. Centerville. 
Hoover, T. G., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 
Houghland, W. H., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. 

Centerville. 
Houghland, T. J., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

JONES, ALEX., farmer. Sec. 18 ; P. 
0. Numa. 
John, James, far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Numa. 



BELLAIR TOWNSHIP. 



541 



KINGSBURY, R. J., farmer, Sec. 19 ; 
P. 0. Centerville. 
KI^ION, B., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville ; born March 22, 1832, in Lin- 
coln Co., Mo.; in 1853, lie came to Lee 
Co., Iowa; in 1866, removed to Texas; 
in 1867, to Appanoose Co.; he rents 
555 acres of land ; is Township Treas- 
urer. Enlisted in 1863, in Co. E, 19th 
Iowa Inf; served to the end of the 
war ; was at the taking of Spanish 
Fort, Mobile, and other engagements. 
Married Mrs. Susan Crocker, daughter 
of Joseph Adamson, in 1854 ; she was 
born Oct. 5, 1830, in Ohio ; they had 
seven children ; five living — Mary E., 
now a school teacher ; Sarah J., John 
B., Laura B. and Shei'man A.; she has 
one son by a former marriage — John F. 
Crocker, a schoo'l-teacher. Member of 
Odd Fellow's Lodge, No. 76, of Cen- 
terville ; a member of the Encampment ; 
a Master Mason and a Chapter member. 
RepubHcan. 

LANTZ, J., farmer, Sec. 9; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Lantz, N., far., S. 16; P. 0. Centerville. 

Leseng, William, blacksmith, Numa. 

Livengood, J. M., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Livengood, Peter, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Lotridge, Dyer, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

McBRIDE, A. B., farmer. Sec. 8 ; P. 
0. Centerville. 

McClard, J. K., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

McNelly, H., laborer, Bellair. 

Mills, B. P., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Moss, G. R., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

IVTEFF, THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 22; 

IM P. 0. Centerville. 

O'DAY, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 4; P. 
0. Centerville. 
PARTIN, A., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 
REYNOLDS, J. P., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 
Reabard, W., far.. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 
SHAW, A., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 
SHONTZ, JACOB, far., Sec. 34 ; 
P.O. Centerville; born July 8, 1825, 



in Crawford Co., Penn.; in 1858, came 
to Appanoose Co. Owns 600 acres of 
land, valued at S20 per acre. Married 
Nancy Larimer May 4, 1854 ; she was 
born in October, 1832, in Mercer Co., 
Penn.; have eight children — Flora E., 
Eugene L., John M., Margaret J., 
William H., Ella B., Charles H. and 
Frank M. Has held about all the 
township ofl&ces. Presbyterian ; Green- 
backer. 

SILKNITTER, ISOIiOlIOHf, 
deceased; born Oct. 17, 1816,inPennsy 
Ivania; died March 4, 1865. Married 
Catherine Carter in 1836; shewasbornin 
1818, in Maryland ; in 1849, they came 
to Appanoose Co.; they own 600 acres 
of land; they had twelve children, ten 
living — Henry P., Mary I., Benjamin 
F., Rebecca S., Hiram W., Sylvenia S., 
Jno. P., Solomon S., Jacob A. and 
Eli E. Benjamin F., is now Sheriff of 
this county, serving his second term. 
Presbyterian. 

Smith, B., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Smith, W. W., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Snedeker, Elmina ; P. 0. Bellair. 
ville. 

Spaulding, J., far.. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

SPAUL.DINC}, DUDIiEY, far , 
Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born Feb. 
1, 1838, in Jennings Co., Ind.; in 1865, 
came to Appanoose Co.; owns 190 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Sarah H. McGuire Sept. 19, 
1859 ; she was born Oct. 2, 1843, in 
Johnson Co., Ind.; have four children — 
Mary A., Fannie E., Jno. J. and George 
A.; lost two children in infancy. Re- 
publican. 

Spooner, L. W., far.. Sec. 16; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Stewart, A., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Centerville. 
tervillo. 

STICKIiER, WILLIAM E., 
far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born 
Feb. 28, 1820, in Miami Co., Ohio; 
in 1852, came to Appanoose Co.; owns 
265 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. Married Mary J. Delong Nov. 
29, 1838; she was born Dec. 15, 1821, 
in Ross Co., Ohio; died Feb. 27,18.54; 
had six children ; five living — Phebe, 
Levi, Caroline, George and Elizabeth. 

4 



542 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY ; 



John enlisted in 1862 in Co. A, 36th 
Iowa Inf.; died at Helena June 19, 
1863. Second marriage to Nancy 
Thomas March 23, 1855; she was 
born Dec. 13, 1832, in Virginia; now 
deceased ; had fourteen children ; nine 
living — Daniel, Andrew, William, Ann, 
Rebecca, Amanda, Jacob, Samuel and 
Ida. Third marriage to Eva Idleman 
Oct. 11, 1874; she was born in 1822 
in Virginia. Republican ; German 
Baptist ; he has been engaged in preach- 
ing the past twenty-one years. 



Streepy, I. F., far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Center- 

ville. 
"T ^EACH, ADAM, blacksmith, Numa. 

WHITSEL, LAWRENCE, far.. Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Centerville. 
Wertz, B., farmer. Sec. 10 ; P.O. Center- 
ville. 
Wright, J. R., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 
Wyatt, J., farmer, Sec. 5; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 



SHARON TOWNSHIP. 



ALLEN, ASA, farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Centerville. 
Angst, J., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

BRANNON, L A., farmer. Sec. 16; 
P. 0. Centerville. 

BEXGE, SAMrEL., farmer, Sec. 
36; P. 0. Kirkwood; born Oct. 20, 
1826, in Madison Co., Ky. ; when a 
boy, came with his parents to Indiana ; 
in 1841, came to Des Moines Co.; in 
1844, came to Davis Co. ; in 1846, to 
Appanoose Co. ; owns 173 acres land, 
valued at 830 per acre. Married 
Ellinor Caylor Feb. 28, 1851 ; she was 
born in 1822, in Ohio; had three chil- 
dren, two living — Martha J. and Sarah 
E. ; lost Rachael M., aged 1^ years. 
Republican ; Baptist. 

Black, R., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Brown, S. L., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

/^"^ALDWELL, G. H., farmer, Sec. 13 ; 

V^ p. 0. Moulton. 

Clark, J. v., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

Climie, A., far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

Cloud, G., far., S. 21 : P. 0. Centerville. 

COCHRAJf, HARVEY, farmer, 
Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Centerville; born Nov. 
4, 1843, in Van Buren Co. ; when an 
infant, came with his parents to Appa- 
noose Co ; he owns 120 acres land. 
Married Rebecca McCoy Jan. 28, 1866 ; 
she was born in Monroe Co., Ohio ; had 
eight children, six living — Ellen, (Ann 
and Houston are twins), Isabel, George 
and Lillie. Enlisted in 1862, in Co. F, 
17th Iowa V. I. ; served to the end of 
the war ; was a prisoner in Anderson- 



ville six months. Has been Township 
Trustee. M. E. Church ; Republican. 

DEAHL, SILAS, farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 
0. Centerville. 
~ T^VANS, CALEB, farmer. Sec. 25 ; 
_ JJ P. 0. Kirkwood. 
" j^AWCETT, C. A., farmer, S. 28 ; P. 
_ _ Centerville. 

GORDON, W. S., farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. Kirkwood. 
Grimes, J. C, far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Kirk- 
wood. 

HAMILTON, DAVID, Sec. 26; P. 
0. Kirkwood. 
Hamilton, N. R., far.. Sec. 25; P. 0. 

Kirkwood. 
Hamilton, William, Sr., far., Sec. 36 ; P. 

0. Kirkwood. 
Harter, F., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Centerville. 
Hayes, Samuel P., far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 

Centerville. 
Hixenbaugh, Ezra, far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Centiirvillc. 

JOHNSON, A. F., far., Sec. 14 ; P. O. 
Centerville. 
LEWIS, LEVI, far., S. 36; P. 0. 
Kirkwood. 
Longley, L., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

M' cCONNELL, D. M., farmer. Sec. 
. 24 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 
IICCOY, PETER, farmer. Sec. 14 ; 
P. 0. Centerville; born April 17, 1837, 
in Monroe Co., Ohio ; in 1849, came to 
Appanoose Co.; owns 324 acres of land. 
Has been President of the School Board 
and Township Trustee. Married Nancy 
J. Fitzgerald in March, 1860 ; she was 



SHARON TOWNSHIP. 



543 



born in 1840, in Missouri ; have five 
children — Charles, Sarah Ann, Amos, 
Evaline and Edith. 

McCOY, GILBERT, farmer. Sec. 
15; P. 0. Centerville; born March 8, 
1806, in Elizabeth town, Va. ; when a 
child, came with his parents to Monroe 
Co., Ohio ; April 10, 1849, he removed 
to Appanoose Co. He owns 197 acres 
of land which he entered direct from the 
Government. Married Miss Sarah 
Melott April 29, 1832, in Monroe Co., 
Ohio ; she was born Dec. 31, 1806, in 
Pennsylvania; had seven children, six 
living — William, Ann, now Mrs. Booth, 
Peter, Mitchel, Rachel and Rebecca ; 
lost Margaret in 1874, aged 27 years. 
Democrat. 

McCOY, WILLIAM M., farmer, 
Sec. 14; P. 0. Centerville; born Aug. 
25, 1833, in Monroe Co., Ohio; in 
1849, came to Appanoose Co.; owns 
130 acres of land. Has been Justice 
of the Peace about five years; also 
Township Clerk, Assessor and Trust- 
ee. Married Elizabeth Laughton 
March 10, 1859; she was born in 1837 
in Monroe Co., Ohio; died April 2, 
1862 ; have two children — Francis and 
Clark. Second marriage to Alvia 
Walter Oct. 16, 1862 ; she was born in 
1840 in Jackson Co., Ohio ; have one 
child— Ethel. 

Mc CUNE, JAMES B., far., Sec. 27 ; 
P. 0. Centerville. 

McCune, R., far., Sec. 23 ; P 0. Center- 
ville. 

McGee, C, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

McGionis, John, far., Sec. 12; P. 0. 
Kirkwood. 

McGrew, J. F.,far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Kirk- 
wood. 

Mansfield, W., far., S. 15; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Meredith, I., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Mishler, J., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

PARCEL, HENRY D., far., S. 11 ; 
P. 0. Centerville. 

Parcel, I. J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Centerville ; 

Parcel, J. M., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Penninger, Henry, far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Peterson, P., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Pixley, C. L., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Pixley, J. A., far.,S. 4; P.O. Centerville. 



Pixley, William H., far., Sec. 4; P. 0" 
Centerville. 

Porter, C, far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

Powell, J., far. and P. M., Sec. 35 ; P. 
0. Kirkwood. 

Powers, A. D., far.. Sec. 33; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

REYNOLDS, J. C, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Riggs, J., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

Riggs, J. R.,far., S. 25; P. 0. Kirkwood. 

Riggle, Wm., far., S. 1 ; P. O. Kirkwood. 

SALLADAY, A., minister. Sec. 36 ; 
P. O. Kirkwood. 

Seals, Wm., far.,S. 11 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

SHILTS, JACOB, farmer. Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Centerville; born July 2, 1818, 
in Harrison Co., Ohio ; at an early age, 
he was apprenticed to the cabinet and 
carpenter trade ; has followed this busi- 
ness about forty-three years ; Mr. Shilts 
is one of the most honored and highly 
respected citizens of this county, and, 
through strict attention to business, has 
acquired a competency ; he came to this 
county in 1854 ; owns about 600 acres 
of land. Married Miss Hannah Fisher 
in 1838 ; she was born in 1822 in 
Harrison Co., Ohio ; her parents after- 
ward removed to Vinton Co.; they had 
ten children, seven living — Catharine, 
Sarah Jane, George, Margaret, Man- 
dana, Lovina and Levi. Are members 
of the U. B. Church. 

SlIITH, MILTOX, farmer, S. 11 ; 
P. 0. Centerville; born July 15, 1826, 
in Ohio ; in 1866, came to Appanoose 
Co.; owns 140 acres of land. In March, 
1865, he married Mrs. Martha Allen, 
daughter of Reuben Hawk ; she was 
born Feb. 6, 1837, in Ohio ; her first 
marriage was to Asa Allen Aug. 16, 
1855 ; he was born Dec. 2, 1831. En- 
listed in November, 1861, in Co. F, 53d 
Ohio V. I. ; died at Memphis Aug. 2, 
1862. She has one child by first marriage 
— Eli Allen ; lost Joel N. in infancy. 

Sparks, D., Sr., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Staley, Jas., saw-mill, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Kirk- 
wood. 
THOMAN, LEVI, far.. Sec. 36; 
P. 0. Kirkwood ; born Oct. 5, 1848, 
in Indiana; in 1858, came to Appanoose 
Co. with his parents ; has been a res- 
ident of this county since, with the ex- 
ception of seven years spent in Kansas ; 



544 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



he owns 175 acres of land, valued at 
$25 per acre.. Married Lucy J. Thomas 
Jan. 25, 1869 ; she was born Nov. 15, 
1852, in Appanoose Co; have four chil- 
dren— Ida B., E. W., D. E. and L. M. 
M. E. Church. 
THOMAS, R. J., farmer, Sec. 14 ; 
P. 0. Centerville ; born June 13, 1822, 
in Wales; in 1831, came to Pittsburgh, 
Penn. ; remained there till 1872, when 
he removed to Appanoose Co. ; they 
own 240 acres of land. Married 
Evaline, daughter of Cornelius Delavan, 
of New Jersey, Feb. 20, 1845 ; she was 
born in December, 1825, in Ohio ; have 
seven children — Maria, Minerva, Har- 
rison P., Evaline C, George D., Reu- 
ben M. and Lillie B. Republican ; 
Presbyterian. 

YA^ DIKE, MARTIN, far , 
Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born July 
24, 1841, in Boone Co., Mo. ; in 1848, 
came to Appanoose Co.; owns eighty 
acres of land. Enlisted in 1862, in Co. K, 
1st M. S. M. ; served six months. 
Married Rachel McCoy in 1869; she 
was born in 1843, in Ohio ; have two 
children — Matilda and Julia. Democrat- 



WHITE, R., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Walters, G., far. , Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Wright, T., far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Kirk wood. 

WRIGHT, JOHN C, farmer, Sec. 
10; P. 0. Centerville; born May 16, 
1811, in Greene Co., Penn.; when an 
infant, came to Monroe Co. with his 
parents; in 1847, came to Appanoose 
Co., he being one of the oldest settlers 
of this county ; owns 124 acres land, 
valued at $25 per acre. Married Mar- 
garet McElroy in 1833 ; she was born 
in 1816, in Ohio; died in 1845 ; they 
had five children, three living — Melissa, 
William and Reuben. Second marriage 
to Lucinda McElroy in 1 845 ; she was 
born July 9, 1827, died July 24, 1862, 
in Iowa ; have four children — Isaiah, 
Milton, Sarah and Elizabeth. Third 
marriage to 'Mrs. Elizabeth Cochran 
March 8, 1863 ; she was born Sept. 9, 
1816, in Hamilton Co., Ohio ; she came 
to this county with her husband in 
1845 ; he died Sept. 30, 1855, in this 
township. Democrat. 

ZELLERS, JOHN, far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. Centerville. 



CHARITON TOWNSHIP. 



ALBERT, S. W., watchmaker; P. 0. 
Iconium. 

Argo, Alex, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

ARGO, W. H., farmer. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Iconium ; born in Pickaway Co., Ohio, 
in 1826. He is a descendant of John 
Argo, who came from France in an 
early day and fought in the Revolution- 
ary war; lived to be 105 years old. 
Mr. Argo came to this county in 1855 ; 
owns 405 acres of land, valued at $8,000. 
He has held the office of Justice of the 
Peace, and school offices. Married Sarah 
Hoover in Ohio in 1852 ; she was born 
in Ohio in 1832 ; had nine children, 
eight are living — A. J., G. F., Susan J., 
James H., Mary, Minnie, W. L. (de- 
ceased), Sarah Emma, and baby not 
named. Members of the M. E. Church ; 
Greenbacker. 

BARTLETT, WILLIAM, farmer. Sec. 
30 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 



Beach, Irif, far., Sec. 14; P. 0. Moravia. 

Beer, J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 

Best, A. J., far., S. 21 ; P. O.Walnut City. 

Best, J. W., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

Bohm, John, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Boyer, E., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Boyer, 8. G., far.. Sec. 25; P. 0. Moravia. 

Breese, Oliver, far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Bressler, S., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Breese, T., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

BROSHAR, L., far.. Sec. 13; P. 0. 
Moravia ; born in Ripley Co., Ind., Aug. 
10, 1841 ; his ancestors were residents 
of that State since the year 1800, in 
which his grandfather, Edward, settled 
in Switzerland Co., from Washington 
Co., Penn.; there his father, Zacharias, 
was born Oct. 12, 1804, and was one of 
the first white children born in that 
county. At the age of 25, went to Rip- 
ley Co., Ind., and married Misa Mary 



CHARITON TOWNSHIP. 



545 



Lineback ; she was born in Ohio in 
1810; in 1855, they came to this county, 
where she died in 1862, leaving five 
children ; all settled in this county. L. 
Broshar was 14 years of age when they 
settled in this township ; he engaged in 
farming by renting, until 1862, then he 
purchased his first real estate — twenty 
acres of land ; has added until he owns 
ninety acres of well-improved and pro- 
ductive land, valued at $30 per acre. In 
1862, he enlisted in the 36th I. V. I., 
Co. F ; was at Helena, Little Rock, 
Elkins' Ford, Jenkins' Ferry ; at the 
latter place was wounded ; furloughed 
for three months, and was promoted to 
Fifth Sergeant, afterward to First Ser- 
geant, and as such was mustered out at 
Duvall's Bluff Aug. 24, 1865. Feb. 
28, 1866, married Miss Mary E. Claar ; 
born in Jackson Co., Ohio, in 1844 ; 
daughter of Joseph and Margaret C; 
farmer ; her father is still a resident of 
that county ; her mother died in 1851 ; 
they have four children — Albert E.,born 
Jan. 30, 1868; Cora M., Aug. 16, 
1869 ; Harvey a., Nov. 1, 1871 ; Pearl 
C, June 7, 1876. Master and Secre- 
tary of Grange and Secretary of Coun- 
cil. Republican. Has held the ofiices 
of Township Trustee and Clerk, Assess- 
or and school ofiices. 

Brown, E., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Brown, I. M., far., See. 9 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

BREE^, OL.IVER, farmer, Sec 4 ; 
P. 0. Iconium ; born in Franklin Co., 
Ind., 1830 ; his grandfather Brees was 
a Revolutionary soldier ; born in Penn- 
slyvania ; afterward a very early settler 
of Iowa, where he purchased land of 
the Black Hawk Purchase ; died in Lee 
Co. when 95 years of age. The father 
of Mr. Brees was born in Pennsylvania ; 
came to Lee Co., near West Point, in 
1851, from Preble Co., Ohio ; in 1858, 
came to this township, where he died 
in 1872 at the age of 64. His mother 
was a native of New York ; her father 
served in the war of 1812 ; was an early 
settler in Franklin Co., Ind.; in 1857, 
went to Kansas which he helped to make 
a free State ; engaged in milling, and 
participated in the struggles of the Bor- 
der States ; in 1860, went to Iowa. In 

/ 1861, enlisted in 3d Iowa Cavalry, Co. 
I ; employed mostly in skirmishing; vet- 



eranized in 1863, and went out with 
Gen. Sturgis' Regiment, near Ripley, 
Miss. ; lost everything; were taken 
prisoners and marched double-quick for 
twenty-five miles, the more severe as be- 
ing cavalry were accustomed to ride, 
with no provisions ; ninety of them 
were thrown into a hog-car and kept for 
seven days on theroad to Andersonville; 
there they were fed on one and a half 
pint of meal, or one pint of mush per 
day, with occasionally a little fly-blown 
meat, all brought to the prison on the 
same carts on which the dead were taken 
away ; they were constantly trying to 
escape; they dug 150 tunnels for that 
purpose, but few succeeded in escaping ; 
many became so disheartened that they 
would go into the "dead lines," knowing 
that they would be shot immediately. 
Mr. Brees was held with 35,000 other 
Union men with thirteen pieces of artil- 
lery bearing on them all the time until 
Oct. 1 ; the terrible experience turned 
his hair and beard gray in that time ; 
then, they were taken to Savannah 
prison ; thence to Millen, Ga, Nov. 
22 ; returning to Savannah, there they 
were fed like hogs by the negroes throw- 
ing provisions over the fence ; were pa- 
roled, and while passing through the 
streets of Savannah the negroes would 
drop corn-dodgers and sweet-potatoes, 
which the poor fellows eagerly picked 
up ; taken by steamer to Annapolis, 
Md., they received two months' pay and 
came home for twenty days ; then re- 
turned to St. Louis ; thence to Nashville ; 
rejoined his regiment at Atlanta, Ga. ; 
two months after was mustered out ; ar- 
rived at his home August, 1865. The 
following winter, married Miss Edna 
Nicholson, daughter of James N., of 
Monroe Co., Iowa; she was born in 
Washington Co., Ind., 1839. He en- 
gaged in farming, having purchased 
forty acres during the war, to which he 
has since added fifty acres, all valued at 
820 per acre; they have two c\\ildren — 
Blanche, born in 1874 ; Edgar born in 
1876. Republican ; members of M. E. 
Church. 
Burns, Riley, blacksmith, Iconium" 
f^AIN, LAWREXCE B.,far., 
\y S. 13; P. 0. Moravia; born in 
Jefferson Co., Ohio, in 1817 ; son 



546 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Walter Cain, Jr., born in Brooke Co., 
Va., Nov. 4, 1790 ; when Walter C, 
Jr., was married, his father gave him a 
a farm in JeiFerson Co., Ohio, where 
they settled; June 10, 1813, he mar- 
ried Miss Annie Naylor, born in Mary- 
land in 1796, daughter of Samuel N., 
who was born Sept. 22, 1771 ; her 
mother, Rebecca Peregoy, was born 
April 22, 1772 ; they were married 
Jan. 15, 1795; were early settlers of 
Jefierson Co., Ohio, where he died 
March 7, 1847, at the age of 76 ; she 
died Jan. 28, 1852, being 80 years of 
age. At the age of 18, Lawrence 
went to Smithfield, Ohio, and learned the 
cabinet-maker's trade ; at the death of 
his father, in February, 1831, he re- 
turned home, and remained until 34 
years of age. Feb. 13, 1851, he mar- 
ried Miss Sarah M. Smith, born in Mor- 
gan Co., Ohio, Aug. 15, 1833, daugh- 
ter of Job G. and Elizabeth Smith (nee 
Sullivan), of that county, from Harrison 
Co., Ohio. Removed to Linn Co., Iowa, 
in 1855 ; in 1856, to this county, where 
she now resides, in Walnut Township ; 
he died in May, 1873; Lawrence and 
his wife remained in Morgan Co., farm- 
ing his mother's farm, until March, 
1855, when they came to Linn Co., 
Iowa, where he had entered land ; one 
year and a half after, removed to this 
county, and settled upon the farm he 
now owns, of 100 acres, valued at $30 
per acre. Had six children ; three are 
living— Job P., born March 26, 1852 ; 
Wilimina J., born Sept. 3, 1854; Wal- 
ter P., Jr., born April 21, 1857 ; died 
Sept. 30, 1858; Samuel K., born April 
24, 1860, died Feb. 28, 1861 ; Rosien- 
na L., born Oct. 21, 1863; Elizabeth 
S., born Oct. 25, 1866, died Sept. 23, 
1868. Members of the M. E. Church- 
he, since Oct. 21, 1852 ; she, since Aug. 
10, 1844; Mr. Cain has been Class- 
leader of that Church for four years, and 
Licensed Exhorter for three years ; at the 
time of his coming to Appanoose Co., 
there was no church of that denomination 
in this vicinity; in 1858, he secured a 
minister, Jacob Delay, and organized a 
church in his township, which has since 
continued with regular service, and now 
numbers thirty or more members. Re- 
publican. He has held school offices, etc. 



COUL.SON, J. J., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 
0. Moravia; born in JeiFerson Co., 
Tenn., in 1839 ; son of William Coul- 
son, born in Blount Co., Tenn., in 1810 ; 
married Margaret Slater, a resident of 
Knox Co., Tenn.; when J. J. was 12 
years of age, they removed to this 
county, and settled in Taylor Tp., where 
his mother died, in 1853 ; his father 
married again, and still resides there ; J. 
J. remained at home until of age ; re- 
ceived a good common school education ; 
has been engaged in farming and teach- 
ing for eighteen years, alternately teach- 
ing in winter and farming in summer. 
In 1865, married Miss Chloe J. Ho- 
bert, daughter of Lemuel and Agnes 
Hobert, residents of this county, from 
Pennsylvania, since deceased — he, in 
1858 ; she, in 1876 ; they have six 
children — Florence A., Martha A., 
Willie F., Enos E., Eva and Charles 
M. Greenbacker ; members of the 
Christian Church. Has held the offices of 
Township Trustee and Assessor. 
~ ESSINGER, REV., Iconium. 



D" 



DIXON, RILEY, farmer, Sec. 19 ; 
P. 0. Walnut City ; born in Ross Co., 
Ohio, Dec. 3, 1816 ; he married Nancy 
Jane Thompson in Ross Co., Ohio, Nov. 
14, 1847 ; she was born in Pennsyl- 
vania in 1826 ; they have six children 
— Thomas Levi, George Washington, 
Mary Ellen, John Riley, William and 
Elizabeth Jane ; has 90 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. He came to 
this State in 1856, settled first in Mon- 
roe Co. ; he has a good farm which he 
made by his energy ; Mrs. Dixon's 
father, Thos. Thompson, was a soldier in 
the Revolutionary war, was wounded 
with a spear ; his father died with the 
cholera in Ohio. Republican. 

Dodge, E., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Doggett, A. H., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

DYKES, NATHANIEL, former, 
Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Walnut City ; born Dec. 
26, 1843, in Greene Co., Tenn.; in 
1845, his father, James, native of same 
county, removed to this county, settled 
in this township, where he died in 1854 ; 
his mother, Mary, (nee Brannon), of 
Irish descent, born in that county, died 
in 1863. At the age of 17, Nathaniel 
enlisted in Co. M, 3d Iowa V. C. ; was 



CHARITON TOWNSHIP. 



547 



at Pea Ridge, and engaged in skirmish- 
ing and scouting for one year ; mustered 
out at St. Louis, in June, 1862. March 
18, 1863, married Miss Mary Bartlett, 
born in Davis Co., Iowa., in 1842, died 
Feb. 16, 1866; he then married Miss 
Cynthia A. Stark, born in this county 
Jan. 11, 1858, daughter of Wm. N. 
and Nancy J. D., (nee Baker), early set- 
tlers of this county, from Indiana. They 
have two children — Mary E., born in 
May, 1876 ; Martha A., Dec. 19, 1877 ; 
fall of 1868, he purchased 40 acres of 
land, to which he has added 206, a total 
of 246 acres, valued at $20 per acre. 
Democrat. 

ELSWICK, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. Iconium. 
Evans, James, physician, Iconium. 

FLENER, WILLIAM, flirmer. Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Foster, Elihu, far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Wal- 
nut City. 

FREE, JOHN, flirmer and stock- 
grower, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Iconium ; born 
in Randolph Co., N. C, in 1830 ; his 
parents, Wm. and Sarah, both natives 
of that county, and married there, were 
farmers ; in 1835, emigrated to Hen- 
dricks Co., Ind. ; his father died two 
years after ; his mother lived with her 
children until 1852, when she died; 
soon after, John came to this county 
with but a horse, saddle and bridle, now 
owns 884 acres, valued at $20 per acre. 
In 1854, married Miss Harriet E. 
Sheeks, daughter of Samuel S., a res- 
ident of this county since 1850, from 
Lawrence Co., Ind., where she was born 
in 1835. They have eight children — 
Henrietta C, Cora M., Ida M., William 
H., Sarah P., Ira H., Matilda E. and 
John I. Mrs. Free is a member of the 
Christian Church. He has held the office 
of Township Trustee and several other 
offices. He enlisted in 1862 in Co. F, 
36th Iowa V. I. ; was at Helena, Little 
Missouri, Prairie de Ann, Mark's Mill, 
there captured and taken to Tyler, Tex., 
for nine months ; thence, after being 
exchanged, to the mouth of Red River ; 
thence to New Orleans, and home for 
thirty days, and returned to his regiment 
at St. Charles in 1865 ; mustered out in 
September, 1865, at Duvall's Bluff. 

Funkheauser, Daniel, retired farmer. 



Funkhouser, G. H., far., S. 16; P. 0. 

Iconium. 
Funkhouser, John, far., S. 3; P. 0. 

Iconium. 
r^ ILLIS, ALBERT, farmer. Sec. 24 ; 
VX P. 0. Moravia. 

GI.ADFEI.TER, WILMAIfl, 

farmer and stock-grower. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Moravia ; born in York Co., Penn., in 
1809 ; at the age of 18, with his father, 
Casper G., native of the same county, 
removed to Guernsey Co., Ohio ; his 
mother, Mary, (nee Amig), was also born 
in York Co.; she died three years after 
their arrival in Guernsey Co.; his father 
remained there until his death. At the 
age of 22, he learned the carpenter's 
trade, at which he worked for twenty 
years. In 1834, Married Miss Mary 
Cline, from Shenandoah Co., Va., in 
1813, daughter of John Cline who was 
bora in Virginia in 1761 ; a blacksmith 
by trade ; removed to Guernsey Co., 
Ohio, with his family in 1818, where he 
died in 1841 ; her mother, Catharine G., 
nee Black, was born in Virginia in 1771 ; 
they were married in 1794 ; she died in 
Guernsey Co., Ohio, in 1847. In 1853, 
came to this county and settled on the 
farm he now owns, consisting of 277 
acres, valued at $25 per acre. They have 
five children — Lydia A., George, John 
C, Susan and Thomas. Republican ; 

. members of the M. E. Church. Held 
the office of Township Trustee in Ohio, 
member of the Sons of Temperance. 

ORAHAII, J. S., farmer and black- 
smith. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Iconium ; born 
in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, in 1834 ; eon 
of Benjamin Graham, a farmer, born in 
Canada, fifteen miles from Niagara Falls, 
in 1808 ; settled in Ohio in 1824; re- 
moved to Lee Co., Iowa, where he now 
resides ; his mother, Mary (nee Large), 
was born in Pennsylvania in 1811 ; they 
were married in that State, near the 
Ohio line, in 1830; came to Lee Co., 
where she died in 1841 ; his father 
again married, and is still a resident of 
Lee Co. In 1856, J. S. married Miss 
Maria Denover ; born in Guernsey Co., 
0., in June, 1836 ; daughter of J. W. 
and Elizabeth D., of Lee Co., Iowa ; 
she died in May, 1862, leaving two 
children — James H., born in May, 1858, 
died in 1873 ; James A., born May 2, 



548 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY ; 



1862 ; he married Miss Hannah M. 
McKerr, daughter of John and C. C. 
McK.; she was born in Henry Co., Iowa, 
in 1846; have two children — John W., 
born in 1865 ; Gillie G., born in 1874. 
Soon after first marriage, they came to 
this county, where he now owns 132 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre ; 
in 1864, was drafted and, with others, 
participated at Nashville, Kingston and 
in following Hood through Georgia and 
Alabama, thence by water to Goldsboro, 
N. C, where they joined the 13th Iowa 
Infantry, and were mustered out at 
Louisville July 22, 1865. Greenback; 
members of the Christian Church. He 
holds the office of Tp. Trustee. 

HALE, WM., far., Sec. 5; P. 0. 
Iconium. 

Hall, A. P., harness-maker, Iconium. 

HAVER, (,}EORG£ R., farmer, 
Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Iconium ; born in Greene 
Co., Penn., in 1833 ; son of John and 
Jane H. (nee Rex), also natives and still 
residents of that county. At the age 
of 22, he married Miss Anna S. Neal, 
daughter of Barnet Neal, now a resident 
of Johns Tp.; soon after, came to Logan 
Co., 111.; in 1857, came to this county, 
where he now owns 1 74 acres of land, val- 
ued at $20 per acre. They have six 
children — Wm. N., born in 1857; Jane 
R., born in 1859 ; Martha, born in 
1861 ; George B., born in 1863 ; John- 
C, born in 1869 ; Eldred, born in 1872. 
Republican. Has held the offices of Tp. 
Trustee, Constable and school offices. 
Enlisted in the 36th I. V. I., Co. F, 
in August, 1862 ; participated at Helena. 
Mark's Mill, Prairie de Ann and others; 
in 1865, was mustered out at Duvall's 
Bluff. 

HAVER, HIRAM, far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 
0. Iconium ; born in Greene Co., Penn., 
in 1844; his father, John H., born in 
same county in 1810, and his mother, 
Jane H. (nee Rex), born there in 1820. 
At the age of 18, Hiram enlisted in 
the 85th Penn. V. I., Co. D, Capt. 
Horn, in October, 1861 ; participated 
at Fair Oaks, Williamsburg, Southwest 
Creek, Ft. Wagner, Morris Island and 
others, twenty-seven in all ; mustered 
out at Pittsburgh, Penn., in 1864. En- 
gaged in farming. In March, 1866, he 
married Miss Hannah Rush ; she was 



I born in same county in 1846 ; they have 

five children — Charlotte J., born in 

June, 1867 ; Emma L., April 5, 1869; 
j Annie B., May-7, 1871 ; Mary E., Oct. 

11, 1873; Georgie F., in May, 1875. 

Republican. 
Hazelwood, G. C.,far., S. 8; P. 0. Iconium. 
Hazelwood, J. G., far., S. 8; P. 0. Iconium. 
Hickenbottom, E., far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 

Walnut City. 
Hinebaugh, Z., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Iconium. 
Hiner, D. F., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Iconium. 
Hiner, F., far.. Sec. 16; P. 0. Iconium. 
Hixbn, S., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 
HoUingsworth, A. G., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 

Walnut City. 
HoUingsworth, J., far., Sec. 22; P. 0. 

Walnut City. 
HoUingsworth, J. B., far., Sec. 28 ; P. O. 

Walnut City. 
HoUingsworth, W. 0., far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 

Walnut City. 

JOHNSON, R. K., farmer, S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

K ASTER, R., farmer, Sec. 14; P. 0. 
Iconium. 
Kinneman, D., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Walnut 

City. 
Knapp, J., far., S. 20 ; P. O. Walnut City. 

LONG, S. Y., farmer. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 
Long, T., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 
"]V yT"cCLOUD, ALEX., retired farmer. 

McCloud, N., far., S. 13; P. 0. Moravia. 

McD A]^EIi, XATHANIEIi, far- 
mer. Sec. 12; P. 0. Moravia ; born 
in Beaver Co., Penn., in 1829 ; received 
a common-school education ; in 1849, 
went to Ripley Co., Ind., where he was 
employed by the month farming ; in 
1853, returned to Ohio, Ashland Co., 
and married Miss Louisa Keller, daugh- 
ter of Henry and Mary Keller (nee Kring); 
in 1855 returned to Indiana ; in the fall 
of 1856, came to this county and settled 
on the section where he now owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Have seven children— Abram H., Dean 
R., Charles G., Mahlon E., Johnnie, 
Lilian C. and Harriet. Democrat ; 
members of the Christian Church. Has 
held office of Township Trustee and 
school offices ; Constable. 

McDAXEIi, RYIIAIV, far.. Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Moravia ; son of William 



CHARITON TOWNSHIP. 



549 



McD., who was born in Pennsylvania in 
1827, and, at the age of 15, with his 
parents, he came to Indiana. Married 
Miss Julia A. Sweezy, whose parents 
were early settlers of Indiana. Ryman 
McD., was born in 1851 ; in 1855, they 
moved to this county and settled where 
they now reside. At the age of 19, he 
married Miss Nancy Stephens, who was 
born in Indiana in 1847 ; daughter, of 
Clark Stephens, a resident of this town- 
ship, and later of Adams Co.; after his 
marriage, remained on his father's farm 
for four years; in 1874, purchased the 
farm where he now resides, and owns 
120 acres, valued at S20 per acre. Have 
three children — Willie, born in 1871 ; 
Artie, born in 1873; Claud, born in 
1875. G-reenbacker. Has held the office 
of Township Assessor ; lately elected 
Constable. 

McDaniel, Wm., far., Sec. 24; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

McKERN, CAROIilNE C, far., 

Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Iconium ; daughter of 
Jabez and Mary Van Dorn, early settlers 
of Henry Co., Iowa, from Decatur Co., 
Ind. In 1841, she married Mr. J. 
McKern, Sr., who was born in Ripley 
Co., Ind., 1819 ; with his parents came 
to Henry Co., in 1889, and settled near 
Mt. Pleasant, then consisting of one log 
store and cabin ; in 1856, came to Ap- 
panoose and settled on the section where 
she, with her son, J. McK., Jr., now 
resides, and owns 142 acres of land, val- 
ued at $25 per acre. In 1863, Mr. 
McKern enlisted in the 8th I. V. C, 
as private; was soon appointed Veteri- 
nary Surgeon ; Aug. 30, 1864, he, with 
the regiment, was taken prisoner and 
held at Andersonville for a time, then 
taken to Goldsboro, where he died Feb. 
21, 1864, in his 45th year. Their son, 
J. McK., Jr., was boru in Henry Co., 
Iowa, in 1845 ; came to Appanoose 
with his parents and has always remained 
on the home farm ; never passed three 
weeks away from home. In September, 
1872, he married Miss Jane Ford, 
daughter of Jacob and Catharine Ford, 
formerly of this county, now of Nebraska ; 
they came to this county from Vermil- 
ion Co., Ind., in 1853 ; she was born in 
that county in 1842. 
McKern, E.,far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Iconium. 



McKern, J., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Maiken, A. D., far.. Sec. 6 ; P.O. Iconium. 

Maiken, D., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Main, F. M., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

MAIN, J. W., farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Iconium ; of German descent ; his 
grandfather, Daniel Main, born in Ger- 
many, was a very early settler of Vir- 
ginia ; when he went there, it was neces- 
sary for the colonists to dwell in forts 
for mutual protection against the Indians, 
near Wheeling,W. Va. ; J. W.'s father, 
Dennis Main, was born in the year 1800 ; 
when 22 years of age, his father removed 
to Monroe Co., Ohio, Jackson Tp., where 
they were again early settlers. In 1820, 
he married Miss Elizabeth Funkhauser, 
born in Beaver Co., Penn., 1802, daugh- 
ter of Jacob and Nancy F., afterward 
residents of Ripley Co., Ind., where 
they died in 1845 ; their first child — J. 
W., was born in 182,1 ; in 1826, they 
removed to Highland Co., Ohio; re- 
mained two and a half years ; thence to 
Ripley Co., Ind., and cleared a heavily 
timbered farm. In 1844, J. W. mar- 
ried Miss Sarah Thackery, daughter of 
John and Tabitha T. ; she was born in 
Union Co., Ind., 1828, where her par- 
ents settled from New York ; soon after 
which he engaged in farming, still re- 
taining a residence in Ripley Co., until 
1855, when they removed to Appanoose, 
where they still reside. He owns 240 
acres of well-improved and well-culti- 
vated land, valued at $25 per acre ; they 
have twelve children — Frances M., Rosa 
R., Melissa, Annabel and Arrable, Mary 
E., Milo F., Lyman C, Lewis C, 
Charles M., Fanny A., Noble J. Re- 
publican. Held the office of Township 
Trustee, school offices, etc. Mr. and 
Mrs. Main, their eldest son and all their 
daughters are members of U. B. Church. 
He enlisted in Co. G,46th Iowa Infantry, 
May, 1864, 100-days service, was de- 
tailed for guard duty in which capacity 
he served until mustered out at Daven- 
port, Iowa, September, 1864. 
MAIN, LEWIS, JR., farmer. Sec. 
12 ; P. 0. Moravia ; born in Monroe 
Co., Ohio, August, 1830. When four 
years of age, his father, Lewis, Sr., re- 
moved to Ripley Co., Ind., cleared a 
farm and wore it out ; came to Appa- 
noose in 1855, and settled where lie 



550 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



now resides, in Taylor Tp.; his mother, 
Elizabeth (nee Fuiikhouser), was born in 
Pennsylvania in 1802, and died in this 
county in 1867. In 1851, in Ripley 
Co., Tnd., Lewis Main married Miss 
Mary E. Brosher ; born in Indiana in 
1833 ; in the fall of 1855, came to this 
county, where he first purchased 110 
acres, now owns 323 acres, valued at 
$20 per acre ; have eight children — 
Alice J., John E., Zacharias L., Levi M., 
Mary E., Reuben F., Flora E. and Ludo- 
cia E. Republican. Holds the office of 
School Director. Enlisted in the 36th 
Iowa V. I., Co. F., Aug. 9, 1862; was 
at Shell Mound, Helena, Mark's Mill, 
Prairie de Ann, Little Rock,Elkins' Ford, 
Jenkins' Ford, Spring Mound and 
others ; mustered out at Duvall's Bluff, 
August, 1865. 

Main, L., for., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 

Murphy, W., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

MUSGRAVE, SIMON, farmer, 
Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Moravia ; born in Lanca- 
shire, Eng., in 1819 ; in 1820, his 
parents, James and Winifred M., emi- 
grated to America, landed in Philadel- 
phia August 20, settled in Beaver Co., 
Penn., on a farm but little improved, 
and remained for twenty-eight years ; in 
1848, removed to Scioto Co., Ohio, 
thence to Pike Co., where his father 
died in 1874 at the advanced age of 
84 years ; his mother, whose maiden 
name was Clayworth, was born in 
Lancashire in 1791 ; still lives in 
Pike Co. Simon remained at home, had 
very little schooling, and in July, 1849, 
married Miss Margaret McKee, born 
near London, Eng., in 1829 ; daughter 
of Thomas and Mary McKee, who emi- 
grated to this country the year of her 
birth. He was a silk-weaver ; followed 
his trade at Fallstown, Penn. ; moved 
to Pike Co., where he died in 1856 ; 
moved to Scioto Co., Ohio, where they 
lived for fourteen years ; in 1867, came 
to this county where he owns 110 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre. Have 
six children — Mary E., Jemima J., 
James M., Caroline M., Sarah A. and 
Reuben. Republican ; members of the 
M. E. Church. Mr. McKee served 
two years in the State Militia ; enlisted 
June 27, 1863. 

Moyers, A., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Iconium. 



IVTASH, NOAH, far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 

JJN Walnut City. 

NEW BY, J. HENRY, farmer, 
Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Iconium ; born in Henry 
Co., Ind., in 1849 ; his fiither, Abner 
N., born in North Carolina, 1819, a 
farmer; came to Henry Co., Ind., where 
he married Miss Elizabeth Hosier, a 
native of that county ; removed to Lee 
Co., Iowa, where he became an extensive 
farmer. J. H. acquired a good common 
school education. At the age of 23 
married Miss Judith Binford, daughter 
of Binford and Ann B., residents of 
Lee Co., Iowa, from Indiana ; she was 
born in Lee Co., Iowa, 1851 ; in 1872, 
came to this county, where he owns 160 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; 
have three children — Stella, born in 
1872; Clyde, born in 1876; Clem, 
born in 1877. Rejmblican ; Mrs. New- 
by is a member of the Friends' Society. 

NEWBY, T.C., farmer, Sec. 3; P.O. 
Iconium ; born in Heury Co., Ind., in 
1847 ; sou of Abner Newby, who was 
born in North Carolina, 1817, and with 
his father, Thomas N., came to Henry 
Co., Ind., when 8 years of age ; at 25 
years of age, married Miss Elizabeth 
Hosier, a native of Henry Co., Ind., in 
1825 ; in 1852, moved to Lee Co., Iowa, 
and settled near West Point, where they 
now reside. T. C. remained at home 
until Nov. 30, 1869, when he married 
Miss Maggie Hutchinson, daughter of 
Amos H., a resident of Henry Co., Iowa ; 
he was from Hamilton Co., Ohio, 1839 ; 
born in New Jersey in 1816. Married 
Miss Julia A. Shannon, 1838; born in 
Fayette Co., Penn., in 1818 ; soon after 
marriage, T. C. came to this county, and 
settled on the section which he now oc- 
cupies and owns 185 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre ; they have four 
children — Osa and Ola, born Sept. 10, 
1872 ; Bertie B., born Nov. 22, 1874; 
George Ira, born April 23, 1877. En- 
listed in 45th Iowa Infantry, Co. K, 
Captain Anderson, March, 1861 ; served 
100 days doing guard duty, and mus- 
tered out October, 1864. Grreenbacker. 

Nowles, J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

O WINGS, W. H., far.. Sec. 29; 
P. 0. Walnut City ; born in West 
Virginia in 1838 ; his father, Asa 
Owings, native of that State, came to 



CHARITON TOWNSHIP. 



551 



Appanoose Co. in 1868 ; in October, 
1878, he returned to Virginia. In 
1858, W. H. married Miss Sally A. 
Cassady ; she was born in Washington 
Co., Penn., in 1841 ; in 1857, the fami- 
ly moved to Hancock Co., W. Va., where- 
her father died in June of the present 
year ; worked on his father's farm until 
March, 1868 ; came with his father to 
this county, where he now owns 248 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre ; 
has three children — Lila M., born in 
May, 1864 ; Minnie R., born in October, 
1865; Olive, born in March, 1876. 
Democrat ; members of the Christian 
Church. 

PALMER, J. A., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Iconium. 

Potts, A. W., far.. S. 2 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

POWEIil., J. T., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Iconium ; born in Washington Co., 
Penn., in 1845 ; his father was then en- 
gaged in the dry goods business at 
Frederickton ; his father (J. T.'s grand- 
father), having died when he was a 
small boy, he went to live with his uncle, 
then dealing in dry goods ; was first en- 
gaged in clerking; when 18 years of 
age, purchased the goods and engaged 
in business for several years. During 
the year 1833, he married Miss Catharine 
Fleming ; she was born in Fayette Co., 
Penn., in 1817 ; daughter of Robert 
Fleming, of that county, a farmer. He 
continued business there until 1855, 
when he went to California with $500 
worth of tea, a portion of which he 
sold at $5 per pound ; engaged in min- 
ing for two years, after which he re- 
turned and resumed business; contin- 
ued until 1859, then went to Iowa, 
where he purchased large tracts of land 
in Jefferson and Wapello Cos., and 
property in Moravia; during 1860, he 
removed to Moravia ; in 1864, with his 
family, went to California — to Nashville, 
Eldorado Co. — where he engaged in 
shipping goods to Salt Lake City ; re- 
mained three years ; returned to 
Moravia; in 1872, moved to Lucas Co.; 
in 1875, again returned to California, 
and engaged in farming ; in July, 
1878, returned to Lucas Co., Iowa, 
when he settled in Russell, and en- 
gaged in the drug business. J. T. 
remained with his father until 23 



years of age. Soon after his re- 
turn from California, he married Miss 
Maggie Reynolds, daughter of Alick 
Reynolds, of this county ; she was born 
in Mercer Co., 111., Dec. 3, 1846; her 
parents settled there from Wayne Co., 
in 1842 ; her father was born in New 
Jersey, in 1818 ; from Illinois they re- 
moved to this county in 1849 ; now res- 
idents of Taylor Tp.; after marriage, 
J. T. and wife engaged in farming in 
Monroe Co., until 1869 ; then came to 
Iconium, where he engaged in the drug 
and grocery business with Dr. Reynolds, 
now of Centerville ; in 1871, after a 
trip to Nevada, they purchased a farm, 
east of Iconium; in 1876, sold out, and 
took another tour to California, only to 
remain a short time, after which he pur- 
chased the farm on which he now lives, 
containing eighty-four acres, valued at 
$35 per acre. They have one child — 
Anna Viola, born in 1868. Republican. 
PUTNAM, J. A., farmer and stock- 
grower. Sec. 1 ; P. O. Moravia ; of the 
old Connecticut stock of Putnams, de- 
scendant of Israel Putnam ; his grand- 
father a commissioned officer during the 
Revolutionary war, afterward settled on 
the Connecticut River at Charleston ; 
between there and Springfield, he ran 
the ferry-boat until the Cheshire bridge 
was built ; he afterward removed to 
Springfield, where J. A.'s father was 
born in 1811 ; removed to Montpelier, 
remained until his death, April 9, 1849, 
aged 84 years ; his wife was born in 
Unity, N. H., in 1782 ; after the death 
of her husband, she married again and 
removed to East Montpelier, where she 
died Feb. 2, 1852. J. G. Putnam, the 
father of J. A., was born in Springfield, 
Vt., Feb. 3, 1811 ; when 7 years of age, 
his parents removed to Montpelier, 
where he lived on one farm for fifty 
years ; learned the trade of carpenter 
and millwrighting, which he followed in 
that vicinity. June 7, 1833, married 
Miss Thankful B. Putnam, born in the 
same county Jan. 8,1808; daughter of 
Abraham Putnam, of Springfield, Vt.; 
her father was born at Charleston, N. 
H. (or what was known as No. 4 at the 
time of the French and Indian war), in 
1783, died June 8, 1858 ; her mother, 
Sarah (nee Gill) born at Springfield, Vt., 



552 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



ia 1784, married thei'e in 1806, and 
died in the same city March 8, 1869. 
J. Gr. learned the millwright trade, 
worked at the millwright trade for 
twenty years, until they came to Appa- 
noose, where they now reside with their 
son, the subject of this sketch. J. A., 
having learned his father's trade of mill- 
wright, followed the occupation in the 
Middle and Western States and Lower 
Canada extensively for twelve years, 
after which he engaged in farming. In 

1867, married Miss Anna Briggs, a na- 
tive of Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., 
daughter of Galen Briggs, of that county, 
from Massachusetts, whose grandfather 
was formerly Governor of that State ; 
Galen Briggs died in Tioga Co., at the 
age of 43 ; Mrs. Briggs, whose maiden 
name was Sarah Waite, is now a resident 
of Colorado. In 1861, Mr. J. A. Put- 
nam was engaged with a partner in mill- 
ing on the Shenandoah River, Warren 
Co.; Va., where he was drafted into the 
rebel army, but furnished a substitute ; 
afterward was conscripted, and with his 
partner obliged to flee the country and 
come North ; remained in the East until 

1868, when they came to Appanoose, 
where he has since been industriously 
engaged at farming and stock-growing ; 
was called East to superintend the erec- 
tion of three mills ; owns 360 acres in 
Appanoose, valued at $25 per acre. 
Have two children living, lost one — 
Luke S., born in 1869 ; Francis T., born 
in 1870; John J., born in 1872. Re- 
publican. 

RHINEHART, S., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Iconium. 
REYNOL.DS, J. K., farmer and 
nurseryman, S. 3 ; P. 0. Iconium ; born 
in Wayne Co., Ind., in 1845 ; his father, 
A. C. R., was born near Newark, N. J., 
and came to this county, to Taylor Tp., 
two miles south of Moravia, where be 
has lived for twenty-seven years ; his 
mother, E. A. (nee Merrit),wa8 born in 
Wayne Co., Ind.; her father is a resident 
of Centerville ; is 87 years of age, a re- 
tired farmer ; came to this county in 
1874 ; mother died in Indiana in 1864 ; 
J. R. had the privileges of a liberal 
common school education. In 1868, 
married Miss Susan M., Gladfelder, 
daughter of William and Mary G.,born 



in Williamsburg, Ohio, 1847. Engaged 
in the nursery business at his father's 
farm in 1877 ; moved to his pres- 
ent farm, where he owns fifty-six acres 
of land, valued at §25 per acre. Have 
four children — Charles P., born in 1869 ; 
Arthur K., born in 1870 ; Bessie M., 
born in 1876 ; Mary E., born in 1878. 
Greenbacker ; she is a member of the 
M. E. Church. Has held office of Tp. 
Trustee, school offices, and is a member 
of Grange in Taylor Tp. 
Ross, R. D., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

SHAFFER, A. M., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 

SHAEFFER, L.., farmer and stock- 
grower, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Walnut City ; 
born in Bellair Tp., Appanoose Co., in 
1847 ; his parents, David and Libby 
(maiden name Hustaad), settled here from 
Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 1846, after stop- 
ping one year in Lee Co.; were among 
the earliest settlers of this county ; his 
grandfather, Abraham Shaifier, was born 
in Pennsylvania, and among the first 
settlers of Fairfield Co., Ohio ; his eld- 
est son, Joel, was the first white child 
born in that county ; his father lost his 
wife in this county Aug. 3, 1866 ; re- 
mained here until 1868, when he re- 
turned to Fairfield Co., Ohio, where he 
now resides ; had six children ; the eld- 
est son is settled in Oregon ; the eldest 
daughter is settled in Placer Co., Cal.; the 
youngest daughter, in Wayne Co., Iowa ; 
another, in Mercer Co., Mo.; Mr. L. 
Shaifier and a brother remain on the 
old homestead ; at the age of 17, soon 
after his mother's death, his father gave 
him forty acres of land, and he engaged 
in farming for himself. In 1875, he 
married Miss Theresa A. Robinson, 
daughter of James M. and Charlotte 
R., of Franklin Tp., Monroe Co., 
Iowa. Mr. S. owns seventy-five acres 
of land, valued at $24 per acre. Mem- 
bers of the U. B. Church, as were his 
parents ; his father's brother was one of 
the first Bishops of that Church, and 
their father was a Pastor of the same 
Church. National and Greenbacker. 

Show, M., far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Sinks, E., broom-maker, Iconium. 

Sinks, W. G., cabinet-maker, Iconium. 

STEVENS, W. B., farmer and 
stock-raiser, Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Walnut 



CHARITON TOWNSHIP. 



553 



City ; was born in Knox Co., 111., 
in 1844 ; his parents, W. J. and Jane 
S. (nee Schooler), were early settlers of 
that county, from Logan Co., Ohio, 
where his mother was born ; his father 
was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio ; moved 
to Wapello Co., Iowa, in 1861 ; thence 
to this county in 1869 ; in April, 1864, 
he crossed the plains, arriving at Idaho 
August 4, of the same year ; remained 
two years ; thence to Grand Round 
Valley, Oregon ; thence to Walla Walla, 
and returning to Round Valley with ox- 
teams, laden with provisions ; was caught 
in one of the heavy snowstorms, so fre- 
quent in the mountains of that country; 
was obliged to leave his oxen and pro- 
cure horses ; landed his loads safely at 
Dubois Valley and returned ; in 1868, 
started to return on horseback ; traveled 
1,000 miles, then he sold his horse and 
came by stage to Ft. Benton, and by 
steamer to Omaha, being ten days on the 
route by stage and rail ; reached Wapello 
Co. June 5, 1868 ; soon after came to 
this county ; followed threshing that 
fall. In February, 1869, he married 
Miss Elizabeth J. Stark ; she was born 
in Davis Co., Iowa, in 1848 ; daughter 
of Jeremiah and Sarah A. S. (nee 
Throckmorton), early settlers of Davis 
Co. and this county ; died in this county. 
They have two children — Charles F. and 
Harry E. Greenback; members of the 
Christian Church. 
STEWART, DAVID A., farmer, 
Sec. 17; P. 0. Iconium ; born in 
Onondaga, N. Y., in 1833 ; his parents, 
Alfred and Harmony S. (nee Bigsby), re- 
moved to Coldwater, Mich., where hia 
father engaged at his trade of mason, 
remaining there ten years, during 
which time his mother died ; thence 
removed to Steuben Co., Ind., thence to 
Elkhart; returned to Steuben Co., and 
remained until his death in 1853. 
David left home and worked at farming 
by the month. In 1853, married Miss 
Elizabeth Sams, born in Ohio ; re- 
moved to Steuben Co., Ind., where they 
were married. In 1860, they came to 
Appanoose, where he now owns 93 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre. In 
1862, he enlisted with Co. F, 36th 
Iowa V. I.; was at Helena, Little Rock, 
Elkins' Ford, Camden, Ark., and Mark's 



Mills ; at latter place was wounded and 
taken prisoner, held at same place for 
twenty-seven days, paroled, joined his 
regiment and mustered out at Duvall's 
Bluff, iu September, 1865. Since he has 
cultivated and improved his farm. 
Have six children — George, Frank, 
Elizabeth, A. Jackson, John and 
William. National Greenbacker ; Mrs. 
S. is a member of the Christian Church. 

TARR, JOHN, far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. 
Iconium. 

TISUE, H., farmer. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Moravia; born in Hamden, Vinton Co., 
Ohio, 1839 ; son of William Tisue, born 
in Pennsylvania, 1809 ; moved to Vin- 
ton Co., was elected Sheriff of county, 
and removed to McArthur, the county 
seat ; at the expiration of his office, re- 
turned to Hamden, engaged extensively 
in stock dealing ; in 1863, with his son 
H., came to this county, and is now a 
resident of Moravia. Having married 
Miss Sarah Cline, daughter of Joseph 
C, of Jackson Co., Ohio, a farmer ; she 
was born in that county in 1842 ; have 
five children — Delia J., Malcomb B., 
Molly B., Maggie M. and William; in 
1863, they removed to this county, 
where he purchased real estate ; owns 
180 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. Republican ; Mr. and Mrs. Tisue 
with their eldest daughter are members 
of U. B. Church. 

Tisue, Levi, far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

WALKER, S., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 
WALKER, JAMES M., farmer 
and stock-grower. Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Wal- 
nut City ; born in Delaware Co., Ohio, 
Aug. 10, 1839 ; his father, Semar W., 
a farmer, in 1837, removed to Morgan 
Co., Mo. ; engaged in farming ; in 1856, 
came to this county, where he still re- 
sides ; his mother Margaret (nee Bryant), 
a sister of Walker B., of Centerville, 
was born in Mercer Co., Penn., where 
she was married. At the age of 22, he 
enUsted in 36th Iowa Infantry, Co. F ; 
was soon promoted to Corporal ; one 
year after, promoted to Sergeant ; par- 
ticipated at Helena, Mark's Mill, Little 
Missouri Prairie, d' Ann; was detailed to 
guard prisoners for a time; participated 
at Saline River ; served on guard duty 
until regiment, which had been taken 



554 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



prisoners, were paroled at Duvall's Bluff; 
mustered out Aug. 24, 1865. April 12, 
1866, married Miss Martha M. Smith, 
who was born in Morgan Co., Ohio, 1848, 
daughter of Job G. S., a farmer, from 
Morgan Co., Ohio, 1857 ; he died here 
in 1874, being 65 years of age ; his 
mother is a resident of this county; 
she died Aug. 24, 1878 ; three children 
living — Ann Elizabeth, born Dec. 5, 
1869; Sylvester M., Jan. 10, 1872; 
Alice C., June 6, 1875. Republican ; 
has held the ofl&ce of Township Trustee. 

Wailes, John P., far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Ico- 
nium. 

WAIJLES, JAMES WM., far- 
mer and stock-grower. Sec. 17; P.O. 
Iconium ; born in Bartholomew Co., 
Ind., in 1833 ; the family was from 
Wales ; dropped their original name and 
adopted name of their country ; father 
and grandfather both served in the Rev- 
olutionary war for eight years ; his 
great-grandfather, on his mother's side, 
James Wilson, was one of the signers 
of the Declaration of Independence ; 
parents married in Bartholomew Co.; in 
1851, came to this county and settled on 
the farm which James W. now owns, 
consisting of 251 acres of land, valued 
at $25 per acre. He married Miss 
Zerilda E. Needham, daughter of Wes- 
ley B. and Nancy N., who settled in 
Johns Tp., from Bartholomew Co., Ind., 
in 1855 ; she was born in Bartholomew 
Co., Ind., in 1844 ; they have five chil- 
dren — John W., born in December, 
1866; Harriet E., November, 1869; 
Martha L., January, 1872; Nancy S., 
in 1875 ; Lucinda, in 1878. National 
Greenbacker; Mrs. W. is a member of 
the M. E. Church. Has held the offices 
of Assessor, Tp. Trustee, school offices, 
Tp. Clerk of Independence Tp., and 
Director and member of the Board of 
County Supervisors. Enlisted in^ the 
1st Regt. Iowa State Guards as First 
Lieutenant of Co. A ; in the fall of 
1863, he enlisted in the 8th I. V. C, 
Co. H ; participated at Rome, Ga., and 
Cassville, with Sherman, and was under 
fire for twenty-seven days ; their horses 
not being from under their saddles 
for that time ; Aug. 30, 1864, was capt- 
ured on Stoneman's raid, after a con- 
tinuous fight of five days, having had 



no sleep or anything to eat, except what 
was in their haversacks ; men fell of 
their horses asleep ; when it became 
known that they must surrender, they 
shot their mules and burned their wag- 
ons ; after their capture they were taken 
to Andersonville and held one month ; 
thence to Charleston, S. C, one month ; 
thence to Florence two months ; then ex- 
changed and sent to Annapolis, Md.; 
thence home for thirty days ; after 
which he returned and joined his regi- 
ment at Macon, Ga.; was mustered out 
as Sergeant in October, 1865, at Ma- 
con, Ga. 
WELTOX, AliMA, farmer and 
stock-grower. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City ; born in Medina Co., Ohio, in 
1835 ; his father, Michael B,, of Welsh 
descent, born near Hartford, Conn., a 
millwright, moved to Medina Co., Ohio, 
where he married Miss Rebecca Smith ; 
she was born in Pennsylvania, her 
parents, early settlers in Ohio, in 1839, 
moved to Pike Co., 111., where they 
again underwent the trials and priva- 
tions of pioneer life, which proved more 
than Mrs. W. could endure, as she lived 
but one year after reaching that county. 
A year after his wife's death, Mr. Wel- 
ton married again and removed to Knox 
Co., 111., where he died in 1862. Alma 
W., having taken advantage of all the 
facilities of education furnished in those 
days, at the age of 19, began life upon 
his own responsibility, renting land and 
cultivating it ; in 1857, went to Harri- 
son Co., Mo., where, in 1858, he married 
Miss Eliza Parcel, daughter of Henry 
and Melighta P. ; she was born in Ohio 
in 1837, and died Feb. 9, 1862, leaving 
one child — Melighta, born Sept. 25, 
1859 ; in 1864, he came to this county, 
and, Sept. 8, of that year, married Miss 
Melissa Packard ; she was born in 
Appanoose Co., July 6, 1847; daughter 
of B. L. and Hannah Packard, among 
the earliest settlers of this county, from 
Ohio ; he was born in Marion Co., Ohio, 
in 1817 ; she was born in the State of 
New York in 1819, and married in 
Williams Co., Ohio. In 1868, Mr. 
Welton purchased the farm he now 
occupies, containing 182 acres of land, 
valued at $20 per acre ; have three chil- 
dren— Weltha A., born May 13, 1866 ; 



CHARITON TOWNSHIP. 



555 



Mary R., born Sept. 8, 1869 ; Sarah F., 
born Feb. 17, 1872. Greenbacker ; 
Mr. and Mrs. W., with their eldest 
daughter, are members of the Christian 
Church. 

Whicker, Ben, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Mo- 
ravia. 

Whittlesey, D. K., miller, Iconium. 

WILIiS, D. H., druggist, Iconium ; 
born in Putnam Co., Ind., in 1844 ; he 
came to Iowa in 1850. He enlisted in 
Co. C, 8th Iowa Cav., in 1863 ; was in 
the Army of Tennessee ; taken prisoner 
on Stoneman's raid, July 30, 1864; taken 
to Andersonville and kept nine months, 
and was turned loose at the close of the 
war at Baldwin Station, near Jackson- 
ville, Fla., almost naked, and was sick; 
had to walk to the Union lines. Married 
Minerva Cogan in Iowa Jan. 1, 1868; 
she was born in Indiana ; they had two 
children, one, living — Gracy. He fol- 
lowed railroading about five years after 
returning from the war, and has been, 
the principal part of his time, engaged 
in the drug business ; he has now a 
good store, and a well-assorted stock of 
drugs. He is a member of the A., F. 
& A. M. Lodge. Republican ; his wife 
is a member of the Christian Church. 

Woodnancy, R-, blacksmith, Iconium. 

YOUNGKER, J. L., far., Sec. 17; P. 
0. Iconium. 
YOIIK'GKER, B. F., wagon- 
maker, Iconium ; born in Carroll Co., 
Ohio, in January, 1838 ; his father, 
John, born in Pennsylvania, was a resi- 
dent of Carroll Co., Ohio, until his death 
in 1838 ; his mother, Hannah Y. (nee 
Berry), was also born in Pennsylvania; 
died near Union City, Mich., in 1878 ; 
after his mother's second marriage, be 
lived with a neighboring farmer two 
years, after which he went to Allen Co., 
Ind., and made his home with his 
brother, a farmer of that county ; June 
6, 1856, with two of his brothers and 
their families, and others to the number 



of twenty persons, with four wagons, 
two or three teams to each wagon, they 
•tarted for Nebraska ; had a merry time, 
with hunting, music and dancing, until 
they reached the Mississippi River, two 
months after starting, where they were 
all taken dangerously sick with fever, 
and within two weeks both of his 
brothers, and the entire family of one, 
died, also the wife of another of the 
party, named Gray — six out of the 
party of twenty ; the others resumed 
their journey ; on reaching Iconium, 
B. F. Youngker stopped there and en- 
gaged to clerk for Thomas Beam ; after- 
ward at merchandising in that town ; 
afterward went to school during the 
winters, and in the summer worked by 
the month. July 3, 1861, married 
Susan Funkhouser, daughter of David 
and Susan F. (Caster), early settlers of 
this county, from Ripley Co., Ind., where 
she was born in 1845 ; after marriage, 
he engaged with Ben. Hazelwood to 
learn the wagon-maker's trade, remain- 
ing eight months, when he bought him 
out, and has since conducted the busi- 
ness here, except from 1865 to 1867, 
when he was farming in Carroll Co., 
Ohio ; has, since his return, added to 
his business interest in the blacksmith- 
ing adjoining his shop ; owns his shop 
and residence, also eighty acres of land 
in Monroe Co., all valued at $4,000 ; 
in May, 1875, his wife died, leaving six 
children — Joseph L., Hannah 0., David 
H., John H., G. William, Amanda L. 
Oct. 14, of the same year he married 
Miss Nancy Nicholson, a daughter of 
Mrs. Annie N., of Monroe Co. ; she 
was born in Indiana in 1847; they 
have two children — Ivy and Eddy. 
Democrat; members of the Christian 
Church ; his first wife was also. Has 
held the school offices, and was Town- 
ship Clerk and Trustee for several terms ; 
was Master of the Grange, when run- 
ning. 




556 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



WELLS TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS, B. F., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Moulton. 
Awmiller, H. J., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 
Awmiller, P., far.,S. 3 ; P. 0. Deaa. 
Awmiller, Wm., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Dean. 

BARR, WM., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 

Baspet, R. H., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Coats- 
ville. 

Bowman, Wm., Sr., far., Sec. 28; P. 0. 
Moulton. 

Black, Paul, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Bond, J., far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

BROUCJH, J. G., of Cooksey & 
Brough, dealers in dry goods, boots and 
shoes, Dean ; born in Madison Co., 
Ohio, in 1844 ; removed to this county, 
in 1852, with his parents, his father 
settling four miles west of Centerville, 
where he remained until his death, which 
occurred in 1853 ; his mother, has since 
lived in Centerville ; he owns a residence 
in Centerville, and his business at Dean. 
Married Miss Xenia Stansbury in No- 
vember, 1866 ; she was born in New- 
hope, Brown Co., Ohio, March 31, 
1849; they have four children — Beatrice, 
born in 1868; Selah, in 1870; Blanch, 
in 1874; Nellie, in 1876. Democrat. 
A member of I. 0. 0. F., No. 76, Cen- 
terville. Mr. B. is a tinner by trade, 
having learned his trade at Centerville 
with J. W. Williams ; worked with him 
five years ; then engaged in hardware, 
stoves and tinware, at Centerville, until 
1874; thence removed his business to 
Unionville, Mo., for one year, and, in 
1875, bought out Mr. Stansbury, of 
Cooksey & Co., at Dean, and commenced 
his present business. 

Bridgman, A., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Bunton, J. M., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

/CAMPBELL, J. J., farmer, Sec. 34 ; 

\y P.O. Dean. 

Caughron, G., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Chamberlain, Robert. 

Childs, A., far., Sec. 12; P. 0. Coatsville. 

Childs, J., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Coatsville. 

Coffman, I., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Cookey, J., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. O. Dean. 

COOKSEY, WIIil^IAM H., of 

Cooksey & Brough, dealers in dry goods, 



boots and shoes, Dean, Iowa ; born in 
Scott Co., 111., in 1847 ; removed to this 
county in February, 1875 ; owns resi- 
dence and business and 7j acres of coal 
lands. Married Miss Augusta Stans- 
bury Feb. 27, 1874 ; she was born in 
Appanoose Co. Aug. 20,1855 ; they have 
two children — Lulu B., born Nov. 25, 
1875; MaudL.,Nov. 30, 1877. Demo- 
cratic. Is a member of I. 0. 0. F., 
Pioneer Lodge, No. 70, Winchester, 
Iowa. Has held the office of Township 
Clerk for three years, School Director, 
Notary Public, Clerk of School Board. 
Is Station Agent for M., I. & M. R. R. 
at Dean. Has taught school thirty-one 
months in Illinois. 

Coy, D. M., far.. Sec. 24; P. 0. Moulton. 

CBAIC;}, JAMEJ^, farmer. Sec. 2 ; 
P. 0. Moulton; born in Morgan Co., 
Ohio, in 1853, and with his parents 
came to this county in 1856 ; has 200 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Grreenbacker. His father entered the 
land he now owns and occupies ; made 
all the improvements. Joined the Mis- 
souri State Militia in 1861 ; detailed 
wagoner, which position he held until 
mustered out in 1864. Died from chronic 
disease contracted while in service in 
1864, six weeks after coming home. 
His mother, Lucy Craig (nee Coburn), 
was born in Morgan Co., Ohio, in 
1816. Married Mr. Craig Dec. 24, 
1833 ; she has six children, none of 
whom are living, except the one here 
mentioned in this county. 

Croft, J., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

DANIELS, JOSEPH, far.. Sec. 20 ; 
P. 0. Moulton. 
Daugherty, J., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Davis, D., Sr., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Davis, D., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Davis, H., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Davis, J., far.. Sec. 33; P. 0. Moulton. 
Davis, Jos., hr., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Dye, E. M., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

EDWARD, WILLIAM, Jr., far.. Sec. 
9 ; P. 0. Dean. 
EDWARDS, WILrlil AM, farmer 
and stock-grower. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton ; born in Kentucky Jan. 29, 1811 ; 
removed to this county November, 1849 ; 



WELLS TOWNSHIP. 



557 



owns 540 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. Married Miss Marilla Elliott, 
1831 ; she was born in Kentucky Jan. 
29, 1816; they have seven children — 
Elizabeth, James W., Mary A., Louis, 

. Daniel, William, Madison. Greenbacker ; 
members for thirty years of the M. E. 
Church. Mr. Edwards was among the 
earliest settlers ; entered the same farm 
he now occupies ; found it settled by 
squatters, and it cost more to buy the 
squatters out than to enter the land ; 
has followed stock dealing and growing 
extensively until within about ten years, 
since which he has fed considerable, but 
not shipped much. 

EliASI, S. P., far.. Sec. 16; P.O. 
Dean ; born in Powhatan Co., Va., 1823 ; 
removed with his parents to Laurel Co., 
Ky., 1835 ; thence to this county, 1850 ; 
owns 300 acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre. Married Miss Elizabeth Ed 
wards, 1850; she was born in Laurel 
Co., Ky., March 22, 1833 ; they have 
six children — Sarah E., Marilla J., Dan 
H., Lewis S., Madison M., Marcellus. 
A Republican of long standing ; Mr. 
and Mrs. Elam, and their children — 
Dan, Sarah, Marilla, and two youngest 
boys, are members of the Christian 
Church. Has held offices of Constable 
and Township Trustee ; was a member 
of Border Brigade during 1862-63; 
when he came to this county all he had 
was the clothes he wore and a horse, the 
horse he traded for his first quarter-sec- 
tion of land ; made the furniture with 
which they first commenced house-keep- 
ing, namely, bedstead, tables, chairs ; 
his wife knit socks to buy dishes, and 
he caught a coon and sold the pelt to 
buy the first bucket he had. 

Ij^OSTER, THOS., farmer, Sec. 29 ; P. 
: 0. Moulton. 
FINDL.EY, C. F., farmer, Sec. 2 ; 
P. 0. Dean ; born in Somerset Co., 
Penn., in 1828 ; came to Van Buren 
Co. in 1854, and to this county in 1855 ; 
has 80 acres of land, valued at $15 per 
acre. Married Miss Rebecca Pierpont 
in 1857 ; she was born in Monongalia 
Co., Va., in 1824 ; they have four 
children — Sarah T., Samuel H., John 
C. P., and Mary M. Grreenbacker. 
Has held the office of Township Asses- 



Forsythe, Thomas, far.. Sec. 2; P. 0. 

Dean. 
Fishel, John, far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Dean. 

a ALE, W., for., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 
Gregory, D. A., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Goodwin, J. P., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. 

Moulton. 
Gregory, Wilson, far., S. 24 ; P.O. Moulton. 
Guinn, Hardin, far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Dean. 

HORN, .iARON, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. 
Coatsville. 

Horn, Isaiah, far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Dean. 

HORN, WILLIAII, farmer. Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Dean ; born in Estell Co., 
Ky., in 1826, removed to Randolph Co., 
Mo., in 1840, thence to Davis Co., Iowa, 
in 1841, where his father settled, being, 
to the best of Mr. Horn's knowledge, 
the second family in the county, except 
those who came the same spring. But 
when the subject of this sketch came to 
do for himself, which was in 1 848, very 
soon after becoming of age, he removed 
to this county, where he now owns 595 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Married Miss Margaretta Cooksy in 
1848 ; she was born in Overton Co., 
Tenn., in 1829 ; they have ten children 
— Cyntha, Clayborn N., Martha E., 
Samantha A., George W., William D., 
Elizabeth, Salina, James M. and Edna 
J. Democratic ; members of Christian 
Church. Has held the offices of Town- 
ship Clerk, Trustee, etc. 

Howell, J. D., far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 

JAMES, JOHN, far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. 
Coatsville. 

James, Wm., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Coats- 
ville. 

JEXXIXGS, TOIOTHY% farmer 
and stock-grower. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton ; born in Ripley Co., Ind., in 1827 ; 
in 1852, he went round Cape Horn to 
California, but finding his health failing, 
returned in 1854, and settled in Jackson 
Co., Iowa ; thence he removed to Monte- 
zuma, Poweshiek Co., in 1855 ; thence 
to Eddyville, Iowa, in 1857, and came 
to this county in 1866 ; he owns 200 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Married Adeline Johnson in 1864 ; she 
was born in Greene Co., Ohio, 1832 ; 
they haves even children — John, Mary 
D., William E., Ellen M., Fanny, Addie 



558 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY : 



and James. Republican. Has held 
oflSces of Tp. Trustee and Road Super- 
visor. Member of A., F. & A. M., at 
Andersonville, Franklin Co., Ind. 

Johnson, H., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Coatsville. 

Johnson, M., far., S. 25 ; P. O. Moulton. 

Jordan, S., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
ING, D., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Dean. 



K' 



King, Eli, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Dean. 
Kinsler, Robt., far., Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Coats- 
ville. 
T" ANE, WM., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Dean. 

Lindsey, C, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Dean. 
Lytton, John, far., Sec. 12; P. 0. Dean. 
Losey, J., far., Sec. 1; P. 0. Coatsville. 
Lono-, Wm., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
"A yTARING, J., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Moul- 

MARTIN, OI.IVER P., far , Sec 

14 ; P. 0. Dean ; born in Brown Co., 
Ohio, in 1842 ; removed to this county 
in 1867; owns eighty-five acres of land, 
valued at $15 per acre. Married Miss 
Amanda J. Hays in 1866 ; she was 
born in Brown Co., Ohio, in 1845 ; they 
have three children — Willie, born in 
1868 ; Leonard, in 1870 ; Claude 0., in 
1875. Members of M. E. Church. 
Held office of Justice of the Peace six 
years and School Director three years. 
Is a member of I. 0. 0. F., No. 76, 
Centerville. Enlisted in the 70th Ohio 
V. L, Co. A, Capt. Brown, in 1861 ; 
participated at Shiloh, Corinth, Vicks- 
burg and Mission Ridge; veteran in 
1864; from Chattanooga to Atlanta 
with Sherman, and through Georgia to 
the coast at Ft. McAlister ; enlisted as 
private and mustered out as 2d Sergeant 
in 1865. 

Mathews, Paul, far., S. 24; P. 0. Moulton. 

May, J., far.,S. 19 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Miller, J. W., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

IV^tchell, H. B. L, for., S. 30 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 

Mitchell, J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Mitchell, P. H.,far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Moore, A. L., far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 

Morrow, H., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Dean. 

Morrow, J. H., far., S. 35; P. 0. Dean. 

Morrow, R., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Dean. 

IIOWRER, JOHN D., farmer, S. 
33 ; P. 0. Moulton ; born in Columbia 



Co., Penn., Nov. 12, 1838; removed to 
Dixon, Lee Co., 111., May, 1844 ; then 
returned to his native county in 1860, 
where he remained until February, 
1864, when he returned to Dixon, and 
in March, 1869, came to this county; 
has 160 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. Married Miss Mary A. Palmer, 
at Dixon, III, March, 22, 1869; she 
was the daughter of Elder H. W. Palm- 
er, former Pastor of the M. E. Church 
of that city, and was born in Franklin 
Co., N. Y., June 25, 1838. They have 
four children — Palmer D., born Feb. 
26, 1871 ; F. Derby, Sept. 30, 1872 ; 
Philip H., Sept. 19, 1873; Mary Jos- 
inda, Aug. 3, 1876. Repubhcan ; he is 
a member of the Lutheran and she of 
the M. E. Church. Philip Mowrer, the 
father of John D., was born in Luzerne 
Co., Penn., Feb. 13, 1810 ; was a gun- 
smith by trade ; during the year 1844, 
he removed to Lee Co., 111., there 
turned his attention to farming ; has 
kept in office a great portion of the time, 
having been chosen County Commis- 
sioner, and held other prominent offices 
until 1860, when he returned to Penn- 
sylvania, and in 1869, came to this 
county with his son, where he was ap- 
pointed Justice of the Peace ; during 
his life in this county, he devoted much 
of his time to the culture of grapes, 
planting out at one time 700 vines of 
Concord, which he discovered to be best 
adapted to this climate; kept a great 
many bees; died Aug. 5, 1878. His 
mother died Dec. 26, 1859. His brother 
Henry died .Tan. 6, 1853; John D., 
now being the only one of his mother's 
family living. 
Murphy, J., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. O. Moulton. 

NISWONGER, GEORGE R., far., 
Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
PECK, A. J., farmer. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Dean. 
Probasco, N., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Purdum, B. T., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Dean. 

RASH, WILLIAM, farmer. Sec. 15; 
P. 0. Dean. 
Robinson, G. W., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Dean. 
Richie, J. D., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Coatsville. 
Russell, J. H.,far., Sec. 14; P. 0. Coats- 
ville. 

SHORT, J. H., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Moulton. 



WELLS TOWNSHIP. 



559 



SCURI.OCK, JAMES MUT- 
TON, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Dean ; born 
in Jackson Co., Ohio, in 1820 ; came to 
this county in 1844, being among the 
very earliest settlers; owns 120 acres of 
land, valued at $20 per acre. He mar- 
ried Miss Matilda Cooksey in 1845, 
daughter of William Cooksey ; she ^was 
born in Kentucky in 1826 ; they have 
four children — Cleopatra, born in 1846, 
married Elisha Kirbyin 1866 ; Barthol- 
omew C, born in 1852 ; Grant, born 
in 1858; Joseph B., born in 1868. 
Kepublican. Has held the office of 
Justice of the Peace for several years, 
also school and district offices. When 
he came to this county, he had nothing 
but what he had in his pocket, which 
was less than $10, and it was five years 
before he saw another $10. 

Short, S. B., far.. Sec. 32; P.O. Moulton. 

Shosts, H. D.,far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Sidwell, C. A., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Sidwell, J., far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Sites, Andrew, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. CentervillCc 

Stansbury, A. J., far., S. 27; P. 0. Moulton. 

STANSBERRY, G. S., far.. Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Dean ; born in Brown Co., 
Ohio, in 1826 ; removed to Pike Co., 
111., in 1851 ; thence to this county in 
1852 ; owns 340 acres of land in this 
township, valued at $30 per acre ; 210 
acres in Caldwell Tp., Sees. 21 and 22, 
valued at $25 per acre ; 227 acres in 
Liberty Tp., valued at $25 per acre, 
with two lots in Dean, with residence 
and 28 vacant lots, valued at $2,000. 
Married Miss Amanda Knight, in 1849 ; 
she was born in Brown Co., Ohio, in 
1830; died in this county in 1853, 
leaving one child — Xenia, born in 
March, 1850, now Mrs. J. G. Braugh, 
merchant at Dean. He married Miss 
Rebecca Cooksey, in September, 1854; 
she was a daughter of William Cooksey, 
of this township ; born in Scott Co., 
111., in 1838; they have seven children 
— Augusta, Daniel C, Ella May, 
Charles W., Stella, John M. and an 
infant. Republican. Has held the 
office of County Treasurer from 1864 
to 1868 ; Township Clerk, school offices 
etc.; was Lieutenant of Co. B, Bor- 
der Brigade, under State law, organized 
in 1861 ; made many arrests and re- 
turned to the authorities in Missouri. 



On coming to Appanoose Co., had but 
50 cents cash, a consumptive wife, $10 
worth of medicines, and a pony worth 
$25 ; commenced the practice of medi- 
cine at Wells' Mills, this township, 
which he followed until 1874. 

Stansberry, J. M., far.,S. 23; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 

Stansberry, G. S., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Dean. 

Stansbury, M., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Stephen, J., far., Sec. 4 ; P. O. Coatsville. 

Stiles, J. H. P., Sr., far., Sec. 14 ; P. O. 
Dean. 

Stiles, S., Sr., far., Sec. 9; P. 0. Dean. 

Stiles, S., Jr., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Dean. 

Stober, J., far.. Sec. 25; P. 0. Moulton. 

Strode,' T., far.. Sec. 20; P. 0. Moulton. 

Sturgeon, B., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Sturgeon, D. 0., far. S. 14 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

SUTTOX, JONAS, farmer, Sec. 
22 ; P. 0. Moulton ; born in Pendleton 
Co., Va., in 1832, and, while yet a child, 
his parents removed to Harrison Co., 
Va., where he remained until 1865, 
when he came to this county ; he owns 
170 acres of land adjoining Moulton, 
30 acres on Sec. 16, 172 acres near 
Centerville and 52 lots in his addi- 
tion to Moulton, 20 acres of coal 
lands, as well as 170 acres of tax-title 
lands in Missouri. He married Miss 
Sarah J. Robinson in 1860; she was 
born in Harrison Co., Va., in 1835; 
they have three children — Florence, 
born Aug. 14, 1861 ; George W., born 
June 8, 1865 ; Violetta, March 2, 1869. 
Democratic ; members of the M. E. 
Church. Mr. Sutton, supposing his 
lands, like a considerable portion of 
Appanoose Co., were underlaid with coal, 
employed W. P. Fox, Geologist for I )wa, 
to make a special geological examination, 
and while he says that there is no coal 
formation in the State so regular and 
uniform as that of A])panoose Co. ; that 
taking into consideration the solid con- 
dition of the land, and the heavy body of 
coal underlying it on Mr. Sutton's lands, 
he considers it more desirable than any 
in that vicinity. Mr. Sutton has his 
reports locating points most desirable 
for sinking shafts, substance to be passed 
through, etc. 

Swarts, C. W., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Moulton. 



560 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Swarts, F., far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
Swarts. H., far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

TOi)D, JAMES, farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 
0. Moulton. 
Tull, J. A., far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
nrTLRICK, J., far., S.IO ; P. 0. Dean. 

WAHL, G. W., farmer. Sec. 28 ; P. 
0. Moulton. 
Wood, D., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Dean. 
Wood, a. W., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Moulton. 
WOLF, GEORGE, farmer; dealer 
and grower of stock. See. 19 ; P. 0. 
Moulton ; born in Perry Co., Ohio, in 
1832 ; removed with his parents to Van 



Buren Co., Iowa, in 1851 ; thence to 
this county in 1864 ; owns 397^ acres 
of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Married Miss Rebecca Martin in 1851 ; 
she was born in Fairfield Co., Ohio, in 
1828 ; have three children — John W., 
born in 1852; Mary J., born in 1855, 
and Laura E., born in 1867. Green- 
backer in politics ; he is a member of the 
Lutheran Ciiurch, she of the Pres- 
byterian. He has held the oflBce of 
County Supervisor four years. Township 
Clerk, school offices, etc. 
"YT^ATES, W., for., S. 21 ; P. 0. Dean. 



WALNUT TOWNSHIP. 



ASHBY, DAVID C, former, 
Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born in 
Parke Co., Ind., in 1848 ; his father, 
Daniel C, born in Kentucky, his mother 
born in Fayette Co., Penn.; married in 
Ohio, her parents being early settlers of 
Clinton, in that State ; afterward went 
to Parke Co., Ind., thence to Knox Co., 
III. ; his father's family from Ashby's 
Gap, Penn., which was named for them 
from his grandfather Ashby having 
backed a team of six horses and a heavy 
load of freight off tiie precipice at that 
place ; when 8 years of age his parents 
came to this county ; foil of 1863, his 
father enlisted in the 38th Iowa V. I. ; 
died x\ugust,1864,from disease contracted 
in the army. David C. remained with his 
mother and married brother until the 
spring of 1865 ; went to Knox Co., 111., 
and farmed ; foil of 1866, returned to 
this county ; spring of 1867, purchased 
the farm he now owns, of sixty-five acres, 
valued at $30 per acre, and has culti- 
vated and much improved it since. 
BARTLETT, J. B., for., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 

BACUS, JNO. S., p. 0. Centerville. 

Bartlett, J. J., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

BLAND, W. B., former; P. 0. 
Centerville ; born in Appanoose Co., 
Iowa, 1857 ; has 180 acres of land, val- 
ued at $35 per acre, in Sec. 13, Walnut 
Tp., which he rents ; he is attend- 



ing school at Centerville, where he has 
spent the most of his time. Republican ; 
member of the Christian Church. 

Bogart, A., far., S. 12; P. 0. Dennis. 

Brown, Caleb, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

BROWBf, CORXEIilUS, farmer. 
Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Walnut City ; born in 
Mercer Co., Penn., in 1839, where his 
grandfather Brown was one of the 
earliest settlers, when the only way of 
traveling was on horseback, as there 
were no roads and the country heavily 
timbered ; he remained in that county 
until his death ; his father, Daniel, was 
born in that country in 1795 ; was a 
farmer ; remained there until his death 
in 1835. His mother, Mary (maiden 
name Fry, daughter of George and Mary 
Fi'y), was born in that county in 1800 ; 
her parents were also early settlers there ; 
she now resides in Crawford Co., Penn ; 
has eight children — two residents of 
Iowa, one of Missouri, three of Ohio, 
and one still remaining in Pennsylvania. 
Her son, Ezariah, went to California in 
1852, at the age of 17 ; has not been 
heard from since 1854. When 11 
years of age, Cornelius started out to take 
care of himself; remained in that 
county four years, and, at the age of 
16, went to Trumbull Co., Ohio ; one 
year after came to Clinton Co., Iowa, 
where he worked by the month farming 
for three years ; then went to Mercer Co. , 



WALNUT TOWNSHIP. 



561 



111., remained eigliteen months, and in 
August, 1862, enlisted in the 102d I. 
V. I., Co. E, Capt. Thomas Likely; 
was at Resaca, Ga., New Hope, Peach- 
tree Creek, and eleven others ; with 
Sherman to the sea- coast and return to 
Washington, and was mustered out as 
Corporal at Chicago, in 1865. In Sep- 
tember following he returned to Mercer 
Co., Penn., and on Nov. 8, 1866, mar- 
ried Miss Caroline L. Fry, born in that 
county in 1849 ; her fether, M. J. Fry, 
still resides there ; soon after their mar- 
riage, they removed to Trumbull Co., 
Ohio ; remained two years ; thence to 
Crawford Co., Penn., and remained two 
or three years ; thence in April, 1870, 
came to this county, where he now owns 
105 acres of land, valued at $20 per 
acre ; has three children — Charles W., 
born in 1867, Linn L., born in 1868, 
and Reuben, born in 1872. Recently 
elected Assessor. 

CARTER, J. H., far., Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Castor, John, far., S. 22; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

CHESTJfUT, MATHEW, farm- 
er, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Walnut City ; born 
in Antrim County, Ireland, in 1816, 
moved to Pennsylvania in 1846, came 
to Iowa in 1867. He married Mary 
Jane Thompson in Ireland in 1837 ; she 
was born in Ireland in 1816 ; they have 
six children — Thomas, Mathew, Mary 
Jane, Annie, Margaret and Eliza Ann. 
John enlisted in the 80th Ind. V. I. in 
1862 ; was wounded in the battle of 
Resaca, Ga., and died from the eifect ; 
his son Thomas was in the same regi- 
ment, and was wounded and discharged 
and re-enlisted in the 17th Ind. V. Cav. 
They are members of the Reform Pres- 
byterian Church ; Republican. He 
has a good farm which they made by 
their hard labor and energy. 

Comerford, W., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. 

Coulson, William, far., Sec. 36 
Dennis. 

DALLAS, J. C, farmer, Sec. 10 ; P, 
0. Walnut City. 
Darrah, W. P., far., S. 4; P. 0, 
City. 

DOTOHERTY, J. W., 

smith, Walnut City ; born in Allegheny 
Co., Penn., in 1832 ; his father, James, 



Dennis. 
; P. 0. 



Walnut 



black- 



also a blacksmith, emigrated to America, 
settled in Pennsylvania ; two or three 
years after, sent for the family, all of 
whom came and settled in Allegheny 
Co., where J. W.'s grandflither died at 
the advanced age of 80 years ; his 
mother was born in Ireland in 1804 ; 
when an infant, her parents emigrated to 
America, settled in Allegheny Co., 
Penn., and engaged in farming; moved 
to Mercer Co., where her father died. 
They married in Allegheny Co. in 1828, 
followed his trade until 1856, came to 
Louisa Co., Iowa, and engaged in farm- 
ing until 1864, when he, at the age of 
60, enlisted in the 11th Iowa V. I.; 
was with Sherman in his Southern cam- 
paign, also his march to the sea ; mus- 
tered out at Washington in 1865, and 
returned to his home. He, with his 
son, moved to Monroe Co.; remained 
one year ; came to this county, where 
he married Mrs. Patten; in 1874, he 
died at the advanced asje of 73 years. 
J. W. remained at home with the ex- 
ception of one year spent in Ireland ; 
in 1856, married Miss Mary McCon- 
nell ; she was born in Westmoreland 
Co., Penn., in 1836; her father, John 
McC, was born in Pennsylvania; her 
mother born in Ireland, died in Penn- 
sylvania ; her father died in this county, 
in March, 1868. J. W. engaged in 
farming for ten years, except in 1862, 
in North Carolina; was drafted into 
the service for nine months ; spring 
of 1865, came to Monroe Co., remained 
one year at his trade ; in 1866, came to 
this county, farmed until 1869, when he 
removed to his present residence, still 
retaining his farm of eighty acres, valued 
at $1,800; also owns his residence and 
shop and lot, valued at SI, 500; they 
have four children — Mary A. (now 
Mrs. Patten, a resident of Chariton Tp.,) 
Lydia J., James M. and Sarah A. 
Neutral in politics ; members of the Re- 
formed Presbyterian Church, in which 
he holds the office of Ruling Elder. 

Delashment, J. B., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Den- 
nis. 

l>OKRAH, W. P., farmer and stock- 
raiser ; born in Monongalia Co., W. Va.,- 
in 1821 ; moved to this county in 1856 ; 
has 359 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre with two sets of buildings and a 



562 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



bearing orchard, which he and wife made 
by their hard labor. He married Mary 
Varner, in Virginia ; they had six chil- 
dren — Lonamy, Margret, Matilda, 
Phoebe J., Arthela and David E. ; Mrs. 
Dorrah died in Iowa, in 1862, and he 
married for his second wife Anna Chil- 
dress, in Iowa, 1864; she was born in 
Licking Co., Ohio; they have four chil- 
dren — Alice, Hugh, Charles and Milow. 
He has held the offices of Coroner, Jus- 
tice of the Peace, Constable, and Road 
Supervisor, and all the principal town- 
ship offices. Members of the Baptist 
Church ; Democrat. P. 0. Walnut City. 
Dunn, W. G., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

ELGEN, A. M., farmer, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 
ELGIN, GEORGE, far.. Sec. 6; P. 
0. Walnut City ; born in Abbeville, 
South Carolina, 1808; moved with his 
father, James E., to Franklin Co., Ind., 
near Brookville, two years after the bat- 
tle of Tippecanoe ; he endured the hard- 
ships of pioneer life until his death in 
1830 ; George, being the eldest child, re- 
mained at home and took charge of work, 
receiving but two months, schooling, 
which he obtained in exchange for his 
24-cent knife. In 1831, married Miss 
Mary Hastings, who was born in Mo- 
nongahela City, Penn., 1813 ; her parents 
Job and Keziah H., moved to Morgan 
Co., Ind. ; thence to Franklin Co. ; Mr. 
and Mrs. Elgin married in Franklin Co. ; 
soon after moving to Morgan Co., en- 
gaged in farming; in 1847, she died 
leaving four children — John M., Sarah 
J., Job H., Jr., and B. F., who enlisted 
in ITth I. V. I. Co. F ; on account of 
ill-health was discharged and died at 
Keosauqua, on his way home. In 1854, 
purchased the farm he now owns, con- 
sisting of 160 acres, valued at $40 per 
acre ; he has raised corn enough upon it 
in a single year to pay for it at that 
price. In 1860, married Mrs. Phebe 
Armstrong ; she was born in Harrison 
Co., Ind., March 22, 1826, daughter of 
Joseph and Jane A., who emigrated to 
this county in 1856 ; soon after his 
mother died ; his father was Pastor of 
the Baptist Church at Moravia, and 
died while engaged in that work in 1864 ; 
they have one child — Mary J., born in 



1861. Mr. E. is a member of the 
Christian Church ; Mrs. E. of the Bap- 
tist Church. He has held the office of 
Township Trustee for five years, and 
school offices. 

Elgen, J. S, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 

EVERMAIV, MICHAEL, farmer 
and stock grower. Sec. 13; P. 0. Cen- 
terville ; born in Montgomery Co., Ky., 
in 1825 ; his father, Andrew E., a farm- 
er, was born in West Virginia in 1780 ; 
his mother, Nancy A., born in North 
Carolina ; were married in Kentucky, 
their parents settled in that State. His 
grandfather, born in Germany ; rest of 
the family in the South. Michael ob- 
tained a good common-school education. 
Married Miss Abagail Lookabill ; she 
was born in North Carolina, in 18:^8; 
her parents, George and Elizabeth L., 
were early settlers of Putnam Co., 
Ind. ; farmers. His father a hatter ; 
an expert at his trade ; formerly engaged 
in business at Lexington and other cities ; 
in 1846, came to Monroe Co., Iowa; 
purchased land near Bremen P. 0. ; in 
1850, came to this county. Center Tp. ; 
in 1866. removed to his present farm; 
owns 156 acres, valued at $30 per acre, 
had nine children — William F., born in 
Putnam Co., Ind., in 1845; Mary E., 
born in Putnam Co., Ind., in 1847 ; 
Martha A., born in Monroe Co., Iowa, in 
1849 ; Nancy E., born in Appanoose Co., 
in 1851 ; Amanda J., born in Appanoose 
Co., in 1852 ; Neaty M., born in Appa- 
noose Co., Iowa, in 1854 ; Barton S., 
born in Appanoose Co., Iowa, in 1856; 
Laura R., born in Appanoose Co., Iowa, 
in 1858; Jessie M., born in Appanoose 
Co., Iowa, in 1864 ; died in 1868. Mr. 
and Mrs. E., William F. and Mary E. 
are members of the Christian Church ; 
mother of Mr. E. joined that Church 
in Old Barton Stone's time ; then called 
New Lights ; his father was a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church. 
FOSTER, ELIHU, farmer. Sec. 34 ; 
P. 0. Walnut City. 
HAINES, A. F., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 

HARMON, W. A., far., Sec._ 18; 
P. 0. Centerville; born in Ohio in 
1842 ; the same year, his parents, 
George and Juda H., removed to 
Wapello Co., Iowa ; were extensive 



WALNUT TOWNSHIP. 



563 



farmers ; he died there in 18G4 ; she in 
1872. W. A., in 1865, married Miss 
Rachel Ellen Carter ; she was born in 
Indiana in 18-17; daughter of John H. 
and Rachel Ellen Carter, from Indiana ; 
farmers; settled in Walnut Tp. in 18B6. 
Came to this county, where he purchased 
the farm he now owns, of 136 acres, 
valued at ^20 per acre; in the fall of 
1867, he went west to Boise Valley, 
Idaho, where he engaged in farming for 
three years ; then returned. They have 
four children — John S., born in 1866; 
Marietta, born in February, 1872 ; 
William H., born in May, 1875; 
Marion H., born Sept. 20, 1877. 
Democrat. 

Harmon, W. H., far., Sec. 18; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Harris, D., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 

Haines, J., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 

Harris, N., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 

Harris, William, fir., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. Wal- 
nut City. 

Hartwell, W. R., far.. Sec. 7; P. 0. Wal- 
nut City. 

Hickson, Samuel, far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 

Holloway, James A., far.. Sec. 13; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Holloway, Thomas, far.. Sec. 14; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 

Huston, H., far., S. 16; P. 0. Centerville. 

HIISTOIV, THOMAS, JR., far , 

Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Centerville; born in 
Columbiana Co., Ohio, April 10, 1827 ; 
his parents, Thomas H., Sr., and Mary 
H. (nee Glazier), came there from Penn- 
sylvania ; in 1837, moved to Jackson 
Co., Ohio; settled upon the farm where 
they lived until death ; he died in 1867 ; 
she in 1868. Thomas, Jr., had no ed- 
ucational privileges. Remained at home 
until 23 years of age, when he married 
Miss Elizabeth Ruse ; she was born in 
Perry Co. in 1 834 ; daughter of Fred- 
erick and Mary R.; he from Virginia, 
she a native of that county ; farmers ; 
removed to Jackson Co., where Mr. and 
Mrs. Thomas II., Jr., were married, and 
remained until the mother's death, in 
1844— the father's in 1860. Mr. H. 
commenced farming by renting, until 
1861, when he came to this county and 
purchased land one-half mile east of his 
farm, where he now owns 117 acres of 



land, valued at $25 per acre. Has five 
children — Hiram, born in 1853 ; Fred- 
erick, born in 1855 ; James, born in 
1858; Rosella, born in 1865; George, 
born in 1872. Democrat; members of 
the M. E. Church. 

JACKSON, GEO., far., Sec. 2; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 

KINNAMAN, DANIEL, Sec. 36; 
P. 0. Dennis. 
LEPPER, JAMES, far., S. 15 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Lincoln, Wm., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

Long, D. H., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

JLUCE, BOWEX, farmer. Sec. 4; 
P. 0. Walnut City ; born in Greene 
Co., -Penn., in 1824. His fither, 
Henry, was born in New Jersey in 
1793, as was also his grandfather, 
Samuel L.; moved to Greene Co., Penn., 
in 1803 ; all farmers. Married Miss 
Mary Buckingham, born in Greene Co., 
Penn., in 1790 ; remained there until 
their deaths ; raised a family of seven 
children ; she died in 1845, at the age 
of 55 years; he died August 15, 1873, 
at the advanced age of 80 years. 
Bowen L. remained at home until 25 
years of age, then engaged in farming 
for himself, renting a part of his father's 
farm. In 1854, he married Miss Hannah 
Homer ; she was born in Fayette Co., 
Penn., in 1828; her father, Amos, 
a farmer and wagoner, was killed in 
February, 1848, by his team; her 
mother died four years previous and 
left a family of fifteen children, all of 
whom are settled in the East. In 
September, 1864, they moved to this 
county, purchased 300 acres of land, to 
which he has since added 139 acres, all 
valued at $25 per acre, and erected a 
residence at a cost of $2,000. Have 
three children — Joseph, born Aug. 22, 
1855 ; John, born Sept. 20, 1860, and 
James Franklin, born Dec. 22, 1863. 
Republican ; Mrs. Luce is a member 
of the M. E. Church. 

McCONNELL, D., farmer. Sec. 8; 
P. 0. Walnut City. 
McNeal, W., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Centerville. 
McXEFF, D. T., farmer, and stock- 
grower, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Walnut City ; 
born in Harrison Co., lud., in 1825 ; 



564 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



his grandfather, John T. McN., a dealer 
in fine houses, mysteriously disappeared 
in 1802, while away with a drove of 
horses ; supposed to have been murdered ; 
his father, Thomas M., born in Ken- 
tucky ; went to Corydon, Harrison 
Co., Ind. ; learned the cabinet-maker's 
trade ; ten or twelve years after, engaged 
in farming ; in 1853, came to this county 
and township, where he died in 1856, 
at the age of 56 ; his mother died in 
1844, in Morgan Co., Ind. ; she was of 
German descent ; born in Pennsylvania ; 
her parents came down the Ohio River 
on a flatboat ; settled in Harrison 
Co., Ind., among the earliest settlers ; 
her father was a blacksmith. Mr. McNeff" 
married Miss Maria J. Glasscock, daugh- 
ter of George M. and Isabell G. ; she 
was born in Mason Co., Ky. ; moving to 
Morgan Co., Ind., when married ; she 
died May 12, 1870, leaving seven chil- 
dren — Sarah C. (now wife of Newton 
Harris), (Thomas M., a successful teacher 
and salesman), John S. (farming), Mary 
A. (of Ottawa, Kan., also a successful 
teacuer), Franklin P. (who married Miss 
Phebe J. Hiat in 1871), George M. and 
Emma A. He and his first wife were 
members of the M. E. Church ; Mrs. 
McNeff is a Baptist ; Republican. Mr. 
McNeff, while young, was a successful 
teacher ; since coming here has attended 
much to teaching vocal music, also an 
auctioneer. 

McNeff, Thomas, far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Wal- 
nut City. 

McVay, V. C, far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Wal- 
nut City. 

Miner, Wm., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

Morris, R. S., far., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

MYERS, WILI.IAM, farmer and 
stock-raiser. Sec. 3; P. 0. Walnut 
City; born in Dearborn Co., Ind., Jan. 
29, 1832 ; moved to Iowa in November, 
1852; settled 200 acres of land, has 
since bought additional, and has now 
700 acres, valued at $35 per acre ; has 
three bearing orchards, twenty miles of 
fence, and three and one-half miles of 
good Osage hedge. Married Elizabeth 
Osburn, daughter of William ( 'sburn ; 
she was born in Pike Co., 111., in 1835 ; 
they have three children — Mary Alice, 



Manna and Rosia W.; they were born 
in Iowa. Mr. Myers was left an orphan 
boy ; came here poor, and by his in- 
dustry has accumulated a large proper- 
ty, free of debt ; he has several sets of 
good buildings, good fruit, and all the 
comforts of life ; he is about the oldest 
settler in the township ; he helped to 
build the first schoolhouse in the town- 
ship ; ground his first wheat in a coffee- 
mill ; labored hard, but never neglected 
to purchase books and other reading for 
the benefit of his family. They are 
members of the Christian Church ; he 
is a Republican. He breeds and deals 
in thorough -bred short-horn stock. 

nVTEFF, J. W., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Cen- 

JJN terville. 

NASH, IfOAH H., farmer and 
stock-grower, Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Wal- 
nut City ; born in Jackson Co., 
Mo., in 1837; in 1845, his father, 
Noah N., Sr., removed to this county 
and settled in Chariton Tp., among the 
very earliest settlers, and experienced 
all the disadvantages of pioneer life ; 
wolves were troublesome, and notwith- 
standing all precautions, frequently 
killed their pigs and sheep ; a neighbor 
lost eleven of the latter at one time ; one 
great inconvenience was the want of 
money, 83 being the entire sum in his 
possession, a very limited amount for 
the maintenance of a family of ten, un- 
til something could be produced in the 
way of a crop, and, as he was lame, he 
was incapable of performing very hard 
work ; hadn't even a team, hav- 
ing hired his family and goods trans- 
ported from Alexandria ; it re- 
quired all the men within a circuit 
of six miles to erect a log cabin ; they 
broke a farm, and remained until 1860, 
when his wife died, leaving a family of 
eleven children ; after which he married 
a widow lady, by name Hixon, having 
one child ; lived with her until his 
death, in 1874 ; on arriving at Ap- 
panoose, Noah Jr. was 8 years of age; 
he remained with his father, doing all in 
his power for the maintenance and sup- 
port of the family, the cultivation and 
improvement of the farm, until 20 years 
of age, when he engaged in farming for 
others, working land on shares, etc., un- 
til 1862, when he purchased his farm, 



WALNUT TOWNSHIP. 



565 



consisting of sixty-five acres. Sept. 
25, 1858, he married Miss Rosana 
Darrah, daugheer of Henry D., of this 
county ; she was born in Monongalia 
Co., Va., in 1838 ; have five children — 
Delilah, born in June, 1860 ; Cornelius, 
born Nov. 15, 1861 ; Charles H., born 
in May, 1864; died Feb. 14, 1870; 
James A., born Feb, 14, 1866; LouisB 
D., born Sept. 18, 1867. Has added 
to his real estate until he owns 255 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Greenbacker. Has held the office of 
Constable, and school offices ; now 
elected Supervisor. 
XEJEDHAM, B. W., farmer. Sec. 
1 7 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born in the 
barrens of Kentucky, in April, 1813, 
while his parents, John and Nancy N., 
were moving from North Carolina to 
Indiana ; attempted to settle in Indiana, 
but were driven back by the Indians, 
and returned to Kentucky, but in 1815 
made a permanent settlement in Jen- 
nings Co., Ind. The settlers built a 
blockjiouse, and often fortified them- 
selves within it for protection. They 
cleared a farm near where the village 
of San Jacinto now stands, where he died 
in 1851, she in the fall of 1855. B. 
W.'s grandfather was a soldier of the 
Revolution ; two Tories were killed in 
his own house ; himself and B. W.'s 
father buried a boy who was executed 
for informing the enemy where the 
Whigs were encamped. His mother's 
brother, Harry Bland, also a soldier of 
the Revolution, while leaving his house 
was killed by Tories, who first tried to 
run him through with a sword. Her 
father, Moses B., was a resident of 
North Carolina. At 23, B. W. mar- 
ried Miss Zerilda E. Holman ; she was 
born in Kentucky in 1815. Her 
parents, William and Mary, early set- 
tlers of Kentucky, afterward emigrated 
to Ohio ; pioneers of that State. The 
father served as Judge, for a term ; his 
father and oldest brother were killed as 
rangers in Ohio. 'In November, 1837, 
moved to Bartholomew Co., Ind., en- 
gaging in farming; in December, 1838, 
his wife died, leaving one child — George 
M., now a resident of Decatur Co. He 
married Miss Nancy Blair, daughter of 
Benjamin and Ruth Blair, of Clarke Co., 



Ind., from North Carolina, afterward 
of Jackson Co., where he die(i when 
she was 6 years of age ; her mother 
died three years previous. She lived 
with a sister who moved to Jeff'erson 
Co., thence to Jennings Co., where they 
were married, after which they removed 
to Bartholomew Co.; thence, in 1854, 
to this county, where he owns 200 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
They have two children — Zerilda, born 
Dec. 21, 1843,and Silas M., born July 16, 
1848 ; they have lost five. Republican ; 
Members of the M. E. Church. He has 
been since December, 1831 ; she joined 
when 17 years of age. 

OSBORN, A., far., Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Centerville. 
PENNINGTON, THOMAS, far.. Sec. 
1 ; P. 0. Dennis. 
Phillips, J., for., S. 16 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

ROBIISOX, JAMES E., farmer. 
Sec. 1.0 ; P. O. Centerville ; born in 
Montgomery Co., Va., in 1830 ; his 
father (of German descent) was born in 
that county ; grandfather moved there 
from Pennsylvania; his mother, Nancy 
R. (nee Christman), of Irish de- 
scent, born in same county, and 
remained until her death, in 1836 or 
1837 ; his father died in 1858. James 
E. remained at home, allowed the most 
limited advantages for education, until 
18 years of age, then worked at the car- 
penter's trade, learned before leaving 
home ; visited Tennessee and worked for 
a time in Knoxville, Nashville and other 
cities in Tennessee ; in 1849, went to 
Peoria, 111., and followed his trade. 
August, 1852, married Mrs. Lavina 
Smith, daughter of Amos and Ruth 
Brown ; her first husband was William 
Smith, of Belmont Co., Ohio, at the 
time of his death a farmer near Peoria ; 
a man much loved and esteemed by all 
who knew him, for his strict honesty and 
integrity, which won him the name of 
Honest Billy ; left three children — 
Sarah H,, Robert B. and Eliza J. ; Sarah 
H., now Mrs. J. B. Sommers, of Cen- 
terville, married May 8th, 1863, resides 
in Derby, Lucas Co. ; Robert B., a res- 
ident of Cherokee Co., Kan., a farmer, 
enlisted in Co. G, 36th Iowa V. I. ; was 
at Mark's Mill and other battles ; taken 
prisoner and held at Tyler, Tex., ten 



566 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



months ; mustered out at close of war ; 
Elffa J., married, April 19, 1869, C. M. 
Man, of this county, a blacksmith ; 
served through the war in Co. B, 6th 
Iowa V. I. ; afterward died in Reno Co., 
Kan., June 26, 1876. His father, of 
English birth, came to this country 
when a boy, an early settler of Mary- 
land ; moved to South Carolina, laid out 
and owned the town of Snowhill ; thence 
to Kentucky ; was an early settler of 
that State in the time of Boone ; some 
of his sons served in the Revolutionary 
war; her mother (nee Nelson), born in 
Kentucky, the youngest of ten children, 
died at the remarkable age of 110 years; 
Her brothers were Charles, Nathaniel, 
Samuel, John and Joseph, all died in 
Indiana ; her sisters are Mrs. Polly 
Hutchinson, Mrs. Sarah Keith, Mrs. 
Jane Drake, and Rebecca, unmarried, 
all died in Indiana between the ages of 
70 "and 90. September, 1852, Mr. and 
Mrs. Robison came to Centerville, where 
he worked at his trade; fall of 1857, 
moved to his present farm in Walnut Tp., 
of fifty-five acres, valued at $30 per acre. 
They have five children — Lucy M., 
Frances E., Mary, George M. and 
Henry. Republican ; Mr. R. is a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church ; Mrs. R. is a 
member of the Christian Church. 

SCOTT, A. R., far., Sec. 3; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 

Scott, C, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 

SCOTT, XANCY, farmer, Sec. 6; 
P. 0. Walnut City ; born in Lincoln 
Co., Ky., in 1819. Her father, Joseph 
Ray, was from Virginia ; her mother, 
Grace Ray (nee Lang), was born in 
Pennsylvania, both near the division 
line of the two States. Soon after mar- 
riage, moved to Kentucky ; engaged in 
farming; in 1826, moved to Ripley Co., 
thence to Morgan Co. ; cleared a farm 
and remained until their deaths, in 
1848. After teaching school for some 
time, at the age of 22, Miss Ray married 
David Scott ; he was born in Indiana, 
in 1817; was a farmer of Morgan Co., 
Ind.; in 1853, came to this county and 
settled in Walnut Tp. ; purchased land 
of the Government ; engaged in farm- 
ing and stock dealing until 1862 ; while 
on business in Kansas, he died, leaving 
seven children — ^Noah M., now Clerk of 



the Court of this county; C. R., who 
died of the disease contracted in the 
army ; B. M., died at Davenport, Iowa, 
of disease contracted in the army ; Day- 
ton 0., Thomas, Clayton and Milton. 
Owned over 700 acres of land, valued 
at $25 per acre ; well stocked and im- 
proved. Members of the Christian 
Church. 

Scott, N. M., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

SCOTT, R. B., farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. 
0. Centerville ; born in Wayne Co., 
Ky., Jan. 13, 1816; he went to Mor- 
gan Co., 111., in 1829, moved to Iowa in 
1837, and thence to Missouri, and re- 
turned to Lee Co., Iowa ; came to this 
county in 1857 ; he followed brick- 
making while in Missouri, followed farm- 
ing the remainder of his time ; also fol- 
lowed the ministry and exhorting twenty 
years in M. E. persuasion. Has 145 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre ; 
formerly owned 600 adjoining his pres- 
ent farm ; has held the ofl&ces of Con- 
stable and Deputy Sherifi" in "Lee Co. 
He married Vashti Smith in Lee Co., 
Iowa, in 1846; she was born in Licking 

■ Co., Ohio, in 1824 ; they have three 
children — Lavina, Nevada Bell and 
Charles Harvey ; and a daughter died 
at the age of 18 years ; Mrs. Scott died 
in Iowa in 1874. He married for his 
second wife Mary Conger, in Iowa, in 
1875 ; she was born in Ohio ; he has 
been a Class-Leader and Superintendent 
of Sabbath school ; they have one child 
— Alma Luella. Republican. 

Scott, Thos. C, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

Shank, G., fiir., S. 16; P. 0. Centerville. 

SHERRARD, S. T., former, Sec. 
31 ; P. 0. Walnut City ; born in Law- 
rence Co., Penn., in 1840, attending 
district school until at 18, when he 
entered the academy ; remained for two 
years, alternately teaching ; in 1860, 
married Miss Eliza Mathews, daughter 
of Joseph and Jane M. ; she was born 
in Lawrence Co., in 1838; her father 
died when she was six weeks old, her 
mother two weeks later ; raised by her 
uncle, Elijah Mathews; she was educated 
at Elizabeth town, Washington Co., 
Penn. ; were married by Rev. R. A. 
Browin, President of Westminster Col- 



WALNUT TOWNSHIP. 



567 



lege, Wilmington, Penn. Her only 
brother. Dr. David Mathew, is a mis- 
.sionary to Syria, 100 miles north of 
Jerusalem, where he has been for four- 
teen years. Mr. S. taught school dur- 
ing the winter months and farmed 
during the summer ; in 1872, they came 
to this county, where he has since en- 
gaged in farming; owns 180 acres of 
land, valued at $20 per acre. The 
father of Mr. S. is an extensive farmer 
of Henry Co., 111. ; his mother, Eliz- 
abeth S. (nee Baldwin), died there in 
1865 ; his father married Mrs. Angeline 
Cunningham. Have three children — 
Ella, born Feb. 1, 1864; Albert L., 
born Nov. 20, 1865 ; John Elmer R., 
born in Aj^ril, 1871. REPUBLICAN ; 
regular attendants of the Baptist and 
Reformed Presbyterian Church, and 
Sunday school ; Mr. S. is Assistant Su- 
perintendent of Sunday school. He has 
held school offices since coming to 
this county ; was Assessor two terms, 
also Justice of the Peace ; is Represent- 
ative to the State Legislature. 
Smith, C. L., far., Sec. 14; P. 0. Center- 

ville. 
Stafford, P., far., Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Center- 

ville. 
Stark, A., farmer. Sec. 18; P. 0. Center- 

ville. 
Stark, D. L., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Walnut 

City. 
Stark, D. T., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Walnut 

City. 
Stark, Phillips, far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Walnut 

City. 
Stephens, J. H., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Wal- 
nut City. 
Stephens, W. J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Cen- 

terville. 
Swanson, S. E., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Walnut 

City. 
SWEETMAN, JACOB, far.. Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born in Dela- 
ware Co., Ind., ia 1828, and moved to 
Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 1844, with 
his parents, and then to this county in 
1850 ; he improved the present farm ; 
he followed milling until the last three 
years ; had both a flouring and saw mill ; 
has now 200 acres of land, valued at 
$25 per acre. Married Mary E. Pierce 
in Iowa in 1861 ; she was born in 
Schuyler Co., 111., in 1814; they have 



three children — David D. D. C, Elmira 
M. and Thomas H. Democrat. 

THOMPSON, W. R., farmer. Sec. 18; 
P. O. Centerville. 
YANDIKE, A. R., farmer. Sec. 16 ; 
P. 0. Centerville. 
VAN DIKE, D. M., carpenter and 
builder, Sec. 16; P. 0. Centerville; 
born in West Virginia, May 11, 1841 ; 
moved to Iowa in 1852 ; he has princi- 
pally followed carpentering and building: 
recently sold his farm. He married 
Mary F. Bacus in Iowa in 1862 ; she 
was born in Ohio in 1841 ; they have 
six children — Ora Bell, Charles W., 
Clara Alice, George F., Cora A. and 
Orila N. They are members of the Bap- 
tist Church ; a Greenbacker. 
Vohlmer, J. H., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

WALKER, B. A., farmer. Sec. 31 ; 
P. 0. Walnut City. 

Williams, W., far., S. 30; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

WILIilAMS, M. M., farmer, Sec. 
10 ; P. 0. Centerville; born in Oneida 
Co., N. Y., Nov. 23, 1833 ; his parents, 
William and Lucretia W., settled in 
Oneida Co., in 1832 ; his father was 
born at West Point ; died in Oneida 
Co., in 1860 ; his mother was born in 
Oneida Co. ; died in this county in 1876. 
At the age of 14, Wm. M. went to work 
on the canal, first as driver, then steers- 
man ; afterward Captain ; followed that 
nine years, theti learned the trade of boat- 
builder on North Oneida Bay ; was em- 
ployed at that for five years, after which 
he followed the lumber trade at same 
place for two years. Oct. 22, 18 62, 
married Miss Cordelia D. Sheldon ; she 
was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1842 ; 
her father, Orlando W., a tanner and 
currier by trade, was born in Massachu- 
setts ; died from the effects of gas in 
a hotel in Springfield, Mass ; her mother, 
Mary W. (nee Linn), was born in that 
county and died in Oswego Co., N. Y., 
in 1868. Came to this county and pur- 
chased a quarter-section of land in Chari- 
ton Tp., and engaged in firming; Sep- 
tember, 1872, sold his property and re- 
moved to his present place of residence ; 
owns seventy-six acres of land, valued at 
$30 per acre ; they have one child — Ida 
M., born in 1866. Republican. Has 



568 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



held the offie of Township Trustee ; was 
School Director four years, and holds the 
office of Justice of the Peace. 



Wood, A., far., S. 13; P. 0. Centerville. 

ZINN, C. Z., farmer. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 



CALDWELL TOWNSHIP. 



ALBERTSON, J. K., farmer, Sec. 18 ; 
P. 0. Dean. 
ADAMJ^, :R^ATHAN, farmer, Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Caldwell ; born in North 
Carolina, in 1827; removed to Keokuk 
Co. 1852, then to this County in the 
fall of 1853. Have 105 acres of land' 
valued at $10 per acre. Married Miss 
Mary S. Sheik in 1853 ; she was born in 
North Carohna in 1836. They have 
eleven children — H. C, Nancy C, 
Martha J., George E., Jasper N., John 
W., Margaret E., William H., James 
F., Bishop and Thomas. Democratic ; 
members of M. E. Church. Held the 
office of Constable two years. 

BAKER, BENJAMIN, M., far.. Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

BArGHMAX, CHRISTIAI^, 

farmer. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Exline ; born in 
Westmoreland Co., Penn., in November, 
1814; removed to Van Buren Co., this 
State, 1852, thence to this county in 1862. 
He has 234 acres of land, valued at 
$15 per acre. Married Miss Sarah 
Dehlin 1835 ; she was born in Westmore- 
land Co., Penn., April, 1817. They 
have eight children — Cornelia, Eliza- 
beth, Martha M., Rachel J., Mike, 
Margaret J.,Wm. C. and John H. Mr. 
B. has always held to Democratic prin- 
ciples, but was forced by the Repub- 
licans to vote their ticket while living 
over the line in Missouri during the 
war. He is a member of the Lutheran 
■ Church : Mrs. B. of the M. E. Church. 
Has held the office of Township Treasurer 
for eleven years and six months. 

Beard, Elisha J., farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Exline. 

Beard, Robert, farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Ex- 
line. 

Beard, William, Sec. 6 ; P, 0. Exline. 

Benefiel, J. N., far., Sec. 5; P. O. 
Exline. 

Benefiel, J. W., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Ex- 
line. 



Bennett, I., far., Sec. 27; P. 0. Cald- 
well. 

Bert, C. L., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Bever, S. J., farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. O. 
Caldwell. 

Booth, H., far., S. 22 ; P. O. Centerville. 

Boston, G. W., far., Sec. 8; P. 0. Ex- 
line. 

Bradley, W., far.. Sec. 20; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Brady, C, far., S.21 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Burns, 0., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Byers, P., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Exline. 

CAMPBELL, J. C, far., Sec. 26 ; P. 
O. Centerville. 

CAIiDWELIi, JEREMIAH, 
far., Sec. 18; P. 0. Exline; born 
in this county, this township, Aug. 11, 
1847 ; is now 31 years of age, and has 
never been out of the county but once, 
then only to Ottumwa, and never was 
more than fifteen miles from where he 
was born but once ; his father, Michael 
C, and his half-brother, Anderson C, 
were among the earliest settlers of the 
township, it having been named for 
them. Mr. Caldwell owns 130 acres of 
land, valued at $15 per acre. Married 
Miss Lucinda Cline in 1867 ; she was 
born in Ohio in 1848 ; they have three 
children — Bertha Alice, born in 1868; 
William C, born in 1870 ; Lewis, born 
in 1872. Democrat; she is a member 
of the Christian Church. He is School 
Director in his district. 

Castor, N., far.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. ExHne. 

Catalin, S., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. O. Exline. 

Cline, C, fir.. Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Cline, H. M., far. ; P. 0. Exline. 

Cline, W. W. D., far.. Sec. 16; P. O. 
Exhne. 

Code & Wells, fars., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Moul- 
ton. 

Conger, J., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

Cormany, A. J., far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Dean. 

DAVIS, ISAAC, far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 



CALDWELL TOWNSHIP. 



569 



DAILiY, F. M., physician and sur- 
geon ; residence and office, Front street, 
Exline ; born in Caldwell Tp., this coun- 
ty, 1854 ; when about 4 years of age, 
his father removed to Putnam Co., Mo., 
where he engaged in farming and stock- 
raising until 1868, when he returned to 
this county and to this township, where 
he died in 1872, leaving six children, 
only three of whom are now living in the 
county. His mother is now living with 
him ; he owns the old homestead-farm 
containing 160 acres of land, valued at 
$3,500. When only 17 years of age, 
1871, married Miss Cordelia C. Worth- 
ington, daughter of J. H. Worthington, 
M. D., of this township; born in Put- 
nam Co., Mo., 1856 ; they have three 
children — Ellen V., born in 1874 ; 
Mary M., born in 1876 ; Frances M., 
born in 1878. Democratic ; he is a 
member of the Catholic Church. Dr. 
Daily commenced the study of medicine 
in 1873 with Dr. Worthington; has 
taken a regular college course, and 
graduated at the College for Physicians 
and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa, in the 
winter of 1878, and is enjoying as exten- 
sive a practice as any physician in the 
county. 

Davis, J., far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Dean. 

Dale, E., far., Sec. 32; P. 0. Exline. 

Daniels, J., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Demack, Thos., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Cald- 
well. 

Dotsou, W., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Drake. Thomas, far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Dean. 

EIKLE BERRY, JAMES, far., Sec. 
32 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Ellis, E., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Ellis, P., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Ellis, W., far.. Sec. 20; P. 0. Centerville. 

ERVIIV, X. N., blacksmith, P. 0. 
Exline ; born in Vinton Co., Ohio, in 
1842 ; removed to this county in 1854; 
owns his shop and residence, and ten 
acres of land. Married Miss Emanda 
Buck in 1864; she was born in Meigs 
Co., Ohio, in 1843. Republican. En- 
listed in the 6th Iowa Inf , Co. D, Cap- 
tain Walden, 1862; participated at 
Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, all through 
Jackson, Miss., Atlanta, Snake Gap, 
Mission Ridge, and others ; mustered 
out at Davenport in 1864. Mr. Ervin 



has the only blacksmith-shop between 
Cincinnati and Centerville, and has an 
excellent run of custom. 
EXLISTB, DAVID, dealer in gen- 
eral merchandise, Main St., Exline ; res- 
idence same ; born in Jackson Co., Ohio, 
in 1826 ; removed to this county in 
1865 ; first settled in Orleans, where he 
engaged in merchandising until August, 
1866, when he removed to Robley's 
Mills, purchased an interest in the mills, 
and also engaged in merchandising ; in 
1868, he sold out his business there, 
and came to Caldwell (so-called at that 
time); engaged in farming and merchan- 
dising ; during 1872, he commenced to 
plat and lay out the village of Exline, 
still continuing to sell goods, and is now 
running a branch store at West Grove, 
Davis Co., in charge of J. Mincks ; Mr. 
E. is also engaged in buying and shipping 
live-stock and grain, and largely en- 
gaged in buying railroad ties ; he owns 
165 acres of land in this township, 
forty-four lots, with three residences, 
store and store-room, a set of Fairbanks' 
scales, with granaries for 5,000 bushels 
of grain, cooper-shop and other proper- 
ty. Married Miss Sarah Hartley Aug. 
16, 1849; she was born in Pennsyl- 
vania July 23, 1830 ; they were mar- 
ried in Ohio, where her parents settled 
at a very early date ; they have had ten 
children, seven of whom are still living 
— Charlotte, born in July, 1850, died 
Aug. 31, 1850; Milton, in November, 
1851; Harriet, born Dec. 17, 1853; 
William A., born Sept. 4, 1855 ; Mary 
A., born Feb. 23, 1858, was murdered 
on the night of Aug. 26, 1877; John 
W., born April 8, 1860 ; George W., 
born July 29, 1862; Isaac D., born 
Nov. 6., 1864 ; died Sept. 30, 1865 ; 
Joseph E., born Sept. 2, 1866 ; Benja- 
min F., born July 29,1869. Demo- 
ocrat. Has held the office of Jus- 
tice of the Peace for eight years ; a 
member of the A., F. & A. M. Trowel 
Lodge, at Jackson, Ohio. 

FARNSWORTH, ELI, farmer, Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 
Fisher A. F., far., S. 14; P. 0. Exline. 
Fisk, W. R., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 
Fowler, Benjamin, far.. Sec. 19 P. 0. 
Exline. 



570 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY ; 



FOWI.ER, IMMER, farmer, Sec. 
19 ; P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Noble 
Co., Ohio, in 1843; in 1867, came to 
this county, where he owns 120 acres of 
land, valued at $20 per acre. In 1869, 
he married Miss Mary Stewart ; she 
was born in Marietta, Ohio, in 1850 ; 
they have three children — Charles C, 
born in 1870 ; Debra E., born in 1872, 
and Hattie I., born in 1875. In 
December, 1861, he enlisted in Co. G, 
78th Ohio V. I., Capt. Kepthart; was 
in battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, 
Vicksburg, all through Kenesaw Moun- 
tain, Atlanta and Savannah ; enlisted as 
private and served as Sergeant last one 
and one-half years', while in camp at 
Louisville, Ky., an order was issued to 
furlough three to six companies, and in 
order to increase the per cent of fur- 
loughs, the oflBcers, upon their own re- 
sponsibility, issued an order for one to 
each company to be furloughcd for the 
purpose of carrying the money home, 
the regiment having just been paid off; 
Mr. Fowler was selected from his com- 
pany for that purpose, and taking over 
S2,000, brought it home and distributed 
it among the families and friends of his 
companions in arms. Republican ; 
members of M. E. Church. Has held 
the ofl&ce of Township Clerk two terms. 

Freeborn, John, farmer, Sec. 13 ; P. O. 
Dean. 

Fry, R. H., farmer, Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

r^ LASBURN, A., Exline. 

Garven, Thomas, farmer, Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Caldwell. 

GAUGHEXBAUGH, MOISEN, 

farmer. Sec. 19; P. 0. Centerville ; 
born in Fayette Co., Penn., June 2, 
1825 ; located herein 1856, and owns 102 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Member of the M. E. Church, and a 
Greenbacker. His wife, Malsenia Jones, 
born in Missouri ; they were married 
March, 1859, and had seven children — 
Fordice, Isaac, Curtis, John, Clark, 
James, George and Moses — the latter 
was a son by a former wife. Mr. Gaug- 
henbaugh has his farm well cultivated. 

Gibson, A., farmer. Sec. 22; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Glasburn, S. C, Exline. 



GOUGH, JAMES H., farmer, 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Caldwell ; born in North 
Carolina in 1818; removed to Poweshiek 
Co., this State in 1852, thence to this 
county in 1854. Has 135 acres of land 
valued at $11 per acre. Married Miss 
Martha Sheik in December, 1842; she 
was born North CaroHna, 1822. Demo- 
cratic ; Mrs. Gough is a member of the 
M. E. Church. Has held the office of 
Constable eight years ; Justice of the 
Peace, two years ; Township Trustee, 
several years. A member of A., F. & 
A. M. Lodge, No. 42, Centerville. 

Guifey, T. H., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Exline. 

HARTLEY, J., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. 
Caldwell. 

HARREL, WIIiLIAM, dealer in 
dry goods and groceries, M ain st. , Exline ; 
residence same ; born in Rush Co., Ind., 
in 1833 ; removed with his parents 
when a boy to Van Buren Co., this State, 
where his father engaged in farming, 
and where he remained, assisting in the 
management of the farm until 1 874, when 
he married Miss Phoebe A. Knight, who 
was born in Indiana in 1842 ; they then 
came to this county, and to this place, 
where he has opened his house for the 
purpose of keeping a boarding house, 
and also has an excellent line of the above 
goods, which he offers at extremely low 
low prices for cash. 

Harris, E., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Hartley, D. P., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Cald- 
well. 

Hartley, G. M., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Cald- 
well. 

Hartley, P., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Hartseh, A., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Heckithon, A., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Hendershot, W., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Hissem, D. H., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Hudson, D. F., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Dean. 

Huff, John, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Hutchison, A. J., farmer, Sec. 2; P. 0. 
Caldwell. 

Hutchison, James, farmer, Sec. 15 ; P. 0. 
Exline. 

HUTCHISON, WILWAH A., 
farmer, Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Exline ; born in 
Holmes Co., Ohio, in 1845 ; removed to 
this county with his parents in 1857 ; 
owns sixty acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre. Married Miss Nancy Cald- 
well in 1866 ; she was born in this 



CALDWELL TOWNSHIP. 



571 



county in 1845. Daughter of Ander- 
son Caldwell, who was born inVh-ginia; 
he was among the very earliest settlers 
in this township — the township having 
been named for the family ; died here 
in 1857; her mother died in 1852. 
They have five children — William S., 
M. M., J. C, N. M. and E. L. Repub- 
lican ; Mr. and Mrs. Hutchison are 
members of the M. E. Church. En- 
listed in the 18th Missouri Infantry, 
Co. I, Capt. Maxwell, private, Feb. 
1862; participated at Shiloh, first and 
second battles at Corinth, with Sher- 
man on his march to the sea and return 
to Washington ; mustered out as 2d 
Sergeant, at St. Louis, July, 1865. 

JOHNSON, T., farmer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Exline. 

JOHNSON AliFRED, far.; born 
in Belmont Co., Ohio in 1845; in 1855, 
his parents came to this county, where they 
still occupy the farm on which they first 
settled. He married Miss Maggie 
Lowry in 1864; she was born in 
Bridgeport, Ohio, in 1844; they have 
three children — James E., born Feb. 24, 
1865 ; Trissie L., born March 27, 1867, 
and Harry E., born Feb. 18, 1870. 
Demcorat. Has held the office of Con- 
stable and school offices ; now Township 
Clerk. P. 0. Caldwell. 

Johnson, William P., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Exline. 

Jones, S., far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

KINKADE, J., far., S. 32; P. 0. 
Exline. 
Kirby, D., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Dean. 
Kirby, F. M., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Exline. 
Kirby, W. E., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Exline. 
Kirby, W. R., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Centerville. 
Kirkendall, A., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 
Klum, H., far., S. 20 ; P. O. Centerville. 
Korn, S., far., S. 1.3 ; P. 0. Dean. 

LARUE, G. W., farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 
0. Exline. 
Leonard, J., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 
Lesly, J. C, far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Centerville. 
Lowry, J. A., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

McCLASKEY, ROBERT, farmer, 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 
iMcClaskey, T., far., S. 2 ; P. O. Caldwell. 
McConnell, R., farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 

Caldwell. 
McConnell, W., far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Cald- 
well, 



McCoy, W. M., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Cald- 
well. 

McCOY, MITCHEL, farmer, Sec. 
22; P. 0. Centerville; born May 24, 
1840, in Monroe Co., Ohio; in 1849, 
came to Appanoose Co. ; owns eighty 
acres of land. Married Serena Eddy 
Aug. 15, 1867 ; she was born Sept. 29, 
1847, in Monroe Co., Ohio ; her parents 
came to this county in 1866 ; they have 
four children — Gilbert A., Ida, Ellda 
and Melvina. Democrat ; she is a mem- 
ber of the Christian Church. 

McCoy, T., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

McCoy, W. A., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

McCjUJIRE, CHARIiES, farmer, 
Sec. 32 ; P. 0. ExHne ; born in Clarke 
Co., Ind., in 1832; in 1845, his father 
removed to Jefi"erson, Ind., where he en- 
gaged in farming until his death, which 
occurred in 1855 ; his mother died iu 
1876, on the home farm, where his 
brother still resides ; his mother's mother 
died at the same place May, 1877. Mr. 
McGuire crossed the plains to Califor- 
nia in 1853 ; settled in the Medego 
Valley, near Petaluma, where he en- 
gaged in dairying and farming during 
his sojourn there. He became acquainted 
with Miss Amanda Johnson, whom he 
married in 1856 ; she was born in Ful- 
ton Co., 111., in 1837 ; her parents re- 
moved to California in 1852, where they 
died ; her father, in August, 1857 ; her 
mother in September, 1854; in 1860, 
they came to this county, where he now 
owns a well improved farm of 150 acres, 
valued at $20 per acre ; their children 
are Oscar, Margaret M., James W., 
Rolland E., Frank, Mary V., Charley, 
Cerula and Ellen ; died November, 
1873 — William and Lilly. Democrat, 
Has held the offices of Township Trustee, 
Constable and school offices. 

Maberly, C. A., farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

MARlXliJ, T. B., farmer. Sec. 32 ; 
P.O. Exline; born May 17, 1833, in 
Belmont, Ohio; in October, 1855, 
came to Appanoose Co ; he owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Married Hannah M. Marshall April 11, 
1861; she was born March 15, 1844, 
in Harrison Co., Ohio ; had six chil- 
dren, three living — Jacob B., William 
F. and Luella ; lost three children in 



572 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



infancy. Has been a Director in the 
Agricultural Society several years, also 
Justice of the Peace, School Director, 
etc. Republican ; Member M. E. 
Church. 

Mario, Eli, ftir., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Meeher, C. E., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Meeher, Henry, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Merring, B., farmer. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Marlng, Jacob, farmer. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Exline. 

Maring, John, far., Sec. 4; P. 0. Exline. 

Maring, S., far., Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Maring, S. F., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. ExHne. 

Maring, William, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Cald- 
well. 

Metcalf, Uriah, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Dean. 

Michaels, Isaac, for., Sec. 16; P.O. Exline. 

Michael, L. D., far.. Sec. 16 ; P. O. ExHne. 

Miller, Peter, far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Mitchell, A. E., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Mitchell, J. W., far., Sec. 32; P. 0. 
Exline. 

Moore, Mansfield, far.. Sec. 36; P. 0. 
Caldwell. 

Moore, William R., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
Dean. 

MORCiJAlV, SAMUEL., former and 
stock-grower. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Exline; 
born in Grreene Co., Ohio in 1815 ; at 
the age of 14, he removed with his 
father to TijDpecanoe Co., Ind., where he 
engaged in his usual occupation — that of 
farming. His fiither died in 1843 ; still 
occupying the same farm on which he 
first located. After the death of his 
father, his mother removed with two of 
her sons to Pulaski Co., Northern In- 
diana, where she died in 1846. The 
subject of this sketch came to Davis Co., 
this State, in 1845, bought a farm and 
remained for eight years, or until 1853, 
when he came to this county, this town- 
ship, where he owns 412 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. He married Miss 
Susan Morgan, in Indiana, same county ; 
shewasborn in Greene Co., Ohio, in 1818. 
They have eight children, all doing for 
themselves except two — Martha, An- 
drew H., Samuel W., Daniel C, Fran- 
cis M., Louisa, Susanna and Artemisha. 
Raised a Whig, now a Democrat. Has 
held the office of Township Trustee, 



school offices, etc. Mr. Morgan has a 
fine stock farm, to which he devotes the 
most of his time and attention. A spring 
occupies a very prominent position upon 
his farm, watering seven large fields of 
fine pasture lands ; his farm, being well 
fenced, with fine groves, orcharding and 
good buildings, will rank with the best 
in the county. 
Mount, W., far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Dean. 

OLIVER, W. F., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
Dean. 
"DARK, J., far.. Sec. 8; P. O. Exline. 

Peckham, W., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. ExHne. 

Pitman, J. C, far., Sec. 27; P. 0. 
Caldwell. 

Pitman, S., far., Sec. 18; P. 0. ExHne. 

PRICE, ET. liANDIS, physician 
and surgeon, office on Main street. Ex- 
line ; residence, same ; born in Hunter- 
don Co., N. J., in 1819. When only 
5 years of age, his parents moved to 
Northumberland Co., Penn. ; at the age 
of 21, in the year 1840, he entered 
the Philadelphia Medical College, where 
he graduated in 1842, having pie- 
viously studied with his father, who was 
an eminent physician of long standing. 
At the age of 24, he married Miss 
Sarah E. Tunwick ; she was born in 
Northumberland Co., Penn., in 1823, 
and together they came to Paris, Stark 
Co., Ohio, where he entered upon his 
profession, and continued for one year, 
but his health seeming to fail, he re- 
turned to Pennsylvania; did not locate, 
but for ten years, accompanied by his 
wife, traveled in the dentistry business. 
In 1856, located at Bloomfield, Iowa, 
where he was well appreciated by the 
citizens of that city, and held in high 
esteem. In August, 1862, leaving a 
growing practice, he enlisted as private 
in the 30th Iowa V. I.; after serving as 
Hospital Steward for eight months, and 
one year as Assistant Surgeon, and one 
year as Surgeon, during which time he 
was sent to Rome, in charge of 300 
sick and wounded soldiers, and there 
was given charge of 600 invalids and 
five other surgeons, resigned in Mav, 
1865; in 1877, Mr. and Mrs. Price 
came to Exline ; they found the people 
of this village going three miles for their 
mail, the Government having denied the 



CALDWELL TOWNSHIP. 



573 



petition for a post office ; and, while 
many thouglit it not worth the while 
for a private individual, a lady, at that, 
to ask favor at the hand of so high an 
official as a Member of Congress, Mrs. 
Price sat about corresponding with 

Sampson, Representative from 

this District, which resulted in the es- 
tablishment of a post office at this place, 
with this lady in charge. Mrs. Price 
was correspondent of the /. 0. 0. F. 
Banner, formerly published at Bloom- 
field. 
Pugh, S., far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

RACHFORD, J. W., far.. Sec. 19 ; 
P. 0. Dean. 

Randolph, A., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Dean. 

Richardson, C. H., far., Sec 29 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Richardson, H. P., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Exline. 

Rowan, M. A., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Cald- 
well. 

Rowley, G. W., far., Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

SALYERS, WILLIAM, far.. Sec. 31 ; 
P. 0. Exline. 

Seafall, Fred, far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Exline. 

Seals, J. J., far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

SELI.ERS, DAl^IEL, dealer in 
dry -goods, groceries, boots and shoes, 
corner Front and Main sts., Exline; 
residence same ; born in Warren Co., 
Ohio, in 1833 ; removed to Southeast- 
ern Missouri in 1854, thence to this 
county in 1864. He owns forty acres 
of land on Sec. 33, residence and place 
of business, all valued at $2,000. Mar- 
ried Miss Eliza J. Carhart in 1857; 
she was born in Jefferson Co., Ind., in 
1830. They have four children — Alice 
J., born in 1858 ; Anna, born in 1861 ; 
Charles F., born in 1868, and George 
T., born in 1870. Republican ; Mr. 
and Mrs. Sellers and two daughters are 
members of the M. E. Church. He is 
a member of A., F. & A. M., at Hart- 
ford, Mo. Was enrolling officer for 
Federal army, at New Madrid, Mo., 
during the late war. 

Sherck, John, far., S. 4; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Shanks, James, far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Cald- 
well. 

Simmons, Peter, far. , Sec. 36 ; P. 0. 
Caldwell. 



SIMMOIVS, RICHARD, farmer. 
Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Caldwell ; born in Ohio 
in 1818 ; when a boy but 4 or 5 years 
of age, his father removed to Delaware 
Co., Ind., and followed the occupation 
of farmer ; died in 1 884 ; about three 
years after, his mother died on the farm 
where they had first settled, leaving him 
an orphan at the age of 19. He then 
had to depend upon himself. At the 
age of 20^ he married Miss Nancy 
McConnell ; she was born near Ports- 
mouth, Ohio, in 18.17 ; they remained 
in Delaware Co., farming, until 1835, 
when they removed to Polk Co., this 
State, but only remained there a short 
time, and came to this county, being 
among the first, if not the first, settlers 
of this county, settling upon the farm he 
now occupies, which contains 1 30 acres, 
having recently sold 80 acres to his son- 
in-law. They have five children — 
Peter, Elizabeth, William R., Eliza J. 
and Emma, all settled in this immediate 
vicinity except Eliza J., who married 
Silas Marion, of this township ; they 
have gone to Kansas. Greenbacker ; 
Mr. and Mrs. S. are members of the 
Christian Church. 

Sitz, Andrew, far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Smith, H., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Smith, R., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. O. Numa. 

Sommers, S., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Sleeth, Caleb, far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Steele, J. T., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Steele, Thos., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Stevens, F. A., far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Ex- 
line. 

Sturner, J., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

THOMAS, GEORGE, fkrmer. Sec. 
22 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Thomas, J., D., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Thompson, W., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Thornburg, W., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Tootwiler, M., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Traxler, J., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. ExUne. 

Tucker, H., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Caldwell. 

Turk, T. J., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

YANDIKE, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 16; 
P. 0. Exline. 

WALTER, JOHN, Sr., Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Caldwell. 
Walters, Wm., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Exline. 

6 



574 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



Williams, W., far., S. 18 ; P. O. Dean. 

Witheron, J. R., far., S. 11 ; P. O. Cald- 
well. 

WOOD, GEORC^E, farmer, Sec. 
21 ; P. O. Exline ; born in Clarke Co., 
Ind., April 27, 1819 ; removed to Davis 
Co., Iowa, in November,l 850 ; engaged in 
farming until 1855 ; then went to Wayne 
Co., this State, where he built a mill, 
which he controlled until 1860, when he 
sold a half-interest, and soon after ex- 
changed the balance for a farm near 
Promise City, Wayne Co., to which, 
during 1861, he moved, and engaged in 
farming for two and a half years, when 
he removed to this county, where he 
owns 219 acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre. He married Miss Emily E. 
Spencer in 1850; she was born near 
Norwich, Conn., in 1831 ; died in Feb- 
ruary, 1877, leaving five children — C. 
H., born in 1852; Gilbert G., born in 
1856, died May, 1878 ; Charles S., 
born in 1866 ; Emma E., born in 1868 ; 
George G., born in 1871. Greenbacker. 
Has held the offices of Township Assessor, 
Trustee and Clerk in Wayne Co., and 
school offices here. Was a member of 
the Border Brigade in 1 862 ; selected 
the men for that purpose from his town- 
ship. 

WORTHIXUTON, J. H., phy- 
sicianand surgeon, Exline ; born in Shel- 
by Co., Ky., in Deccember, 1822 ; when 
but 2 years of age, his father, Edward 
W., removed to Marion Co., Mo., after 
which he went to Galena, 111., to look 
for a location to settle and was there 
taken sick and died in 1828 ; his mother 
died at his home in 1874, at the ad- 
vanced age of 87 years. The Doctor 
owns a large tract of land in this county 
and Missouri, having 200 acres on Sec. 
8, this township and 200 acres on Sec. 



7, with 418 acres in Putnam Co., Mo. 
He married Miss Martha S. Kirby in 
1847 ; she was born in Howard Co., 
Mo., in 1823 ; she was daughter of 
William and Matilda Kirby, late resi- 
dents of Putnam Co., Mo. ; they have 
had ten children, eight of whom are 
still living — Matilda E., born in De- 
cember, 1849, died in August, 1864; 
William P., born in August, 1852; Dru- 
cilla J.,born in February, 1855; .Cordelia 
C, born in December, 1856 ;^ Cerula M., 
December, 1858 ; JeiFerson B., born in 
May, 1861 ; Henry L., born in October, 
1863; Anna A., born in May, 1866; 
Lutricia, born in September, 1869, died 
died March 5, 1872 ; Millie F., born in 
July, 1871 ; she lost her hearing when 
only two years of age ; their two oldest 
daughters living married practicing phy- 
sicians; Cornelia married H. C.Michaels, 
traveling in the interest of Fairbanks 
Morse & Co., scales. Commenced the 
practice of medicine in this county in 
1846 ; was the first practicing physician 
in the county; graduated at Keokuk 
in 1877, having practiced thirty years 
and more ; thirty-three of his family 
connections are practicing medicine ; he 
had five brothers, four of whom are prac- 
ticing. He joined the Baptist Church 
in Clark Co., Mo., in 1838 ; was licensed 
to preach in 1842 ; ordained in this 
county in 1873 ; Mrs. W. has been a 
member of the same Chnrch since Octo- 
ber, 1849. When a boy, in his 11th 
year, the Doctor was sent around to in- 
form the early settlers, then living near 
Keokuk, of a meeting to be held in their 
vicinity supposed to be the first sermon 
ever preached in Iowa ; this was in 
1833. 

Wood, G. W.,far., S. 25; P. 0. Moulton. 

Worth, D. J., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Exline. 




JOHNS TOWNSHIP. 



575 



JOHNS TOWNSHIP. 



ADAMS, A. A., farmer, Sec. 8 ; 
P. 0. Tranquility ; born in Put- 
nam Co., Ind. May 25, 1838, son of 
Hugh Adams, who was born in Ken- 
tucky in 1812 ; and with his parents 
came to Putnam Co., Ind., in 1832, 
where he married Miss Lucinda Jones, 
daughter of Allen Jones, formerly of 
Washington Co., Ind. ; she died in 1841, 
leaving three children. He, with his 
father, came to this county in 1856; is 
a resident of Adams Co., Iowa ; re- 
mained in Appanoose, and in September 
30, 1858, married Miss Mary A. More- 
land, daughter of William Moreland, 
from Putnam Co., Ind., a resident of 
this township since 1849, until his death 
in March 30, 1878; a man highly 
honored and respected by all who knew 
him. He left a wife and ten children, 
all residents of this county, except three 
in Wayne Co. Mr. Adams owns 120 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Has five children — John H., born Sept. 
1, 1856, Lucinda J., born March 2, 
1862 ; Alfred A., born March 15, 1864 ; 
Alden T., born Sept. 24, 1867, and 
Elvin M.. born Dec. 6, 1872. Demo- 
crat. Has held the oflSce of Supervisor, 
President of School Board, and Director. 
ANDERSOX, R. B., farmer, Sec. 
19; P. O. Tranquility; son of Daniel 
Anderson, Jr., who was born in Greene 
Co., Penn., Feb. 13, 1792. Sept. 18, 
1812, he married Mary Payne, daughter 
of Ebenezer Payne ; born in same county 
Oct. 3, 1789; in 1825, removed to Tyler 
(now Wetzell) Co., Va., and engaged in 
farming. There she died July 16, 1850 ; 
he died Feb. 4, 1867, leaving seven 
children — four still living — two in Vir- 
ginia, one in Illinois, and K. B. He was 
born in Wetzell Co.,Va., in 1832. May, 
1857, married Miss Susanna Haines, 
daughter of Abram Haines, from Greene 
Co., Penn., where she was born June 3, 
1837. In June, 1863, they came to 
this county ; remained one year in 
Bellair Tp., then came to his present 
residence, where he owns 120 acres of 
land, valued at |25 per acre. Have 
seven children — Levi L., born Sept. 16, 
1858; Mary E., born Oct. 8,1861; 



Elizabeth J., born May 27, 1868; Em- 
erson L., born March 11, 1870: Emma 
A., born Sept. 16, 1872 ;William Frank, 
born Nov. 16, 1875 ; D. A., born June 
27, 1877. Democrat ; members of the 
Baptist Church for twenty- two years. 
Was Postmaster in Wetzell Co.,Va., for 
seven years. On coming to Iowa, Mr. 
A. had enough to buy but ten acres of 
land and $2.50 in money. 

Andrews, G. W., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Arnold, A. J., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Promise 
City. 

Await, J., far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Tranquihty. 

BAKER, S. C, far.. Sec. 16; P. 0. 
Tranquility. 

Baker, S. C, far., Sec. 29; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Baker, W., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Baldwin, J. P., far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

BALDWIIV, li. li., far., grower and 
dealer in fine stock. Sec. 1 ; P. O. Walnut 
City ; born in Trumbull Co., Ohio, 1853; 
his father was born in that county, 1825 ; 
was a farmer and stock dealer ; married 
Catharine Orr, 1844; she was born in 
Mahoning Co., Ohio, 1827. L. L. 
Baldwin came to this county from Ohio, 
Aug. 9, 1875, where he owns 240 acres 
of land, valued at $25, per acre. Dec. 
23, 1877, married Miss Delia Stoner ; 
she was born in Jackson Co., Ohio, 1853. 
Republican. 

Ball, S. K., far., Sec 14 ; P. O. Centerville. 

Batterson, J., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

BEARE, AXDREW J., far.. Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Tranquility ; born in Mount 
Morris,. Greene Co., Penn., Aug. 30, 
1829; located here, 1869 ; owns 240 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
He is a member of the Methodist Church, 
and Republican. His wife, Annie Kleiss, 
was born in Lancaster City, Penn., May 
25, 1830, and married May 29, 1871. 
Mr. Beare enlisted in Co. F, 12th Illi- 
nois Infantry ; afterward re-enlisted in 
Co. F, 57th Illinois Infantry, and served 
four years and three months ; was in 
the battles at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, 
Corinth, Miss., Murfrecsboro, Chicka- 
mauga, Chattanooga, Allatoona, Paducah, 



576 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY : 



Kenesaw Mountain, Rome, Ga., Atlan- 
ta, siege of Vicksburg, and with Gen. 
Sherman in his fjimous march to the sea, 
and at the review at Washington ; was 
mustered out June 7, 18G5. 

Bear, J. G. F., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quihty. 

Bear, G. W., far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quiUty, 

Bear, L. A., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Bell, W., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Tranquility. 

Bland, J. L., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Griffinville. 

Brand, G. C. & J. S., fars., S. 22 ; P. 0. 
Tranquility. 

Brand, G. C, far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Tranquil- 
ity. 

Brokaw, I., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Buck, J., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

BUCK, WILLIAM J., farmer. 
Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Tranquility ; born in 
Jackson Co., Ohio, March 9,1835 ; his 
father, Charles Buck, a miller, was born 
in 1797 ; his mother, Marion Martin, 
was born May 15, 1802, and married in 
1820 in Jackson Co., Ohio ; his father 
died Sept. 23, 1852. leaving six children, 
all of whom settled in Iowa — two in 
Appanoose. William J. passed the 
winter of 1855-56 in Bridgeport, Mon- 
roe Co., Iowa ; thence to Walnut Tp., 
this county, in 1856; thence to Inde- 
pendence Tp. in 1866 ; settled where he 
owns 180 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. March 29. 1857, married 
Miss Nancy Hudson, daughter of John 
Hudson, who moved from Illinois in 
1850 ; she was born in Bond Co., 111., 
May 3, 1838; they have ten children — 
Thomas J., born Nov. 11, 1857 ; John L. 
July 22, 1859 ; James M., May 15, 1861 ; 
William T., March 17, 1863; Charles 
F.. Nov. 29, 1867 ; Martin L., Jan. 7, 
1870; Annie M., March 29, 1872; 
Jesse M., Oct. 20, 1873 ; Mary M., Oct. 
1, 1875, and Allie J., March 21, 1878. 
Mr. Buck enlisted in Co. G, 36th Iowa 
Y. I., in 1862 ; participated at Helena, 
Mark's Mill, Little Missouri, Prairie de 
Ann, Duvall's Bluff and others ; mus- 
tered out at Davenport, Iowa, in 1865. 
CARR, G. G., farmer. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. 
Jerome. 

Carter, J. H., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Clark, J., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Centerville. 



CLOSE, MARY, widow of John H. 
Close ; born in Scott Co., Ind., in 1824 ; 
he was born in the same county Oct. 
17, 1824, and died Oct. 10, 1873. 
They were married in 1846, and lo- 
cated in this county in 1850 ; own 190 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; 
they had eight children — Mary Ann, 
Harriet Maria, Emmeretta, Cornelia, 
William R., Hannah Catherine, Bethel 
Joseph and Andrew Jackson. 

Cole, C. P., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Cole, J. G., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Promise City. 

COLE, SIMEO^f, farmer, Sec. 5 ; 
P. 0. Tranquility; born in Walpole, N. 
H., in 1801 ; when 16 years of age, 
came to Arlington Co., Vt., where he 
lived with his father's brother, a tanner ; 
he learned that trade, and remained with 
his uncle until 25 years of age ; then 
married Miss Nancy Glenwood ; she was 
born in Windham in 1803. and died in 
ArUngton, Vt., Nov. 14, 1862, leaving 
six children — Warren, born March 7, 
1827 (a carpenter and joiner of Arling- 
ton, Vt.) ; Henry, born May 8, 1831 
(now Pastor of the Reformed Methodist 
Church of Syracuse, N. Y.); James, born 
Feb. 10, 1833 (a resident of Vermont) ; 
George, born Dec. 28, 1837, died in 
1867 ; Oscar M. born May 11, 1840 (a 
resident of New York) ; John G., born 
Nov. 21, 1843; Louisa H., daughter of 
Hial Holden, adopted in 1845, died 
Aug. 21, 1848. Dec. 25, 1863, mar- 
ried Mrs. Philena Andrew, widow of 
John Andrew, a resident of Arlington, 
Vt., from Shaftsburg, Vt.; born March 
1, 1816, died Oct. 19, 1840. A member 
of the Baptist Church since his youth. 
He left four children — Noel H., born 
April 23, 1843 ; Dayton W., Feb. 19, 
1845, died Dec. 1, 1876 ; Isadore, born 
Sept. 9, 1847 ; George H., Jan. 22, 
1855. Soon after their marriage, they 
came to Kane Co., Ill ; in 1870, came 
to this county, where he now owns 140 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Is a Jackson Democrat. 

Coles, S. S., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Cole, W. W., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Tranquil- 
ity. 

Conn, H., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Conn, J., far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Conn, John, far.. Sees. 25 and 36 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 



JOHNS TOWNSHIP. 



577 



Coibly, J. M., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Cozad,D., far., Sec. 12; P. 0. Centerville. 

Cross, M. H., far., Sec. 12 ; P. O. Walnut 
City. 

Crouch, J., far., Sec. 32 ; P. O. Jerome. 

CUMBERIiEDCiJE, J., farmer, 
Sec. 10; P. 0. Centerville; born in 
Monongalia Co., W. Va., Aug. 30, 
1834; located here in 1868. Owns 
213 acres of land, valued at $2,500. 
He is a member of the Baptist Church; 
Republican. His wife, Mehssa Ann 
Haught, was born in West Virginia, in 
1843. Married Jan. 1, 1861, and have 
six children — Samuel G., Mary Ellen, 
Isouria, Caklisca, Efl&e and George F. 
Mr. Cumberledge enlisted in Co. A, 
168th Penn. V. I., Oct. 16, 1862, and 
served in the 18th Corps under Gen. 
Foster ; was discharged after six 
month's service, through disability. 

CURTIS, AlIBRO?!»E, farmer. 
Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Tranquility ; born in 
Cayuga Co., N. Y., Nov. 12, 1833; 
located here in 1860 ; owns 200 acres, 
valued at $25, and 49 J acres valued 
at ^10 per acre. He is a member of 
the United Brethren Church ; Repub- 
lican. His wife, Harriet Jane Stone, 
born in Ashtabula Co., Ohio, in 
1837. Married in 1856 ; have seven 
children — Mary R., Franklin W., Cath- 
erine A., Alfred Byron, Milo, Luella 
and Altha Mav. 

DARRAH, NTMROD, far.. Sec. 15 ; 
P. 0. Tranquility. 

Darrah, W. L., far.. Sec. 19; P. 0. 
Tranquility. 

Day, J., f-ir., S. 14 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Davis, L., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Promise City. 

Davison, R. E., far.. Sec. 4. 

Davison, T., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

DAVISON, MARTIN, farmer. 
Sec. 4; P. 0. Walnut City; sou of 
R. E. Davison, who was born in Shen- 
andoah Valley, Rockingham Co., W. 
Va., June, 18l5; when 8 years of age, 
his father having died, his mother with 
her family removed to Wayne Co., Ind., 
thence, in 1840, to Tipton Co., Iowa; 
there she died in 1859, leaving six chil- 
dren, R. E. the eldest. In 1843, he 
married Miss Leah Summers, born in 
Wayne Co., Ind., in 1824. In 1864, 



they came to this county, where they 
now reside in Independence Tp. Mar- 
tin was born in Ti^jton Co., Ind., in 
1845 ; at the age of 5 months, his parents 
removed to Hamilton Co. ; after receiv- 
ing a thorough common-school educa- 
tion, at the age of 16, enlisted in Co. G, 
39th Ind. V. I. ; his father secured his 
discharge as under age ; in August, 
1862, he re-enlisted in Co. B of same 
regiment, joined his regiment at Louis- 
ville; thence to Perrysville ; on the way 
was captured by Gen. Smith, paroled 
and sent to Columbus, Ohio, and soon 
after went home ; was exchanged and 
sent to the front, where he was foraging 
and skirmishing until 1864; was vet- 
eranized at Camp Douglas ; on detailed 
duty until 1865, when he was mustered 
out. Came to this county where, Sept. 
1, 1866, he married Miss Nancy Bland ; 
born near Pittsburg, Dec. 15, 1841, 
daughter of Joseph and Elsie B. (nee 
Church) who removed to Appanoose in 
1853 ; in 1867, they settled on Section 4, 
where he now owns 260 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre. Has four 
children— H. S., born May 12, 1867; 
J. E., born June 8, 1870 ; A. 0., born 
Feb. 9, 1872; L. L., born Oct. 14, 
1875. Greenbacker; ahe is a member 
of the U. B. Church ; he is President 
of the Schopl Board and now Justice of 
the Peace. 

Dooley, Thomas, far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

DARRAH, ELIZABETH A., 
widow of Nimrod Darrah ; she was born 
in New Jersey May 29, 1833; he was 
born in Monongalia Co., W. Va., March 
30, 1827; they were married Dec. 23, 
1858, and had three children — Phosbe 
C, born July 11, 1862 ; John J., Jan. 
1, 1867; Lindsey C, Dec. 31, 1869. 
Mrs. Dorrah owns 170 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

DUTTON, JEREMIAH li., far., 
Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Tranquility ; born in Sus- 
sex Co., Del,, Jan. 16, 1827 ; located 
here, 1872; owns 240 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. His wife, 
Nancy Baker, born in Maine, 1829. 
They were married, 1850 ; have four 
children — Fidelia, Dike, Lincoln, John. 
Mr. Dutton enlisted in Co. I, 4th I. V. 



578 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



I., Aug. 18, 1862, and was at the siege 
of Vicksburg and battle at Arkansas 
Post, etc. ; was discharged Oct. 28,1864. 
Mr. Dutton has his farm under a high 
state of cultivation ; he is an industrious 
and enterprising man. 

ELAM, A. S., far.. Sec. 11 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 
Eldried, H., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Tranquility. 
Evans, A., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Promise 
City. 

FELKNER, G. W., fiir., Sec. 36 ; P. 
0. Centerville. 

Felkner, J., Sr., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Felkner, J. C, far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Felkner, L., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Felkner, W. H., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Ferren, J., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Promise 
City. 

FERREX, MOSES A., far., Sec. 
30 ; P. 0. Promise City ; born in Fay- 
ette Co., Penn., Aug. 7, 1825 ; located 
in this county, 1853; owns 600 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre. He is 
a Baptist. His wife, Nancy Ross, born 
in the same county, 1828. They were 
married March 21, 1852; have five 
children — Hannah Ann, Sarah Dorcas, 
John Marion, William W., Anna M. 

Freedly, R. L., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Prom- 
ise City. 

GAINES, J. D., farmer. Sec. 22 ; P. 
0. Tranquility. 

Gale, W., far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

GARRETSOX, JOHN C, farmer 
and stock-grower. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Sey- 
mour ; born in York Co., Penn., in 
1830 ; descendant of Hollanders, who 
immigrated to this country before the 
Revolution ; the farm now owned and 
occupied in that county by the family 
was entered from the Government ; he 
was the son of William and Mary G. 
(nee Hooks), daughter of Daniel and 
Elizabeth H. They were married May 
13, 1795, at London Grove Meeting- 
house, Chester Co., Penn., by the 
Friends' ceremony ; had five children ; 
next to the youngest was Daniel, father 
of J. C, born Feb. 6, 1802. After his 
father's death, he removed to Washing- 
ton Tp., same county. May 28, 1839, 
by the Friends' ceremony, he married 



Miss Annie Cook ; she was born in that 
county Sept. 25, 1806 ; daughter of 
John and Hannah Cook ; her father 
was born March 29, 1782 ; her mother. 
May 1, 1785. They were married by 
the Friends' ceremony at Warington 
Meeting-house Nov. 19, 1805 ; they 
had seven children, the second of whom 
was Annie ; remained in that county 
until his death, June 15, 1878. Daniel 
Garretson had ten children — the eldest, 
John ; Mary, a resident of Promise 
City, Wayne Co., Iowa, wife of Joshua 
Ball, a blacksmith ; Hannah, a resident 
of Madison Co., Ind., wife of Asahel 
Cook. John C. remained at home, 
farming in the summers and teaching 
school in the winters; at 25 years of 
age, he came to Van Buren Co., Iowa. 
In 1860, he went to Pittsburgh, Penn., 
where, Dec. 12, 1860, he married Miss 
Mary E. Ditner ; the ceremony was 
performed at tlie U. B. Church by 
a converted Jew, Dec. 12, 1860 ; 
she was born in York Co. Dec. 
22, 1841. In March,' 1862, they 
came to Van Buren Co., Iowa, and 
settled on J. G. Vail's farm as rent- 
ers ; four years after, he purchased forty 
acres in Lee Co. ; this he exchanged in 
1869 for one hundred and sixty acres, 
which he now occupies, to which he has 
added forty acres, all valued at $30 per 
acre, of well-improved and well-culti- 
vated lands ; built a house costing over 
$800 ; has from four to five hundred 
rods of hedge and other fencing, and 
fruits, such as can be grown in this 
climate, in abundance. They have eight 
children — Jacob Vale, born March 16, 
1863 ; Mary A., Nov. 21, 1864; Han- 
nah C, Jan. 19, 1867; Henry H., 
June 14. 1868 ; Daniel, Jr., Aug. 17, 
1870; Ira, Aug. 2, 1873; Rex, Aug. 
3, 1875 ; Melinda, Jan. 3, 1878. Re- 
publican. 
Glover, E. S., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Tranquility 
Grist, E. A., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Centerville 

HAINES, ALEX, fiirmer. Sec. 20 
P. 0. Promise City. 
HAINES, DAVID, f\irmer. Sec. 1 
P. O. Walnut City ; boin in Marion Co. 
W. Va.; located in this county in 1856 
owns 190 acres of land, valued at $35 
per acre. He is a member of the Bap- 
tist Church, and a Greenbacker. His 



JOHNS TOWNSHIP. 



579 



wife, Sarah Hudson, was born in Bond 
Co., HI., April 23, 1840; they were 
married June 3, 1858 ; have four chil- 
dren — Benjamin F., born Aug. 17, 1861 ; 
Arthela Ann, May 13, 1864 ; Minnie 
F., Aug. 17, 1866; Irene May, Jan. 
21, 1871. 

Haines, S.,far.,S. 19 ; P. 0. Promise City. 

Harbold, S. L., far., S. 16; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Harrison, A. C, far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Haught, M., fiir,, S. 3 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Haught, S.. far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Haught, W. C, far., S. 3; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

HIXEXBAUGH, JOHX, farm 
er, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Griffiusville; born in 
West Virginia Jan. 8. 1831 ; came to 
this State in 1852; own 160 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre ; also 20 
acres of timber land, valued at $10 per 
acre. He is a member of the United 
Brethren Church. His wife, Elizabeth 
Bland, was born in Greene Co., Penn., 
Sept. 22, 1827 ; they were married Oct. 
5, 1851, and have eight children — Eliza 
Virginia, BarzilliaB., Charles E., David 
L., Sarah F., John E., Francis M. and 
George I. 

Hoagland, T. J., far., Sec. 27; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

HUDSON, JOHlf, far.. Sec. 1; 
P. 0. Walnut City ; born in North 
Carolina, Oct. 19, 1808, and located in 
this county in 1849; owns 125 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre. He 
is a member of the Baptist Church, 
and a Democrat. His wife, Ann E. 
Harris, was born in the same State, 
March 10, 1817 ; they were married 
Aug. 14, 1834 ; their children's names 
are Nancy, Sally, Martha Ann, Eliza, 
John, Elizabeth, Joel, Benjamin and 
William. 

"TNSKIP, J. H., for.. Sec. 11; P.O. 

_L Centerville. 

JENiMNGS, P:DWARD, far., Sec. 
33 ; P. 0. Jerome. 
Jones, J. A., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Promise 

City. 
Jones, J. L., far.. Sec. 18; P. 0. Promise 

City. 
JONES, NEWTON J., fiir., Sec. 
7 ; P. 0. Promise City ; born in Put- 
nam Co., Ind., Nov. 26, 1847 ; located 



here in 1851 ; owns 200 acres of land, 
valued at $20 per acre. He is a Green- 
backer. His wife, Missouri Emoline 
Horton, was born in Missouri in Octo- 
ber, 1817. Married in 1866, and have 
seven children — Ida May, Matilda A., 
George B., William R., John W., 
Newton J. and Silvia F. 

Jones, N. M.. far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

JONES, N. M., farmer and stock 
grower, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Tranquility ; of 
Welsh descent ; his great-grandfather, 
on his father's side, was from Wales ; 
supposed to have settled in South Car- 
olina, where his grandfather was born, 
who afterward, during Boone's time, 
settled in Casey Co., Ky.; there his 
father, William, was born Aug. 13, 1796. 
On Dec. 18, 1817, he married Abigail, 
daughter of Bobert and Sarah Davis ; 
born in Casey Co., Ky., April 13, 1799. 
Soon after marriage, they moved to 
Washington Co., Ind., thence to Put- 
nam Co., Ind., where they improved a 
farm, and remained until 1851, when 
they came to this county again. Pio- 
neers ; settled on Sec. 7, of this town- 
ship, where they both died ; in Oc 
tober, 1855, he married Miss Eliza 
Ferren, daughter of William Ferren, 
from Fayette Co., Penn. ; she was 
born in Alleghany Co., Md., Oct. 5, 
1830 ; having passed one year in Van 
Buren Co., they, came to Appanoose 
and settled in Johns Tp., on what 
is now the State road. In 1856, 
was elected Sheriif of the county ; 
in the fall of 1857, while filling that 
ofiice, he hanged William Henkle 
for the murder of his wife — the 
only man ever hanged in the county by 
legal authority. After their marriage, 
he purchased land and settled where 
they now reside ; owns 340 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre ; had three 
children — William J., born Sept. 22, 
1856; Lafayette, born Oct. 22, 1860 
(died Jan. 12, 1861), and John L., born 
Jan. 1, 1863. Democrat; he is a 
member of the Baptist Church ; Clerk 
since 1867. Has held the ofiices of 
Township Trustee and Assessor. 

JONES, SANDY B., farmer and 
stock -grower. Sec. 9 ; P. O. Tranquil- 
ity ; son of William Jones, Jr., who was 



580 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



born in Casey Co., Ky., in 1796 ; he 
was a son of William J., Sr., who was 
born in South Carolina April 14, 1748 ; 
died in Casey Co., Ky., July 19, 1821. 
William J., Jr., married Miss Abigail 
Davis Dec. 18, 1817 ; she was born in 
Casey Co., Ky., April 13, 1799 ; daugh- 
ter of Robert D.; after their marriage, 
they removed to Washington Co., Ind.; 
thence to Putnam Co., Ind., where, Sept. 
1, 1828, the subject of this sketch was 
born; in 1 85 1 ,they removed to this county, 
where they died; she Aug. 22, 1870, 
and he Aug. 9, 1872, having been a life- 
long member of the Predestination Bap- 
tist Church ; he was Clerk and Deacon 
during a greater part of his membership. 
Sandy B., at the age of 25, married 
Miss Irene J. Wilcoxson, daughter of 
David and Elizabeth W.; she was born 
in Harrison Co., Ind , March 19, 1832. 
He entered the farm on which he now 
resides, except 160 acres given him by 
his father soon after coming to Iowa, 
total of 320 acres, valued at $30 
per acre. They have two children — 
Elizabeth A., born Sept. 8, 1854, and 
William David, Oct. 27, 1857. Demo- 
cratic ; in 1870, Mr. Jones was re- 
ceived into the membership of the Bap- 
tist Church ; in 1873, he was chosen 
Moderator; in 1876, he was licensed to 
preach ; in 1878, was ordained as min- 
ister. Has held the offices of Township 
Trustee, President of School Board, and 
other offices. 

KINNEY, JESSE, farmer, Sec. 32 ; 
P. 0. Jerome. 
KI^CitSBERY, ROBERT, Jr., 
farmer. Sec. 26 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born 
in County Monaghan, Ireland, in 1823 ; 
son of Robert K.. Sr., who was born in 
the same county in 1802, and died there 
in 1858. Robert was employed upon 
his father's farm until 24 years of age ; 
in 1848, he came to this country, land- 
ing in New York June 13 ; went to 
Cleveland, Ohio, for one month ; thence 
to Xenia, Ohio, where he engaged in 
railroading, firing on the Little Miami 
R. R.; afterward ran a stationary en- 
gine for a time ; then as an engineer 
running a switch engine for three years, 
receiving $4.25 per day. Feb. 26, 1850, 
married Miss Sarah Mills, a native of 
his birthplace; she was born Jan. 1, 



1828 ; with her mother, came to this 
country in 1847 ; her father, William 
M., died in 1836 ; they remained in 
New York, where her mother died three 
months after landing ; she came to 
Springfield, Ohio. In February, 1864, 
he enlisted in Co. K, 184th Ohio V. I.; 
did guard duty at Fort Bridgeport and 
Chattanooga ; mustered out at Camp 
Chase, Ohio, in September, 1864. In 
September, 1866, they came to Iowa, 
having, in 1853, purchased 180 acres of 
land where he now lives ; owns 220 
acres, valued at $35 per acre. Have six 
children— W. D., born June 11, 1852 ; 
George, May 26, 1856 ; Mary, Jan. 7, 
1858 ; Robert, Jr., Oct. 6, 1861 ; Jen- 
nie, Aug. 8, 1865, and Maggie, Aug. 8, 
1868 ; lost two children — Sallie, born 
in February, 1854, died at Xenia, Ohio, 
in January, 1856 ; Martha, born Dec. 
23, 1 850, died Dec. 12, 1877. Has held 
the office of Secretary of the School 
Board ; member of A., F. & A. M., No. 
133, of Bellair. Republican ; members 
of the M. E. Church. 
Kirkland, B., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Promise 
City. 

LANE, JOSEPH, farmer. Sec. 21 ; P. 
0. Tranquility. 

Little, J. L., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Tranquility. 

Loofbrough, W. E., far., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. 
Promise City. 

Loughridge, J. M., far., Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Jerome. 

L. YON, JOHIV, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Tranquility ; born April 5, 1822, in 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y. ; in 1834, came 
to Kane Co., 111., with his parents ; in 
1867, came to Appanoose Co. ; owns 
187 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. Married Miss Phcebe Miller in 
1845 ; she was born in 1830, in Mont- 
gomery Co., N. Y. ; have nine children 
— Esther, Edwin, John E., Henry, 
Jennie, Mary, Douglas, Grant and 
Sherman. Has been Constable three 
years. Treasurer of the School Board, 
and Director. His father, Joseph L., 
was born in 1790, in Massachusetts ; he 
was of French origin ; his father's father 
served seven years in the Revolutionary 
war, after which he married Miss 
Elanor Davis ; they settled in Massa- 
chusetts, thence removed to the State of 
New York, where he died at the age of 



JOHNS TOWNSHIP. 



581 



84 years ; at the age of 20, Joseph L. 
removed to Madison Co., N. Y., where 
he was commissioned Colonel in the war 
of 1812 ; participated at the battle of 
Sackett's Harbor and served through 
the war ; he married Miss Betsey, 
daughter of Ichabud Downing, of Mas- 
sachusetts ; her mother's maiden name 
was Chase ; her parents died when she 
was but 2 yeara old ; she was taken by 
her uncle, Solomon Chase, to Madison 
Co., N. Y. ; remained with her uncle till 
her marriage, thence removed to Chautau- 
qua Co., N. Y. ; in 1834, came to Kane 
Co., 111., where she died in 1849, leaving 
six children ; soon after his mother's 
death, his father married Mrs. Fannie 
Isabel in June, 1850; her family were 
all residents of California; in 1876, he 
removed to San Joaquin Co., Cal., where 
they now reside ; he has retired from 
active life, being 88 years of age. 

MCDONALD, Wm., far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 
0. Centerville. 

Maun, J. J., far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Mann, P. C, far. Sec. 28; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Manzy, Wm., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Promise 
City. 

Marchbanks, John, Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

Martin, S. A., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Milligan, A. S., far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Milligan, Samuel, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Tranquility. 

Mitchel, L. S.,far., Sec. 32 ; P. O.Jerome. 

Mitchell, W. W., far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 0. 
Jerome. 

Morelan, B., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Tranquility. 

Morelan, W., far., S. 18 ; P. 0. Promise 
City. 

Morris, L.,far., S. 34; P. 0. Jerome. 

Morris, B. S., far., Sees. 13 and 24 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Murphy, T. A., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Myers, A., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

7|:T"EEDHAM, J. W., farmer. Sec. 

i_M 28 ; P. 0. Tranquility. 

Needham, S., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Neil, B., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Neil, W. K., far., S. 7 ; P. O. Tranquility. 

XICODEMUS, WILIvIAM H., 
far.. Sec. 12; P. 0. Centerville; born 



in Maryland Aug. 23, 1835, and located 
in this State in 1854, and in this county 
in 18G6 ; he owns 100 acres of land in 
Sec. 28, Independence Tp., and he 
rents and cultivates 55 acres in Sec. 
12, Johns Tp. He is a Greenbacker. 
His wife, Rubia Cozad, was born in West 
Virginia Nov. 26, 1841 ; they were mar- 
ried Jan. 19, 1869, and have four chil- 
dren— Martha E., born Feb. 2, 1870: 
Nicholas P., Dec. 12, 1871 ; Thomas 
W., Sept. 25, 1874, and Franklin C, 
Dec. 26, 1876. Mr. Nicodemus en- 
listed in Co. G, 11th Iowa V. I., Dec. 
7, 1861, and served until Dec. 6, 1863; 
re-enlisted again at Vicksburg, and 
served until July 15, 1865 ; was in the 
battles of Shiloh, at the siege of Vicks- 
burg and with Gen. Sherman in his fa- 
mous march to the sea, and on to the 
Washington review, and was in forty- 
one battles and innumerable skirmishes. 
PENDERGAST, J. W., farmer, Sec. 
34 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

PEIIOH, DAVID, farmer, Sec. 15 ; 
P. 0. Centerville ; born in Virginia Jan. 
12, 1819 ; settled in Indiana twenty- 
five years, and then located in this county 
in May, 1854; owns 160 acres of land 
under cultivation and twenty-five acres 
of timber land. His wife, Nancy E. 
Needham, was born in Indiana May 4, 
1824 ; married in 1842, and have six 
children — Lucretia Jane, Nancy Ann, 
David Preston, William H., Sarah Jo- 
sephine and Charles Albert. 

PIERSON, JOHX A., farmer. Sec. 
30 ; P, 0. Promise City ; born in Rich- 
land Co., Ohio, May 11, 1825, and 
located here May, 1856, owns 160 acres 
of land, valued at $25 per acre. He is 
a member of the M. E. Church, and a 
Democrat. His wife, Mary Jane Stur- 
geon, born in Washington Co.,Penn.,July 
28, 1827, and they were married April 
10, 1855, and have four children — Ida 
Belle, Bruce S., Maggie J. L., Robert 
M. Mr. Pierson has been School 
Director for six years, Assessor five 
years, also Supervisor, and was a mem- 
ber of the House of Representatives in 
1858 at the new Capitol. 

RATLIFF, BENJAMIN, farmer, Sec. 
14; P. 0. Centerville. 
Rider, Wm., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Griffins- 
ville. 



582 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY! 



Robison, Johnston, far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. 
Promise City. 

SALES, THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 9; 
P. 0. Tranquility. 

Seals, James, flir.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Seals, M., far., Sec. 6 ; P.O. Promise City. 

SED€}WICK, S. R., farmer. Sec. 
2 ; P. 0. Walnut City ; born at Rice's 
Landing, Greene Co., Penn., Sept. 1, 
1837, and located in this county in 
1871 ; owns 200 acres of land, valued 
at $30 per acre. He is a Democratic 
Ureenbacker. His wife, Mercilla Will- 
iams, born at Mount Morris, Greene 
Co., Penn.; they were married Sept. 1, 
1875, and have one child named Frank 
L. Sedgwick. 

Sidles, Peter, far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Silvey, Peter, far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Simmons, T. J., far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Je- 
rome. 

Shoemaker, F. H., Sr., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. Tranquility. 

Shoemaker, F. H., Jr., far.. Sec. 32 ; P. 
0. Jerome. 

SHOEMAKER, M A R Ct A - 
RET, farmer, Sec. U; P. 0. Cen- 
terville ; daughter of John and Marga- 
ret C. Bishop, who were born in Han- 
over, Germany — he in 1787, and she in 
1792. Married in Hanover, Germany, 
where Mrs. S. was born in 1831. When 
she was 14 years of age, they came to 
this country; first settled in Jackson 
Co., Ind., near Brownstown, and en- 
gaged in farming ; there he died in 
1867, aged 70 : her mother died in 
1872, aged 75 ; had four children — 
Margaret is the only one living. Three 
years after arriving in this country, she 
married Mr. Henry Cross, a farmer 
from Hanover, Germany ; he died in 
1850, leaving one child — Henry C, born 
Dec. 18,1 850 ; three years after, shemar- 
ried Henry Frank Shoemaker; he was 
born in Germany, in 1811, and there 
married Miss Mary Ranky, in 1840; 
they came to this country in 1847. 
She died April 2, 1852, leaving four 
children — Catherine M., born Jan. 24, 
1841 ; Frank H., born Dec. 13, 1843; 
Mary S., born Nov. 16, 1846, and Mary 
E.,born Nov. 7, 1849. In October, 1854, 
Mr. S. and his second wife came to this 
county, and settled where she now re- 



sides, and owns 513 acres, valued at 
$30 per acre. June 1, 1878, he died, 
being at the age of 67 years, a use- 
ful, thrifty, and highly esteemed citi- 
zen. Soon after coming to Appanoose 
County, they united with the M. E. 
Church, of which he was Steward and 
Trustee ; formerly Lutheran ; her first 
husband and her parents were Lutherans. 
He left six children, had lost two- — 
William F., born Oct. 15, 1853, died 
in April, 1865, John L., born April 
29, 1856; Daniel T., born July 8, 1858; 
Augustus B., born March 7, 1861; 
Christopher D., born Jan. 13, 1864; 
died in July, 1865; Josephus E., 
born May 14, 1866; Rufus C, born 
Dec. 1, 1868, and Martin L.. born Oct. 
14, 1871. 
Smith, T. W., far., Sec. 27; P. 0. 

Centerville. 
Steel, S. J., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. Promise 

Citv. 
Steel,''T. J., far., S. 21 ; P. O. Tranquility. 
Stevens, T. W., far., S. 10. 
Stewart, J., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Centerville. 
STONE, ALFRED C, farmer, 
Sees. 10, 14 and 15 ; P. 0. Centerville; 
born in Ohio April 23, 1844 ; located 
here in 1859 ; owns 170 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. He is a mem- 
ber of the M. E. Church ; Greenbacker. 
His wife, Annie Thurman, was born in 
Indiana May 8, 1 844 ; they were mar- 
ried in 1865, and have two children — 
Eliza, born Aug. 9, 1869, and Walter J., 
May 25, 1874." Mr. Stone enlisted in 
Co. I, 36th Iowa V. I., in the spring 
of 1864, and served to the close of the 
war ; mustered out in September, 1865. 
Stone, J. M., far., S. 3; P. 0. Centerville. 
STONE, JAMES L., farmer. Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born in Ashta- 
bula Co., Ohio, June 6, 1835 ; owns 220 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
He is a member of the M. E. Church, 
and a Greenbacker. His wife, Xenia A. 
Dodge, was born in the same county 
June 4, 1839 ; they were married Feb. 
4, 1855, and have nine children — Alme- 
ron J., Franklin L., James L., Florella 
A.. Aurelius U., Charles A., Alice R., 
Birddine F. and Susan B. Mr. Stone 
enlisted in Co. I, 36th Iowa V. I., in 
August, 1862, and was in the battles of 
Helena, Little Rock, Prairie de Ann, 



JOHNS TOWNSHIP. 



583 



Saline River, Ark.; was taken prisoner 
and detained ten months, until the close 
of the war. 

Swan, a. W., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Promise 
City. 

Swan, J. N., far., S. 2; P. 0. Centerville. 

Swan. W., for., S. 6 ; P. 0. Promise City. 

r-pAYLOR, ALLEN, far.. Sec. 26 ; P. 

J_ 0. Jerome. 

Thomas, A., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Walnut City. 

Thomas, I. W., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Walnut 
City. 

THOMAS, MICHAEL. W., farm- 
er and stock-grower, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Seymour, Wayne Co., Iowa; born in 
Lawrence Co., Ind., in 1^45. In the 
fall of 1851, his father, Henry L., came 
to Appanoose and entered 1,000 acres 
of land, which he settled on the follow- 
ing spring.of which his son Michael owns 
and occupies 172 acres, valued at $30 
per acre ; the balance divided among 
his other children previous to his death 
Jan. 1, 1861, in Centerville ; after the 
death of his father, he, with his mother, 
removed to the farm he now occupies. 
At the age of 18, he married Miss 
Malinda Pendergast, who was born in 
Ripley Co., Ind., Aug. 24, 1845 ; daugh- 
ter of Samuel P., also an early settler of 
this county, now a resident of Moulton ; 
they have four children — Oren M., born 
May 1, 1866 ; Otto, born March 6, 1869; 
Mary Ettie, born Feb. 24, 1871 ; Harley, 
born July 20, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. 
Thomas, his mother and his father, pre- 
vious to his death, were members of the 
M. E. Church. Has held the office of 
Township Clerk. Democratic. Is a 
member of I. 0. 0. F. Is a Represent- 
ative of the Grand Lodge of Iowa of 
that society. Fifth District. 

Thomas, W., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Promise 
City. 

Thompson, L. R., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Thompson, W. H., far., S. 29 ; P. O. Prom- 
ise City. 

Thompson, W. R., far., S. 12 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

WADE, ALEX., farmer.. Sec. 15 ; 
P. 0. Centerville. 

Wailes, B., far., S. IG ; P. 0. Tranquility. 

WAILES, GEORGE N., farmer. 
Sec. 15; P. 0. Tranijuility ; born in 
Bartholomew Co., Ind., July 26, 1834, 



and located here in 1854; owns 245} 
aci'es of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
He is a Greenbacker. His wife, Elizabeth 
Ellen Mitchell ; born in Indiana ; they 
were married in 1855 ; have eight chil- 
dren — Samuel M., Levin C, Mary 
Ellen, Rebecca Jane, James Andrew, 
William Selby, Ann Elliza and Josephus. 

Wailes, J. P., far.. Sees. 22 and 25 ; P. 
0. Tranquility. 

Wailes, L. C, Sr., far., Sees. 23 and 26 ; 
P. 0. Tranquility. 

WAIIiES, li. C, physician and sur- 
geon, Sec. 23 ; P. O. Tranquility ; son 
of Samuel P. Wailes, who was born in 
Maryland ; at the age of 24, married 
Miss Mary S. Wilson, a native of Mary- 
land; soon after, removed to Kentucky, 
thence to Bartholomew Co., Ind., where 
L. C. was born, March 29, 1828; in 
1849, came to Davis Co., Iowa, in 1854, 
to this county, where he now owns 240 
acres of land, valued at $5,000. 
Married Miss Lucinda Wailes, daughter 
of Leonard Wailes, of this county ; she 
was born in Bartholomew Co., Ind., in 
1833 ; her parents were early settlers of 
Appanoose, where her father died in 
1872 ; her mother still resides here ; 
Mrs. Wailes died in 1873, leaving eight 
children — Mary E., Margaret E., George 
W., Lloyd A., Benjamin F., Flora A., 
Albert N., Tyler T. Dr. W. married 
Mrs. Lucinda Friedley, a native of Lick- 
ing Co., Penn.; her father Benj. Jen- 
nings, died in Fulton Co., Iowa, in 1854. 
In 1862, Dr. Wailes commenced the 
study of medicine, continued until 1872, 
read up $120 worth of medical books 
during the winter of 1873-74, took a 
course of lectures at Keokuk, since 
which has had a steadily increasing and 
extensive practice. Was for eight years 
a Democrat, previously a Republican, 
now a Greenbacker; members of the 
M. E. Church, as was also his first wife. 
He is a member of the A., F. & A. M., 
Bellair Lodge, No. 133 ; has held the 
office of Justice of the Peace. 

Wailes. Lloyd, far., Sec. 16; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Wailes, Samuel, far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Wailes, T., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

Wailes, T. J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 



584 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



Wakefield, J. S., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Tran- 
quility. 

Wakefield, W. T., fiir., S. 30; P. 0. 
Tran((uility. 

WJEIiliS, F. M., farmer and stock- 
grower, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Tranquility ; 
born in Greene Co., Penn., in 1832; his 
grandfather, James Wells, of Eoglish 
descent, was a resident of Greene Co. at 
the time of the French and Indian 
war, and was present at Braddock's de- 
feat. The father of F. M. was born in 
Greene Co., Penn., in 1803. Married 
Miss Sophia Coon, a native of the same 
county ; daughter of Jacob Coon, of 
German descent ; he also participated in 
the French and Indian war, and drew a 
pension until his death, at the age of 99. 
F. M. having acquired a limited educa- 
tion, served an apprenticeship of two 
years at the millwright's trade, after 
which he worked in Pennsylvania and 
Virginia for five years ; in 1855, came 



to Bureau Co., 111., and in that and 
adjoining counties followed his trade 
until the winter of 1857. Married Miss 
Christina Anderson, daughter of Levi 
Anderson, of Bureau Co., 111., from 
Greene Co., Penn., whereshe was born in 
1837 ; they settled in Livingston Co., 
111. ; in 1867, came to this county, and 
settled on the farm he now owns, con- 
taining 200 acres of land, valued at $30. 
His wife died Sept. 12, 1871, leaving 
four children — Henry C., born in 1858 ; 
Emeliue M., born in 1861 ; Sarah E., 
born in 1863 ; William S., born in 
1866. Married Miss Lydia Hinegard, 
of Sullivan Co., Mo. ; born in Rocking- 
ham Co., Va., Oct. 29, 1833; they 
have one child — Daniel R., born in 
February, 1876. Republican; mem- 
bers of the Christian Church. Member 
of the I. 0. 0. F. at Tiskilwa, 111. 

Willson, H., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Winters, J. T.. far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Jerome. 



INDEPENDENCE TOWNSHIP. 



ALSPAUGH, EWAN, farmer, S. 30 ; 
P. 0. Confidence. 
Alspaugh, J., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Confidence. 

BLAND, C. farmer, S. 27 ; P. 0. Grif- 
finsville. 

Blaod, J., far.. Sec. 34; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Bland, T. H., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Boles, A., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Bower, C.H., far., S. 33; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

/CAMPBELL, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 24 ; 

\J P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Chadd, W., Sr., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Chadd, W., Jr., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

CHAD WICK, E., farmer and stock- 
raiser, Milledgeville ; born in Frankfort 
Co., Ky.,in 1831 ; moved to this county 
in 1841 ; he followed merchandising in 
1864 and 1865, keeping general store 
in Milledgeville ; then bought a flouring- 
mill which he run three years ; and then 
opened a store again and carried on farm- 
ing, feeding and dealing extensively in 
the stock business ; he closed his store 
and gave his whole attention to farming ; 
has 200 acres, valued at $30 per acre. 
He married Martha Warford in Iowa, 
Dec. 25, 1851 ; she was born Indiana in 



1836 ; they have ten children — Adam, 
F. M., Wm. R., J. N., Cyntha A., Lucy 
Jane, Rosa, J. T., Mary E. and Sarah ; 
Amanda, died in infancy. Members of 
the Christian Church ; a Greenbacker. 

Clark, Wm., far., S. 34; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Clouser, J. M., far.. S. 7 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

Coen, Wm., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Confidence. 

Coff"man, G. W., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

COZAD, E. J., farmer and school 
teacher. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Griffisnville ; 
born in Lewis Co., W. Va., in 1845 ; 
owns 80 acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre ; he came to Iowa in 1850. 
Married Margaret McGufiey in 1876 ; 
she was born in Missouri in 1858; 
they have one child — Yonka Bell. Mr. 
C. has followed school-teaching the 
most of his time ; is a member of the 
I. 0. 0. F. Lodge ; Democrat. 

Cronin, R., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

Cross, J., far., S. 13 and 24 ; P. 0. Grif- 
finsville. 

Curtis, G. W., far.. Sec. 10; P. 0. 
Milledgeville. 



INDEPENDENCE TOWNSHIP. 



585 



DAVISON, R.E., far., Sec. 34 ; P. 0. 
Walnut City. 
Davis, G. W., far., Sec. 33; P. 0. 

Griffinsville. 
Davison, A. G., far.. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. 

Walnut City. 
Dicks, Sam., far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Iconium. 
Danover, J., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Iconium. 
Danover, N., far.. Sec. 30; P. 0. 

Confidence. 
Dutton, J., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Confidence. 

EATON, a., farmer, Sec. 6 ; P. 0. 
Milledo-eville. 
EL A^fl, HI. J., farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. 
Confidence, Wayne Co., Iowa; son of 
Joel Elam, vpho was born in Tennessee 
in 1790. Married ; his wife died, 
leaving three children ; he then moved 
to Bond Co., 111., and married Frances 
Smith ; had ten children, seven now 
living, mostly settled in the West. M. 
J. was born in Bond Co., 111., July 14, 
1840; in 1846, his father moved to 
Appanoose Co.; a pioneer of Johns 
Tp.; there were but three families 
in the township at the time; there he 
died in January, 18G7 ; his mother died 
before their removal from Illinois ; both 
members of the Baptist Church ; his 
father was Deacon. At the age of 20, 
he married Miss Harriet Cross, daugh- 
ter of M. H. Cross, of this county, from 
Virginia; she was born in Monongalia 
Co., Va., in 1836 ; soon after their 
marriage they settled at their present 
place of residence, where he owns 255 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre ; 
have seven children — Theodore D., born 
June 11, 1861; Pernecia, born June 
11, 1865; Thomas C, born Dec. 11, 
1867; Dora A., born Dec. 11,1870; 
James, born Dec. 18, 1872 ; Ollie R., 
born May 30, 1875, and William, born 
Dec. 22, 1877. Democrat; members 
of the Mission Baptist Church. 

Elgin, J. H., far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

Elrod, T. R., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

Ely, J., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Milledgeville. 

FENTON, STEPHEN, far.. Sec. 16; 
P. 0. Milledgeville. 
FENTON, JOHN, far., S5c. 16 ; P. 
O. Milledgeville ; born in Ashland Co., 
Ohio, in 1835 ; came to Iowa with his 
father in 1851. He enlisted in the 36th 



I. V. I., August, 1862 ; was in all the 
principal engagements with his regiment ; 
was in Arkansas under Gen. Steele, and 
served until the close of the war. He 
married Thersey Eli in Iowa, in 1858 ; 
she was born in Indiana, in 1837 ; they 
have six children — Harriet E., Susan 
Emma, Ellen, Charles, Anty and Edward. 
Owns an half-interest in 160 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre ; he lost 
three children — George died at the age 
of 18 months, and two died in infancy. 
They are members of the Baptist Church. 

Fenton,T. K., far., Sec. 16 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

Fountain, S., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Confi- 

Freeman, J. M., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Freeman, W. W., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 
Confidence. 

QALBRAITH, S. T., far., Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Milledgeville. 

Galbraith, T., far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

Gibson, J. J., far., Sec. 24; P. 0. Grif- 
finsville. 

Gilland, J., far., S. 12; P. 0. Iconium. 

Grigsby, D., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Grogan, M., far.,S.. 5; P. O. Milledgeville. 

Guernsey, J. B., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Confi- 

QGUCG 

HAMLIN, THOMAS, Jr., farmer, 
Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Milledgeville. 

Hamlin, T., Sr., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Mill 
edgeville. 

Hamlin, W., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

HARMSTON, JESSE, farmer 
and stock-raiser. Sec. 26 ; P. O. Griffins- 
ville ; born in Lincolnshire, England, 
Aug. 22, 1831; became to New York 
in 1861 ; remained three years, and 
moved to Ohio ; remained two years ; 
thence to Illinois; stayed two years, and 
thence to Missouri; remained seven 
years, and thence to Iowa in 1863 ; was 
engaged in farming in each State. He 
enlisted in the Missouri State Militia and 
served three years. He has a good 
farm, pleasantly located, with all its com- 
forts of life, of 120 acres, valued at $30 
per acre ; has a good bearing orchard of 
choice fruit, and considerable Osage 
hedge. He married Cynthia Rogers in 
Illinois Nov. 29, 1835; she was born 



586 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



in Franklin Co., Ohio, in 1827 ; they 
have five children — Ellen, Marian, Ed- 
gar, Caroline and Clara. He keeps some 
graded stock. They made their prop- 
erty by their energy. He has invested 
well in books, by which his family has 
acquired a good education. 

Haver, G., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Hixenbaugh, A., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Mill- 
edgeville. 

Houk, J. H., far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

JOHNSON, J., farmer. Sec. 18 ; Confi- 
dence. 
Johnson, J. H., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Confi- 
dence. 
Jones, N., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Confidence. 

KENNEL, A. 0., former, Sec. 5 ; P. 
0. Milledgeville. 
Kennel, S. J., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 
Kerr, C, far., Sec. 19 ; P. O. Milledgeville. 

LAIN, J. D., farmer, Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
Milledgeville. 

liAIN, JOI^EPH I.., farmer. Sec. 
25 ; P. 0. Walnut City; born in Bar- 
tholomew Co., Tnd., July 26, 1825; he 
came to Iowa in 1854, and bought 160 
acres of land; returned to Indiana, and 
came and improved his land each year ; 
he finally settled on the present farm in 
1860; built a house worth $2,000, and 
other good buildings ; has a good bearing 
orchard of all kinds of choice fruit, three 
and a half miles of good Osage hedge 
and 510 acres of good land, valued at 
$40 per acre, and 215 acres in Kansas, 
valued at $10 per acre. He married 
Emily Brunson in Iowa in 1864 ; she 
was born in Iowa in 1845 ; they have 
five children — Cora, Lillie, Nancy, Win- 
nie and a baby not named ; Mary died 
at 4 years of age. Mr. Lain has a good 
property, with all the comforts of life 
surrounding him, which they made by 
their own energy. Democrat. 

L.L.O Yl>, G. W., farmer, Sec. 2 ; P. 
O. Iconium ; born in Oneida Co., N. Y., 
in 1837 ; son of Isaac P. Lloyd, who 
was born in Oneida Co., Feb. 14, 1804 ; 
in January, 1832, married Miss Electa 
Risler; she was born in 1804; in 1838, 
they removed to St. Joseph Co., Ind., 
where, in 1839, his mother died ; his 
father removed to Grundy Co., 111., in 
1855 ; thence to Eddyville, Wapello Co., 



Iowa, in 1870; came to Appanoose, where 
he died in 1872, leaving two children. 
G. W. is the youngest ; he was born in 
Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; in October, 
1855, he engaged with the Western Stage 
Co. at Decatur, 111., his route lying east of 
that place ; in January, 1856, the Com- 
pany removed their stock to this State 
and established three routes west from 
the Mississippi, through the State ; his 
route was from Albia to Stacyville until 
1859, then from Centerville to Bloom- 
field. July 2, 1861, he enlisted in Co. 
B, 4th Iowa V. I.; was at Pea Ridge, 
Blackburn, Arkansas Post, siege of 
Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Lookout Moun- 
tain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold, 
Resaca ; was commissioned Lieutenant 
at Havana; mustered out at Louisville, 
Ky., Aug. 2, 1865. In the spring of 
1864, went home on furlough ; married 
Miss Mary F. Neil, daughter of Barnet 
Neal, who was born in Greene Co., Penn., 
Sept. 5, 1810; married, in 1831. Miss 
Margaret Kincaid, daughter of William 
K.; came to Appanoose, Johns Tp., 
where they now reside, in 1857. Soon 
after G. W.'s discharge from the service, 
they removed to Albia, where he was 
employed in the ofiice of the Stage 
Co. for two years ; then run a dray until 
January, 1870 ; removed to this town- 
ship, where he now owns fifty acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. Repub- 
lican. 
L.OWREY, JOHK, miller, Griffins- 
ville ; born in Beaver Co., Penn., May 22, 
1804; went to Pittsburgh, where he 
kept a general store and worked in a 
machine-shop four years ; thence to Bel- 
mont Co., Ohio ; and there bought a 
grist-mill and saw-mill ; followed the 
milling business nineteen years ; thence 
to Iowa in 1856; has now a flouring- 
mill and saw-mill valued at $4,000, and 
seven acres of land with two houses and 
bearing orchard. He married Amelia 
Calhoun in Pittsburgh, Penn., in 1835; 
she was born in Washington Co., Penn., 
in 1813 ; they have six children, Christy 
Ann, James, Margret, Albert, Edwin 
and Mclver ; his son William was 
killed by an explosion of his mill April, 
1869 ; James enlisted in the 36th 
I. V. I. August, 1862 ; was taken 
prisoner on the march in Arkansas 



INDEPENDENCE TOWNSHIP. 



587 



and taken to Tyler, Texas ; held ten 
months and discharged with his Regi- 
ment ; held the office of Orderly Ser- 
geant. Democrat. His son Edwin 
married Miss Stewart in Iowa ; she was 
horn in Indiana; they have one child — 
Claude. He is Postmaster at Griffins- 
ville; he»holds the office of Township 
Clerk ; he is in business with his father 
in the mills. Mrs. Lowrey's father, 
James Calhoun, was in the war of 1812. 
Lynch, P., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Milledgeville. 

McCLOUD, J. H., far., S. 24 i^ P. 0. 
Griffinsville. 

McCormick, J., far., S. 4; P. 0. Iconium. 

McDaniel, B., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

McDenield, S. L., far., S. 25 ; P. 0. Griffins- 
ville. 

McGuffee, W., far., S. 31 ; P. 0. Cuufi- 
dence. 

Maiken, B. A., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Iconium. 

Mansfield, J., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Marchbank, B. N., far., S. 8; P. 0. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Morlan, B. C, far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Con- 
fidence. 

Morlan, N. J., far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Con- 
fidence. 

Miller, R. H., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

MOORE, R. M., REV., minister, 
Sec. 16; P. 0. Milledgeville ; born in 
Hampshire Co., W. Va., in September, 
1832 ; he graduated at the Macon Col- 
lege, Randolph Co., Va., in 1857 ; took 
the classical course at Hillsboro, Va. ; 
was ordained to preach in the United 
Brethren Church, which he followed 
four years, and then enlisted in the 10th 
W. Va. I. V. I. Nov. 17, 1861 ; was 
captured at the battle of Beverly, W. 
Va., and taken to Libby Prison in 
1863; was kept in prison from July 2 
to Aug. 15; served until March 17, 
1865, and was discharged by reason of 
expiration of term of service ; was in 
the principal battles of the Potomac 
army in 1863 and 1864; he held the 
office of Quartermaster Sergeant and 
Clerk. Has 110 acres of land, valued 
at $25 per acre. He married Maria 
Myers in Loudoun Co., Va., in 1857 ; 
she was born in Loudoun Co., Va., in 
1831 ; they have eight children — Han- 
nah, John J., Sarah Ann, Charles W., 
Ida M., Jemima, Benjamin F., and 



Thomas R. He continues preaching in 
the Methodist persuasion ; Democrat. 
MOREL.AXD, BELINDA C, 

farmer, Sec. 17; P. 0. Confidence; 
daughter of Wm. Jones, who was born 
in Casey Co., Ky., in 1797; in 1817, 
married Miss Abigail Davis, native of 
the same county and daughter of Robert 
Davis; in 1819, removed to Wash- 
ington Co., Ind. ; thence to Putnam 
Co., Ind. ; in 1851, to Appanoose; set- 
tled in Johns Tp. ; entered 1 ,600 acres, 
on which he settled with all his children, 
and died in 1872 ; his wife died in 
1870 ; had ten children, the eldest 
being Mrs. Moreland ; she was born in 
Casey Co., Ky., in 1818; with her 
parents came to Putnam Co., Ind. In 
1836, married Mr. Henry Moreland ; 
his father, Elijah M., was born in 
1787 ; married Mary Boutnan ; settled 
in Indiana, where his son Henry 
was born in 1816; came to Put- 
nam Co. in 1833; in 1852, Mr. and 
Mrs. Moreland came to this county and 
settled in Lincoln Tp. ; in the spring of 
1853, they moved to her present place 
of residence, where he owned 1,000 
acres of land, most of which he had 
divided among his children, and to 
which they have added r,500 acres. 
Mr. Moreland was among the oldest 
settlers of the county and a prominent 
man. Was a Democrat and Conservative. 
Has held prominent offices both in the 
county and township , was an extent>ive 
stock-grower, and during the latter part 
of his life engaged in merchandising ; 
he died Nov. 22, 1861, much regretted 
by all the county, and was attended to 
his last resting-place by a large con- 
course of the citizens ; he left a wife 
and five children, the eldest of whom is 
Newton J., who was born in Putnam 
Co., Ind., in 1837 ; is now a resident of 
this township. Married Miss P]niily 
Banks, daughter of Charles B., a 
former resident of tliis county, now de- 
ceased ; Mary A., born in Indiana, in 
the same county, Sept. 3, 1840 ; her 
husband's biography appears elsewhere; 
Louisa P., born in Indiana Dec. 1, 
1842, died March 27, 1864; Lucinda 
J., born in Indiana Jan. 4, 1847, wife 
of P. T. Butler, whose biography ap- 
pears elsewhere ; William E. L., born in 



588 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Iconium. 
4 ; P. 0. 

7 ; P. 0. 



Wal- 



Indiana Nov. 9, 1849 ; married Miss 
Mary E. Freeman, daughter of W. W. 
Freeman, a resident of this county ; 
they now occupy the old homestead. 

Morlaun, Wm. E. L., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. 
Confidence. 

Mosby, E., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Confi- 
dence. 

Murphy, J. L., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. 

IVTEWELL, DAVID, far., S. 

X\ Milledoeville. 

OWEN, OWEN, far., Sec. 
Confidence. 
PARK, L. M., far.,S. 36; P. 0. 
nut City. 
PAYXE, UEORG^E M., farmer 
and fine-stock raiser. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. 
Iconium; son of Benj. Payne, a fuller, 
who was born Aug. 4, 1772; married 
Catharine Harrison, born May 20, 
1787 ; they first settled in Fayette Co., 
Penn. ; moved to Brownsville, where his 
son G-eorge was born, in 1828 ; in 1832, 
his father died of the cholera; his 
mother removed to Fairfield Co., Ohio ; 
there they engaged in farming for a time, 
removed to Pickaway Co., Ohio, where 
his mother died Sept. 19, 1846, a mem- 
ber of the M. E Church ; she left six 
children, only two now living — George 
W. and his eldest brother Jesse, of 
Davis Co., who came to Appanoose in 
1855 and settled in Sharon Tp. George 
remained in Pickaway Co., Ohio, engaged 
in farming; in 1851, married Miss 
Sarah Argo, daughter of Abijah and 
Mary Ann Robinson ; he was born in 
Pennsylvania, she in Virginia; her 
father died in 1 843, her mother in 1866 ; 
were married before receiving their 
license, that document being presented 
to the bride immediately after the cer- 
emony; July, 1856, arrived in Appa- 
noose, settling on a rented farm; four 
years after, he purchased, where he now 
resides and owns, sixty-three acres of 
laud, valued at $25 per acre ; had eight 
children — John W., born in Ohio July 
25, 1852, a successful teacher ; Arthur 
E., born Nov. 2, 1853, died Oct. 4, 
1871 ; Milton L., born June 20, 1855, 
died Oct. 4, 1871 ; William A., born 
Nov. 1, 1856 ; Ruth J., born April 18, 
1858 ; Alexander, born Nov. 28, 1859, 
died Dec. 4, 1867 ; Henry, born March 
20, 1863; Parthenia M., born Feb. 



11, 1869. Greenbacker; members of 
the M. E. Church. He is a mem- 
ber of the Grange, a strong believer 
of same ; says that the most profit- 
able business he has found is growing 
pure Poland-China hogs; has done much 
toward securing a good stock of that 
kind in the county. 
PENFIEL.D, JOHX S., farmer, 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Iconium ; is of New 
England descent ; his grandfather, Seth 
P., was a native of Connecticut, where he 
married M aomi Staples ; during the year 
1841, the fixmily removed to Crawford 
Co., Penn., there he followed the trade 
of blacksmith until his death in 1871, 
at the age of 80 years, his wife having 
died in ^1864. The father of John S., 
went to New York ; there married Miss 
Eliza McCan, daughter of John and 
Elizabeth McCan, of Irish and German 
descent ; removed to Erie Co., Ohio, 
where her father died of cancer in 1854, 
and her mother in June,1874. Aftertheir 
marriage, he returned to Pennsylvania 
and purchased a farm on which they 
still reside. Have four children, all set- 
tled in Pennsylvania except John S. ; 
he was born in Crawford Co., Penn., 
April 3, 1842. He joined the 2d Ohio 
Ind. Battery of Light Artillery Aug. 
3, 1861 ; was in the battles of Pea Ridge, 
Port Gibson, Champion Hill, siege of 
Vicksburg, siege of Jackson and Middle 
Bayou ; mustered out as Sixth Sergeant 
Aug. 9, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio; this 
Company was organized at Ashtabula 
Co., Ohio, July 20, 1861 ; mustered in 
at Columbus, Ohio, Aug. 6, 1861, and 
re-organized at Plaquemine, La., Feb. 22, 
1864. Mr. Penfield returned to Penn- 
sylvania Sept. 11, 1868. Married Miss 
Helen N. Duncan, daughter of Charles 
and Thida D. ; her father was born Aug. 
6, 1818; was a miner; her mother (nee 
Lampson), was born in Trumbull Co., 
Ohio, where they were married in 1842 ; 
raised a large family of children, and still 
resides in that State ; Mr. Penfield came 
to Van Buren Co., Iowa, in February, 
1869 ; Dec. 25, 1869, came to Apjxa- 
noose and purchased his present property 
ot 145 acres of well improved and 
cultivated land, valued at $30 per 
acre; they have one child — Walter 
W., born Aug, 17, 1869. Republican. 



INDEPENDENCE TOWNSHIP. 



589 



Has held the office of Secretary of School 
Board ; is Treasurer. 

Phillips, G. W., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Mil- 
led'^eville. 

Phillips, W. H., far., S. 19; P. 0. Mil- 
led<^eville. 

PEPPERS, WELXS, farmer and 
proprietor of Lake-Shore Mills, S. 16 ; 
P. 0. Milledgeville ; son of Reuben Pep- 
pers, who was born in Kentucky in 
1800, where his father, Robert, was an 
early settler, and died when Reuben was 
but 18 months old; when he was 8 
years of age, his mother removed to 
Ashe Co., N. C. At the age of 23, he 
married Catharine Blevins, born in Ashe 
Co., N. C, in 1803 ; had one child- 
Wells, was born in Kentucky July 25, 
1826 ; at 19 years of age, he received a 
common-school education, and, at the 
age of 19, he removed to Miami Co., 
Ohio, and lived in several counties in 
that State, working in the iron 
works until 1850, when he came to 
Iowa ; first came to Wapello Co., where 
he married Miss Margaret R. Northcutt ; 
born in Clarke Co., Ohio ; her parents, 
Willis and Sarah N., since removed to 
Oregon ; after marriage, they removed 
to lowaville, Van Buren Co., where he 
purchased property and engaged at mill- 
ing ; in 1851, on account of the flood 
in that country, he removed to Davis 
Co., and in company with Andy Dun, 
built a mill at Pleasant View, also kept 
the post office ; in 1855, removed to this 
county and settled where Milledgeville 
now stands and erected a mill for his 
brother and Jerry Anderson ; two years 
after built the mill at Griffinsville ; four 
years after, purchased a farm and one- 
half interest in the mill at Milledgeville; 
in 1868, purchased the farm where they 
now reside and own 140 acres, valued 
at $30 per acre ; have kept the post 
office at Milledgeville since 1875; he 
also has to contract for carrying the mail 
to and from Walnut City. They have 
eight children — Winfield S., born in 
1851, now a resident of Cherokee Co., 
Kan.; Sarah C., born in 1854, married 
and living in Wayne Co. ; Reuben W., 
born in 1857, a resident of Colorado ; 
Chloe A., born in 1860 ; Charles B., 
born in 1862; Edwin, born in 1864; 
Frankie M., born in 1868 ; Mary A., 



born in 1870. Republican. A member 
of the I. 0. 0. F., at La Grange, Mon- 
roe Co. Members of Christian Church. 
Has held the office of Justice of the 
Peace for sixteen years ; now Notary 
Public. 

Porter, B., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Milledgeville. 

Peppers, W., far.. Sec. 10; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

PRIKTY, R_. I., farmer. Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Milledgeville ; son of Israel Printy, 
who was born in Ohio previous to 1800 ; 
in 1819, he married Margaret Cooper, 
who was born in Virginia in 1800, 
daughter of Robt. C. Cooper and Eliza- 
beth Mead, who had three children — 
the youngest, R. J., was born in Ver- 
milion Co., Ind., Nov. 5, 1826 ; his 
father died in 1827, after which his 
mother removed to Greenup Co., Ky., 
thence to Scioto Co., Ohio ; in 1833, to 
Ripley Co., Ind., when 15, he went to 
Kentucky ; was engaged on the river, 
and a portion of his time in the iron 
works of Southern Ohio. Dec. 3, 1850, 
he married Miss Harriet J. Davis, 
daughter of Joshua Davis, of Jennings 
Co., Ind. ; she was born Jan. 27, 1829; 
the fall of 1851, they removed to this 
county ; reached here with but 37 1 in 
cash. Aug. 29, 1852, his wife died, 
leaving two children, twins — Israel and 
Harriet, born Aug. 21, 1852. March 
13, 1853, he married JVIiss Cynthia A. 
Baker, daughter of Wm. Baker, of 
Davis Co., from Indiana in 1848; she was 
born in Jennings Co., Ind., in 1826; her 
father was born in Kentucky in March, 
1797 ; her mother in Glasgow, Nov. 24, 
18—. Mr. Printy first settled in Wash- 
ington Tp. ; in the fall of 1853, he came 
to this township, where he now owns 
160 acres of well-improved land, valued 
at $5,000. They have six children — 
William, born Aug. 8, 1855; Margaret 
E., March 15, 1857 ; Louisa Americus, 
Oct. 24, 1858 ; Samuel M., May 15, 
1860; Jas. C, Jan. 30, 1863; Sarah 
M., March 19, 1865. Democrat. Trust- 
ee and school officer. 

Printy, Wm. C, far.. Sec. 24; P. 0. 
Griffinsville. 

RAIRDON, M., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Milledgeville. 
Reynolds, Moses, far., S. 22; P. 0. 
Milledgeville. 

7 



590 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Keynolds, W. E. L., far., Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 

Milledgeville. 
Rider, G. W., far.. Sec. 28; P. 0. 

Milledgeville. 
Rinehard, J. S., far., S. 31 ; P. O.Wabut 

Citv. 
Robb,' A. H., far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Walnut 

City. 
Rose, C, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

SANTEE, TOBIAS, far., Sec. 23 ; P. 
0. GriffiDsville. 

Scott. D. 0., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Griffinsville. 

Scott, Harlan, far., S. 35 ; P. 0. Griffins- 
ville. 

Sedgwick, B. F., far., Sec. 36; P. 0. 
Griffinsville. 

Sheeks, J. T., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

SHEEKI^, SAMrEIi, farmer and 
stock-grower. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Iconium ; 
born in Wayne Co., Ky., in 1812 ; son 
of George Sheeks, who was born in 
North Carolina ; married Elizabeth 
Canote ; were early settlers of Kentucky 
in 1816; were among the very earliest 
settlers of Lawrence Co., Ind., where he 
died in 1843, and she in 1853. Samuel, 
at the age of 21, married Miss Elizabeth 
Murray, born in North Carolina in 
1816 ; they engaged in farming in that 
county until the spring of 1850, when 
they came to Appanoose Co., then in a 
wild state, and almost uninhabited ; they 
went to Alexandria and Keokuk for 
their marketing and milling ; settled 
where he now resides, and entered 320 
acres of land, now owns 240 acres, valued 
at $25 per acre ; have nine children — 
Harriet B., born Oct. 21, 1835; John 
T., born Oct. 6, 1837; George W., 
born Sept. 15, 1839; Isaac H., born 
Sept. 6, 1841 ; Alexander Q., born 
March 7, 1844 (died in Keokuk, Nov. 
27, 1862, having enlisted in the 36th 
Iowa V. I., Co. F, in September, 1862), 
Denton P., born July 21, 1846 ; Lydia 
J., born Oct. 14, 1848: Martin B., 
born Nov. 10, 1851 ; Mary S. E., born 
Feb. 5, 1856, and Samuel G., born April 
9,1860. Republican; members of the 
Missionary Baptist Church since arrival 
in the county. Has held the office of 
Justice of the Peace two years, Town- 
ship Trustee and Assessor three years. 
Township Clerk two years, and school 
offices. 



Showalter, H., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Griffins- 
ville. 

Showalter, Joe, far.. Sec. 24; P. 0. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Smith, Ely, far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

Standley, J. T., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Swan, Jesse, far.. Sec. 28; P. 0. Mil- 
ledgeville. 
TAR BELL, B. A , farmer. Sec. 11 ; P. 
0. Milledgeville. 

TEATOR, C. C, farmer and stock- 
grower, Sec. 36; P. 0. Walnut City; 
born in Garrard Co., Ky., June 7, 
1804; in 1779, his grandfather Teator, 
of Maryland, settled in Lincoln, now 
Boyle, Co., Ky., in a fort, where his 
father, Harris T., was born; March, 
1785, the family removed to Garrard 
Co., Ky., to the farm where his father 
remained until his death, in 1867, at 
the age of 85, having been for 49 years 
Pastor of the M. E. Church ; at 22, 
he married Miss Rebecca Totten, who 
was born on Long Island in 1781 ; after 
the death of her father (who was mur- 
dered for his money), the family removed 
to Tennessee, thence to Kentucky, where 
she married ; remained until her death 
at the old homestead, where his father 
died at the advanced age of 83 years. 
C. C. received a limited education ; 
married Miss Ellen Davis who was born 
in Garrard Co., Ky., in 1807 ; her 
parents, both of Southern birth, pioneers 
of that county from Virginia, farmed by 
renting, then purchased a farm ; in 
1845, came to Jefferson Co., Iowa, and 
extensively engaged in stock -farming ; 
sent to Farmington and Keokuk the first 
droves of hogs butchered there. In 
1853, removed to this county, settled on 
present farm ; owns 343 acres of land, 
valued at S25 per acre; had fifteen 
children, nine living ; have sixty-five 
grandchildren, twenty-three great-grand- 
children — Cyrus, the eldest. Pastor of 
M. E. Church ; the youngest a farmer 
in Lucas Co ; four sons served three to 
four years in the army ; Cyrus was in 
prison ten months at Tyler, Tex. ; one 
died at Mapleton, Kan. ; another, dur- 
ing a battle, jumped his horse over a 
stone wall and captured a rebel flag, 
which he still retains. Of the descend- 



INDEPENDENCE TOWNSHIP. 



691 



ants of his grandfather, there were sev- 
enteen in the late war ; his great-grand- 
father Teator was in the French war, 
also in the Hevolution ; was at the battle 
of Ft. Duquesne, and, although wounded, 
was one of eight saved from a company 
of 200. Members of the M. E. Church 
over forty years ; their children, except 
two, members of same church ; he was 
a Whig, now Republican. 

Teator, G. C, far., Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Griffins- 
ville. 

Teegarden, Calvin, far., Sec. 35 ; P. O. 
Griffinsville. 

Teegarden, G. M., far., Sec. 33 ; P. O. 
Milledgeville. 

Temple, Wm. C, far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
Griffinsville. 

Thomas, A., far., Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Griffins- 
ville. 

Thomas, J. H., far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 0. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Talkiugton, P., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville. 

WHITE, HORATIO, Jr., 
farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Milledge- 
ville ; born in Washington Co., Penn., 
in 1824; son of Horatio White, Sr., 
who was born in Prince George's Co., 
Md., in 1772 ; in 1820, married Miss 
Sarah Koberts, born in Maryland in 
1786, but then, a resident of Washing- 
ton Co., Penn. ; they had three children 
— the eldest, Horatio, when he was 3 
years of age, with his parents, removed 
to Columbiana Co., Ohio. Received a 
good common-school education, and, at 
the age of 26, with his parents, emi- 
grated to Jefferson Co., Iowa; there his 
father died in 1852, aged 80 years ; in 
1855, he removed to this county, where 
he now owns eighty acres of land, valued 
at $3,000. In 1860, he married Miss 
Ellen Wilson, who was born in 1831 ; 



daughter of Andrew W., of Fairfield, 
Jefferson Co., Iowa, from Indiana; born 
in North Carolina ; a pioneer of Henry 
Co., Iowa; she is a member of the M. 
E. Church. Mr. White has two children 
— Frank, born Jan. 14, 1861 ; Harry, 
born in November, 1864. He is a mem- 
ber of the Congregationalist Church ; 
has been Township Clerk and Supervisor. 
Greenbacker. 
WOOIiF, THOMAS, farmer. Sec. 
36 ; P. O.Walnut City ; born in Bedford 
Co., Penn., in 1830 ; acquired a com- 
mon-school education; in 1851, went to 
Pickaway Co., Ohio ; engaged in farm- 
ing ; in 1852, came to Illinois near Mar- 
shall ; thence to Delaware Co., Iowa; 
engaged in farming by renting ; in 1864, 
went to Dubuque Co. ; employed in the 
lead mines for four years. Married 
Miss Josephine Gerrard, daughter of 
Henry and Mary E. G., natives of Bel- 
gium, who emigrated to this country in 
1849; died here, she, in 1859; he, in 
1868. Mrs. Wolf was born in Belgium, 
in 1843 ; have nine children — Sarah 
M., Ida M., Mary E., Laura B., Henry 
H., Nancy J., John M., Stella and 
Esther. In 1867, came to Appanoose, 
settled three miles south of Centerville, 
renting and farming; in 1869, moved 
north of Centerville, and remained five 
years, when they purchased their pres- 
ent property, consisting of eighty-two 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Mrs. W. had four brothers in the late 
war, two of whom were killed ; her 
youngest brother served one year in the 
latter part of the war, after which he 
enlisted in the regular army, and was 
sent to the frontier ; is now a resident of 
Kansas. One of her older brothers re- 
turned from the army with a ball in his 
neck. 




592 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. 



A DAMSON, BENJ., farmer, Sec. 33, 
P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Adamson, H.,far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Adams, J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Adams, J. C, far.,S. 1 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Armstrong, Chas. S.,far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

ARMSTRONG, J. H. B., farmer, 
Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, Oct. 10, 1810 ; his father, 
John H., who died before J. H. B. 
was born, was a lawyer by profession, 
studied with John McLain, of Cincin- 
nati ; was clerk of the court much of 
the time during the latter part of his 
life ; his mother, Sarah, whose maiden 
name was Brown, was born in Devon- 
shire, England, her parents emigrated 
to this country and settled in Cincinnati ; 
in 1792, her father started the first 
printing office and the first paper there, 
from which has sprung the well-known 
Cincinnati Gazette ; his mother mar- 
ried for her second husband Benjamin 
Adamson, a cabinet-maker ; he was 
born in Leeds, England; emigrated to 
America about 1790 ; an early settler 
of Cincinnati, Ohio ; at the time of their 
marriage, he had a very large stock of 
goods which he sold, taking as part pay- 
ment a large number of land warrants, 
and by that means became instrumental 
in the settlement of Fayette Co., Ohio ; 
settled there in 1810 and engaged in 
farming; in 1850, their son, J. H. B., 
returning to Lee Co., this state, they 
came soon after, where they died. 
Mr. Armstrong i-emained at home 
until November, 1832, when he mar- 
ried Miss Sidney Henckle ; she was 
born in Pendleton Co.,V"a., in 1809 ; her 
parents, Jacob and Annie, (nee Gregg), 
were early settlers of Ohio ; her mother 
carried her on horseback from Virginia 
to Ohio; in October, 1839, they, with 
J. H. B. and wife, and a colony of 
forty, came to Lee Co., Iowa ; they were 
all dressed in home-made red hunting 
shirts, which gave them the name of the 
Red Hunting-Shirt Co.; crossed the 
Mississippi at Ft. Madison. He re- 
mained in Lee Co. thirteen years, 
breaking and improving a farm of 300 



acres ; and in November, 1852, came to 
this county, where he has owned 2,000 
acres or more of land, which he has dis- 
posed of by dividing with his children 
and selling. In December, 1847, Mr. 
Armstrong died in Lee Co., leaving 
five children — Mary J. married George 
Frush, who died from disease contracted 
in the army ; Wm., who is now a resident 
of Oregon, enlisted and served with the 
36th I.V. I.; John B. enlisted in the 6th 
I. V. I., went through the war, is now a 
physician of Gardner, Kan. ; Charlotte E. 
married Wm. Frasier, who was with the 
3d I.V. C, also a resident of Kansas, and 
Sarah A., who died in Lee Co. in 
1848 ; in October, 1848, he married 
Mrs. Isabel Frush, widow of John 
Frush, then a resident of Lee Co. ; 
she was born in Tuscarawas Co., Ohio, 
in 1818 ; her maiden name was Shep- 
herd ; her parents, William and Catha- 
rene S., came to Lee Co. from Ohio 
in 1 839 ; farmers ; her mother died in 
there in 1843; her father died in this 
county in 1854; she, by her first husband, 
had two children — Catherine and John 
H. ; enlisted in the 3d I. V. C., now a 
resident of Montgomery Co., Kan. ; the 
daughter married Davis Morrison, son 
of Jonathan Morrison, of Ohio, a resi- 
dent of this township. Mr. and Mrs. 
A. have three children — Charles, Bell 
and Addie. Their daughters are mem- 
bers of the Christian Association. He 
has held the office of Township Trustee 
and school offices. Voted the Abolition 
ticket until the Republican party was 
formed, and that ticket since. 

Atherton, Henry, retired, Cincinnati. 

ATHERTON,_ A. A., merchant and 
farmer, Cincinnati ; born in Licking Co., 
Ohio, Aug. 5, 1837 ; located in this 
county, in 1863; owns a dry goods 
store here and a residence, also a large 
farm in the country. He is a member 
of the M. E. Church, and a Democratic 
Greenbacker. His wife, Dorcas Welsh, 
born in Ohio, Sept. 18, 1838; they 
were married Feb. 21, 1861, and have 
three children — Maria Edith, Jennie 
June, Lewis Harlan. Mr. Atherton has 
been School Director three years ; Mayor 



PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. 



593 



of Cincinnati two years, and is now Jus- 
tice of the Peace ; he is one of Cincin- 
nati's most enterprising citizens. 
Atherton, L. E., foreman B. & S. W., 
Cincinnati. 

BAKER, H. H., farmer, Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

Bales, Andrew, harness-maker, Cincinnati. 

Beer, M. N., merchant, Cincinnati. 

Besse, H., far., S. 14; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Beamer, P., far. S. 23; P. 0. Centerville. 

BENNETT, A. J., dealer and worker 
in marble headstones and monuments, 
east side square, Cincinnati ; residence 
Pleasant st. ; born in Manchester, Vt., in 
1844 ; at the age of 5 years, his father 
Albert B., removed to Rutland, Vt. ; he 
engaged in painting, that being his trade ; 
after five years, moved to Waukesha, 
Wis., and went into the marble busmess, 
which he followed with good success until 
he died in 1863. July, 1861, Mr. Bennett 
enlisted in the 5th Wis. V. I. ; was in 
the battles of Yorktown, Wamlsby and 
others, until the retreat of McClellan 
from Chickahominy Swamp ; discharged 
Sept. 24, 1862 ; returned to Wisconsin 
and worked at his trade until Sept. 24. 
1863 ; re-enlisted in Co. 1), 3d Wis. V. 
C, Capt. Shaw ; was at Mine Creek, 
Price's Raid, and in general skirmishes 
in Southwest Missouri ; enlisted as a 
private, and mustered out as Quarter- 
master Sergeant at Madison, Wis. Oct. 
10, 1865. Returned to his trade, 
which he followed in Kansas, Mis- 
souri, Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin and 
Indiana. In 1871, he married Miss 
Kate Baley ; she was born in Charleston, 
Lee Co., Iowa in 1847 ; they have two 
children — Ida M., born in March, 1872 ; 
Carrie, born in September, 1873, Octo- 
ber, 1873, came to Cincinnati, where he 
entered into business for himself; has an 
extensive trade, reaching well into Mis- 
souri, and from ten to twenty miles in 
every direction. Mr. Bennett knows his 
business well, from the finest sculpturing 
to the roughest stone-cutting, having 
had eighteen years' experience. Owns 
his residence and grounds. Has held 
the oflices of City Street Commissioner, 
Township and Town Assessor, Recorder, 
Constable, Secretary Township School 
Board ; now nominated for Justice of the 
Peace. 



BOZWEI.I., T. L.., farmer. Sec. 13 ; 
P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Mason Co., 
Va., in 1818; moved to Van Buren Co., 
Iowa, in 1850 ; farmed until 1855, 
when he came to this county ; owns 128 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Married Miss Catharine Riffle in 1850; 
she was born inMason Co., Va.,in 1829; 
have six children — Virginia A., Mary 
E., John R., Alice J., Susan J., Will- 
iam G. • Democrat; are members of the 
M. E. Church. Has held the office of 
School Director for several years, and 
Township Trustee three terms. His 
father, Thomas B., died in Mason Co., 
Va., in 1843 ; his mother died in 
Cincinnati, this county, in 1860, at the 
age of 78 years, leaving her children all 
settled in Iowa. 

Bozwell, C. M., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Bozwell, John R., far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

Brown, A. S., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Brown, Sidner, laborer, Cincinnati. 

Buck, Sylvester, far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Buck, Eli, far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

CHAMBERS, J. A., wagon-maker, 
Cincinnati. 

Cline, Albert, J., far.. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Coates, Henry, far., Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Conger, John, far., Sec. 36; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Conger, Benoni, far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Cole, Henry P., far.. Sec. 20; P. 0. 
Numa. 

Conger, Enos, far.. Sec. 14; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

COXGER_, E. G., far.. Sec. 33 ; 
P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Greene Co., 
Penn., in 1806 ; in 1812, his father, 
Elias C., removed to Monroe Co., Ohio ; 
engaged in farming until his death in 
1846 ; at the age of 16, E. G. ran away 
from home, having no advantages of 
schooling ; went to the Ohio River and 
engaged to push on a keel-boat ; there he 
saw the first steamboat on the Ohio 
River; at the age of 20, he returned to 
his native county in Pennsylvania. Mar- 
ried Miss Rebecca Patterson, with whom 



594 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY i 



he lived fifty years ; she was born in 
Greene Co., Penn., in 1806 ; died Nov- 
ember 25, 1876, leaving seven children 
— Mary A., Mark, John, Elias, Enos, 
Martha J. and Sam. After their mar- 
riage, settled in Monroe Co. ; remained 
until 1 848 ; came to this county where 
he now resides, ownitjg 170 acres of 
land, valued at $25 per acre. He first 
settled in Caldwell Tp., and for a time 
lived near Centerville ; part of the 
town is built on the land previously 
owned by him ; thence to Walnut Tp. ; 
thence to Pleasant ; when he came, no 
settlement between Centerville and Mis- 
souri line ; wolves numerous. Mr. Con- 
ger is a Republican; always helped 
fugitive slaves when an opportunity 
occurred. A member of the M. E. 
Church ; his wife was also. His son 
William enlisted in 36th Towa Infantry, 
in 1863 ; at Pittsburg Landing missing; 
and was not heard from afterward. 

Corder, J. A., merchant, Cincinnati. 

Crowley, Daniel, foreman B. & S. W., 
Cincinnati. 

Crowder, Charles R., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

Crowder, J. A., far.. Sec. 8; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

DAILY, PATRICK, far., Sec. 19 ; 
P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Daily, John P., far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Davis, Isaac, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Dodd, William L., far.. Sec. 13 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

David, J. A., station agent, B. & S. W., 
Cincinnati. 

ERVIN, ELIAS, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0.. 
Cincinnati. 
Ervin, A. S. far., S. 27 ; P. O. Cincinnati. 

IpROST, J., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Hibbs- 
1 ville. 
FOWLER, W. P., far., S. 13; P. 

0. Cincinnati ; born in Noble Co., Ohio, 
in 1837; in 1859, took a trip West, vis- 
iting Centerville, then but a hamlet, and 
Denver just springing into existence; 
and on to Salt Lake ; remained there 
over a month ; returned via St. Louis 
in winter of 1860 and 1861. Decem- 
ber, 1861, enlisted in the 78th Ohio V. 

1. ; was at Ft. Donelson, Shiloh, luka, 
Vick-burg, Holly Springs, Mission 
Ridge, Atlanta, Savannah, Ft. McAlis- 



ter, Bentonville, at Johnson's surrender 
and Rolla ; was detailed as forager in 
Sherman's march to the sea ; mustered 
out at Little Rock, Ark., in December, 
1865. Married Miss E. E. Steward; 
she was born in Noble Co., Ohio, in 
1 845 ; her father went to California and 
was killed in the mines. They have three 
children — Nevada M., born Oct. 24, 
1867; Mary J., Oct. 5, 1872 ; Roswell, 
in April, 1875. Spring of 1866, came 
to this county, where he owns 143 acres, 
valued at $25; during 1877, took an- 
other trip to the Rocky Mountains and 
gold country, being one of a party of 
sixteen men with one hundred head of 
cattle and twenty-four wagons, shipping 
provisions to Deadwood ; had several 
skirmishes with the Indians, but only 
lost six mules ; saw the Indians in forces 
of 3,000 to 4,000. Republican ; mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. Elected 
this fall for Township Trustee ; has held 
the school offices 

Fox, H. B., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

r^ ILL, D.,far.,S. 8; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

GAUI>T, EDWARD J.; bom 

near Belfast, Ireland, June. 1, 1828, of 
Scotch -Irish (Presbyterian) parentage ; 
the family emigrated to America in 
1839, and settled in Philadelphia, where 
he served an apprenticeship to the trade 
of ornamental painting. At the breaking- 
out of the Mexican war,he voluntered, but 
was not permitted to go, as the quota 
of Pennsylvania was full ; then went to 
New York ; in the win ter of 1 847 , removed 
to Wilmington, Del. ; June, 1849,went to 
Louisville, Ky., and worked at his trade 
until the fall of 1850 ; then went to 
Madison, Wis.; in May, 1852, he went 
to Oswego, 111., where he opened a shop; 
remained until the following ; in May, 
1853, he came to Iowa and walked from 
Keokuk to his present home near Cin- 
cinnati. Dec. 25, 1853, he married 
Sophia L. McClure ; have nine children ; 
his wife died Nov. 27, 1873. Mr. Oault 
has filled the office of County Super- 
visor, and, in 1861, he was elected to the 
Lower House of the Iowa Legislature, 
receiving the unanimous vote of the 
people as a War Democrat ; in 1871, he 
was elected to the State Senate and 
served four years in that body. He is 



PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. 



595 



now conducting a stock-farm of 900 
acres, near Cincinnati, Iowa. P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

OAUL.T, HENRYS farmer, stock 
grower and dealer, Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati ; born in Antrim Co., Ireland, 
in 1833; when 6 years of age, his 
father, Francis G., came to this country ; 
in Philadelphia, engaged at bonnet- 
pressing ; his grandparents on his 
mother's side ( Mc Call) were also resi- 
dents of Philadelphia until their deaths. 
The Gaults remained in Philadelphia 
ten years ; then removed to Dane Co., 
Wis., eight miles west of Madison ; 
purchased a farm, and engaged in farm- 
ing umil 1853, when they came to 
Appanoo.se, and settled in this township, 
on the fiirm now owned by Henry G. 
His father died in September, 1870 ; his 
mother having died in December, 1860. 
While in Philadelphia, Mr. Gault re- 
ceived a good common-school educa- 
tion ; came to Wisconsin with his father, 
and, afterward, to this county, where 
he now owns 600 acres, valued at $20 
per acre. In December, 1855, married 
Miss Hester M. McClure ; she was born 
in Henry Co., Ind., in 1838; her 
parents, Thomas and Mary J. McC. 
(nee Young), natives of Antrim Co., 
Ireland, emigrated to America in 
1828 ; settled on a farm in Allegheny 
County, near Pitt.sburgh; three years 
after, removed to Lee Co., 111., where 
her mother died ; her father is now a 
resident of Nebraska. They have had 
eight children, five of whom are now 
living — James, Deborah, Mary J., 
Harry, William T. Democratic; mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church. He 
has held the office of School Director 
and Township Trustee ; is a member of 
the A., F. & A. M. Lodge at Bellair, 
and Charter at Centcrville. 

OILBERT, JOSIAH, farmer. 
Sec. 6; P. 0. Cincinnati; born in Ver- 
mont, March 8, 1815 ; located in this 
county in 1853; owns 1-14 acres of 
land, valued at $3,000. Universalist; 
Republican. Married Catherine John- 
son Dec. 12, 1833; have six children — 
Truman E., born Dec. 20, 1837 ; Susan, 
Jan. 9, 1841 ; Elizabeth, July 12, 
1847; Sarah, April 18, 1850; Jo.siah, 
Feb. 25, 1853; Ellen, Jan. 15, 1858. 



Mr. Gilbert is an intelligent citizen, and 
has his farm under a high state of 
cultivation. 

Glaper, J. H., far.; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Gorsuch, J., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Goodhue, J. E., speculator ; Cincinnati. 

Green, N., retired; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Green, J. I. C, far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Green, J. N.,far.; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

GREE]^, DAVID, Jr., farmer, 
Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in 
Addison Co., Vt., in 1818; at the age 
of 8 years, his father, David G., Sr. (a 
mechanic), removed to Chautauqua Co., 
N. Y., near Mayville, the county seat; 
engaged at his trade and farming. 
David, Jr., at 18, after receiving a com- 
mon-school education, went to Wash- 
ington Co., Ohio, near Marietta; he 
purchased a farm, and, in 1839, married 
Miss Harriet Conkwright ; she was born 
in that county in 1822 ; her father, 
Barego C, a pioneer of Ohio, settled 
there about 1800, and died there in 
1838 ; her cousin, Richard C, was 
one of the first teachers of this county ; 
Mr. Green owns 105 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre ; have seven 
children — Julia A., Albert, Hattie, 
Clara, D. P., William B. and Lottie ; 
all but two are doing business for 
themselves. Republican ; members of 
the M. E. Church. Has held office of 
Township Trustee and school offices. 

HANNA, S., far., Sec. 25; P. 0. 
Centerville. 

Hamm, F. W. I., far.. See. 33 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

Hall, William, fixr., S. 7 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

HARRIS, L.EWIS, farmer. Sec. 
35 ; P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Butler 
Co., Ohio, in 1814. When about 18 
months of age, his father, Joshua H., 
moved to Franklin Co., Ind.; one of the 
earliest settlers of the State ; cleared and 
improved a farm, until 1850, when he 
moved to Vermilion Co., 111., where he 
died at the age of 70 ; his mother died 
in 1847, at the age of 72. In 1835, 
Mr. Harris married Miss Polly Cults, 
daughter of Robert and Jane Cults, 
then residents of Franklin Co., Ind., 
since of Hamilton Co., Ind.; her mother 
died in 1842; her father is now with 
Mr. and Mrs. H. Soon after marriage, 



596 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Mr. Harris removed to Decatur Co., 
Ind.; in 1855, to Louisa Co., Iowa; en- 
gaged in farming ; thence to this county, 
in 1856, where he owns 279 acres of 
land, valued atS20 per acre ; have eight 
children — Joseph M., Joshua C, Mary 
J., Martha A., Hulda E., Lewis J., 
Emma and Margaret E. Democrat ; 
members of the Baptist Church ; is a 
member of A., F. & A. M., No. 42 
Centerville. Their eldest son, Joseph 
M., was a member of the Missouri 
Battery, enlisted in the fall of 1863, 
and Joshua C. enlisted in February, 
1862, in the 16th Iowa V. I.; served 
until the close of the war. During his 
stay of one year in Louisa Co., he loaned 
his money, consisting of $4,000, which 
was a total loss ; consequently he 
started here with comparatively nothing. 

HEXKLE. HENRY, farmer. Sec. 
24 ; P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Pendle- 
ton Co., Va., in 1822 ; during 1829, his 
father, Abraham, removed to Vermilion 
Co., 111.; he was one of the earliest set- 
tlers of that county and State ; he im- 
proved a farm, and remained until 1836, 

• when he came a pioneer to Lee Co., 
Iowa ; there were but four houses and 
one store at Fort Madison and two log 
cabins at Keokuk ; settled in Van Buren 
Tp., and broke a farm; in the fall of 
1854, again moved to Taylor Co., Iowa, 
where he died in February, 1870, at the 
age of 87 years ; his wife still lives 
there, being in her 98th year. Henry 
remained at home until 22 years of age ; 
received but six months' schooling ; then 
married Miss Sarah Wilson; she was 
born in Greenbrier Co., Va., in 1823; 
they were married in Lee Co.; her par- 
ents, Robert and Mary, emigrated there 
in 1840, stopping first in Vermilion Co., 
111.; she died in 1849, leaving two chil- 
dren — Isaac W. and Stephen R. Mr. 
H. soon after visited California, crossing 
the Isthmus ; engaged in mining and 
teaming until 1855; returned to Lee 
Co., where he engaged in farming. Mar- 
ried Miss Almeda Forbes ; she was born 
in Warren Co., Penn., in 1833 ; her 
parents, Alfred and Zulina F., settled in 
Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 1863. Mr. 
H. and family moved to Van Buren Co. 
in the spring of 1866 ; came to this 
county, where he owns 155 acres of land, 



valued at $15 per acre. Have six chil- 
dren. In early times, Mr. H. has seen 
immense flocks ot wild turkeys and deer 
(more numerous than sheep now) ; pan- 
thers, catamounts, wolves, lynx, raccoon 
and mink abounding, and rattlesnakes 
numerous until the hogs of the settlers 
caused them to disappear. Mr. H.'s 
son Isaac W. enlisted in Co. I, 6th Iowa 
V. I., in 1861 ; on Sherman's march, 
was Regimental Color Sergeant ; at Shi- 
loh, had colors shot out of his hand 
twice ; had seven bullet-holes through 
his blouse and one through his hat ; 
veteranized in the winter of 1863-64 ; 
mustered out at Davenport, Iowa, in 
1865, and died in St. Clair Co., Mo., 
in April, 1876. Democrat. A member 
of the A., F. & A. M, at Farmington. 
Herrald, J. W., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Numa. 

HOEBROOK, E. R., DR., far , 

Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Tol- 
land Co., Conn., in 1813 ; remained with 
his father, Elias H., a farmer, until 21 
years of age ; and commenced the study 
of medicine ; continued it for three 
years ; attended a course of lectures at 
New Haven Medical College ; practiced 
for a time with the physician with whom 
he studied ; poor health compelled him 
to abandon the pirofession. Then, taught 
school. Married Miss Mary A. Mitchel ; 
she was born in Madison Co., N. Y., in 
1814; they came to Lee Co., Iowa, 
where he entered land at the first land 
sale in Burlington ; in 1850, with his 
parents, came to this county and settled 
where he now resides ; erected the first 
house on the prairie south of Cincinnati, 
on the disputed tract, the line not hav- 
ing been surveyed at that time ; entered 
240 acres of land, which he still owns, 
valued at $50 per acre ; also 160 acres 
of land in Sioux Co., valued at $10 per 
acre, and forty acres of coal-lands in this 
county, valued at $10 per acre ; they 
have three children — Eliza J., born Jan. 
7, 1848 ; Sarah G., born Aug. 27, 1853; 
Luther R., Jr., born Aug:. 7, 1855. Re- 
publican ; members of the Congregation- 
alist Church. Their son Charles K. 
enlisted as First Sergeant of Co. I, 3d I. 
V. C, August, 1861 ; re-enlisted Jan. 
1 , 1 864 ; June 1 1 , 1 864, was captured at 
Ripley on an expedition to Guntown, 
and held at Andersonville ; thence taken 



PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. 



597 



to Millen, Ga., where he died Nov. 
15, 1865. Another son, George W., 
enlisted in 3Gth I. V. I., Co. I, under 
Gen. Drake, in 1862 ; was taken pris- 
oner near Elksford, Ark., April 6, 186-i ; 
held at Tyler, Texas, until close of the 
war, and when discharged went to Mon- 
tana Territory in the of spring of 1866. 

Holbrook, S., farmer; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Holman, J. L., far., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Holmun, J., far.. Sec, 2 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

HUGHES, JESSE _ F., farmer, 
Sec. 26 ; P. O. Centerville ; born in 
Johnson Co., Ind., in 1853; when 2 
years of age, his father, John Hughes, 
removed to Appanoose Co., where he 
settled in Pleasant Tp., and engaged in 
farming on the farm which is now 
owned by his son Joseph S. Hughes ; 
he is now living in Center- 
ville a retired farmer; his mother, 
Charity, whose maiden name was St. 
John, is also living. Sept. 1, 1875, he 
married Miss Martha J. Messersmith, 
an orphan and a resident of this town- 
ship ; she was born near Indianapolis, 
Ind., in 1857. Democrat; members of 
the M. E. Church. Held the office of 
Township Secretary for three terms. 
Owns 160 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre. 

Hughes, J. A., far., S. 23; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Hughes, B. F., far., S. 24 ; P. O. Center- 
ville. 

Huston, W. H., wagon-maker, Cincinnati. 

IRELAND, E U., far.. Sec. 6; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 
IRELAND, AiyX MRS., far., S. 
11 ; P.O.Cincinnati ; born in Mercer Co., 
Penn., in 1811; her father, John Whitt- 
mer, died when she was but 4 years of 
age, leaving her mother with a family of 
six small children ; she remained a 
widow for nine years, then married 
Jacob Bear, a resident of Mercer Co., 
who lived but four weeks after their 
marriage; five years, after she married 
John Brown, then a resident of Ohio, 
where he took his wife and daughter 
Ann ; the rest of the family were set- 
tled in Pennsylvania. On their journey 
to Washington Co., Ohio, Mrs. Brown 
stopped at Marietta, and Ann and Mr. 
Brown went on foot thirty miles further 



in one day. Mr. Brown died in 1858; 
her mother then came to this county, 
where she died in January, 1876. At 
the age of 22, Ann married Mr. Elijah 
S. Ireland, who was born in Morgan Co., 
Ohio, in 1813 ; was a farmer ; a year after, 
they came to Jackson Co., Ohio, where 
they remained sixteen years ; then came 
to this county, where he died Jan. 12, 
1867, at the age of 54 years 4 months 
and 12 days, much esteemed by all who 
knew him ; he left eight children — 
Deadama, Julia A., John B., William 
A., Margaret J., Mahala, Benjamin L., 
Charles W. Had held the offices of 
Township Trustee, school offices, etc. 
Mr. Ireland was a member of the M. 
E. Church, but, five years after their 
marriage, joined the United Brethren 
Church ; Mrs. Ireland is now a mem- 
ber of the Congregational Church. She 
has 360 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. 

KING, JAMES, far., S. 15; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 
King, J. A., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 
Knapp, M., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Numa. 
Keller, A., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Numa. 

LANG, L. T., far., S. 13; P. O. Cin- 
cinati. 

Langwith, Henry, retired, Cincinnati. 

Leseney, — , hotel-keeper, Cincinnati. 

Lee, John, far., S. 35; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Linder, L., far., S. 28; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Litsey, J. J., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Cincin- 
nati. 

liOWE, ISAIAH, retired farmer ; 
P. 0. Numa ; born in North Carolina in 
1794 ; when 6 months old, his father re- 
moved to Fayette Co., Ky., four miles 
from Lexington ; engaged in farming ; 
remained there four years ; thence to 
Slate Creek, Montgomery Co., where he 
remained until his death in 1806, his 
mother following one year after. Isaiah 
was bound to a tanner ; served an ap- 
prenticeship of five years ; in 1812, 
went to Madison Co., Ohio ; worked at 
journey work four years and farming 
two years ; returned to Kentucky, 
Fleming Co. In 1817, married Lucy 
Estell, who was born in Fleming Co., in 
1800, the month and day of her birth 
being the same as her husband's ; a 
daughter of William Estell, of Ken- 
tucky, who, with an elder brother. 



598 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



are all known to be living of the 
family. After marriage, commenced 
tanning in Bath Co., Ky. ; three years 
after, returned to Fleming Co. ; four 
years after, sold out to his father-in-law 
and purchased a farm in same county ; 
removed to Sangamon Co., 111., in 1830, 
where he entered a tract of land, which 
he improved and farmed ; in 1 84:4, 
came to Davis Co., Iowa, again entered 
land and underwent the hard.ships of 
pioneer life; in 1864, sold out, came to 
Appanoose and purchased a farm in 
Pleasant Tp. ; remained for five years ; 
returned to Davis Co., Belknap, pur- 
chased a lot and built a residence which 
he still owns, but their children not 
wishing them to live alone, they now 
reside with their daughter, Mrs. Parks, 
of Pleasant Tp. ; they have ten chil- 
dren, lost three ; raised three grand- 
children. Mrs. Lowe is a member of 
the Baptist Church ; Republican. While 
in Davis Co., he held the office of Jus- 
tice of the Peace. 

McDonald, a. C, carpenter, Cin- 
cinnati. 

McDonald, W. S., far., P. 0. Cincinnti. 

McCollum, J. N., far.. Sec. 15; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

McDOXALD, DAXIEL, farmer, 
Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Mer- 
cer Co.. Penn., in 1814 ; educated in a 
log school house with windows of paper ; 
four days of the week working at home, 
two days at school ; remained at home 
until 27 years of age. During 1841, he 
married Miss Mary Stuart ; she was 
born in Derry Co., Ireland, in 1815 ; 
her parents, Clayton and Nancy S., em- 
igrated to America when she was but 6 
months of age ; her father settled in 
Allegheny Co. ; her brother Thomas is an 
eminent physician of Cumberland Co., 
Penn. ; her second brother, an extensive 
coal and lime merchant, supposed to 
have been worth $50,000, killed by cars ; 
a sister, wife of Dr. James J. Kerr, of 
Lansing, Mich. Mrs. McD. died May 
19, 1878, a devout Christian lady; her 
loss is deeply felt by the community as 
well as her family ; she left seven chil- 
dren—Nancy S., Mary L,, J. C, A. C, 
Josie E., Harriet Beecher and Wilbur 
S., each having a liberal education, all 
having been or are at present successful 



teachers ; theireldestson, Henry Jacque^ 
died at Cincinnati in 1875. A membe'^ 
of the Congregational Church, and ha*^ 
been either Elder or Deacon for twenty" 
five years ; Mrs. McD. was also a member 
of that Church ; Republican. Has held 
nearly all the township offices ; Mr. 
McD. owned 320 acres of well culti- 
vated land, valued at $40 per acre, 
which he distributed among his child- 
ren, except 120 acres left himself ; always 
foremost in public enterprise ; the fine 
brick church in Cincinnati, in which he 
worships, was erected by himself and 
another member ; has also been one of 
the foremost in the erection of their 
school-buildings. 

McDONAIiD, JOHN C, farmer; 
residence Cincinnati ; born in Mercer 
Co., Penn., in July, 1845 ; came to Lee 
Co., Iowa, in 1852; thence, in 1854, to 
this county, where he owns eighty-five 
acres of land adjoining Cincinnati, val- 
ued at $33.50 per acre. Married Miss 
Mary K. Boyles ; she was born in Bel- 
mont Co., Ohio, Sept. 22, 1846 ; her 
father, John P., came to this county in 
1856 ; engaged in the lumber trade at 
Centerville, his being the first yard in 
the county ; commenced business in 
1869, and continued it five years; sold 
to his son and son-in-law, the firm being 
Boyles & Bower ; he is now 76 and his 
wife 71 years of age. Mr. McDonald 
has one child — Kitty, born in July, 
1871. Are members of the Congrega- 
tional Church. He holds the offices of 
Township Clerk, School Treasurer in his 
district and Township School Treasurer ; 
is Notary Public and collection agent ; 
also deals in real estate ; has taught 
school eight consecutive winters. Re- 
publican. A member of the I. 0. 0. F. 
Lodge, No. 76, at Centerville. Enlisted 
in Co. E, 7th Iowa V. C, April 23, 1863, 
as private ; served as Quartermaster's 
Clerk for first two years ; after that as 
Sergeant Major ; his regiment was en- 
gaged on the frontier ; also employed in 
making several expeditions ; mustered 
out in May, 1866, at Ft. Leavenworth, 
Kansas. 

McFARIiAND, J. S., farmer and 
stock-grower, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville ; born in Ohio Co., W. Va., Jan. 
7, 1822 ; his father, Robert McFarland, 



PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. 



599 



was born in Ireland, and emigrated to 
this country in 1811 ; first settled in 
Boston, Mass.; engaged in learning his 
trade in the old country. Married his 
cousin, Jane McFarland, in Providence, 
R. I., also a native of Ireland, and emi- 
grated to this country at the breaking 
out of the war of 1812 ; their ship was 
prevented from landing where intended, 
in consequence of the troubles existing 
at that time ; afterward settled in West 
Virginia ; thence to Ohio, and during 
1856, they, with their son J. S., came to 
this township, where he bought 100 
acres of land, but now owns 230 acres 
of the finest and best improved land in 
the county, valued at $35 per acre. He 
married Miss Sarah J. Porter in 1848 ; 
she was born in Fayette Co., Penn., in 
in 1812 ; they have four children — 
Susan J., Mary E. and Louisa J., born 
in Ohio, and Edgar P., born in Iowa, 
July 23, 1856. Republican ; members 
of the Presbyterian Church. Was Town- 
ship Treasurer for twelve years, and has 
held the ofiice of Township Trustee ; 
also school ofl&ces. She is a member of 
the M. E. Church. He is a mem- 
ber of the I. 0. 0. F.. having be- 
longed to that body at Fort Madison. 
His son, John S., enlisted in Co. I, Capt. 
Wycoff", 18th Mo. V. I.; was assigned 
the duty of teamster, and, in 1864, was 
drowned near Shiloh. 

McMorrow, J., far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Cincin- 
nati. 

McKeehan, B., far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Cincin- 
nati. 

Maloney, W., far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

May, J. N., nurseryman, Cincinnati. 

Messersmith, G. W., far.,S. 29 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Mitchell, A., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Cincin- 
nati. 

Michael, D., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

MORRH^OHV, J. W., farmer, Sec. 
2; P. 0. Cincinnati; born in Walkill, 
Orange Co., N. Y., July 29, 1812 ; his 
father's father, James Morrison, anative 
of Scotland, came to America previous 
to the Revolution ; settled in Orange Co., 
N. Y.. in the same township where J. 
W. was born; purchased a farm of Lord 
Stirling, it being wild land, in fact, very 
little of any other at that time was to 



be found any farther West than that ; 
he remained there until his deatVi, which 
occurred about the year 1823. The father 
of Mr. Morrison, Daniel M., being the 
eldest of the family, settled about one 
mile from the old homestead, where he 
engaged in farming until his death, 
which occun-ed in 1824 ; his mother's 
father, Timothy Wood, came to Orange 
Co. from Long Island at a very early 
date, supposed to be previous to the 
Morrisons' settlement there ; was also a 
farmer ; at the age of 17, J. W. engaged 
as an apprentice to learn the mason's 
trade ; served over four years ; worked 
at his trade during the summer, and 
teaching in the winter until 35 years of 
age. In 1838, he married Miss Cor- 
delia Smith ; she was born in same 
county, township and State in 1820 ; 
parents natives of New England ; father, 
Asa Smith, born near Boston ; amachin- 
ist, but a farmer during the latter part 
of his life ; her mother, Rachel Cook, 
was born in Rhode Island ; both died in 
Massachusetts ; in 1847, J. Ward and 
family removed to Wisconsin ; there 
purchased a farm and engaged in farm- 
ing until 1856, when they came to Ap- 
panoose ; first settled in Center Tp., 
where he now owns one of the finest 
farms in the county, of 340 acres, four 
miles south of Centerville ; later he 
came to Pleasant Tp., where he also 
owns a good farm of 340 acres, all 
valued at $30 per acre ; they have seven 
children — Leonard E., Walter S., Har- 
riet P., Adelaide, David S., Lewis K. and 
Florence. Republican. 

Morrow, Joseph, carpenter, Cincinnati. 

Mottoo, Michael, Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Morris, Davis, Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

PATTERSON, MARK, far., Sec. 22 ; 
P. 0. Centerville. 
Parks, Robert; far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Hibbs- 

ville. 
Philips, Thomas, far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

PORTER, PHI^EHAS, Jr., 

farmer, Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Centerville ; 
born in Fayette Co., Penn., in 1809 ; 
his father, Phinehas P., Sr., a tanner, 
born in Mercer Co., Penn., afterward a 
resident of Fayette Co., died in 1817; 
his mother, Susan P., whose family 



600 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



name was McNatt, was born near 
Gettysburg, Penn., died Dec. 10, 1837 ; 
for eight years after the death of his 
mother, his sister and himself remained 
at the old homestead, Sept. 10, 184-1, 
he married Miss Hannah Bunker ; she 
was born in Fayette Co., Penn., in 1818; 
her father, Jesse B., was born in the 
State of Delaware ; afterward a wagon- 
maker of Dunbar, Fayette Co., Penn. ; 
her mother, Elizabeth, whose maiden 
name was Phillips, was born near Union- 
town, county seat of Fayette Co. ; they 
both died in that county ; very soon 
after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Por- 
ter removed to Belmont Co., twenty 
miles below Wheeling, W. Va., where 
they remained for eleven years, engaged 
in farming ; they came to this county, 
where he now owns eighty acres of land, 
valued at $35 per acre. They have 
three children — Emma P., born July 7, 
1850 ; Albert J., born March 26, 1853 ; 
Charles E., born April 16, 1856. Re- 
publican ; Mr. Porter has been a mem- 
ber of the Presbyterian Church for forty 
years ; Mrs. P. was formerly a Meth- 
odist, but after their marriage joined the 
Presbyterian Church ; their daughter 
Emma is a member of the same church, 
and their two sons of the Methodist. 
Their eldest son, James J., enlisted in 
the 3d I. V. C. in March, 1863, 
being but 18 years of age; died of 
measles, at Memphis, in June, 1863. 
Mr. P. has held the office of Township 
Trustee, Township Supervisor, and, in 
1864, was elected County Supervisor. 

Pounds, I. D., hotel-keeper, Cincinnati. 

Pullman, D. J., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Center- 
ville. 

Putnam, James, far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

RICE, J. M., far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

REYNOI^PS, W. T.,far., Sec. 38; 
P. 0. Cincinnati ; born in Kent Co., 
Del., Nov. 3, 1819 ; his father, William, 
a sailor, was knocked overboard by 
the boom of his vessel and drowned be- 
fore W. T. was born ; his mother, who 
was his father's second wife, died of 
consumption, when he was 3 years old ; 
he then went to live with the family of 
his step-grandfather ; they came to Fay- 
ette Co., Ohio, in 1826 ; were among 



the earliest settlers. In 1840, he mar- 
ried Miss Mary Hopkins ; she was born 
in Ross Co., Ohio, in 1823 ; in 1847, 
they came to Lee Co., Iowa, where he 
purchased land and engaged in farming 
for six years; in 1852, his wife died, 
leaving four children — John F., Mary 
J., Phoebe and Nancy A.; Jan. 19, 1854, 
he married Miss Elizabeth McCasher; 
her parents, James and Sarah, were early 
settlers of Lee Co., from Ohio; her 
father died there in 1858; mother in 
1867. During 1858, he, with Jacob 
Colbert and Robert Hawk, engaged in 
milling ; purchased a grist-mill and saw- 
mill near his present home, patrons com- 
ing for fifty miles in either direction ; 
ran the mill day and night ; he remained 
in that business for a time, but has since 
devoted his time and attention solely to 
farming, having owned 170 acres; but 
his health failing, has reduced his farm 
to ninety acres, valued at $30 per acre. 
They have five children — Sarah C, 
Charlotte L., Jessie F., Josephine J. 
and Harland. His son, John F., en- 
listed in the 6th I. V. I. in October, 

1861, Co. I; died at St, Louis at the 
Hospital of Sisters of Charity May 14, 

1862, of pneumonia. Republican; a 
member of the Congregational Church. 
Has held office of Township Assessor 
two terms. Township Trustee two terms; 
held school offices. 

RIGLER, GEORGE, farmer, Sec. 
32; P. 0. Cincinnati; was born in 
Philadelphia Co., Penn., in 1811; his 
father, Stephen R., a butcher, was a 
resident of the suburb of Philadelphia, 
then called Kensington ; died in 1827 ; 
his mother, Hannah (maiden name 
Dedicar) was also born in that county; 
died in 1866, over 70 years of age; 
since her husband's death, had lived 
with her daughter. After his father's 
death, George lived with his grand- 
parents until 1 8 years of age ; with his 
mother, until 21, when he married Miss 
Sophia Mann ; she was born in Phila- 
delphiu in 1811 ; her father, J. Mann, was 
a boot and shoe dealer, was a prominent 
business man of that city ; came to this 
country from Germany when young. 
Mrs. Rigler died at Fort Madison, 
Iowa, in 1852, leaving seven children — 
Christa A., Mary, Elizabeth, Annie M., 



PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. 



601 



John L., Hannah C, George W. In 
1837, he went to Parkersburg, Va., 
where he worked at plastering ; in 1846, 
he again went to Ohio, Washington Co., 
Warren Tp., and farmed, occasionally 
doing a little at his trade ; in 1849, 
came to Fort Madison, Iowa, and 
worked one year at his trade ; two years 
on a farm in Lee Co. ; then came to this 
county, where he owns eighty acres of 
cultivated lands, valued at $40 per acre. 
In 1855, married Mrs. Sophia Stanton, 
widow of Joseph Stanton, who died in 
Washington Co., Ohio, in 1841 ; she, 
with her family, consisting of three 
sons and a daughter, came to this county 
in 1850. They have one child — Elza 
M., born in May, 1856. Independent. 

Ross, M., ftir., S. 7 ; P. 0. Hibbsville. 

Robertson, E. A., farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

Robertson; N. A., farmer, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

ROBERTH^OX, MOSES C, far , 
Sec. 5; P. 0. Cincinnati; born in 
Tennessee in 1811 ; located in this 
county in 1852; owns 350 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. He is a 
member of the Congregational Church ; 
Republican. Married his present wife, 
Sarah Sheppard, in 1871 ; had eight 
children by his former wives — John P., 
Mary A., Lewis W., Edward, Nathan, 
Joseph, Moses, Charles S. He has his 
large farm well cultivated, and every- 
thing about it in good order. 

Root, Albert, far.; P. O. Cincinnati. 

Rubey, W. S., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

O^AYERS, 0. H., merchant, Cincinnati. 

SAYRES, W., dealer in shelf-hard- 
ware and drugs. Liberty street, residence, 
Pleasant street, Cincinnati ; born in 
Harrison Co., Ohio, in 1818; remained 
with his father, Ephraim S., a farmer, 
at home, until 17 ; had about nine 
months' schooling ; then went to Cadiz ; 
learned the trade of tailor; was appren- 
tice for three years ; journeyman for 
three years ; then opened a shop at 
Freeport, same county ; continued for 
three or four years. December, 1841, 
he married Miss Mary H. Winder ; she 
was born in Harrison Co., Ohio, in 
1822; soon after his marriage, he com- 



menced the study of medicine with Drs. 
Price & Belknap, of Freeport ; remained 
with them two years ; practiced at 
Westchester, Tuscarawas Co., for one 
year; at Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio, 
(the oldest town in the State), for one year, 
then came to Appanoose Co., Chariton 
Tp., Iowa (then Drakeville, Davis Co.), 
for three years ; in August, 1857, he 
returned to this county, Cincinnati; he 
followed his profession until 1861 ; 
then, being afflicted with rheumatism, 
left his practice; in July, 1861, took 
charge of the post office at Cincinnati, 
which he has since held ; soon after 
starting a confectionery and then a 
grocery store, since which he has worked 
up his present business, consisting of 
one store, well stocked with groceries, 
another with drugs and medicines ; 
they have four children living — J. D., 
born in Ohio in 1843 ; 0. H., born in 
Ohio in 1845 ; A. M., born in this 
county in 1854, and Mary C, born in 
this county in 1858. Republican ; 
helped to organize the first Republican 
Convention in the State, at Iowa City, 
winter of 1854 and 1855, and has held 
to that line since ; members of Con- 
gregational Church ; he has been Chair- 
man of the Trustees for five years ; 
has held the office of Township Clerk for 
two years ; Township Trustee two years ; 
City Mayor for two years. Mr. Sayres' 
father came to Appanoose in 1844; was 
County Commissioner for three years ; 
settled on the divide, west of Soap 
Creek ; returned to Fulton Co., 111., 
where he died in 1852. 

Shirey, J., far.. Sec, 25 ; P.O. Centerville. 

Smith, L., far.. Sec. 36 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Smith, F. M. M., far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Stickler, J., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. O. Cincinnati. 

Stickler, W. B., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Stark, J. F., retired, Cincinnati. 

Stiles, H. B., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. Numa. 

STREEPEY, G-.W., far. and stock- 
grower, Sec. 31 ; P. O. Cincinnati ; born 
in Davis Co., Ind., February, 1833 ; his 
father, Edward S., farmer, moved to 
Knox Co., Ind., in 1846; fall of 1854, 
came to this county ; settled near Union- 
ville where he now resides. At the age of 
17, G. W. arrived in Appanoose with 
15 cents in his pocket ; first engaged 



602 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



with Byron Wilson selling goods at 
Stringtown and remained with hiin until 
October, 1851 ; then engaged with 
Thomas Cooley, farmer, splitting rails, 
etc., until October, 1852, returned to 
Indiana for two months ; returned to 
this county, worked for Mr. Robinson 
for ten months, and entered twenty acres 
of land on the section he now owns, 
which he broke and improved. In 1856, 
married Miss Lucy Elizabeth Dean, 
daughter of L. and M. A. Dean, resi- 
dents and pioneers of Udell Tp., this 
county ; she was born in Howard Co., 
Mo., in ISS"!; died in 1861, leaving two 
children — Alice J., born May 13, 1857 ; 
Deetta A., born January, 1859. In 
1862, enlisted in 36th I. V. I., Co. I, 
Capt. Gedney ; was in buttle of Helena; 
assigned to the Commissary Department 
at Little Rock, receiving stores until mus- 
tered out at Davenport, Iowa, in 1865. 
In April, 1866, married Miss Mary Re- 
plogle, born in Pennsylvania in 1832 ; 
her parents, Abram and Rebecca R., old 
settlers of Udell Tp., now reside there; 
she died July 4, 1873, leaving one child 
—Mary L., born Nov. 21, 1867 ; dur- 
ing 1871, he removed to a farm south 
of Unionville ; Sept. 6, 1871, went 
to Iconium and engaged in the mer- 
cantile business with J. H. McCauly; 
continued in it until September, 1874 ; 
returned to his old farm in Pleasant Tp. 
Owns 640 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre, and over 200 head of stock. 
In 1876, he married Miss Margaret J. 
Cafferty ; she was born in Illinois, in 
1841 ; her father James C, an early 
settler of Douglas Tp, ; removed to 
Nebraska in 1877 ; they have one child 
— Charles E., born June 8, 1877. Has 
held the ofl&ce of Supervisor and School 
offices. Member M. E. Church , Re- 
publican, 

Streepey, A. M., Sec. 6; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Stanton, S. A., Sec. 10; P. 0. Cincinnati. 

Streepy, Geo., far., S. 3; P. 0. Cincin- 
nati. 

Sturdevant, J. M., fiir.. Sec. 5 ; P 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

STURDIVANT, J. F., physician 
and surgeon, northwest corner of the 
square, Cincinnati; residence, Liberty 
street; born in Van Buren Co., Iowa, 
in 1838; his father, R. G. S., was a 



pioneer of that county ; was born in the 
State of Tennessee in 1804 ; first set- 
tled in Indiana; during 1836, came to 
Van Buren Co. and settled in what is 
now Harrisburg Tp., on a ranch ; en- 
tered 700 to 900 acres ; now owns from 
1,500 to 2.000 acres; his mother, An- 
nie (maiden name Smithson), died in 
1844 ; born in Tennessee in 1812 ; 
her parents emigrated from France ; 
first settled in Maryland ; her father, 
an iron manufacturer, was interested 
with King's Iron Works, the first 
opened in Tennessee. Dr. Sturdivant 
received his professional education in 
Iowa ; studied in Galesburg, and at 
Denmark under H. K. Edson ; com- 
menced with Dr. 0. George, at Bona- 
parte ; graduated at Keokuk in 1861; 
commenced practice in 1858, at Bona- 
parte, Van Buren Co.; practiced one 
year with Dr. Thrall, of the Eye and 
Ear Infirmary, who was a surgeon in the 
Crimean war ; he went to St. Louis and 
took a ward in McDowell's Hospital for 
six months ; spent two years at Keokuk, 
and then came to this county, where 
he has since followed his profession, his 
practice taking in an average of from 
five to eight miles in every direction, 
with a very large consultation practice. 
He married Miss Elizabeth Wood in 
1860; she was born in Hamilton Co., 
Ohio, in 1841 ; her parents were early 
settlers in Van Buren C*)., coming 
in 1844 ; they have eight children — 
Laura M., Lawrence J., J. M., Annie 
Iowa, M. Gertrude, G. W., B. W. and 
Carlton B. I. Greenbacker ; he is a 
Universalist ; she is a member of the 
Christian Association. He is a member 
Jackson Lodge, A., F. & A. M., No. 42, 
Centerville ; Dr. Sturdivant built the 
first brick block in Cincinnati, shipped 
the first goods from St. Louis to that 
place and opened the first drug business 
there ; at present, owns the brick block 
and drug store. Lots 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, 
Block 2, containing two residences and 
three business houses; a residence and 
storehouse in Numa, with 953 acres of 
land in Franklin ; 490 acres in Pleasant 
Tp., and 160 acres in Sioux Co. 

TRENT, J. M., far., Sec. 12; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 
Teter, E., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Numa. 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



60S 



Teter, J. K., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Numa. 

WYCKOFF, G. W., far., Sec. 5; 
P. 0. Cincinnati. 
Wolfinger, J., far., Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 



Woodburn, W. L., far., Sec. 10 ; P. 0. 
Cincinnati. 

Wood, Abraham, far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Cin- 
cinnati. 

Whitsel, G., far., Sec. 28; P. 0. Numa. 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



ANDERSON, B. H., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 
0. Moravia. 

Anderson, J. B., far.. Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Mo- 
ravia. 

Andrews, H. M., far., Sec. 30 ; P. 0. Mo- 
ravia. 

Andrews, J. 0., far., Sec. 16; P. 0. Mo- 
ravia. 

ANDREWS, S. M., farmer, Sec. 
21 ; P. 0. Moravia ; one of the old set- 
tlers and enterprising farmers of Appa- 
noose Co., born in Bedford Co., Tenn., 
in 1808 ; at the age of 20, went to Cor- 
nersville, Giles Co. (so called from its 
being at the corners of three counties), 
where he helped to erect the first busi- 
ness house in what became quite an 
enterprising town, but was demoralized 
by the war. In that building, he served 
a one year's apprenticeship at the sad- 
dlery trade, worked as journeyman for 
two or three years, and then opened a 
shop in Cornersville and followed the 
trade for seventeen years. In 1834, 
married Miss Nancy L. Woods, daughter 
of Oliver Woods ; he was born at 
Boone's Station, Ky., Oct. 15, 1784 ; 
his father, Samuel Woods, was one of 
the very early settlers of Kentucky; one 
of his sons was killed by the Indians ; 
he afterward removed to Giles Co., 
Tenn., where Oliver, Nov. 4, 1807, mar- 
ried Nancy Haines; she was born in 
North Carolina March 5, 1784. daugh- 
ter of John Haines, who afterward re- 
moved near Cornersville, Giles Co. Sev- 
eral brothers of the Haines family were 
in the Revolutionary war, were in the 
battle with Corn wal lis at Cowensford ; 
one was killed, another taken prisoner ; 
John H., an expert rider, was active in 
pursuit of tlie British, made many nar- 
row escapes. The parents of Mrs. An- 
drews moved to Alabama ; in 1835, to 
southwest Missouri, where her mother 



died in 1859, aged 75 years; her father 
died in this county in 1863, aged 78 
years, leaving five children, Mrs. A. the 
eldest daughter, was born in Giles Co., 
Tenn., in 1824; remained in Corners- 
ville until 1851, came to this county 
and settled on present farm ; has im- 
proved 700 acres and divided among his 
children, except 240, which he retains. 
On arrival in Appanoose, Mr. A. in- 
vested all his money in land, erected a 
log cabin with no window or door casing, 
from which the wind soon blew the roof; 
engaged at splitting rails for a neighbor, 
at which he labored until his hands were 
so worn that he left blood on his maul 
handle, and caused the report that he 
had killed a man. They had four chil- 
dren — James 0., born at Cornersville 
in 1835 ; George M., born at Cor- 
nersville in 1844 ; Harvy M., born at 
Cornersville in 1 849 ; Isora, born in 
this county in 1854. Mr. A. has held 
various township offices, and been a 
member of the Board of Supervisors ; 
has also taken an active part in the 
cause of temperance. Their son, Cephus 
P., enlisted in Co. F, 18th Iowa V. I., 
was captured at Camden, Ark., and 
taken to Tyler, Tex., removed to Camp 
Felden, where he died Oct. 15, 1864; 
buried at Camp Felden as unknown. 
Democrat; Mrs. A. has been a member 
of the C. P. Church since 17 years of 
age. 
Arnold, M., far., S. 24 ; P. O. Moravia. 

BARNET, M. E., far.. Sec. 12 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 
Beatty, J., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
BIDDL.E, WILLIAM M., far., 
Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Moravia ; among the en- 
terprising, industrious farmers of north- 
ern Appanoose ; born in Washington 
Co., Penn., in 1827, where his grand- 
father, Timothy Biddle, born near New- 



604 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



ark, N. J., had settled at a very early 
day ; his father, J. T. Biddle, was born 
in the same county in 1802 ; his grand- 
father lived to be 80, and his great- 
gi-andmother 98 years of age ; his 
mother, Jane Kerney, of Irish descent, 
was born in Ohio in 1804 ; they were 
married in Washington Co., Penn., about 
the year 1820 ; removed to Greene 
Co., Penn., where his father died Octo- 
ber 19, of the present year, leaving seven 
children — two daughters, residents of 
this State ; one son in California ; a 
younger son, graduate of a theological 
school, preached at Uniontown, Penn., 
for five years ; removed to West Grove, 
Iowa, where he was killed in 1870; 
William M. remained at home, assisting 
ing in the labors of the farm, until 23 
years of age ; received a good education 
in the common schools and Greene Acad- 
emy ; came to Iowa ; one year after, 
returned to Greene Co. April 7, 1853, 
he married Miss Eunice V. Patterson, 
daughter of Maj. Robert Patterson ; born 
in Washington Co., Penn., in 1798, and 
living in the days of the Pennsylvania 
militia, he took his part in home military 
duty. Married Sophronia Minton, also a 
native of Washington Co., Penn.; parents 
very early settlers here ; she was born in 
1831 ; immediately after their marriage 
they removed to Iowa, coming di- 
rect to Appanoose Co., and settled 
where now resides, and owns 120 acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre. They 
have six children — x'Vlvaretta M., born 
in August, 1855 ; John M., in April, 
1859 ; Oliver M., in November, 1862; 
Cora E., in January, 1866 ; Isaac N., 
in July, 1869 ; Clara E., in September, 
1873. Republican ; members of the 
Cumberland Presbyterian Church, since 
16 years of age, of which he is Elder. 
Has been a member of the Board of 
Supervisors, and has held various Town- 
ship offices. Member I. 0. 0. F., No. 
196, Moravia. 

Blair, Henry, far.. Sec. 4 ; 

Blumerstuck, F., far., Sec. 
ravia. 

Bower, F. M, 
via. 

Brunson, L. M., far. Sec. 2 
ravia. 

Burns, A. 



P. 0. Moravia. 
4 ; P. 0. Mo- 



far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Mora- 



P. 0. Mo- 



far., S. 19; P. 0. Moravia. 



C ALLEN, P. L., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

CAL.IiEBf, M. M., farmer. Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Moravia ; born in Tennessee in 
1828 ; came to Van Buren Co , Iowa, 
in 1842 ; remained seven years; thence 
to Appanoose Co. in 1849 ; he improved 
his farm and has good buildings, or- 
chard, etc.; owns 100 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. He married 
Ida M. Andrews in Iowa; she was born 
in Tennessee; she died in 1872; he 
married Mrs. Emma E. Detwiler,in Iowa 
in 1877, who was born in Illinois in 
1839 ; she was the widow of J. W. Dit- 
wiler, who was a soldier in 3d I. V. I., 
and was wounded at Arkansas Post and 
died in the army from effect of his wounds 
Jan. 11, 1862 ; she has two sons — Doug- 
lass W. and Isaac W. He is a Presby- 
terian and Mrs. C. a Baptist; Repub- 
lican. Mr. C. makes a specialty of 
bi'eeding Italian queen-bees ; has im- 
ported bees, which he paid $40 each for, 
is the most scientific bee dealer in the 
country. 

Callen, W. P., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Cate, Eli, far., Sec. 27; P. 0. Moravia. 

CATE, SAMUEL., Jr., farmer, 
Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Moravia ; of Southern 
birth and parentage ; his grandfather, 
Samuel Cate, Sr., was born in North 
Carolina, about 1783 ; removed to Ten- 
nessee ; married Miss Barbara Wilhite, 
also born in North Carolina ; had eleven 
children ; William C, the father of 
Samuel, Jr., was born in Jefferson Co., 
Tenn., in 1804; married Susan Locke; 
born in North Carolina in 1805, daugh- 
ter of John Locke ; had fourteen chil- 
dren. Samuel was born in Jefiierson 
Co., Tenn., in 1830 ; his parents moved 
to Sevier Co., Tenn; in 1848, to Iowa — 
first to Van Buren Co. ; in the winter 
of 1849, to Appanoose, where his 
mother died in April, 1877; his father 
still lives with him. August 29, 1852, 
he married Miss Lucinda VVicker, 
daughter of James W., of this county, 
from North Carolina ; she was born in 
North Carolina in 1835; in 1854, they 
moved to Mercer Co., Mo., and pur- 
chased a farm, with the expectation of 
making that his home; in 1860, his 
wife died, leaving two children — James 
M., born in 1854, now a successful 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



605 



teacher in Nebraska ; and Harvey C, 
born in 1858. March 13, 1862, he 
married Susan J. Armstrong, who was 
born in Harrison Co., Ind., in 1840 ; 
daughter of Joseph A., who was born 
Jan. 24, 1797 ; married Jane Bently 
March 20, 1820 ; daughter of Abel B., 
a resident of Pittsburgh, Penn. ; they 
afterward became residents of Appa- 
noose Co., where she died Jan. 10, 
1858 ; her father studied for the minis- 
try, and for thirty-four years was Pastor 
of the Predestination Church ; died Nov. 
28, 1862; after marriage, Mr. Cate 
returned to his farm in Missouri ; re- 
mained until 1864, when he removed to 
his present place of residence, where he 
owns 260 acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre ; since has been engaged in 
farming and stock-raising, except one 
year spent in traveling in Nebraska and 
other States for the benefit of his wife's 
health. Mr. and Mrs. C. are members 
of the Predestination Church ; his first 
wife was a member of the United Breth- 
ren Church ; his mother a member of 
the Predestination Church for fifty years. 

CHAMBERS, WlIil^IAM L.., 

farmer, Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Moravia ; born 
in Vermilion Co., Ind., in 1833 ; in 
1850, with his father, John C.,who was 
born in Indiana in 1810, came to Appa- 
noose ; his mother, whose maiden name 
was Norris, died three years after com- 
ing to Iowa ; his father again married, 
and moved to Nodaway Co., Mo., where 
he died Feb. 25, 1863. William L. re- 
mained in Appanoose with his brother- 
in-law. May 30, 1857, married Miss 
Adeline C. Callen, daughter of Henry 
C, from Van Buren Co., Iowa, where 
they had settled from East Tennessee in 
1844; came to this county in 1846; 
were the third family who settled in 
Taylor Tp.; they remained here until 
their death, in 1853. Mr. Chambers 
engaged in farming by renting until 
1861, when he purchased the farm he 
now owns, consisting of ninety-seven 
acres, valued at 81,200. Mr. C takes 
an active part in educational matters and 
in the schools, having five children of 
his own to educate — John P., born in 
October, 1860 ; Henry E., in December, 
K 1863; Clara A., in May, 1866; Alex 
^ 'A., in April, 1868, and George R., in 



January, 1870. Has held the offices of 
Justice of the Peace, Constable and As- 
sessor. A brother of Mrs. Chambers, 
Albert H. Callen, just after re-enlistment 
in Co. D, 6th Iowa V. I., was killed in 
action at Eesaca May 15, 1864; was 
buried at the National Cemetery at Chat- 
tanooga. 

Coat, W., far., S. 22 ; P. O. Moravia. 

Coffin, B. F., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Coffin, J. A., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Union ville. 

Coulson, E., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Coulson, Wm.,far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Cox, M. P.. fu-., S. 3 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Crawford, H. S., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Cree, J. J., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Criddlebough, M., far.. Sec. 20; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

Crist, Lewis, far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Croft, Wm., far. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

CUMMINS, E., merchant, proprietor 
general store and drug store, Moravia ; 
born in Spencer Co., Ind., in 1832 ; 
came to Iowa in 1848, and with his 
parents located in Moravia in 1849 ; was 
one of the first settlers in Moravia ; 
about the first to commence the mercan- 
tile business ; he opened a general store 
in 1856, in which he continued with 
good success until he formed a company 
of men and went with them as Captain 
of Co. F, 8th I. V. C, in June of 1863, 
and while leading his company in the 
battle of Kenesaw Mountain, received a 
severe wound in the left leg, and, after 
recovering from his wound, returned to 
his regiment and took command of his 
company until the close of the war, par- 
ticipating in the principal battles under 
Gen. Sherman, and also with Gen. 
Thomas in his victory against rebel 
Gen. Hood, in Tennessee, and was mus- 
tered out of the service by reason of 
physical disability. After the close of 
the war he returned to Moravia and 
continued his former business ; he has a 
large double brick store in which he 
keeps a large stock of dry goods, boots 
and shoes, clothing, drugs and the post- 
office ; he has held the office of Post- 
master twelve years, and Notary Public 
twenty-four years ; he has 600 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre, with fine 
building, bearing orchard, etc. ; he was 
editor and publisher of the Weekly 
Messenger and the Videt four years. 



606 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Mr. C. has been a very energetic citizen ; 
has dealt very largely in live-stock in 
connection with his other business ; has 
acquired a large property by energy and 
good management, and not by cut-throat 
mortgages and robbing the poor, and he 
has the respect and confidence of all 
that know him. He married Miss R. 
E. Stanber, in Moravia, Iowa, in 1852 ; 
she was born in Iowa in 1834; they 
have five children — E. E., now Mrs. 
Hunnell ; R. E., W. R., Grant, Tracy 
and Mable. Mr. C. is a member of the 
A., F. & A. M. Lodge at Moravia; 
Republican. 

Cummins, M. J., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

CniMINS, R., DR., physician and 
surgeon, Moravia ; born in Spencer Co., 
Ind., in 1830 ; he came to Wapello Co., 
Iowa, in 1848 ; he studied medicine in 
in 1850-51, and practiced the greater 
portion of his time until 1864, in Moravia, 
and kept a general store several years at 
Iconium and Moravia ; he moved to 
California in 1864, and graduated in the 
California Medical Association at San- 
Francisco in 1867 ; followed his prac- 
tice and kept a drug store until May, 
1878, and returned to Moravia, where 
he now continues to practice. He mar- 
ried Catherine Tolbert in Iowa ; they 
had one child — J). E., who is now in 
Colorado ; his wife died at Moravia, 
November, 1856 ; he married for his 
second wife, Mary J. Higdon in Iowa ; 
they have two children — A. C. and 
John M. Owns store, house and lot in 
Colorado. 

DILL, JOHN, farmer, Sec. 30 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 
DUVALIi, JOHBT, farmer, Sec. 11 ; 
P. 0. Moravia ; born in Fayette Co., 
Penn., in 1817 ; he moved to Iowa in 
1857; has 318 acres of land, valued at 
S25 per acre, with good house and barn, 
bearing orchard, etc. He married Sarah 
Crawford in Pennsylvania, in 1843 ; she 
was born in Pennsylvania in 1824 ; they 
have three children — Henry C, Eliza- 
beth R. and Eli Homer. He has held 
the ofiice of Township Trustee and^ As- 
sessor, and School Directer. A member 
of A., F. & A. M. Lodge at Moravia, 
and a Republican. Mr. Devall has im- 
proved his farm and made his property 
by his hard labor; spent a share of his 



time at the carpentering and building 
business ; a breeder and dealer in fine 
Poland-China hogs. 

Dodd, F. 31., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

DODD, REED W., farmer, Sec. 1 1 ; 
P. 0. Moravia ; born in Montgomery 
Co., W. Va. ; he moved to Indiana ; 
remained nineteen years, and thence to 
this county in 1850 ; he has 203J acres 
of land, valued at $30 per acre. He 
married Irena Montgomery in Virginia 
in 1829 ; she was born in Virginia, in 
1812; they had ten children — Eli, 
Sarah, Lydia Jane, Clemintine, Martha, 
Leah and Frank, and three deceased. 
Members of the Baptist Church ; Repub- 
lican. 

Duvall, H. C, far., S. 16 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Duvall, H., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Duvall, J., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Duvall, W. J., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

ELY, PHIIilP, farmer and black- 
smith, Sec 22 ; P. 0. Moravia ; 
born in Jennings Co., Ind., in 1825 ; 
his father, Samuel, was born in Penn- 
sylvania in 1 800, and his mother, Cath- 
erine Whisman, was born in Virginia 
in 1802 ; the parents of both removed 
to Shelby Co., Ind., where they were 
married in 1821 ; had nine children, all 
of whom, in 1852, came to Appanoose 
Co., where the old people remained until 
the death of the mother in 1871; the 
father three years later. Soon after be- 
coming of age, PhiHp married Miss 
Elizabeth Waford, daughter of Adam 
W., a resident of Decatur Co., Ind. ; 
from Kentucky ; she was born in Ken- 
tucky in 1823; removed to Indiana in 
1 827 ; Mr. Ely purchased a small farm 
in Decatur Co., Ind. ; in 1848, came to 
this county, first settling in Independ- 
ence Tp., where, in 1864, an accident 
happened him causing the loss of all his 
property and forced him to learn the 
blacksmith's trade, which he has since 
followed during the winters and when 
his services were not required on the 
farm ; in 1865, he removed to this town- 
ship, where, by industry and economy, 
he has acquired a well improved farm of 
205 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. Have six children — Sarah, Adam 
M., Angeline, Emeline, Thomas J. and 
Francis M. Members of the Mission 
Baptist Church, as is their daughter 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



607 



Angeline. Mr. Ely held the office of 
Constable seven years ; also those of 
Township Trustee, Supervisor, and vari- 
ous school offices. In the time of the 
early settlement of Appanoose Co., Mr. 
Ely says he has traveled four days to 
secure meat enough to satisfy the family 
for supper ; has spent seven days in 
going to mill for six bushels of meal. 

FOSTER, E. v., far., S. 19 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 
Foster, J., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Frazier, I.,far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Frazier, Wm., far., S. 26; P. 0. Moravia. 
/^ LADFELTER, GEORGE, far., S. 
VJT 21 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Gladfelter, J. C, far., S. 19 ; P. 0. Mo- 
ravia. 
Gollaher, G., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Gollaher, T. J., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Goodrich, I., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Grabille, A. F., blacksmith, Moravia. 

HADSON, HENRY, far., S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

Haman, J. D., preacher, Moravia. 

Hanson, Peter, miller, Moravia. 

Harden, S., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Ham, J. T., shoemaker, Moravia. 

Harris, M. B., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Harris, M. E., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

HARVEY, S. X., BR., physician 
and surgeon, Moravia ; born in West- 
moreland Co., Penn. ; he graduated in 
the classical course at Turtle Creek 
Valley Academy, and came to Iowa in 
1851 ; practiced medicine at Moravia in 
1874, and graduated at the Bellevue 
Hospital Medical College at New York 
City in 1875 ; he then resumed his 
practice in Moravia, where he is having 
a good practice. He is a member of 
the A., F. & A. M. Lodge. 

Hays, A. A., far., S. 16; P. 0. Moravia. 

Hayne, H., physician, Mnravia. 

Hiatt, L. D., far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

HIATT. li., Jr., farmer, Sec. 22 ; 
P. 0. Moravia; son of W. S. and Ma- 
hala H., who were born and married in 
Guilford Co., N. C. ; in 1845, came to 
Henry Co., Iowa, remaining two years, 
and thence to this county, where they 
still reside ; have six children, four sons 
and two daughters, all settled in their 
immediate vicinity ; Lewis was born in 
Guilford Co., N. C, in 1837 ; at the age 
of 8, came to Iowa ; at 17, enlisted in 



the 36th I. V. I., Co. C ; was at Helena, 
Little Rock, Prairie de Ann and Mark's 
Mills ; was detailed as teamster, at 
which he served eleven months, and was 
made wagon-master ; was mustered out 
at Duvall's Bluff on the 24th of Au- 
gust, 1865. Jan. 17, 1867, he married 
Miss Nancy E. Tucker, daughter of 
Wiley T., of this county, from North 
Carolina; she was born in Forsythe 
Co., N. C, in 1846; soon after their 
marriage they settled where he now 
owns ninety acres of land, valued at 
$20 per acre ; have three children — 
Isabella J., born in 1867; Effie C, 
born in September, 1870 ; Harry S., born 
in May, 1872. Formerly a Republican, 
but now a Greenbacker ; members of 
Missionary Baptist Church. Has been 
Township Trustee. 

Hicks, J., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Hiett, J. M., far. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Hiett, Lewis, Sr., far., Sec. 26 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

Hiett, Lewis, Jr., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

Hiett, 0. A., Sr., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Mo- 
ravia. 

Hiett, 0. A., Jr., far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

Hiett, W. A., far., Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Mo- 
ravia. 

Hiett, W. S., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Hiner, Abel, far., 8. 6 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Hoffman, S., far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

HORNER, ELIZABETH, 
farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Moravia ; daugh- 
ter of Wm. and Mary Brandon (nee 
Gribble), natives of York Co., Penn.; 
her parents removed to Preston Co., 
Va., where her father died in Septem- 
ber, 1800, at the age of 70 ; her mother 
died in 1870, at the age of 80 ; Mrs. 
Horner was born in Preston Co., Va., 
in 1819; married Sept. 12, 1844, 
on the farm on which she was 
born ; her husband, Samuel Horner, 
was born in County Armagh, Ireland, 
in 1815; was an Orangeman; son of 
William and Jane Horner, and with his 
parents emigrated to America when 24 
years of age ; first settled near Syracuse, 
N. Y.; thence to Pittsburgh ; thence to 
Savage, West Maryland; thence to 
Preston Co., Va.; thence to Cook Co., 
111., where his father died in 1854, his 



608 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



mother remaining with her children 
until her death in 1870. After mar- 
riage, Samuel Horner first settled in 
Pittsburgh, Penn.; was engaged in the 
iron works there ; moved to Walworth 
Co., Wis.; engaged in farming for four 
years; thence to Marshall Co., 111.; 
in 1855, came to this county ; first set- 
tled in Union Tp.; in 18G1, moved to 
her present residence, where she owns 
240 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre. Mr. Horner died Sept. 25, 1873, 
leaving many friends ; had lived a Chris- 
tian life ; had for many years been a 
member of the New-School Presbyterian 
Church, of which he was an Elder. 
Had eight children — Eugene Brandon, 
born in 1845 ; Mary J., 1847 ; James 
Brainard, 1849, a physician in Davis 
City, Decatur Co., Iowa ; graduate of 
the Chicago Eclectic College ; Samuel 
A., born in December, 1852 ; died June 
7, 1873 ; Annie M., born in 1854 ; 
William F., 1857; Thomas E., 1860; 
Addie L., 1864 ; all are educated and 
several have been engaged in teaching. 
Mrs. H. has been a member of the C. P. 
Church since the age of 16 ; her chil- 
dren are all members except the youn- 
gest two. 
HUTTOX, J. S., farmer. Sec. 18 ; 
P. 0. Moravia; of the old New En- 
gland stock of Huttons ; his grandfiither, 
Simeon H., born near Hartford Conn., 
about 1756, was a hatter, at Little York, 
Penn ; married Mary Underwood, 
daughter of Elihu Underwood ; had 
thirteen children — Joseph, born in York 
Co., Penn., in 1791 ; married Charity 
Sylvester, daughter of Solomon S., of 
Chester Co., Penn. ; she was born in 
Chester Co. in 1790 ; her father was a 
wagon-maker at Rossville, York Co., 
where he died in 1854, his wife eleven 
years after ; they left seveo children ; 
J. S. was born in that county in 1820 ; 
educated in the common schools. At 23 
he enlisted in the U. S. Army, at Buf- 
falo ; was sent to Carlisle Barracks ; 
assigned to Co. B, Regular U. S. Ar- 
tillery ; sent to Washington ; partici- 
pated at the battle of Buena Vista ; 
discharged for disability ; returned home 
in 1847. In 1850, married Miss Sarah 
E. Miller, daughter of Hiram Miller, 
who was born in Vermont ; removed 



to Syracuse, N. Y. ; thence to Knox Co., 
111. ; thence to Davis Co., Iowa ; thence 
to Oregon^ where her mother died in 
1869 ; returned to Appanoose ; remained 
until his death, Feb. 31, 1871 ; she 
was born at Syracuse, N. Y., in 1829; 
they were married in Knox Co., 111. ; 
in 1858, they came to this county and 
settled where he now resides ; owns 
236 acres of land, valued at $15 per 
acre; have five children — Aveza B., 
born in Illinois in 1851 ; Solomon, born 
in Illinois in 1856 ; Lydia M., born in 
this county in 1858 ; John J., born in 
this county in 1864, and William P., 
born in this county in 1869. Democrat ; 
members of the Christian Church ; he 
is a member of A., F. & A. M., No. 252, 
Moravia. 

JOHNSON, BROWN, mail-carrier, 
Moravia. 
Johnson, W. J., clerk, Moravia. 
Jones, F., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. Moravia. 
Jones, John, far., S. 30; P. 0. Moravia. 
Jourdon, Israel, far., S. 9 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Judson, Smith, far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

KERSEY, HEl^RY, farmer. 
Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Moravia ; born in 
Gruilford Co., N. C.,in 1812; his ances- 
tors were among the early settlers of 
Pennsylvania ; his grandfather, Amos 
K., born in that State in 1759, was a 
teacher ; married Dinah Beason ; had 
three children, the second of whom was 
Isaac C, the father of Henry, who was 
born in 1788 ; when 16 years of age, 
removed with his father to North 
Carolina ; married Sarah Lamb, daugh- 
ter of Thomas Lamb, of Randolph Co., 
N. C, where she was born in 1792 ; 
they had eight children; Henry, the 
oldest, received a liberal education for 
those days. At the age of 27, married 
Miss Elizabeth H. Hiatt, daughter of 
Joseph Hiatt, a farmer of Guilford Co., 
N. C., but afterward of Davidson Co., 
N. C, where she was born in 1816; 
they remained in Guilford Co. until 
1851, when they came to Iowa — first to 
Henry Co. ; in spring of 1852, to Appa- 
noose, and settled at present residence, 
where he owns ninety-one acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. They have four 
children — Martha J., born in 1839 
(widow of Jonathan Denny, a farmer 
of this county, who died in January, 



TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 



609 



1869); Isaac J., born in 1843, married 
Miss Nancy J. Blakesly, daughter of 
Joel B., a resident of Nebraska ; Annie 
M., born in 1853 (wife of T. J. Gillas, of 
this county) ; Melinda E., born in 1857 
(wife of G. L. Frazee, son of T. N. 
Frazee, of Illinois). Republican ; has 
held various township offices. 

LINK, ELIJAH, farmer, Sec. 8 ; P. 
0. Moravia. 

LACROIX, J AS. M., farmer and 
stockdealer, Sec. 16; P. 0. Moravia; 
born in Schuyler Co., 111., in 1845; in 
1846, parents removed to Nauvoo, 
111. ; received a good common-school edu- 
cation. Married Miss Maria Hobbs, 
daughter of John Hobbs, of Nauvoo ; 
she was born in Knox Co., Ohio, in 
1846 ; they removed to this county, 
where he owns 240 acres, valued at ^30 
per acre ; has engaged extensively in 
farming, buying and shipping cattle and 
horses. They have seven children — 
Milo E., Milton A., John H., George 
L., Charles H., Wilbert and Harry. 
Democrat. Has held the office of Town- 
ship Trustee and school offices. 

LUCE, AARON, farmer. Sec. 17 ; 
P. 0. Moravia ; born in Trumbull Co., 
Ohio, in 1819; he emigrated in his early 
days to Missouri, thence to Illinois, 
thence to Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 1840, 
and to Appanoose in 1849, and settled 
on the farm where he now resides ; has 
430 acres, valued at $30 per acre, with 
good building, bearing orchard, and all 
good improvements, which he has made 
by his energy ; he has held several town- 
ship offices. Justice of the Peace, and 
President of the School Board. He 
married Martha Smith in Iowa Jan. 24, 
1841 ; she was born in Cuyahoga Co., 
Ohio, in 1821 ; they have seven chil- 
dren — Rosetta, Sarah Jane, Martha, 
Lovreet, William J., Jackson and Mary ; 
Douglas died 1 year of age. Members 
of the M. E. Church; Republican. 

Luce, Jackson, far.. Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Mo- 
ravia. 

Luce, W. J., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

McANTIN, ALFRED, farmer. Sec. 
28 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
McCoy, J. \V., far., S. 7; P. 0. Moravia. 
MAIN, liEWIS, Sr., farmer. Sec. 
7 ; P. 0. Moravia ; born near Wheeling, 
Va., in 1800 ; son of Daniel M., a na- 



tive of Germany, who, when Lewis was 
2 J years of age, removed to Monroe Co., 
Ohio, Jackson Tp. ; were among the 
earliest settlers, lived in forts as a pro- 
tection against the Indians. In 1820, 
Lewis married Miss Elizabeth Funk- 
houser, born in Pennsylvania in 1802; 
in 1826, moved to Highland Co., Ohio, 
remained two and a half years ; thenco 
to Ripley Co., Ind., remained twenty 
years; in 1855, came to this county, 
settled in Taylor Tp., where he now 
owns 1 1 7 acres of land, valued at $30 
per acre. In 1867, his wife died, leav- 
ing ten children — John, Mary, Nancy, 
William, Lewis, Susannah, Jacob, Jose- 
phine, Sarah, and Charles. John and 
Jacob are Republicans ; Mrs. Main was 
a member of the U. B. Church, as are 
most of the children. 

MAIX, W. F., farmer and stock- 
grower. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. Moravia ; born in 
Monroe Co., Ohio, in 1827; son of 
Lewis Main, a native of Virginia ; 
moved to Ohio, thence to Ripley Co., 
Ind. ; in 1853, W. F. came to this 
county and engaged at the carpenter's 
trade. In October, 1854, married Miss 
Susan A. Carsal ; she was born in Ohio 
in 1839 ; soon after their marriage, he 
engaged in farming, which he has since 
followed, except two years in Hartsville, 
Ind., working at his trade. He now 
owns 467 acres of land in Appanoose, 
valued at $30 per acre. They have 
four children — Mary J., Ida E., Laura 
E., Albert J. Republican in politics ; 
Mrs. M. is a member of the United 
Brethren Church ; their two eldest 
daughters of the Christian Church. 
Mr. Main has been a member of the 
School Board. 

Main, W. F., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Miller, Alvin, far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Miller, E. A., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

MIIiLER, OEORCi^E A., school- 
teacher. Sec. 12; P. 0. Moravia; born 
in Fayette Co., Pcnn., in 1837; he fol- 
lowed school-teaching until he enlisted 
in August, 1862, in Co. B, 73d 111. V. I. ; 
was in the army of the Cumberland ; 
was wounded at the battle of Atlanta, 
Ga.,in 1864; he was in eighteen heavy 
battles ; returned to his regiment after 
his recovery from his wound, and served 
until the close of the war ; he moved to 



610 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



Tazewell Co., 111., before the war, and to 
Warren Co., Iowa, in 1868, and to 
Appanoose Co. in 1876 ; he has fol- 
lowed school-teaching the principal part 
of his life, in which he has made the 
business a success, and given satisfaction 
to others. He married Mary E. Bower 
in Pennsylvania in 1860 ; she was born 
in Pennsylvania in 1838 ; they have 
two children — Anna Bell and Idesta 
Althea. 
Morrison, S., far,, S. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

OEHLER, A. M., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 
Oehler, P. C, far.. Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

PABST, JACOB, fiir., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

Patrick, J., far.. Sec. 10; P. 0. Moravia. 

Patrick, Jno., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

PEATMAN, ItlliLIAM, wagon- 
maker and blacksmith, firm of Peatman 
Bros., Moravia ; born in Peoria Co., 111., 
in 1853; came to Iowa in 1855; he 
first followed farming and school-teach- 
ing seven years, and entered into his 
present business in 1876. R. I. Peat- 
man, born in 1851, in Illinois. Repub- 
lican. Married Harriet Link ; she was 
born in Indiana ; they have two children 
— May and Clarence Owns house and 
lot, shop and stock, and doing a thriving 
business in the way of manufacturing 
and repairing wagons, and blacksmithing. 
Republican. 

Pence, C. D., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Pence, D., far.. Sec. 10 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Pence, G. M., fiir.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Pence, P. D., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Plainer, R., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

"OEICH, E., far., Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Reich, F. A., far., Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Runnels, A. C., far., Sec. 14; P. O.Moravia. 

SCHRIM, HENRY, far., Sec. 18 ; P. 
0. Moravia. 

Scott, Jno., far.. Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Scott, S. W., far., Sec. 20 ; P. 0. Moulton. 

Sears, P. W., far., S. 4 ; P. O. Moravia. 

Sharp, E. M., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

SHARP, F. M., farmer. Sec. 15 ; P. 
O. Moravia ; born in Washington Co., 
Penn., in 1839 ; came to Appanoose 
Co , in 1855. In June 1861, enlisted 
in the 6th Iowa V. I., in which he served 
for four years. March 31, 1864, being 
home on furlough, he married Maggie 



R. Batty, who was born in Marshall Co., 
111., in 1838. Are members of the C. 
P. Church. He is a members of A., F. 
& A. M., No. 252. Has held various 
township ofiices. 

Sharp, J. W., far., S. 14; P. 0. Moravia. 

Sharp, Wm., far., S. 14 . P. 0. Moravia. 

SHARP, WIL.SOX, grocery and 
queensware merchant, Moravia ; born in 
Pennsylvania in 1853 ; came to Iowa in 
1855. He married Cora C. Wright in 
Iowa in 1876 ; she was born in Iowa in 
1855 ; they have one child — a baby not 
named. Held the office of Township 
Clerk. Mr. Sharp has a well-assorted 
stock of goods, and doing a good busi- 
ness ; has his share of the patronage of 
the town and county trade. 

Showers, L., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Shutterly, W. H., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Mora- 
via. 

Skinner, J. C, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Staufer, J., far., S. 10 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Stauber, C. E., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Stauber, J. A., harness-maker, Moravia. 

Stephens, G. L., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Stephens, J. L., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Strupy, Ed., far., S. 13; P. 0. Moravia. 

Sumner, Jas., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Sutlef, Wm., far., S. 16; P. 0. Moravia. 

TADLOCK, JAS., farmer, Sec, 12 ; P. 
0. Moravia. 
Taylor, G. W., far., S. 27; P. 0. Moravia. 
Thackery, E., far.. Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Thrift, J. D., far., S. 24; P. 0. Moravia. 
Tism, Wm., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Maravia. 
Tucker, A. E., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Tucker, E. F., far., S. 28 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Turner, W. D., far., S. 2 ; P. O. Moravia. 

WALLACE, F. P., farmer. Sec. 17 ; 
P. 0. Moravia. 
WALLACE, EZEKIEL, farm 
er, Sec. 16; P. 0. Moravia; Irish de- 
scent ; son of Robert Wallace, who was 
born in Rosegards, North of Ireland, in 
1797 ; his fother, Ezekiel W., was a 
resident of Ireland at the time of the 
rebellion of the Catholics, at whose 
hands he received severe punishment for 
his Protestant proclivities, being im- 
prisoned for a long time, then released, 
supposing he would flee the country, 
but he continued in the vicinity hiding 
in swamps till he was caught, when 
he was whipped and beaten nearly to 
death ; after which, with his wife and 



LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 



611 



three children, emigrated to America, to 
Washington Co., Penn., thence to Col- 
umbiana Co., Ohio, where he died soon 
after from the injuries received in Ire- 
land ; his wife died about 1SG3, over 80 
years of age. Robert, in February, 1822, 
married Miss Maria Hasson, daughter 
of Jonathan H., a distiller of whisky of 
Columbiana Co., Ohio ; she was born 
in Cumberland Co., Penn., in 1801 ; 
they remained in Columbiana County 
until his death in 1828 ; she died in 
18G0, leaving two children — Ezekiel and 
a younger brother, a lawyer in New Lis- 
bon, Ohio. Ezekiel was born in Colum- 
biana Co., Ohio, May 17, 1823. In De- 
cember, 1845, he married Miss Nancy 
R. Wiley, daughter of Joseph W. ; she 
was born in Harrison Co., Ohio, Oct. 3, 
1825 ; they remained on the farm until 
the fall of 1854, when he came to this 
county and purchased the farm on which 



he now resides, of 320 acres, valued at 
$8,000 ; Nov. 16, 1873, his wife died, 
leaving five children — Maria H., born 
Jan. 3, 1847, was killed July 18, 1874; 
Nancy A., born July 19, 1848, the wife 
of Dr. Alverson, a physician of Eldon, 
Wapello Co. ; Geo. C, born Feb. 16, 
1851, a physician of Grace Hill, Wash- 
ington Co. ; Franklin P., born Sept. 18, 
1854 ; and Arthur E., born Nov. 2, 
1865 Democrat. Has held nearly all 
the township offices. Wife was a mem- 
ber of long standing of the U. B. 
Church. 

Walters, P. W., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Williams, J. H., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Williams, L. J., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Winsler, M., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Wood, Jno., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

Wright, J. M., far., S. 30 ; P. 0. Moravia* 

YOUNG, L., farmer. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Moravia. 



LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 



A DAMSON, H. W., far., Sec. 11; 
P. 0. Numa. 
Anderson, D. N., far., Sec. 19 ; P. 0. 

Seymour. 
Anderson, W. R., far., Sec. 19; P. 0. 

Seymour. 
Arrison, Wm., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

BECKNEL, WM., S.r, farmer, Sec. 
10 ; P. 0. Jerome 

Benell, A. J., far.. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Bollman, W. N., far, S. 9 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Bradley, J. R., far., Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Sey- 
mour. 

Brown, L. S., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Buck, J., far.. Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

BUTL.ER, P. T., farmer and stock- 
raiser, Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Seymour ; born in 
Jennings Co., Ind., in 1840 ; his father, 
John T., was born in Kentucky; re- 
moved to Indiana, where he was one of 
the early settlers. Married Miss Julia 
A. Brooks, whose parents were from 
Virginia ; when P. T. was 14 years of 
age, they came to this county, first set- 
tling in Independence Tp.; engaged in 
farming ; thence to Monroe Co.; thence 
to Marion Co.; returned to this county ; 
he died here June 21, 1872; P. T., at 



the age of 16, commenced working out 
by the month. In August, 1862, he 
married Miss Lucinda J. Martin ; she 
was born in Putnam Co., lud., Jan. 14, 
1847 ; they have seven children — Will- 
iam N., Elmer E., Julia B., L., Charles 
H., Jessie, Viola. Democratic. Has 
held office of Township Trustee ; 
was School Treasurer for seven years. 
Owns 420 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. His grandfather was a Revo- 
lutionary soldier. 
/^UMMINS, E., merchant, Moravia. 

CRIST, JOHN G., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. 
Numa; born in Delaware Co., Penn., 
Oct. 28, 1819 ; located here in 1870 ; 
120 acres of land, valued at $25 per 
acre. He is a member of the Baptist 
Church and a Republican. His wife, 
Mary Ann Coffman, was born in Indi- 
ana Oct. 22, 1823 ; married Feb. 
20, 1845 ; their chldren's names are 
Sarah Elizabeth, Isaac, Alfred, John, 
Mary Ann, Emma A., WilHam A. and 
Minnie E. 

CRUNCH, JOSEPH M., far., S. 

4 ; P. 0. Jerome ; born in Kentucky 



612 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



May 2, 1835. and settled here in 1855 ; 
owns 130 acres of land, valued at 825 
per acre. He is a Methodist and a Re- 
publican. His wife. Sarah E. Fox, was 
born in Indiana Nov. 7, 1838; they 
married in 1854, and have seven chil- 
dren — Wiley S., Sarah A., Mary M., 
Ida M., Clarence U., John M. and 
Lennia L. 
Cupple, F., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

DENOON, E. S., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. 
Seymour. 

DAKRAH, M.,^ far., S. 18 ;_ P. 0. 
Seymour; born in Monongalia Co., 
W. Va., in 1833; in 1856, his father, 
Henry, came to this county where he 
died in 1864 ; his mother died in West 
Virginia in 1847. Feb. 17, 1858, he 
married Miss Susannah Lawrer, daugh- 
ter of William and Catherine L., early 
settlers of this county ; her mother died 
in 1874; her father is a resident of 
Wayne Co., 83 years of age ; she died 
May 27, 1874, leaving six children — 
William H., Abraham, C. Sylvester, 
Stephen E., Ephraim and Joseph. He 
married Miss Martha E. Straight Feb. 
11, 1875; she was born in West Vir- 
ginia in 1842; they have one child — 
Milo, Jr., born in 1876. Democrat ; 
Mrs. Darrah is a member of the Bap- 
tist Church. 

DUKES, H. C, physician and sur- 
geon ; office, north side public square, 
Numa ; born in Putnam Co., Ind., 
Dec. 15, 1848 ; with his parents, 
Alrearim and Mary D., came to this 
county in 1850 ; his father, a farmer, 
purchased a large tract of land in Bel- 
lair Tp., now owned by Furny Moss ; 
afterward sold and purchased the farm 
now owned by Mr. Bontey, where they 
died — father, Jan. 9, 1865; mother, 
October, 1872. His elder brother en- 
listed as musician with 18th I. V. I. 
regimental band in 1862 ; died Dec. 15, 
1863. Dr. D. received an ordinary 
education, and taught school from 1869 
to 1872 ; then, commenced the study of 
medicine with Dr. Worthington of Cald- 
well Tp. ; winter of 1872-73, entered 
the Medical Institute at Keokuk ; then, 
studied and practiced with Dr. Worth- 
ington ; August, 1874, commenced 
practice alone, establishing himself in 
Missouri ; April, 1876, removed to his 



present field of labor where he is a very 
successful practitioner. March 3, 1870, 
married Miss I. J. Shaw, daughter of J. 
M. and Lucy Shaw, formerly of South- 
west Missouri, where they own a large 
tract of land ; but, driven from thence by 
the rebels, sought refuge in this county, 
north of Centerville. Her father joined 
the Gray- Beard Regiment, and died in 
hospital at St. Louis ; her mother has 
since lived with her children ; they hate 
three children — Charles A., born in 
1873; Saidie L., born in 1875 ; Harry 
C, born in 1877. Republican; mem- 
bers of M. E. Church. He is a mem- 
ber of A., F. & A. M., No. 313, Numa. 
Dr. Dukes has taught singing-school for 
several years ; has a well-organized class 
at Numa. 

ELLIOTT, A. M., far.. Sec. 7 ; P. 0. 
Seymour. 
Elliott, W. W., far., S. 13 ; P. 0. Numa. 
TpARMER, E., far., S. 24; P. 0. Numa. 

Fox, W., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Numa. 

HAGAN, J., far., Sec. 3; P. 0. 
Jerome. 

HANDL.IN, JAMES S., farmer, 
Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Seymour ; born in Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio, in 1835 ; at the age of 10, 
having lost his father, he went to live 
with Mr. Sheridan, a farmer. Six years 
afterward, he enlisted in the 74th Ohio 
V. I., Co. C, Capt. Owens ; was at 
Stone River, Atlanta, Chickamauga, 
Mission Ridge, in the Savannah cam- 
paign, and with Sherman all through, 
and mustered out at Camp Dennis, 
July 18, 1865. Spent two years in 
Ohio, farming, and one year on the Cin- 
cinnati & Marietta R. R.; thence to 
Bloomfield, Davis Co.; engaged as fore- 
man on the N. I. & M. R. R., for six 
years. In October, 1871, he married 
Miss Saphronia Cochran ; she was born 
in Missouri, in 1855 ; have three chil- 
dren — May, born in 1873 ; George F., 
born in July, 1877, and an infant. In 
the spring of 1875, he came to this 
Township, where he owns 160 acres of 
land, valued at $30 per acre. Demo- 
crat ; is a member of the Catholic 
Church . 

Harper, J., far.. Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Henderson, W. T., far., Sec. 24; P. 0. 
Numa. 



LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 



613 



Hickman, J. L.,far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Hill, J., far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

Holshouser, M. A., far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. 
Numa. 

Houser, S., far., S. 6 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

Hudson, G., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

TXMAX, E. W., farmer, Sec. 18; 
I P. 0. Seymour, Wayne Co. ; born in 
Ohio in 184:9 ; at the age of 5, his fether, 
Nathaniel, came to Appanoose, locating 
in Franklin Tp., and engaged in farm- 
ing. Being of a patriotic turn of mind, 
he enlisted in the 36th Iowa V. I. in 
1862 ; participated in several battles, 
and served his time within twelve days, 
and, while out scouting, was taken sick 
and died. E. W. remained at home 
until 15 years of age, or 1864, when he 
commenced to do for himself, and now 
owns eighty acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. Married Miss Mary J. Lowry 
in 1875 ; she was born in this county, 
where her father, J. Lowry, now resides, 
in 1858 ; theyhave one child, not named, 
and have lost one, a bright boy, born in 
1876, died in June, 1877. Kepublican. 

"TACKSOIV, C. R., farmer, Sec. 3; 

t) P- 0. Jerome ; born in Indiana, in 
Feb. 2, 1820 ; located here in April, 
1854; owns 110 acres of land, valued 
at $25 per acre, and 40 acres, valued at 
$10 per acre. He is a Methodist and 
Republican. His wife, Ellen Watkins, 
born in Clarke Co., Ind., in 1825. They 
were married Nov. 1, 1844 ; have eight 
children — Thomas Gr., Martha J., Nancy 
H., Isham E., Eliza A., Barbara J)., 
Mary E. and Victoria I. 

KEITH, FRANCIS, farmer. Sec. 9 ; 
P. 0. Jerome. 

Keller, A., far., S. 22 ; P. 0. Numa. 

KINl^EY, EVE, farmer. Sec. 8; 
P. 0. Jerome ; daughter of Daniel and 
Eve J. Jentis, residents of Ohio, on the 
Ohio River, near Cincinnati ; her father 
a native of Germany ; her mother from 
Hagerstown, Penn.; they formed a part 
of a colony who were among the earliest 
settlers of Ohio, having at that time to 
gather in the strongest cabins for mutual 
protection against the Indians ; removed 
to Clark Co., Ohio, where he died in 
1846, in his 85th year ; slie in 1848, be- 
ing thirteen years younger than her hus- 
band. July 4, 1 822, the subject of this 
sketch married Jacob Kinney ; he was 



boi'n in Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1799; 
married in Clark Co., Ohio ; fifteen years 
after, they removed to Champaign Co., 
Ohio; thence, in 1844,toVan Buren Co., 
Iowa, and, in the spring of 1845, to 
Davis Co., where he purchased his first 
land; in 1870, having improved 120 
acres, he sold it and came to this county, 
where he owned 120 acres of land ; he 
died here in March, 1876, leaving six 
children — Mary A., John, Elizabeth, 
Jesse G., Rebecca M. and Harriet S. 
Members of the M. E. Church, having 
joined in 1843 ; he was Steward of the 
Church during their residence in Ohio ; 
their children, except the youngest, are 
also members. 

Kewley, T. P., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Krewson, L. S., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Numa. 

KIXNEY, JESSE G., farmer. Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Jerome ; born in Champaign 
Co., Ohio, 1841 ; at the age of 3 years, 
his father, Jacob K., removed to Union 
Tp., Davis Co., this State, where he en- 
gaged in farming; improved a farm of 
360 acres; came to this county in 1870, 
where he died in March, 1876. J. G. 
received a common-school education. 
Enlisted Capt. Wilson's Co A, 3d Iowa 
V. C, in January, 1864 ; was in the 
battles of Selma, Columbus, Guntown, 
and many skirmishes ; mustered out at 
Atlanta, Ga., in August, 1865 ; returned 
home and resumed farming. In January, 
1869, married Miss Louisa Enoch, who 
was born in Springfield, Ohio, in 1850, 
daughter of George and Percy Enoch ; 
her father is a carpenter ; moved to Han- 
cock Co., 111.; in 1860, to this county ; 
now in Ellsworth Co., Kan. Mr. and 
Mrs. K. were married in Davis Co.; soon 
after, came to this county, where he 
owns 215 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. They have three children — ■ 
Osta, born in 1871; Errietta, in 1873, 
and Ovea, in 1877. Republican ; mem- 
bers of the M. E. Church. Held the 
office of Constable and Supervisor. 

LARIMER, D. S., far.. Sec. 4 ; P. 0. 
Jerome. 
Leak, Francis, far.. Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Numa. 
L.IXDSE Y, W. J., farmer. Sec. 21 ; 
P. 0. Jerome; born in Crawford Co., 
Penn., in 1835; with his parents, James 
and Lydia L., came to Lake Co., 111., in 
1 846 ; engaged in farming ; moved to 



614 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



Morgan Co., 111. In 1857, married Miss 
Emma Farrand, daughter of William 
and Phoebe F., then residents of Lake 
Co., now of Bremer Co., Iowa, farm- 
ers ; she was born in State of New 
York in 1839 ; in 1859, he with three 
others journeyed to Salt Lake, where 
they joined a company of 300 people, 
with sixty teams, well equipped, officered, 
etc., and started for California ; six 
months after, arrived there after several 
skirmishes with the Indians, and having 
their stock captured, most of which they 
recovered ; mined four years in Califor- 
nia ; returned in 1864, by water, via 
New York, crossing the Isthmus. En- 
listed the same fall in 96th ill. Inf., 
Co. B, Capt. Burnet ; was at Nashville, 
but mostly engaged in skirmishing ; 
mustered out in Texas in 1865. Soon 
after his return from the army, removed 
to Bremer Co., Iowa, where he had land; 
after one year, sold out and came to this 
county ; settled on the Chariton ; rented 
land ; afterward purchased his present 
property of fifty acres, valued at $20 
per acre ; they have two children — 
Leroy A. and Ralph. Member of the 
M. E. Church ; Republican. 

Lowrev, J., far.. S. 20 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

liOWRY, ROBT. S., farmer and 
stock-grower, S. 20 ; P. 0. Seymour ; born 
in Montgomery Co., Ind., in 1832; came 
to Sangamon Co., 111., in 1847 ; there fol- 
lowed the occupation of laborer until 
1853, when he came to this county and 
located where he now lives; owns 1,006 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre, all 
inclosed except twenty-four acres with 
five miles of fine hedge and one and a 
half mile of wire fence — a large 
orchard, good buildings, and a farm 
which, as to general appearance, will 
average with any in the county ; also 
owns one fifth interest in the Allerton 
Bank, mostly made in handling stock. 
He, with another man, paid the Rock 
Island Road during its first year $17,- 
000 ; now has on his farm 150 head of 
cattle, with a proportionate amount of 
other stock. He married Miss S. A. E. 
Saunders in 1853 ; she was born in 
Rutherford Co., Tenn., in 1835 ; her 
father, George S., came to this county 
with Mr. Lowry ; stayed one night, and 
being disgusted with the general appear- 



ance of the country, returned to Illinois, 
where he still resides ; her mother died 
while Mrs. L. was quite small. They 
have seven children — Margaret E., 
Luella J., Mary E., James L., Robert 
E., John T. and Harley. Republican ; 
members of the M. E. Church. Has 
held school offices — Treasurer six years ; 
Township Trustee and Township As- 
sessor. Is a member of the A., F. & 
A. M. at Seymour. Enlisted in the 
36th I. V. I., Co. I, Capt. Gedney ; 
participated in the engagements at Co- 
lumbus, Ky., Memphis, Helena, Bar- 
meter and Little Rock ; discharged as 
Corporal July 2, 1865, by reason of 
disability. 

Lunney, J. L., far., Sec. 17; P. 0. Sey- 
mour. 

McELVAIN, W. D., far., S. 16 ; P 
0. Seymour. 

lIANINCit, JOHN, Jr., farmer, 
Sec. 3; P. 0. Numa; born in Clermont 
Co., Ohio, in 1805 ; his father John, 
Sr., an early settler of that county, was 
born in New Jersey, and moved to 
Pennsylvania ; when 80 years of age, 
came to Jefferson Co., Iowa, where he 
died near Libertyville, aged 93 ; his 
mother died in Ohio; in 1856, John, 
Jr., came to Lee Co., Iowa, and engaged 
in farming on rented land ; in 1854, 
came to this county ; owns 200 acres of 
Jand, valued at $30 per acre. In 1826, 
he married Miss Martha S. Dill, who 
was born in Clermont Co., Ohio, in 
1808; died in 1830, leaving two chil- 
dren — America and Elizabeth. He 
married Miss Ursula B. Morgan in 
1833; she was born in Clermont Co., 
Ohio, in 1811 : they have seven chil- 
dren — William J., Enoch, Joseph, Sa- 
rah, Angeline, Artemisia, Amanda. Mr. 
M. is a member of the Cumberland 
Presbyterian Church; Mrs. M. is a 
member of the Christian Church. Has 
held the office of Township Trustee. 
Democrat. His son Harvey enlisted in 
the 8th I. V. C. in 1863; died with 
erysipelas at Jeffersonville, Ind., in 
1865. 

Miller, a., far., Sec. 24 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Miller, J. W., far., S. 24 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Miller, L. D., far., S. 14; P. 0. Numa. 

Mitchell, W. W., far., S. 5 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Moore, J. L., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Jerome. 



LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 



615 



MOORE, JOHX,_ farmer, Sec. 4; 
P. 0. Jerome ; born in Davidson Co., 
N. C, in 1826 ; worked for his brother 
in a distillery until 22 years of age ; in 
1848, came to this county; owns 140 
acres of land, valued at ^25 per acre. 
July, 1849, he married Miss Mary R. 
Elam, who was born in Tennessee in 
1830 ; her father, Joel E., came to this 
county from Bond Co., 111., in 1846 ; a 
farmer and carpenter ; died in Johns 
Tp., in January, 1866 ; he was an early 
settler of this county ; they have nine 
children living — Elijah, Joel E., George 
R., James A., John A., Frances E., H. 
Alfred, Mary A. and Lizzie J. ; their 
first son William E., died in 1850. Mrs. 
Moore is a member of the Baptist 
Church ; their three eldest children 
of the M. E. Church ; Independent. 
When Mr. Moore came here there 
was abundance of game, even buffalo 
and elk ; he killed thirty deer in two 
weeks, beside attending to his other work; 
wolves were so numerous that their 
flocks were in danger ; he killed a buck, 
carried the hams to town, and purchased 
their first set of cups and saucers ; no 
mill nearer than Des Moines, so they 
boiled their corn and grated it ; ground 
their buckwheat in a coffee-mill. 

Morrison, B., far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Moss, E., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Murphy, J. H., far., S. 12; P. 0. 
Numa. 

MURPHY, T. A., farmer and stock- 
grower, Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Jerome ; born in 
Cumberland, N. J., in 1825 ; his father, 
William M., a farmer, died when T. A. 
was 4 or 5 years of age ; he was bound 
to John Hawkins, farmer, with whom 
he came to Fulton Co., 111., and remained 
with him until of age ; received a com- 
mon-school education. In 1847, married 
Miss M. J. Matthews; she was born in 
Christian Co., Penn., in 1826 ; daughter 
of Charles and Nancy Matthews ; both 
died when she was a child, in Clark Co., 
near Springfield, Ohio ; they have five chil- 
dren — W. S., Edward, William Henry, 
all residents of Kansas ; Charles A. and 
Mary A.'; he engaged in farming by 
renting ; in 1868, came to this county; 
he owns thirty acres of land, well im- 
proved, valued at $30 per acre. Held 
office of Trustee four years, and was 



Treasurer of School Board and Director 
for several years. Republican. 

ATORRIS, JACOR, farmer, Sec. 

XN 12.; P. 0. Numa; born in FrankUn 
Co., Penn., in May, 1830; in 1834, 
his mother died, leaving a family of 
small children, who were taken in charge 
by the county, as his father was poor and 
intemperate ; at 10 years of age, he was 
bound out to William Cressler, a farmer 
in that county; at 21, with not even 
respectable clothing, he left his hard 
master and engaged to work by the 
month for another farmer; in 1850, he 
came to Macomb Co., 111.; was employed 
by James Head as hostler at his hotel ; 
in March, 1851, came to Burlington, 
Iowa; worked in McCoslis' livery stable; 
then on a farm in Des Moines Co. Jan. 
4, 1852, married Mary J. Abbott, 
daughter of Hayes and Elizabeth A.; 
her father settled in that county from 
Ohio in 1842; her mother died there 
when Mrs. Norris was but 9 years of 
age ; in 1852, purchased eighty acres in 
Louisa Co.; exchanged it for a team 
and wagon and farmed on rented land ; 
in the spring of 1856, came to Davis 
Co.; purchased 100 acres ; remained 
there ten years, and, in 1866, came to 
this county, where he owns 400 acres 
of land, valued at $20 per acre, well 
improved and stocked. They have eleven 
children — Ellen M., Vandora, Phoebe, 
Jacob A., Iva M., Isaac Gr., Charles G., 
James E., Lewis J., Flora F. and Mary 
M. Mr. N. was a Whig; now a Re- 
publican ; they and three children are 
members of the M. E. Church ; Mr. N. 
is Class-Leader and Trustee of the 
Church. 

O'NEIL, G. W., far., Sec. 1 ; P. 0. 
Numa 
OWEN, THOMAS, farmer and 
stock dealer. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Seymour ; 
born in Putnam Co., Ind., 1839, where 
his father died in 1853 ; with his 
mother, he came to McLean Co., 111., 
where he engaged in farming ; in 1859, 
came to this county, first settling in 
Independence Tp., where he purchased 
land, and engaged in farming. On Jan. 
30, 1862, he married Miss Mary A. 
Morlan ; she was born in Putnam Co., 
Ind., Sept. 30, 1840; daughter of 
Henry and Melinda M.; from Putnam 



616 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY; 



Co., Ind., in 1851 ; have six children — 
William H., born in 1862; John M., 
born in 1864; E., born in 1867; 
Elvin, born in 1871 ; Samuel J., 
born in 1874, and Mary C., born in 
May, 1878. Democrat. Has held 
school offices ; Director and President. 

PENDERGAST, J., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 
0. Jerome. 

PEX1>ERGAST, ADDISON, 
farmer. Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Jerome ; born in 
Ripley Co., Ind., in 1840; in 1847, 
with his father, Samuel Pendergast 
(jaovf a resident of Moulton), came to 
Lee Co., Iowa ; farmed there until 1861, 
and came to this county, where Addison 
now owns 120 acres of land, valued at $25 
per acre. In 1861. he enlisted in Co. 
B, 5th Kansas Cavalry; was at Prairie 
Grove, Sandhill, Morristown, and others; 
in 1864, he was captured and held at 
Tyler, Tex., for one year; with three 
others he made his escape by copying 
a pass; traveled by night 200 miles; 
were re-captured and taken to Louis- 
ville, thence to Magnolia, Ark., and 
Shrevesport, La.; returned to Tyler. 
Tex., and held one month ; sent to New 
Orleans for exchange, thence to Leaven- 
worth, Kan., where they were paid off; 
mustered out at Duvall's Bluff, Ark., in 
November, 1865. Married Miss Almira 
Snediker ; she was born in Belmont Co., 
Ohio, in 1840; have two children — Frank 
E., born in 1869 ; Clinton B., born in 
1875. Republican ; she is a member 
of the M. E. Church. 

Pendergast, J. W., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Pettigrew, A. M., far., S. 20 ; P. 0. Sey- 
mour. 
R INKER, FRANK, far., S. 21 ; P. 
0. Numa. 

RINKER, JONATHAN, far, S. 
5; P. 0. Numa; born in Mason Co., 
Ky., in 1810 ; his father, George R., 
a native of Virginia, in 1819, moved to 
Washington Co., Ind. ; was an early 
settler ; cleared a farm and remained 
until his death in 1827 ; his mother, 
after her husband's death, came to Lee 
Co., Iowa, then to Ralls Co., Mo., where 
she died in 1847 ; Mr. R. went to Law- 
rence Co., Ind., in 1830. In 1833, 
married Miss Elizabeth Flinn ; she was 
born in Kentucky in 1810 ; her parents 
were pioneers of Lawrence Co., Ind. ; 



in 1818, made their own roads and crafts 
for crossing streams ; lived in forts for 
protection from the Indians ; a cousin 
of Mr. R. was killed and an uncle 
taken prisoner by the Indians ; in 1845, 
came to the Territory of Iowa and set- 
tled in Van Buren Co. ; cleared a farm ; 
in November, 1851, came to this coun- 
ty and entered land ; owns 240 acres of 
land valued at $25 per acre ; on arriv- 
ing here, had a yoke of oxen and wagon, 
$11 in money and eleven in his family ; 
had to go to Des Moines River to mill. 
Has eight children — Oliver C, Robert 
F., Eranklin, Leander, Walter, Eliza- 
beth, Caroline and Emily. George W. 
enlisted in the 6th Kansas Cav. ; was 
killed in the battle of Mazzard Prairie ; 
Oliver C. was taken prisoner and held 
at Tyler, Texas, until the close of the 
war ; Robert F., also in same regiment, 
served until close of the war. Mr. Rin- 
ker was a Democrat ; since the rebellion 
a Republican ; member of the M. E. 
Church. Has held the office of Town- 
ship Trustee and other offices. 

RINKER, R. F., farmer, Sec. 21; 
P. 0. Numa ; born in Lawrence Co., 
Ind., in 1839; in 1845, his parents, 
Jonathan and Elizabeth R., came to Lee 
Co., Iowa, engaged in farming ; in 1851, 
came to this county. In 1861, R. F. 
enlisted in Co. B, 5th Kan. Cav. ; April, 
1862, transferred to the 6th Kan. Cav. ; 
was in battle at Morristown, where their 
Colonel and several of the company were 
killed; for over eighteen months their 
company was detached from the regi- 
ment, engaged in guerrilla warfare, fight- 
ing Quantrell over a year ; mustered out 
Second Sergeant, at Ft. Leavenworth, 
Kan., Nov. 18, 1862. April, 1866, 
married Miss Julia N. Brinkley, daugh- 
ter of W. D. Brinkley, of Linn Co., 
Mo. ; she was born in Fayette Co., 
Ohio, in 1 846 ; they have six children 
— William J., Charles Homer, John E., 
Frank, Tommy, George. Republican. 
Held the office of Township Trustee for 
several years, Constable, member School 
Board, Secretary, etc.; member of the 
A., F. & A. M., No. 133, at Numa. 
Owns 180 acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre. 

Ruby, H. F., far.. Sec. 19 ; P. 0. Sey- 
mour 



LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 



617 



S PEERS, IRWIN, far.. Sec. 19 ; P.O. 
Seymour. 
I^IHLES, PETER, Jr., far., Sec. 
3 ; P. 0. Jerome ; born in Clinton Co., j 
Ohio, in 1823 ; his grandfather, Peter [ 
Sidles, a native of Germany, came to 
this country during the Revolution ; en- 
listed at 16 and served in that campaign ; 
settled in Pennsylvania on the Alleghany 
River. Peter's father married Miss 
Nancy Morrison in Clinton Co. ; she 
was born in Pennsylvania in 1801 ; 
daughter of Galvin and Catharine, of 
that county. His father died in Janu- 
ary, 1865 ; mother still resides on the 
old farm where Peter, Jr., was born, and 
which she has owned for fifty-seven years. 
In 181:6, Peter married Miss Susan 
Crossman, who was born in Clinton Co., 
Ohio, in 1824 ; her father, a farmer and 
stock dealer, one of the first settlers of 
that county, is a native of New Jersey; 
her mother died in 1826 ; father in 1853 ; 
were highly respected members of the 
Baptist Church. Soon after marriage, 
Mr. Sidles bought 100 acres of wild land, 
farmed it for seven years ; but the labor 
of clearing a timber farm proving too 
great for his health, hesold and came to 
Appanoose during 1859, to his present 
home ; owns 470 acres of land, valued 
at S25 per acre, well improved with 
good buildings, his residence cost $3,000, 
and an extensive orchard. They have 
six children — Maria A., Mary M.', 
Hannah E., John A., George I. and 
Susan A ; those married are in business ; 
Mary — a successful teacher for eleven 
years. Republican ; members of twenty- 
two years' standing in the M. E. Church ; 
he is a Class-Leader. Member of A., F. 
& A. M., of thirty years' standing, now 
belonging to Lodge No. 133 of Numa; 
held the office of Justice of the Peace 
for eleven years, and of Township 
Trustee and Assessor. August, 1861, 
enlisted in 5th Kansas Cavalry ; trans- 
ferred to 6th Kansas Cavalry ; taken 
prisoner at Mazzard Prairie ; held at 
Tyler, Texas ; escaped and reached 
Capt. Gedney's Co., 36th I. V. I. ; had 
seven months' prison fare, five weeks 
sick with fever, but was so fortunate as 
to have one of his own company's men, 
James Asher, to care for him, and whom 
he greatly esteems for his kindness ; ac- 



companied Capt. Gedney's Company to 
Cairo, 111. ; at Leavenworth, Kansas, 
mustered out April 18, 1865. 

Squire, J., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

Squire, S., far., S. 7 ; P. 0. Seymour. 

Steele, M., far., S. 11 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Stoner, N. far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

STEWART, JAMES, farmer. 
Sec. 1; P. 0. Numa; born in Mont- 
gomery Co., Ky., Sept. 22, 1807 ; set- 
tled in Indiana in 1825 ; located in this 
State in 1849 ; owns 172 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. His wife, Dicy 
Wright, was born in North Carolina 
Aug: 25, 1811 ; married Dec. 24, 1829 ; 
have seven children — Nety, Elizabeth, 
Amos, Melinda, Rity, Isaiah and Nancy 
Jane. 

YA^ D0R:N, a. S., farmer. Sec. 
16; P. 0. Numa; born in Lick- 
ing Co., in 1819; his parents, Joseph 
and Hanna V., were early settlers of 
that county from New Jersey. At 16, 
commenced learning the trade of black- 
smith ; served an apprenticeship of four 
years ; worked at journey work two 
years ; in 1839, he came to Farmington, 
Van Buren Co., this State. In Febru- 
ary, 1843, he married Miss Minerva 
Vito; she was born in Ohio in 1826. 
Worked at carding; returned to his 
trade ; followed it until 1850, when he, 
with two others, went to the Missouri 
River, joined a company and went to 
California ; engaged in mining for four 
years, with moderate success; in 1854, 
returned via the . Nicaragua route ; 
reached Van Burcn Co.. after a journey 
of three months, in October, 1854; iu 
the spring of 1855, came to this county ; 
engaged in farming ; owns 240 acres of 
land, valued at $15 per acre. Have six 
children — Josephine, Maryette and Mary 
(twins), Stephen Douglas, George B. and 
Virginia M. Greenbacker. 
VANXESS, S. C, farmer and stock- 
grower, Sec. 16; P. 0. Seymour, born 
in Lycoming Co., Penn., in 1819 ; his 
father was of Holland descent, and his 
mother of English ; they were married 
in New Jersey ; his father was a black- 
smith ; moved to Pennsylvania ; thence 
to Columbiana Co., Ohio; were early 
settlers, and so poor that they wore 
wooden shoes ; thence to Trumbull Co., 
Ohio ; returned to Pennsylvania, where 



618 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



his parents died — his father at the age of 
86 years, his mother at 84. In Decem- 
ber, 1842, he married Miss Mary Cronk ; 
she was born in Trumbull Co., Ohio 
(afterward Mahoning Co.), in 1823 ; her 
parent, Isaac C. and Margaret (nee 
Deal), were born in Pennsylvania ; they 
moved to Ohio, where her father died, 
the ftimily removing to Indiana. In 
1857, came to this county ; owns 340 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre. 
Have five children living, lost one — 
Madison M., born in 1845, died in May, 
1848; Addison M., born in 1851; 
Canfield B., in 1853 ; William C, in 
1855 ; Peter M., in 1856, and Abraham 
L., in 1863. The father of Mrs. Van- 
ness, Isaac Cronk, was a lawyer ; ad- 
mitted to the bar, and practiced in Ma- 
honing Co., Ohio ; a highly educated 
man ; for many years taught school, but 
from ill-health left it for other pursuits. 
Republican ; have been members of the 
Baptist Church at Livingston for twen- 
ty-five years. 

TT7ILS0N, A. F., farmer, Sec. 22; 
VV P. 0. Numa. 

WARE, M. li., farmer, Sec. 18 ; P. 
0. Seymour ; born in Orange Co., Ind., 
in 1839; in 1847, his father, William 
W., came to Lee Co., Ind. ; engaged in 
farming; in 1849, came to Davis Co., 
and, in 1851, to this county, where he 
now resides, one mile south of Center- 
ville. July, 1861, M. L. enlisted in 
Co. D, 6th Iowa V. I., Capt M. M. 



Walden ; on account of ill-health, was 
discharged at Tipton, Mo., in 1862. 
April 1, 1863, married Miss M. J. Ham- 
ilton, daughter of A. H. Hamilton ; she 
was born in Hendricks Co., Ind., in 
1844 ; died July 14, 1873. After mar- 
riage, settled in Centerville ; in 1875, 
moved to his present farm ; owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
February, 1876, he married Miss Har- 
riet Putnam, a re.sident of Fremont Co., 
where they were married ; they have 
one child — Chloe,born in August, 1877. 
Republican. 

Wilson, H., far., S. 3; P. 0. Jerome. 

Wilson, J., far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Jerome. 

Wilson, R. P., far., Sec. 22 ; P. 0. Numa. 

Wilson, P., for.. See. 22; P. 0. Numa. 

WRIGHT, WILLIAM H., farm- 
er, Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Centerville ; born in 
Miami Co., Ind., in 1848 ; in 1854, his 
father, Zebida W., moved to Putnam 
Co., Ind. ; farmed for two years ; in 
1856, came to this county ; purchased a 
farm of 240 acres in Bellair Tp. ; now 
resides at Seymour, Wayne Co. In 
1866, married C. A. Mills ; she was 
born in Putnam Co., Ind., in 1849 ; her 
parents, Henry and Rebecca, were early 
settlers of this county ; her mother died 
here in 1853; her father Jan. 1, 1877. 
They have three children — Ettie B., 
born in 1868 ; Oliver P., born in 1871 ; 
Z. H., born in 1875. Owns eighty 
acres of land, valued at $25 per acre. 
Republican; members of M. E. Church. 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



ANGEIi, JOS., far., S. 4; P. 
O. Unionville ; born in Garrard Co. , 
Ky., Oct. 25, 1808; removed to Put- 
nam Co., Ind., in 1832 ; there engaged 
in farming until 1853, when he came to 
Wapello Co., where he improved a farm 
and remained until 1865, when he came 
to Appanoose and settled upon the farm 
where he now resides, containing sixty 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. He 
married Miss Lucinda Carter in April, 
1830 ; she was born in Garrard Co., Ky., 
in 1811 ; they have ten children — Ar- 
thusa, Mary A., Elizabeth, William H., 



Nancy J., Cynthia A., James N., 
Fountain H., Leroy, Scott and Catha- 
rine. Democratic in politics ; members 
of the Missionary Baptist Church. 
A^fGJEL, li. SCOTT., farmer. Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in Putnam 
Co., Ind., in 1847 ; with his father, 
James Angel, came to Wapello in 1853 ; 
there engaged in farming until 1865, 
when they came to this county, where 
he (Scott A.) owns 193 acres of land, 
valued at $20 per acre. He married 
Miss Virginia McEntire in 1869 ; she 
was born in Van Buren Co., Iowa, in 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



619 



1849 ; her father, Hiram McE., being 
one of the early settlers of that county ; 
they have four children — Edward E., 
Carrie, Loonetty and WiHey. He is a 
member of the U. B. Church. Although 
still young, Mr. Angel has accumu- 
lated a desirable property, all made by 
his own labor and good management ; 
during the year ISG-t, he crossed the 
plains to California, including in his 
travels, Washington Territory, Idaho, 
etc.; engaged in freighting ; returning 
in 1867, around the Cape. 

BISHOP, W. W., farmer, Sec. 27; 
P. 0. Unionville. 

BALDRIDC^E, J. H., farmer, Sec. 
19 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in Hickman 
Co., Tenn., Feb. 4, 1850, and in April 
of the same year, although but 3 
months of age, he emigrated to Appa- 
noose Co., where his father settled, and 
where he improved three farms, and al- 
though he only had his land warrants 
and $50 in money, at his death, which 
occurred in 1865, he left his family 425 
acres of land, valued at $30 per acre, 
and $3,000 in money ; he was buried 
on the farm last occupied by him, and 
there also his mother still lives, that be- 
ing her dowry. At the age of 26, or, 
in February, 1877, J. H., married Miss 
Susan M. Roberts ; she was born in 
Boone Co., Ind., in 1859 ; they have 
one child — Gertie, born Dec. 28, 1877. 
Mrs. B. is a member of the M. E. 
Church. Democratic. 

Borland, J., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

BIJCKMASTER, E. A., proprie- 
tor of Union Tp. grist and saw mills ; P. 
0. Unionville ; born in Coshocton Co., 
Ohio, in 1837 ; came to Appanoose Co. 
in 1852. In 1867, he married Miss R. 
E. Stanley ; she was born in Jefferson 
Co., Iowa, Jan. 1, 1846 ; daughter of 
Moses Stanley, who was among the early 
settlers of that county ; her mother's 
father. Berk Hoffman, was among the 
earliest settlers of that county ; removed 
there from New Albany, Ind., when 
she (her mother) was but 12 years of 
age, or, in 1831 ; her mother learned to 
talk the Indian language of the Indians. 
They have three children — Frederick 
H., born Nov. 4, 1867 ; Jessie 0., born 
June 11, 1869; and Mary, born June 
26, 1875. Republican; members of 



M. E. Church. Enlisted in 2d I. V. I., 
May 27, 1861 ; skirmishing along the H. 
& St. Joe R. R. until Dec. 21, 1861, 
and then mustered out of that regiment 
at Benton Barracks ; then enlisted in 
the 3d I. V. C, Co. I, as Corporal, in 
March, 1862 ; took part at Vicksburg, 
Pea Ridge, Arkadelphia, Helena, 
Clarendon; there he was wounded ; after- 
ward he participated at Yazoo River, 
Knoxville, and on the march from 
Balesville, Ark., to Helena, and others ; 
mustered out at Keokuk, Sept. 19, 
1864, at expiration of service. 

CALDWELL, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 
5 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Coltrain, S. L., far., S. 8 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Cox, J. D., far.. Sec. 19; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 
Cross, W. S., far.. Sec. 27 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 
Cummings, William H., far.. Sec. 6 ; P.O. 
Moravia. 

DARBY, S. C, farmer, Sec. 17 ; P. 
0. Unionville. 

Darby, Wm., far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Dorathy, Arch., far.. Sec. 12; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

Drake, M. A., far., S. 27 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

GOOD, PETER, ftirmer. Sec. 30; 
P. 0. Unionville. 

GILL.II.AXD, G. W., farmer. Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in Barthol- 
omew Co., Ind., in 1848, his parents 
came to this county in 1854, where he 
owns twenty-one and ahalf acres of land, 
valued at $10 per acre. He married 
Miss Malinda Gate in 1867 ; she was 
born in Appanoose Co. in 1850; they 
have two children — Emma E. and Clara 
May. Democrat ; members of the 
Christian Church. 

GILIilLAXD, J. J., farmer. Sec. 
4 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in Union 
Co., Ind., June, 1824 ; when 4 years of 
age, his parents removed to Decatur Co., 
Ind., and, in 1840, he removed to Bar- 
tholomew Co. in the same State ; during 
the year 1854, he came to Wapello Co., 
Iowa, and to Appanoose in 1857 ; owns 
forty-eight acres of land, valued at $20 
per acre. He married Miss Susan Dud- 
ley in 1847 ; she was born in Kentucky 
in 1829 ; her father, Wm. Dudley, an 
early pioneer to this county in 1855, 



620 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY: 



died in 1863 ; her mother still lives 
among her children, being an old lady of 
over 80 years of age, of good health, but 
totally blind ; they have one child — Gr. 
W. Democrat. Holds the office of Con- 
stable ; has been Justice of the Peace, 
Trustee, President of School Board, etc. 

GRAHAM, A. F., farmer, Sec. 17 ; 
P. 0. Unionville; born in Highland 
Co., Ohio, in July, 1843 ; with his 
parents, J. W. and Margaret H., came 
to Troy, Davis Co., Iowa, in 1845, 
where they settled and remained one 
year, and then came to this county, 
Union Tp., where they now live; he 
owns 80 acres of land, valued at $600. 
Married Miss Mary J. Hopkins in 
1864 ; she was born in Hancock Co., 
Tenn., in 1843 ; have seven children — 
Charles M.. John W., Eliza A., James 
L., Benjamin F., Latecia and Winfield 
Scott. Democrat. Has held the office 
of Constable. 

Graham, J. W., far.. Sec. 28; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

HAMMOND, C. H., far., Sec. 11 ; 
P. 0. Unionville. 

Hard, H., far., Sec. 24; P. 0. Union vUle. 

Henderson, Gr. W., far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

HICKS, J. F., farmer, Sec. 18; 
P. 0. Unionville ; born in Lee Co., Va., 
in 1827 ; at the age of 7, his father, 
William H. Hicks, removed to Hawkins 
Co., Tenn., where he remained until 
1850, when he came to Jeiferson Co., 
Iowa ; there they improved a farm, and 
remained until he (J. F.) came to this 
county, in 1864, where he owns 200 
acres of land, valued at $20 per acre. 
Married Miss Elizabeth Rodgers in 
1849 ; she was born in Tennessee, in 
1828; her father, Rial Rodgers, a resi- 
dent of Van Buren Co., there engaged 
in cabinet-making and farming until 
his death, which occurred in 1850; have 
eight children — John J., Lorinda J., 
Mary L., William L., Charles H., 
Houston R., Emma F. and Minnie A. 
Democrat; Mr. and Mrs. H. are mem- 
bers of the Missionary Baptist Church. 
Holds the office of Justice of the Peace, 
in his township ; has been Township 
Trustee, County Supervisor, Township 
Assessor, etc.; member of A., F. & A. 
M., No. 119, Unionville. 



Hopkins, C, far.. Sec. 21 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hogue, Jas., far.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hopkins, Adam, far., S. 29 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hopkins, T. E., far.. Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hogue, H. G., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hogue, J. P., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

HFNT, A. W., farmer, Sec. 22 ; P. 
0. Unionville ; born in Catskill, N. Y., 
in 1825; in 1835, his father, Joseph 
Hunt, removed to Harrison Co., Ohio, 
there engaged in farming, his former 
occupation having been that of a miller ; 
he died in November, 1853. A. W. 
Hunt, at the age of 24, or during the 
year 1849, married Miss Elizabeth 
Stiles, born in Guernsey Co., Ohio, in 
1830, died in 1863, leaving four chil- 
dren — Joseph, Wyman, Mary, Frank- 
lin ; her father, John Stiles, was among 
the early settlers of this county, coming 
here in 1852, now living in the Indian 
Territory. Four years after marriage, 
the subject of this sketch came to this 
county, where he engaged in millwright- 
ing until 1870, when he purchased and 
settled upon the farm he now occupies, 
consisting of 120 acres of land, valued at 
$20 per acre ; then married Mrs. Lydia 
Parker, in 1868, widow of the late John 
P., who died at Centerville in 1856. 
They have three children — Minnie, 
Jennie J., EUie B. Greenbacker ; 
members of the Christian Church. Has 
held the office of Justice of the Peace 
several terms, school offices, etc. ; mem- 
ber of the Vigilance Committee. 
JOHNSON, JOSHUA, farmer, Sec. 
12 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

JOHNSOX, J. G., farmer. Sec. 12 ; 
P. 0. Unionville ; born in Sullivan Co., 
Tenn., in 1819 ; in 1850, he came to 
Davis Co., Iowa ; remained there until 
1853, when he took an overland trip to 
California; there engaged in farming 
until 1858, and returning, settled in 
this county, where he now owns 380 
acres of land, valued at $10 per acre. 
Married Miss Edna Powell in Sullivan 
Co., Tenn., where she was born in 1821 ; 
died there in 1848, leaving five children, 



UNION TOWNSHIP. 



621 



all of whom have since died, leaving the 
husband and father alone in the world. 
He is a member of the A., F. & A. M., 
No. 119, Unionville ; Democrat. 

Jones, Joseph, far., S. 4 ; P. 0., Union- 
ville. 

KIRBY, GEORGE, far.. Sec. 25 ; P. 
0. Unionville. 

Knight, Jas., far.. Sec. 29 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 
LOCKMAN, G. S., far., Sec. 3 ; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

LEWIS, ANDREW, faiwr, Sec. 
17 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born in Mason 
Co., W. Va., in 1812 ; at the age of 
12, his father, Andrew L., removed to 
Jackson Co., Ohio, among the pioneers 
of that State ; cleared up a farm there. 
At the age of 21, or in 1833, he mar- 
ried Miss Louisa Maddox ; she was born 
in Culpeper Co., Va., in 1817 ; died in 
1860, leaving eight children — James 
M., Polly A., Rozzell, Rebecca J., George, 
Minerva, Lucinda and William ; in 1861, 
he married Mrs. Delila Ireland, widow 
of the late Thomas Ireland, who died 
in this county in 1857 ; she was born in 
Culpeper Co., Va., in 1809. Democrat ; 
she is a member of the New Lights. Mr. 
Lewis had three sons and three sons-in- 
law in the late war, all enlisted in Iowa 
regiments ; his sons James M. and Roz- 
zell were prisoners for ten months ; his 
son George lost his health and lived 
only three weeks after reaching home. 

Lockman, J. J., Sr., far., Sec. 3 ; P. O. 
Unionville. 

Lockman, J. J., Jr., far.. See. 9 
Unionville. 

McCOY, H., far.. Sec. 17; 
Unionville. 

Miller, L. G., far., S. 19; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

MILLER, CLAUDILS B., far.. 
Sec. 19; P. O. Unionville; born in 
Hickman Co.,Tenn.,in 1824; removed 
to this county in 1848, where he owns 
267 acres of land, valued at $15 per 
acre. Married Miss Martha J. Bald- 
ridge in 1846 ; she was born in David- 
son Co., Tenn., in 1822 ; daughter of 
Andrew and Margaret B., residents of 
that county; died in October, 1874, 
leaving seven children — Benjamin G., 
James D., Laura J., Amanda A., Sarah 
E., William C, Rosa B. She was a 



P. 0. 
p. 0. 



member of the M. E. Church. Then 
he married Miss Dorcas E. Jennings 
in April, 1877; she was born in Greene 
Co. (where her parents s^ill reside), in 
April, 1842. Republican in politics; 
members of the 5l. E. Church. Now 
holds the office of County Supervisor ; 
was a member of the State Legislature 
two terms ; member A., F. & A. M., 
No. 119, Unionville. Enlisted in the 
36th I. V. L, Co. C, Capt. Dr. S. Saw- 
yers, as private ; participated at battle 
of Helena, Little Rock, Prairie de Ann 
and Little Missouri ; came home recruit- 
ing ; he, with some assistance, raised 
half a regiment ; promoted to Orderly, 
and afterward to First Lieutenant and 
Quartermaster ; was mustered out at 
Davenport in 1865, or at close of the 
war. 
Milliman, J., far., S. 9 ; P.O. Unionville. 

NORTON, AMOS, far., S. 13; P. 
0. Unionville. 

~ 30BERTS, JOHN J., far., S. 23 ; P. 

_ _lj 0. Unionville. 

RODC^ERS, Z. F., far., S. 12; P. 
0. Unionville ; born in Franklin Co., 
Ohio, in 1836 ; during the year 1846, 
his father, Zephaniah R., with his fam- 
ily, removed to Pittsburg, Van Buren 
Co., Iowa, and opened a hotel there, 
which he retained and controlled until 
1849, when he came to this county, 
Union Tp., and took up a claim ; located 
and improved the farm now owned by 
John Clous, which he occupied until his 
death, which occurred in 1870, at the 
advanced age of 99 years, lacking six 
days ; his mother died in 1867. At 
the age of 22, or in 1858, Z. F. mar- 
ried Miss Martha A. Tate; she was born 
in Winchester, Ky., in 1836 ; her par- 
ents, Wady and Ruth Tate, were early 
settlers of Davis Co., Marion Tp., where 
they were married ; her mother died 
there, and her father afterward removed 
to Macon Co., Mo. ; they have six chil- 
dren — Mary F., Euphaine, Orange B.; 
Emma, Lottie and William. Dem. ; 
Mrs. R. is a member of the Missionary 
Baptist Church. Has held the offices ot 
Township Clerk, Township Trustee and 
school offices ; is a member of A., F. & 
A. M., No. 119, Unionville. 

SAPP. R. A., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Un- 
ionville. 



622 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY 



Sawyer, D. A., far., S. 26 ; P. 0. Uoion- 

ville. 
Sawyer, S. H., far., S. 22 ; P. O. Union- 

ville. 
Shunkwiler, F. H., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Un- 

ionville. 
Smith, L., far., S. 21 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Stocker, H.. far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Strunk, I)., far., S. 23 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

TADLOCK, ELISHA, farmer, Sec. 1 ; 
P. 0. Unionville. 
Tadlock, R., far., S. 1 ; P. 0. Unibnville. 
Taylor, A. P., far.. Sec. 18 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 
Taylor, D. B., far., Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 
Tissue, A., far., Sec. 6 ; P. 0. Moravia. 
Tucker, I., far., S. 22; P. 0. Unionville. 

UNDP]RWOOD, JOSEPH, far., Sec. 
23 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
YANDEVENTER, PETER, far.. Sec. 
22 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

VAXD A VENTER, If A X C Y 
A., farming, Sec. 17 ; P. 0. Unionvilie ; 
born in East Tennessee, in 1837 ; came 
with her parents, in 1851, to Davis Co., 
Iowa; and to this county in 1853, 
where she owns 120 acres of land, val- 
ued at $15 per acre. She married 
Joseph Eaton at Unionville, this county, 
in 1861 ; he was born in Ohio in 1837 ; 
died in 1871, leaving two children — 
Abraham V. and Rebecca. 

VOOUHEES, RICHARD D., 
farmer. Sec. 23 ; P. 0. Unionville ; born 
in Fulton Co., 111., in 1842, where his 
father, John V., was one of the earliest 
settlers, from New Jersey, settling in 
Fulton Co. in 1834, there being at the 
time but one house between his and 
Chicago, and but three or four houses 
in Chicago. In 1870, the subject of this 
biographical sketch married Miss Mag- 
gie E. Middleton, at Fairview, that 
county, where her father, John M., had 
resided since 1866 ; she was born in 
Coshocton Co., Ohio, in 1843; during 
the same year, they came to this county, 
where he owns 120 acres of land, val- 



ued at $20 per acre ; they have two 
children — Essie B., born in 1872, and 
Carrie W., born in 1874. Greenbacker. 
She, a member of the M. E. Church; 
he, of the A. F. & A. M., No. 119, at 
Unionville. Enlisted in 103d 111. Inf., 
Co. D, Capt. WycoflF; participated at 
Vicksburg, Knoxville, Chattanooga, 
Lookout Mountain, Buzzard's Roost, 
Atlanta, and battles of the 22d and 
28th of June, Savannah, the taking of 
Raleigh and others ; was mustered 
out at Louisville, Ky., in 1865. 

WALDEN, MATHIAS, farmer. Sec 
2; P. 0. Unionville. 
Waiters, Lewis W., tar.. Sec. 28 ; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

WEDMORE FRANK, far , S. 2 ; 

P. O. Unionville ; born in Davis Co., 
Iowa, in 1849 ; where his parents had 
previously settled ; in 1850, they came 
to this county, Union Tp., where they 
still reside. He has 160 acres of land, 
valued at $25 per acre. Married 
Miss Elizabeth Maryman in 1877 ; she 
was born in Rock Castle Co., Ky., in 
1850 ; daughter of John Maryman, 
formerly a resident of Kentucky ; in 
1854, he removed to Indianapolis, Ind., 
where he engaged in chair and cabinet 
making ; afterward, removed to Colum- 
bus, Ind., where he died in 1873 ; her 
mother died in 1870. Democratic. He 
was employed on the Missouri River, 
from Sioux City to Fort Benton, first as 
fireman on steamer Nellie Peck ; next as 
watchman on the Benton, and same on 
Silver Lake and Western ; went up the 
Yellow Stone, on the Key West, on the 
exploring expedition of 1875, authorized 
by Government for thepurpose of build- 
ing a Government post at the mouth of 
Powder River, Montana Territory ; re- 
turned here fall of 1877. 

Williams, D. W., far., S. 4 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Woolen, Elias, far., S. 17 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 



DOUGLASS TOWNSHIP. 



623 



DOUGLASS TOWNSHIP. 



BRYANT, WILLIAM J., farmer, 
Sec. 3 ; P. 0. Dennis. 
Burton, I. W., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Moravia. 

CAMPBELL, R.. farmer, Sec. 36 ; P. 
0. Union ville. 
Cridlebaugh, W., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. 
Moravia. 

DAGGETT, JAMES, farmer. Sec. 15 ; 
P. 0. Centerville. 
ELY, ADAM, farmer, Sec. 31 ; P. 0. 
Dennis. 
Exline. E., far., S. 14 ; P. 0. Centerville. 

FRENCH, A. S., former, Sec. 15 ; P. 
0. Unionville. 
HAINES, DAVID, farmer, Sec. 6 ; 
P. 0. Dennis. 

HAMIL.TO.X, JAMES, farmer, 
Sec. 4 ; P. 0. Dennis ; born in Brown 
Co., Ohio, in 1828 ; he moved to Indi- 
ana in 1830, and thence to Iowa, Lee 
Co., in 1854 ; remained two years, and 
thence to Guthrie Co. ; remained five 
years, and thence to this county in 1861 ; 
has 320 acres of land, valued at $30 per 
acre ; he has a good building, bearing 
orchard, and other good improvements, 
and a good property, which himself and 
wife made by their energy ; also has pur- 
chased all practical books, etc., to educate 
his family. Has held Township and 
school offices. They are members of 
the M. E. Church, of which he 
is Steward ; votes the Republican ticket. 
Married Elizabeth Hukill in Indiana, in 
1854 ; she was born in Ripley Co., Ind., 
in 1828 ; they had one child — Sarah V., 
born Sept. 2, 1855 ; Mrs. H. died in 
October, 1874 ; he married for his 
second wife Amanda C. Hayes, in this 
county; in 1875 ; she was born in Ten- 
ncsee in 1841 ; they have one child — 
Bessie, born Aug. 16, 1876. He keeps 
graded and improved stock. 

Hay worth, J., far., S. 36 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hayworth, R., far.; S. 36; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hedgecock, J. M.,far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hedgecock, W., far., S. 2 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville, 

Hiatt, Enos, far., S. 32 ; P. 0. Dennis. 

Hiatt, D. M., far., S. 33 ; P. 0. Dennis. 



Hiatt, J., far., S. 15 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Hiatt, I., far.. Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Unionville. 

Hiatt, M.,hY., S. 32; P. 0. Dennis. 

Hiatt, T., far., S. 34 ; P. 0. Dennis. 

Hollingsworth, H., far.. Sec. 12; P.O. 
Unionville. 

Hughes, M. C, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 0. Cen- 
terville. 

Hukill, W. H., far., S. 3 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Hunter, W., far., Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Dennis. 

JACKSON, MASON, farmer. Sec. 5 ; 
P. 0. Dennis. 

KERSEY, HENRY, farmer. Sec. 34 ; 
P. 0. Moravia. 

Ketchum, B., far., Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

KOOXTZ, PETER, farmer. Sec. 
4 ; P.O. Centerville ; born in Rocking- 
ham Co., W. Va., in 1838 ; he moved 
to Ohio ; remained six years, and thence 
to Iowa in 1856; he has 275 acres of 
good land, free of debt, valued at $25 
per acre, with bearing orchard, building, 
etc. ; he improved the most of his farm, 
and made his own property. He enlisted 
in the 6th Iowa V. I. in September, 
1861 ; was wounded in the hand at the 
battle of Shiloh, losing the ball inside 
the right hand, and continued in action, 
and was soon again wounded in the right 
arm ; had his amputated near the shoul- 
der, and was discharged in September, 
1862. He married Nancy E. Morrison 
in Iowa, February, 1866 ; she was born 
in Maryland, in 1848 ; they have three 
children — Francis M., Alice May and 
John A. He is a practical and success- 
ful farmer, and a worthy and respected 
citizen. A Greenbacker. 

McCANN, JOHN L., far., Sec. 33 ; 
P. 0. Dennis. 

Madison, W., far., Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Dennis. 

Martin, W. W., far., Sec. 2 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Mellon, AV. H., far.. Sec. 34 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Morris, J., far., Sec. 14; P.O. Union- 
ville. 

Morris, J. H., far., Sec. 15 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Morrison, J. A., far.. Sec. 15; P.O. Union- 
ville. 



624 



DIRECTORY OF APPANOOSE COUNTY : 



PALMER, DAVID, far., Sec. 9 ; P. 
0. Unionville. 
Peak, A. J., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Dennis. 
Penniugtou, E. A., far., Sec. 38; P.O. 

Dennis. 
Pennington, T., far., Sec. 6 ; P. O. Dennis. 
Perjue, J., far.. Sec. 14 ; P. 0. Unionville. 
Pickard, J. H., far.. Sec. 33 ; P. 0. Dennis. 

RANEY, JOHN, far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. 
Dennis. 
Raney, R., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Dennis. 

SAUNDERS, JOHN, far., Sec. 12 ; P. 
0. Unionville. 
Scott, Lafayette, far.. Sec. 5 ; P. 0. Dennis. 

TAYLOR, GEORGE W, far., Sec. 31 ; 
P. 0. Dennis. 
Train, J. H., far., Sec. 32; P. 0. Dennis. 
Tucker, A. J., far.. Sec. 8 ; P. 0. Dennis. 
Tucker, J., far., Sec. 34; P. 0. Moravia. 
"TTLLUM, JOHN, far.. Sec. 8; P.O. 
l^ Dennis. 

WHITE, ALEXANDER E., far.. 
Sec. 5 ; P. O. Dennis. 



White, J. A., far., Sec. 12 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

WHITE, L.. W., far.. Sec. 5 : P. 0. 
Dennis ; born in Appanoose Co., Iowa, 
February, 1854; has 280 acres of land, 
valued at $30 per acre, with good I uild- 
ings, bearing orchard, etc. He ma/ried 
Jennie, Ullem in this county, in 1873 ; 
she was born in Monroe Co., Iowa, in 
September, 1854 ; they hj-ve three chil- 
dren — Minnie Jane, born in December, 
1875 ; and a pair of twin boys — Clemie, 
and one not named, born May 5, 1878. 
Mr. White has held the office of Con- 
stable. Greenbacker. 

Wilkinson, A. D., far.. Sec. 13; P. 0. 
Unionville. 

Wilkinson, J., far., Sec. 13 ; P. 0. Union- 
ville. 

Wright, Jno., farmer, Sec. 5 ; P. O. Den- 
nis. 

Workman, H., far.. Sec. 31 ; P. O. Den- 
nis. 




